• Advances in genome sequencing including the use of single-cell RNA sequencing (both of tumour material and blood samples), as well as immune cell identification strategies and other techniques such as radiomics and analysis of the microbiota, have created considerable potential for the identification of novel predictive biomarkers enabling the accurate selection of patients who are most likely to derive benefit from ICIs. (nature.com)
  • Currently, only about 20 percent to 40 percent of patients respond to the most effective combination of two checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapies. (the-scientist.com)
  • One of these strategies was discussed by Kevin Litchfield at the University College London Cancer Institute, whose team conducted a meta-analysis using publicly available exome and transcriptome data from more than 1,000 patients with various tumor types enrolled in multiple immunotherapy studies. (genomeweb.com)
  • The study showed that the successful treatment of mice with checkpoint inhibitors increases the frequency of CX3CR1-positive T cells, and that the presence of the biomarker correlates with response and survival in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. (scienceboard.net)
  • The same group has now correlated CX3CR1 expression to outcomes in NSCLC patients treated with chemo-immunotherapy. (scienceboard.net)
  • We have other viable treatment options for NSCLC patients, so the biomarker can help us identify patients who might have better results with an alternative therapy. (scienceboard.net)
  • Because CX3CR1 changes before tumors shrink, it could serve as a noninvasive, early treatment biomarker that is assessed when patients attend their first check-up appointment. (scienceboard.net)
  • The new study in mice and human tissue points to a strategy for inhibiting hyper-progression, potentially benefitting an estimated 10% of cancer patients who undergo this devastating complication from checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapies. (dukehealth.org)
  • Once the process and key actors were identified, the researchers sought a way to identify which patients were at risk for developing hyper-progression prior to initiating checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy. (dukehealth.org)
  • We will be testing these biomarkers for their ability to predict both disease resistance and disease hyper-progression in response to checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy in a larger cohort of melanoma patients. (dukehealth.org)
  • Hanks said his team is concurrently working with Duke colleagues, including April Salama, M.D., on a clinical trial using a therapy that inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome among patients whose tumors have developed resistance to checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapies. (dukehealth.org)
  • Despite the revolution of immunotherapy for cancer treatment in recent years, many treated patients do not respond, not mentioning some potential serious side effects associated with these treatments. (moleculardxeurope.com)
  • There is a pressing need for the discovery of prognostic and predictive biomarkers that will improve the selection of patients who will best respond to therapy and help tailor therapy regimens. (moleculardxeurope.com)
  • Are radiation and response biomarkers the missing elements for efficacious immunotherapy for glioma patients? (northwestern.edu)
  • Despite these multiple approvals, the development of clinically useful biomarkers to determine the optimal treatment for patients remains somewhat elusive. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The five immunotherapy agents that are FDA approved for the treatment of metastatic urothelial carcinoma all have similar objective response rates (ORR) - between 15 and 23% in unselected patients in the second line setting (Table 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • As part of the collaboration between Nucleai and Jefferson, the two parties will test the utility of AI-based predictive biomarkers in a real-world clinical setting and assess the clinical benefit that the novel platform could provide for cancer patients treated with immunotherapy. (appliedradiationoncology.com)
  • Previous research has identified several biomarkers to help determine which patients with hypermutated cancers benefit from ICB therapy, with one of these biomarkers being tumor mutational burden, or the number of mutations in the DNA of cancer cells. (northwestern.edu)
  • The findings demonstrate that the RSR defect gene signature is a potential biomarker for identifying patients with non-hypermutated tumor types who may benefit from ICB therapy. (northwestern.edu)
  • Although remarkable for the setting of advanced HCC, these findings congruously show that most patients eligible to receive ICI therapy will not experience an objective benefit and that predictive biomarkers of treatment response will be necessary to optimize the risk-benefit ratio of immunotherapy treatment in this setting. (oaepublish.com)
  • Findings from the study validate the effectiveness of Lunit's AI biomarker, Lunit SCOPE IO, in predicting clinical outcomes of immunotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (lunit.io)
  • Therefore, the development of an accuracy-enhanced biomarker to predict ICI response in NSCLC patients with low PD-L1 expression is highly warranted. (lunit.io)
  • To validate immune phenotyping as a complementary biomarker in NSCLC, researchers divided 518 NSCLC patients into three groups based on their tumor microenvironment: inflamed, immune-excluded, and immune-desert. (lunit.io)
  • This shows Lunit SCOPE IO's ability to supplement PD-L1 TPS as a biomarker by accurately predicting immunotherapy response for patients with low PD-L1 TPS. (lunit.io)
  • At the first virtual Immunotherapy Patient Summit, Leena Gandhi, MD, PhD, thoracic oncologist at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, discusses the latest immunotherapy options for patients with lung cancer. (thedoctorschannel.com)
  • These immunotherapy biomarkers would ultimately help risk stratify patients and optimize the timing and design of combinatorial approaches. (mayo.edu)
  • We then outline preclinical approaches that employ CAR-NK cells for GB immunotherapy, and give an overview on the ongoing clinical development of ErbB2 (HER2)-specific CAR-NK cells currently applied in a phase I clinical trial in glioblastoma patients. (frontiersin.org)
  • Finally, the cancer patients from 9 studies treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors were included to investigate the efficacy of immunotherapy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Feb. 16, 2023 Cancer immunotherapy involves using activated T cells to destroy tumors, but it doesn't work for all patients. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Updates to the NCCN Guidelines for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) for 2021 include recommendations for biomarker testing in all appropriate patients with newly diagnosed advanced lung cancer, including squamous cell lung cancer. (jnccn.org)
  • Broad, panel-based testing is strongly advised in appropriate patients with stage IV NSCLC, because it is more efficient than testing for one biomarker at a time. (jnccn.org)
  • Among patients with TLS in tumor tissues, those who received atezolizumab demonstrated the greatest overall survival benefit compared with those who received chemotherapy, according to research presented at the 2023 annual meeting of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC). (medscape.com)
  • This exploratory analysis indicates that "the presence of TLS in tumor tissues may identify a subset of patients that benefits from atezolizumab monotherapy in the PD-L1-intermediate or low population," the study authors, led by Barzin Nabet, PhD, a principal scientist with Genentech's Oncology Biomarker Development sector, explained. (medscape.com)
  • Overall, 422 of the 572 patients compromised the TLS biomarker-evaluable population. (medscape.com)
  • A Yale University study presents a new explanation for why immunotherapy only works for some cancer patients. (scitechdaily.com)
  • For instance, studies have indicated that only half of patients with highly mutated colorectal and endometrial cancers will respond to immunotherapy. (scitechdaily.com)
  • According to an analysis of a phase 2 study involving 24 patients with endometrial cancer and the immunotherapy drug pembrolizumab, the Yale team pinpoints a specific mechanism of faulty DNA repair in tumors as a key factor in determining patient outcomes. (scitechdaily.com)
  • We wanted to understand why some patients respond better than others to immunotherapy," said co-corresponding author Ryan Chow, an M.D./Ph.D. candidate working in Yale's Department of Genetics and the Systems Biology Institute. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Added Song: "The innovative use of clinical trial data can guide our understanding of how immunotherapy manipulates the immune system and ultimately improve how we treat patients. (scitechdaily.com)
  • However, the majority of patients have primary or acquired resistance to these immunotherapies. (aacrjournals.org)
  • There is a significant unmet need for predictive biomarkers that can reliably identify patients who derive a clinically meaningful response from PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. (aacrjournals.org)
  • This microRNA signature may be relevant for secondary and tertiary cancer prevention, because of its potential as a non-invasive biomarker to enable screening and monitoring of the urinary tracts of patients with aristolochic acid-associated nephropathy for cancer formation as well as recurrence. (who.int)
  • From the abstract: 'Neoadjuvant or adjuvant immunotherapy can improve outcomes in patients with resectable non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (cdc.gov)
  • However, the frequency of melanoma is increasing, particularly in lighter-skinned people, and for the minority of patients diagnosed with metastatic disease, the 5-year survival rate is 35%, although the introduction of immunotherapy has doubled the median survival time for these patients. (cdc.gov)
  • immunotherapy was associated with improved outcomes for patients with BRAF wildtype but not BRAF V600E variant brain metastases. (cdc.gov)
  • Targeted treatments for patients with specific genetic mutations, and advances in immunotherapy, represent some of the most significant developments in cancer research. (medscape.com)
  • May 15, 2023 -- Researchers have found a biomarker that provides an early indication of whether a patient is responding to chemo-immunotherapy. (scienceboard.net)
  • Cite this: TLS in Tumors May Predict Immunotherapy Benefit in NSCLC - Medscape - Nov 10, 2023. (medscape.com)
  • CHI's Second Annual "Biomarkers for Immunotherapy" will bring together biomarkers experts from industry and academia to address advances in the discovery and development of predictive and prognostic biomarkers for immunotherapy. (moleculardxeurope.com)
  • The establishment of large-scale genomic collaborative efforts along with the development of new single-cell transcriptomic techniques and multi-omics approaches have enabled characterization of the mutational and transcriptional profiles of many cancer types and helped to identify clinically actionable alterations as well as predictive and prognostic biomarkers. (cdc.gov)
  • DURHAM, N.C. - Duke Cancer Institute researchers have identified potential biomarkers that predict the likelihood for checkpoint inhibitor drugs to backfire, driving hyper-progression of melanoma cells instead of unleashing the immune system to fight them. (dukehealth.org)
  • In addition, we highlight potential biomarkers to guide treatment decisions with particular attention to those that focus on the genetic level. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Conclusions Herein we demonstrate the value of both an unbiased approach, as well as the use of peptide level data for novel biomarker identification. (bmj.com)
  • Nucleai brings a unique spatial biology perspective into precision medicine, and we are eager to apply our platform to support novel biomarker discovery, diagnostics development, and clinical decision support," Nucleai CEO Avi Veidman said in a statement. (appliedradiationoncology.com)
  • To get an understanding of the problem of using only PD-L1 positivity to identify people who may benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors, and current research on how oncologists can identify people suited for immunotherapy, see the links below. (metastatictrialtalk.org)
  • IMPassion130 Trial: Changing the Treatment Landscape in Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer The ASCO Post discusses why PD-L1 is not the perfect biomarker to determine who with metastatic breast cancer might respond well to PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors. (metastatictrialtalk.org)
  • ESMO Breast 2020: Novel Biomarkers May Predict Immunotherapy Benefit in Metastatic Breast Cancer The ASCO Post summarizes research findings that alternative biomarkers may help better identify people most likely to benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors. (metastatictrialtalk.org)
  • If high amounts of PD-L1 are found on cancer cells, immunotherapy medicines called "immune checkpoint inhibitors" may be used. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Tumors that produce high levels of PD-L1 generally respond more favorably to anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapies than do tumors with lower levels of PD-L1 (or none at all). (the-scientist.com)
  • Background Although the combination of chemotherapy with immunotherapy has led to significant improvements in the treatment of some solid tumors, metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (mPDAC) prognosis has remained largely unaffected by such approaches. (bmj.com)
  • Expert Talks Immunotherapy for TNBC Treatment Dr. Hope Rugo spoke with Oncology Nursing News about new research studying how to make tumors that are not initially responding to immunotherapy respond to it through treatment combinations. (metastatictrialtalk.org)
  • In both cases, the tumors accumulate very high levels of mutations that would be expected to make them good candidates for immunotherapy. (scitechdaily.com)
  • However, the researchers found that tumors with defective DNA repair proteins had significantly better responses to immunotherapy than those in which the production of DNA repair proteins had been silenced. (scitechdaily.com)
  • High tumor mutational burden (TMB-H) has shown promise as a biomarker in lung cancer, but the broad applicability of TMB-H as a biomarker of response across all solid tumors is unclear. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Here, we elucidate the caveats of using TMB as a biomarker with a universal threshold across all solid tumors. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Researchers suggest the characterization of tumors, before and after immunotherapy, could be a way to gain more information about certain cancers. (pharmacytimes.com)
  • Notable efforts had been made to identify predictive biomarkers within the cohorts of these and other HCC immunotherapy trials. (oaepublish.com)
  • Our data show that high bTMB is a clinically actionable biomarker for atezolizumab in NSCLC. (moleculardxeurope.com)
  • and new immunotherapy agents are recommended for advanced NSCLC without a driver oncogene. (jnccn.org)
  • A relatively new addition to the NCCN Guidelines for NSCLC is dedicated to biomarker selection. (jnccn.org)
  • The current standard for predicting responses to checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapies is through the measurement of a protein biomarker called PD-L1-one of the molecular cloaks that hide cancer cells from the immune system. (the-scientist.com)
  • In fact, studies have shown that TMB can help predict responses to US Food and Drug Administration-approved checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapies across multiple tumor types, including lung cancer , melanoma , and bladder cancer . (the-scientist.com)
  • First Immunotherapy Approved for MBC The April 2019 issue of Metastatic Trial Talk gives a good overview of the IMPassion130 study findings that led to the FDA approval of atezolizumab in 2019. (metastatictrialtalk.org)
  • Our laboratory's primary interest lies in unraveling the molecular and cellular pathogenesis of immunotoxicities with a focus on the discovery of new biomarkers for cancer immunotherapy, novel therapeutic targets for refractory irAEs, and immuno-modulation strategies to improve current therapies and develop the next generation cancer immunotherapies. (chuv.ch)
  • Computational immunogenomic approaches to predict response to cancer immunotherapies. (cdc.gov)
  • The Cancer Moonshot Immuno-Oncology Translational Network (IOTN) at age 5: Accelerating Cancer Immunotherapies. (cdc.gov)
  • In a clinical trial, a regimen of pre-surgical immunotherapy and chemotherapy followed by post-surgical immunotherapy significantly improved outcomes. (scienceboard.net)
  • The randomised, phase III CheckMate 026 trial that compared frontline nivolumab with chemotherapy has identified tumour mutation burden (TMB) as a predictive biomarker for the use of nivolumab [2]. (memoinoncology.com)
  • Dec. 16, 2022 A new study examined the combination of the common immunotherapy drug pembrolizumab (Keytruda) with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), a chemotherapy drug that targets myeloid-derived suppressor cells. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Immunotherapy has fewer side effects than cancer chemotherapy . (medlineplus.gov)
  • Much has recently been learned regarding the impact of underlying liver diseases and the liver immune microenvironment on HCC immunotherapy outcome [ 8 , 9 ] . (oaepublish.com)
  • Editorial: Biomarkers in the era of cancer immunotherapy: zooming in from the periphery to the tumor microenvironment. (bvsalud.org)
  • Immune phenotyping of tumor microenvironment is a logical biomarker for immunotherapy, but objective measurement of such would be extremely challenging," said Professor Tony Mok from the Chinese University of Hong Kong, co-senior author of the journal. (lunit.io)
  • To address the limitations of the TMB, novel biomarkers are needed that account for the immunogenic quality of tumor mutations and capture the complexity of the tumor immune microenvironment. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Pembrolizumab (Keytruda ®) Biomarkers such as tumor mutation burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) have recently been approved by FDA to identify who can be treated with pembrolizumab (Keytruda ® ), another FDA approved PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitor. (metastatictrialtalk.org)
  • Here we review approved anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 therapies and discuss future directions for combination immunotherapies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Finding the right balance is a key consideration in cancer immunotherapy approaches such as combination therapies and precision medicine. (genengnews.com)
  • Testing is recommended for the most commonly observed biomarkers, including EGFR , ALK, ROS1 , BRAF, and PD-L1 immunohistochemistry, all of which have approved targeted therapies or immunotherapies. (jnccn.org)
  • They relate to biomarkers for predicting who benefits from metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and new technology to enable powerful and focused therapies for the treatment of solid tumours. (lu.se)
  • Precision medicine in oncology involves identifying genomic alterations and other biomarkers that may predict response or resistance to therapies. (medscape.com)
  • Now we need to quantify more protein biomarkers, assess the tumor mutational landscape, and examine immune cell signatures, too. (the-scientist.com)
  • Fortunately, advances in next-generation sequencing, including the development of comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP), have enabled the discovery of new biomarkers that are more rigorous and quantitative, such as microsatellite instability (MSI) and tumor mutational burden (TMB). (the-scientist.com)
  • But in practice, immunotherapies have largely advanced either without any companion diagnostic biomarkers, or with specific, single-parameter tests that gauge PD-L1 expression, microsatellite instability, or tumor mutational burden (TMB) - all of which are recognized as capturing only some of the variability in immunotherapy response, and as such, potentially missing responders or mistakenly identifying non-responders. (genomeweb.com)
  • Download this slideset on histology-agnostic biomarkers informing cancer care with immunotherapy, including tumor mutational burden and microsatellite instability. (clinicaloptions.com)
  • Tumor Mutational Burden as a Predictor of Immunotherapy Response: Is More Always Better? (aacrjournals.org)
  • In certain cases, "high" MSI can be a predictor for response to checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy. (the-scientist.com)
  • NEW YORK - Researchers have identified new strategies for predicting response to immunotherapy, using approaches that integrate genomic and molecular signals, immune cell phenotypes, and other biological markers related to the body's anti-tumor immune response. (genomeweb.com)
  • The concept that some sort of combinatorial strategy might be necessary for more precise prediction of immunotherapy response is not new. (genomeweb.com)
  • A 10% or greater increase of the CX3CR1-positive subset in circulating CD8+ T cells from baseline was associated with response to chemo-immunotherapy after four weeks. (scienceboard.net)
  • The impact of the immune contexture on predicting response to immunotherapy, including CAR-T cells, will also be discussed. (moleculardxeurope.com)
  • Nucleai's ATOM platform analyzes pathology images using computer vision and machine learning methods to model the tumor and the immune system's spatial characteristics, creating unique and specific histological biomarkers that may predict patient response to therapy. (appliedradiationoncology.com)
  • These findings established momentum for the current study, where Heimberger and collaborators aimed to identify biomarkers in non-hypermutated cancers that are predictive of ICB response. (northwestern.edu)
  • What is required for us to get a definitive, clear biomarker for treatment response is a comprehensive biomarker that interrogates the entire system. (northwestern.edu)
  • Thus, additional biomarkers contributing to ICIs response seems also become important. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Different biomarkers predict response to different agents. (jnccn.org)
  • Reference: "Distinct mechanisms of mismatch repair deficiency delineate two modes of response to PD-1 immunotherapy in endometrial carcinoma" by Ryan D. Chow, Tai Michaels, Stefania Bellone, Tobias MP. (scitechdaily.com)
  • In a bladder cancer study, researchers found that TMB was superior to PD-L1 testing as a means of predicting and stratifying responses to an anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy. (the-scientist.com)
  • Among the most challenging questions in identifying novel biomarkers for cancer immunotherapy is the characterization of the different immunological and physiological factors modulating irAEs and responses to cancer immunotherapy. (chuv.ch)
  • 3] For sotiga/chemo, we found 12 predictive biomarkers including IGF2, CD304, and periostin (known to support immune responses). (bmj.com)
  • A couple of years later, she and her colleagues published new observations in Science Translational Medicine - the discovery of a combination of epigenetic biomarkers that can, using a blood test, predict which individuals with type 2 diabetes will benefit from the regularly prescribed medicine metformin, which of them will not respond to the treatment and which of them are highly likely to suffer side-effects. (lu.se)
  • Data was investigated for both protein and peptide biomarker with an emphasis on baseline biomarkers associated with clinical outcomes. (bmj.com)
  • While tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) are promising biomarkers for predicting ICI treatment outcomes apart from PD-L1, clinical application remains challenging as TIL quantification involves a manual evaluation process bound to practical limitations of interobserver bias and intensive labor. (lunit.io)
  • Lunit has demonstrated through several abstracts the credibility of Lunit SCOPE IO as a companion diagnostic tool to predict immunotherapy treatment outcomes," said Chan-Young Ock, Chief Medical Officer at Lunit. (lunit.io)
  • Dr. Kankeu Fonkoua aims to establish immunologic correlates of clinical outcomes, which would increase the ability to identify and validate prognostic immune signatures and biomarkers. (mayo.edu)
  • Research evaluates translating immunotherapy from trials to real world outcomes. (pharmacytimes.com)
  • Cancer research has led to insights, reagents, drugs, and clinical protocols that can improve outcomes, especially when it comes to cancer immunotherapy. (pharmacytimes.com)
  • The IOTN is focused on accelerating translation of cancer immunology research from bench to bedside and improving immunotherapy outcomes across a wide array of cancers. (cdc.gov)
  • The Promises and Challenges of Tumor Mutation Burden as an Immunotherapy Biomarker: A Perspective from the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Pathology Committee. (unil.ch)
  • Researchers unravel the sophisticated ways cancers evade treatments, including immunotherapies, designed to destroy them. (the-scientist.com)
  • Researchers from 8 immunotherapy organizations met at an Immunotherapy Summit at what is now called the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) and identified hurdles that slow down the translation of cancer immunotherapy. (pharmacytimes.com)
  • For example, researchers find that preclinical animal models have not been consistent predictors of efficacy for immunotherapy and the models do not have the genetic diversity that humans have. (pharmacytimes.com)
  • This work has led to the discovery of predictive biomarkers for checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy resistance, including a blood-based biomarker and tumor tissue-based biomarker," Hanks said. (dukehealth.org)
  • Biomarkers for early disease detection, therapeutic efficacy monitoring and outcome prediction are the key to precision medicine. (moleculardxeurope.com)
  • Since 1993, more than 15 disease-modifying immunotherapies (DMTs) have been licenced and have shown moderate efficacy in clinical trials. (gencat.cat)
  • Our findings demonstrated that SPEN mutation might strongly predict immunotherapy efficacy in pan-cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Within the last 18 months five new immunotherapies have been approved for second-line treatment of metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC) (Fig. 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The association between specific genetic mutations and immunotherapy benefits has been widely known, while such studies in pan-cancer are still limited. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In a more recent extensive biomarker analysis for the IMbrave150 trial, high expression of CD274 and intra-tumor CD8(+) cells density was associated with prolonged patient survival, while high Treg:Teff ratio and expression of HCC tumor markers, such as GPC3 and AFP, were associated with poor outcome [ 7 ] . (oaepublish.com)
  • As the authors concluded, TMB might be a relevant predictive biomarker across all lung cancers. (memoinoncology.com)
  • These scientists suggest that if cancer immunotherapy is to succeed, it must achieve a delicate balance. (genengnews.com)
  • Scientists from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and partner institutions have identified a biomarker that could potentially enable non-invasive screening and monitoring of populations at increased risk of developing urothelial cancer. (who.int)
  • This package allows the user to fit generative models of mutation from an annotated mutation dataset, and then further to produce tunable linear estimators of exome-wide biomarkers. (rdrr.io)
  • There is a continuum between resistance to immunotherapy and the development of a hyper-progressive state," said Brent Hanks , M.D., Ph.D., associate professor in the Department of Medicine at Duke University School of Medicine and senior author of the study. (dukehealth.org)
  • A key area of Dr. Kankeu Fonkoua's research endeavors is to identify mechanisms of resistance to immunotherapy. (mayo.edu)
  • Furthermore, similar to T cells, specific recognition and elimination of cancer cells by NK cells can be markedly enhanced through expression of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), which provides an opportunity to generate NK-cell therapeutics of defined specificity for cancer immunotherapy. (frontiersin.org)
  • We then provide an overview of current biomarker use and developments in the past 5 years, including gene signatures, circulating tumour cells, high-dimensional flow cytometry, single-cell RNA sequencing as well as approaches involving the microbiome, radiomics and clinical markers. (nature.com)