Chemicals and DrugsPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaInformation ScienceHealth Care
Chlorine CompoundsChloraminesChlorineOxygenDisinfectantsOxygen ConsumptionReactive Oxygen SpeciesDisinfectionOxidesMercuryPeriodicals as TopicAccess to InformationJournal Impact FactorBibliometricsPublishingPeer Review, Research
WastewaterDisinfectantSaltsPollutantsChemicalsOxidationSubstancesDisinfectionBacteriaSulphur compoundsSulfurChemicalProteinsVolatileAtoms attachedAromaticPathogensIonic compoundCovalent BondsCarbon TetrachloridePerchlorateOzoneContaminantsToxicityProcessesSodiumMagnesiumAntimonyHydrogen and oxygen2020BiochemicalPharmaceuticallyAdsorptionHeavy metalsBehaviorNutrientsWaterAtomElectronSedimentsOdourChemistrySpeciesElementalMercuryMechanicalLimitsMethylCompositions
Wastewater10
  • A) In the wastewater: oxygen-consuming substances (lignin and cellulose decomposition), dyes B) In treated sludge: organic and inorganic solids (incl. (nzdl.org)
  • 1980. Comparison of chlorine dioxide and chlorine in wastewater disinfection. (cdc.gov)
  • Due to its low cost, high availability and easy operation, chlorine has historically been the disinfectant of choice for treating wastewater. (sswm.info)
  • By Treating Wastewater with Microbes, we can make the wastewater reusable by eliminating impurities like organic, inorganic and synthetic compounds in the wastewater. (texbiosciences.com)
  • The role of microorganism in the wastewater treatment is to help in degradation of organic and inorganic waste in the effluent water. (texbiosciences.com)
  • The synthetic compounds present in wastewater can also cause an adverse effect to the aquatic species.The aquatic ecosystem is disrupted when untreated wastewaters are dumped into the water bodies. (texbiosciences.com)
  • The treatment facility uses both mechanical and biological methods to remove solids from wastewater. (fargond.gov)
  • The term BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) is the rate at which microorganisms use the oxygen in water or wastewater while stabilizing decomposable organic matter under aerobic conditions. (fargond.gov)
  • The facility uses mechanical and biological treatment to remove organic and inorganic suspended and settleable solids in the wastewater. (fargond.gov)
  • The term also refers to a method of treating wastes in which activated carbon is used to remove organic compounds from wastewater. (itrcweb.org)
Disinfectant4
  • Implemented in 2003, ozonation destroys bacteria and other microorganisms through an infusion of ozone, a strong disinfectant produced by subjecting oxygen molecules to high electrical voltages. (snwa.com)
  • Similar to chlorine, the formation of unwanted by-products is one of the problems associated with the use of ozone as a disinfectant. (sswm.info)
  • If a persistent disinfectant, such as chlorine, is added this can also act as a residual to help prevent biological regrowth during water storage or distribution in larger systems. (aquatechtrade.com)
  • The organic compounds casing true color may exert a chlorine demand thereby seriously reducing the effectiveness of chlorine as a disinfectant. (dreamcivil.com)
Salts3
  • Vapour from liquid elemental mercury and methyl mercury are both more easily absorbed than inorganic mercury salts and are therefore more toxic. (bpac.org.nz)
  • The terms perchlorates or perchlorate salts refer to the inorganic compounds that contain the perchlorate anion bonded to a positively charged group such as ammonium or an alkali or alkaline earth metal. (cdc.gov)
  • The present invention provides compounds which inhibit the activity of TRPC6, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of the invention, a method for manufacturing compounds of the invention and therapeutic uses thereof. (justia.com)
Pollutants5
  • Furthermore, the rise in industrial activities, especially those that use secondary compounds and high amounts of water in their processes, has increased the concentration in water sources of pollutants, such as metals, radioactive materials, halogenated compounds, persistent organic pollutants, and bioaccumulative and toxic chemicals, such as pesticides. (ncsu.edu)
  • Metal pollutants**: These are metallic elements or compounds that are present in the air, such as lead, mercury, arsenic, cadmium and chromium. (sbrockpond.com)
  • Organic pollutants**: These are organic compounds that are present in the air, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins and furans. (sbrockpond.com)
  • It degrades both organic and inorganic pollutants, including odour-producing agents. (sswm.info)
  • Unlike organic pollutants, heavy metal compounds degrade slowly or not at all after entering the environment. (experttoxicologist.com)
Chemicals5
  • Organic compounds: These include potential chemicals such as methyl tertiary butyl ether-the gasoline additive commonly known as MTBE -and common household compounds such as paint solvent. (snwa.com)
  • Activated coconut shell carbon bonded with silver reduces most common impurities to 99% including chlorine, chemicals, heavy metals (Lead, copper etc) & bacteria. (waterscoaustralia.com.au)
  • Some water supplies may contain disinfection by-products, inorganic chemicals, organic chemicals and radionuclides. (aquatechtrade.com)
  • A growing number of these synthetic organic compounds are being produced, including pesticides used in agriculture, plastics, synthetic fabrics, dyes, gasoline additives like MTBE, solvents like carbon tetrachloride, and many other chemicals. (carbotecnia.info)
  • The two most common methods for removing organic chemicals are filtration, the use of activated carbon or, if they exceed the standards, biological methods (bacteria that eat these elements). (carbotecnia.info)
Oxidation7
  • Sulfur compounds are chemical compounds formed the element sulfur (S). Common oxidation states of sulfur range from −2 to +6. (wikipedia.org)
  • Once in the bloodstream, mercury undergoes catalase and peroxidase-mediated oxidation in red blood cells and tissues and is transformed into inorganic mercuric mercury (Hg ++ ) and mercurous mercury (Hg + ), a process that limits its absorption [ 9 , 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The oxidation process of hydrogen peroxide with the help of sodium hypochlorite produces singlet oxygen. (vedantu.com)
  • The toxicity of this compound is because of the oxidation of membrane lipids, proteins, and DNA when it reacts with the peroxide ions. (vedantu.com)
  • Such preventive measures include proper waste disposal, monitoring of hazardous materials, conducting environmental audit periodically and intensifying health education while remediation includes stream stripping, oxygen sparging, bioremediation, chemical oxidation and thermal treatment. (scirp.org)
  • Compounds of lead are usually found in the +2 oxidation state rather than the +4 state common with lighter members of the carbon group . (wikiversity.org)
  • The oxidation of organic compounds during ozonation can occur via ozone or hydroxyl radicals or a combination of both. (scirp.org)
Substances6
  • Therefore, as pure elements are also considered as chemical substances, not all substances are compounds while all compounds are substances. (biologybard.com)
  • 2001. Threshold limit values for chemical substances and physical agents and biological exposure indices. (cdc.gov)
  • biomolecule, also called biological molecule, any of numerous substances that are produced by cells and living organisms. (scienceoxygen.com)
  • Inorganic compounds: Substances such as perchlorate , phosphates and nitrate are tracked. (snwa.com)
  • A complex chemical and atmospheric phenomenon that happens when emissions of sulfur and nitrogen compounds and other substances are transformed by chemical processes in the atmosphere (often far from the original sources), form sulfuric and nitric acids, and are deposited on earth in either a wet or dry form. (usf.edu)
  • The ozone layer helps shield life on Earth from potentially harmful ultraviolet radiation that can cause skin cancer and damage plants.The Montreal Protocol agreement beginning in 1987 regulated ozone depleting substances, such as chlorine-containing chlorofluorocarbons and bromine-containing halons. (nasa.gov)
Disinfection2
Bacteria3
  • Aerobic bacteria utilizes molecular or free oxygen to degrade or breakdown the toxic compounds and organic impurities which converts them into carbon dioxide and water. (texbiosciences.com)
  • Anaerobic bacteria does not utilize the dissolved oxygen to breakdown the organic compounds. (texbiosciences.com)
  • Airways under the synthetic media allow airflow up through the media and provide oxygen for the bacteria. (fargond.gov)
Sulphur compounds1
  • It is a product of the anaerobic decomposition of sulphur-containing organic matter, and other sulphur compounds are nearly always present with the hydrogen sulphide in these natural occurrences. (canada.ca)
Sulfur6
  • Sulfur forms stable compounds with all elements except the noble gases. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is one such compound, important in the marine organic sulfur cycle. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sulfoxides and sulfones are thioethers with one and two oxygen atoms attached to the sulfur atom, respectively. (wikipedia.org)
  • Compounds with carbon-sulfur multiple bonds are uncommon, an exception being carbon disulfide, a volatile colorless liquid that is structurally similar to carbon dioxide. (wikipedia.org)
  • Not all organic sulfur compounds smell unpleasant at all concentrations: the sulfur-containing monoterpenoid (grapefruit mercaptan) in small concentrations is the characteristic scent of grapefruit, but has a generic thiol odor at larger concentrations. (wikipedia.org)
  • Anions are designated by their elemental name being altered to end in "-ide": the anion of chlorine is called chloride, and the anion of sulfur is called sulfide, for example. (lumenlearning.com)
Chemical14
  • The biological behavior, pharmacokinetics, and clinical significance of the various forms of mercury vary according to its chemical structure [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • First Responders should use a NIOSH-certified Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear (CBRN) Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) with a Level A protective suit when entering an area with an unknown contaminant or when entering an area where the concentration of the contaminant is unknown. (cdc.gov)
  • Hydrogen peroxide is an important chemical compound that has the formula of H₂O₂. (vedantu.com)
  • Tin (IV) fluoride, also known as stannic fluoride, is a chemical compound. (mafielarp.cz)
  • Organometallic Compound is a chemical compound which contains at least one bond between a metallic element and a carbon atom belonging to an organic molecule. (scienceoxygen.com)
  • Metalloids such as silicon, tin, and boron are known to form organometallic compounds which are used in some industrial chemical reactions. (scienceoxygen.com)
  • The adverse health effects of mercury exposure depend on its chemical form (elemental, inorganic or organic), the route of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption), and the level of exposure. (bpac.org.nz)
  • Enhanced in situ reductive dechlorination (ERD) is the process of modifying chemical, physical, and biological conditions in the aquifer to stimulate the microbial degradation of contaminants under anaerobic conditions to harmless end products (e.g., carbon dioxide [CO 2 ] or ethene). (frtr.gov)
  • There are also organic compounds formed in natural chemical processes such as crude oil and coal. (carbotecnia.info)
  • If we don't limit the flow of biological and chemical contaminated water, the consequences may become hazardous for living organisms. (texbiosciences.com)
  • Additionally, Adsorption is defined as the process by which nutrients such as inorganic phosphorous adhere to particles via a loose chemical bond with the surface of clay particles. (itrcweb.org)
  • Bulk transport of the mass of discrete chemical or biological constituents by fluid flow within a receiving water. (itrcweb.org)
  • The rate or movement of chemical or biological materials within a groundwater system per unit time in response to a concentration gradient or some advective force. (itrcweb.org)
  • As heavy metals flow into water, some will undergo biological and chemical reactions. (experttoxicologist.com)
Proteins4
  • The two major components of bioinorganic chemistry are: i) the study of naturally occurring inorganic elements in bio-systems and ii) introduction of these elements as probes or drugs into biological systems and studying inorganic models that mimic the behavior of various metallo-proteins. (scienceoxygen.com)
  • There are natural compounds (sugars, proteins, alcohols, etc.) that are synthesized in living organisms' cells. (carbotecnia.info)
  • The present invention provides compounds which inhibit TRPC proteins, and more specifically inhibit TRPC6 proteins. (justia.com)
  • Proteins are biochemical compounds consisting of one or more polypeptides typically folded into a globular or fibrous form, facilitating a biological function. (absoluteastronomy.com)
Volatile3
  • It is used to remediate volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) (e.g., trichloroethylene [TCE]) and certain pesticides and other chlorinated organic contaminants. (frtr.gov)
  • An add-on control device that uses activated carbon to absorb volatile organic compounds from a gas stream. (frtr.gov)
  • A control device that oxidizes volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by using a catalyst to promote the combustion process. (frtr.gov)
Atoms attached1
  • ERD is the process through which chlorine atoms attached to an organic compound are sequentially removed under anoxic (no oxygen) conditions. (frtr.gov)
Aromatic1
  • Acyclic or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated, carbon compounds (excluding aromatic compounds). (itrcweb.org)
Pathogens1
  • Chlorine oxidizes organic matter, including microorganisms and pathogens (see also drinking water chlorination ). (sswm.info)
Ionic compound3
  • In the formation of an ionic compound, metals lose electrons and nonmetals gain electrons to achieve an octet. (lumenlearning.com)
  • Moreover, MgS is an ionic compound, so it does not involve any sharing or exchange of electrons (mechanisms that can allow magnetism). (eartheclipse.com)
  • MgCl is also an ionic compound, so there is no sharing or exchange of electrons that could allow magnetism. (eartheclipse.com)
Covalent Bonds2
  • Covalent bonds are also found in inorganic molecules like H 2 O, CO 2 , and O 2 . (lumenlearning.com)
  • The hydrogen and oxygen atoms that combine to form water molecules are bound together by covalent bonds. (lumenlearning.com)
Carbon Tetrachloride1
  • Earth's atmosphere contains an unexpectedly large amount of an ozone-depleting compound from an unknown source decades after the compound was banned worldwide.The compound, carbon tetrachloride, was used in applications such as dry cleaning and as a fire-extinguishing agent, until its regulation in 1987 under the Montreal Protocol along with other chlorofluorocarbons that destroy ozone and contribute to the ozone hole over Antarctica. (nasa.gov)
Perchlorate1
  • The terms perchlorate or perchlorate anion refer to a negatively charged group of atoms consisting of a central chlorine atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. (cdc.gov)
Ozone4
  • It consists of mainly nitrogen (78%), oxygen (21%) and argon (0.9%), as well as traces of other gases such as carbon dioxide, water vapor, ozone, methane and nitrous oxide. (sbrockpond.com)
  • Ozone is a powerful oxidant and is generated from oxygen in an energy-intensive process. (sswm.info)
  • Scientists will continue to use satellites to monitor the recovery of the ozone hole and they hope to see its full recovery before the end of the century.Research: Inorganic chlorine variability in the Antarctic vortex and implications for ozone recovery.Journal: Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, December 18, 2014.Link to paper: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2014JD022295/abstract.Here is the YouTube video. (nasa.gov)
  • The size of this year's hole was 24.1 million square kilometers (9.3 million square miles) - an area roughly the size of North America.With the increased atmospheric chlorine levels present since the 1980s, the Antarctic ozone hole forms and expands during the Southern Hemisphere spring (August and September). (nasa.gov)
Contaminants2
  • Our Microbiology Laboratory staff ensures those biological contaminants aren't present in our treated water supply. (snwa.com)
  • Application of ERD is comprised of biostimulation and sometimes bioaugmentation to modify existing geochemical and biological conditions in an aquifer to facilitate degradation of contaminants (AFCEC, NAVFAC, ESTCP, 2004). (frtr.gov)
Toxicity2
  • Toxicity of chlorine dioxide in drinking water. (cdc.gov)
  • Although there are many potential sources of exposure to mercury and its compounds, most people can be reassured that they are at low risk of mercury toxicity. (bpac.org.nz)
Processes7
  • For example, Pearls are natural gemstones but not regarded as a true mineral as they occur due to biological processes by shelled mollusks within their mantle. (biologybard.com)
  • As minerals are produced by geologic processes they are referred to as inorganic, as they are not the result of biological activity. (biologybard.com)
  • A trace element is required in only small quantities but is essential for different biological processes. (biologybard.com)
  • A biomineral does not belong to the category of true minerals as it is formed by biological activity or processes for providing structural or mechanical support. (biologybard.com)
  • They are mainly formed from incomplete combustion of organic matter or from industrial processes involving chlorine. (sbrockpond.com)
  • Pertaining to organisms or processes that occur only in the presence of oxygen. (usf.edu)
  • Pertaining to organisms or processes that occur in, or are not destroyed by, the absence of oxygen. (usf.edu)
Sodium3
  • Six elements-sodium, magnesium, potassium, calcium, chlorine, and phosphorus-are called macrominerals and provide essential ions in body fluids and form the major structural components of the body. (scienceoxygen.com)
  • In this example, sodium will donate its one electron to empty its shell, and chlorine will accept that electron to fill its shell. (lumenlearning.com)
  • Note that these transactions can normally only take place simultaneously: in order for a sodium atom to lose an electron, it must be in the presence of a suitable recipient like a chlorine atom. (lumenlearning.com)
Magnesium4
Antimony2
  • Five samples of stannic antimony silicate inorganic ion exchanger have been synthesized under different conditions of preparation. (mafielarp.cz)
  • The most widely used antimony compound is antimony trioxide which is used as a flame retardant. (experttoxicologist.com)
Hydrogen and oxygen1
  • Without the seemingly invaluable compound comprised of hydrogen and oxygen, life on the earth would be non-existent. (scirp.org)
20201
  • 2020. Inorganic arsenic methylation capacity and breast cancer by immunohistochemical subtypes in northern Mexican women. (nih.gov)
Biochemical2
  • Bioinorganic chemistry is an interdisciplinary scientific branch that examines the chemistry of inorganic entities within biological and biochemical systems. (scienceoxygen.com)
  • The study of naturally occurring inorganic elements in biochemical systems 2. (scienceoxygen.com)
Pharmaceutically1
  • The pharmaceutically active compounds are an essential part of modern human and veterinary medicine. (scirp.org)
Adsorption1
  • Due to this characteristic, adsorption with activated carbon is often one of the best options for the treatment of these organic compounds. (carbotecnia.info)
Heavy metals2
  • Heavy metals are transported as either a dissolved compound in water or as an integral part of suspended sediments. (experttoxicologist.com)
  • For example, some heavy metals can exist as both organic and inorganic compounds. (experttoxicologist.com)
Behavior1
  • Hydrogen peroxide promotes the disproportionate behavior of superoxide enzyme into hydrogen peroxide and oxygen. (vedantu.com)
Nutrients2
  • In respect to nutrients, mineral pertains to any inorganic element that can serve as a dietary source and is vital to nutrition. (biologybard.com)
  • These nutrients form an essential part of biological compounds like RNA and DNA and provide key ions. (biologybard.com)
Water16
  • When dissolved in water, hydrogen sulfide is mildly acidic: H2S ⇌ HS− + H+ Hydrogen sulfide gas and the hydrosulfide anion are extremely toxic to mammals, due to their inhibition of the oxygen-carrying capacity of hemoglobin and certain cytochromes in a manner analogous to cyanide and azide. (wikipedia.org)
  • First, oxygen relies on water to dissolve properly since fish require dissolved oxygen to survive. (safeharborfishing.com)
  • By removing solid waste products via biological filtration in the aquarium filter system or wiping off particulate matter using the aquarium siphon will help to maintain clean water. (safeharborfishing.com)
  • One of the main factors that can make tap water unsafe for fish is the presence of chlorine and chloramine. (safeharborfishing.com)
  • This compound is formed on natural catalytic action of elements that are present in water or by illumination process. (vedantu.com)
  • This then quickly gets decomposed by an enzyme catalase into water and oxygen. (vedantu.com)
  • 1986. A review of chlorine dioxide in drinking water treatment. (cdc.gov)
  • Water from Lake Mead is treated with small quantities of chlorine as it is withdrawn, to deter invasive quagga mussels , which do not impact water quality but can plug pumping equipment and pipelines. (snwa.com)
  • As the water leaves the water treatment facilities, chlorine is again added to protect it on the way to homes and businesses. (snwa.com)
  • Because it is naturally filtered, water drawn from the Las Vegas Valley groundwater aquifer is simply treated with chlorine as it enters the distribution system. (snwa.com)
  • Chlorine is still added to protect the water while it's in the distribution system. (snwa.com)
  • A significant advantage of these compounds when removing them from a water source is that they have a high affinity for activated carbon. (carbotecnia.info)
  • It has the ability to perform both heterotrophic nitrification and denitrification which maintains the dissolved oxygen level in the water. (texbiosciences.com)
  • Further, the decaying of organic matter and debris can reduce the dissolved oxygen in water bodies, so aquatic biota can't endure. (texbiosciences.com)
  • Chlorine is the most commonly used oxidizer in water treatment plants around the world. (scirp.org)
  • Large amounts of algae can affect water quality by lowering the level of dissolved oxygen in the water. (usf.edu)
Atom1
  • Compound consisting of one carbon atom ad four chlorine atoms, once widely used as a industrial raw material, as a solvent, and in the production of CFCs. (frtr.gov)
Electron2
  • Again, it is more energy-efficient for chlorine to gain one electron than to lose seven. (lumenlearning.com)
  • In this reaction, chlorinated compounds serve as the terminal electron acceptor, and hydrogen (sometimes acetate as well) serves as the electron donor. (frtr.gov)
Sediments1
Odour1
  • Activated carbon adsorbers not only remove a variety of organic and inorganic compounds, they also eliminate taste and odour. (sswm.info)
Chemistry4
  • 1985. The chemistry of oxo-chlorine compounds relevant to chlorine dioxide generation. (cdc.gov)
  • Organometallic (OM) chemistry is the study of compounds containing, and reactions involving, metal-carbon bonds. (scienceoxygen.com)
  • The discipline combines expertise from chemistry, especially synthetic organic chemistry, pharmacology, and other biological sciences. (scienceoxygen.com)
  • The science of chemistry involves a study of these elements and of the compounds that are formed when different elements combine. (britannica.com)
Species2
Elemental1
Mercury1
  • Inorganic mercury has low lipophilicity and thus has a limited ability to cross cell membranes [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
Mechanical1
  • Provide oxygen, and/or mechanical ventilation with positive end expiratory pressure to maintain oxygenation, if needed. (cdc.gov)
Limits1
  • The following table shows, according to NOM-127-SSA1-2021, the maximum permissible limits of organic compounds reported in the standard. (carbotecnia.info)
Methyl1
  • On the other hand, the compound (V) was prepared synthetically as follows: Methyl 6-aminoveratrate and butyric anhydride gave methyl 6-(N-butyrylamino) veratrate (X), m.p. 107.5-108.5°, which, when treated with Na in toluene, afforded 6, 7. (go.jp)
Compositions1
  • Chlorine dioxide skin medicating compositions for preventing irritation. (cdc.gov)