Biological alveolar respiratory system. Medical search. Frequent questions

Alveolar macrophages (AM) were isolated by bronchial alveolar lavage (BAL). (cdc.gov)
Most respiratory coronaviruses infect the upper respiratory system, but his research has shown that they can also infect white blood cells that reside in the lung, alveolar macrophages. (jbu.edu)
Viruses then travel to the alveoli and infect type 2 pneumocytes which, in the youthful system (lower left), are recognized by alveolar macrophages (AMs) or dendritic cells (not pictured) that release cytokines and present antigens to T cells and other adaptive immune cells. (aging-us.com)
PRRSV challenge experiments in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) isolated from the CD163-R561A pigs showed significantly lower susceptibility to PRRSV than that of CD163-R561 PAMs. (chinaagrisci.com)
Precision engineering for PRRSV resistance in pigs: Macrophages from genome edited pigs lacking CD163 SRCR5 domain are fully resistant to both PRRSV genotypes while maintaining biological function. (chinaagrisci.com)
The most important means of removal of insoluble asbestos particles deposited in the alveoli involves alveolar macrophages. (cdc.gov)
In some cases, insoluble particles are not easily cleared from the alveoli by alveolar macrophages. (cdc.gov)
Under "overload" conditions so many particles are inhaled that they overwhelm the ability of alveolar macrophages to clear them from the alveoli. (cdc.gov)
Alveolar macrophages attempting to engulf inhaled fibers release cytokines and growth factors that stimulate inflammation, oxidative injury, collagen deposition, and ultimately fibrosis. (msdmanuals.com)

Coronaviruses infect vertebrates and may cause acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with high morbidity and mortality rates, depending on species [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
This can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), characterized by a loss of beneficial lung surfactant and an increase in oxidative stress and inflammation [ 9 , 10 ] ( Figure 1 ). (aging-us.com)
Severe failure in gas exchange due to a breakdown in the alveolar-capillary barrier and pulmonary edema characterizes both acute lung injury (ALI) and its more severe variant, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). (healthandhydrogen.com)
a serious, lethal disease with hypoxia possibly, 'ground cup' infiltrates in the lung, and (S,R,S)-AHPC hydrochloride development to severe respiratory distress symptoms (ARDS) with high viral insert (Fig. 1 ) [2]. (rawveronica.com)
One of many top features of ARDS may be the cytokine surprise - an uncontrolled systemic inflammatory response caused by the discharge of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by immune system effector cells [5]. (rawveronica.com)
The ensuing cytokine surprise sets off a violent inflammatory immune system response that plays a part in ARDS, multiple body organ failure, and loss of life in serious situations of SARS-CoV-2 an infection finally, comparable to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV attacks [5]. (rawveronica.com)
Lung injury (LI) is commonly involved in 15%~60% of severe AP, and severe LI is likely to trigger acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and respiratory failure (RF). (hindawi.com)
The clinical presentation of Acute Respiratory Distress (ARDS) is marked by disruptions to the alveolar-capillary complex mediated by inflammation, interalveolar edema primarily caused by protein-rich fluids influx, reduced alveolar clearance, and increased pulmonary resistance. (ceufast.com)
The different mediators responsible for Diffuse Alveolar Damage (DAD), the hallmark of ARDS, will also be discussed based on available clinical evidence. (ceufast.com)
To better explain the symptoms and presentations of the condition, the term acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was coined as descriptive medical terminology for the type of respiratory distress. (ceufast.com)
The virus primarily infects the respiratory tract, resulting in pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and other fatal complications, including acute kidney injury, coagulation dysfunction and shock, according to a published report ( 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

From there, it spreads to the mucous membranes of the throat and bronchial tubes, eventually entering the lungs where it infects type 2 alveolar epithelial cells called pneumocytes. (aging-us.com)
The SARS-CoV-2 virus binds to ACE2 enzymes on airway epithelial cells in the upper respiratory tract where they are endocytosed and replicated (top left), alerting the immune system. (aging-us.com)
The PDMS membrane acts as a scaffold, with human alveolar epithelial cells cultured on the top and pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells cultured on the bottom. (creative-biolabs.com)

SARS-CoV-2, which is the seventh known coronavirus that infects humans, enters the respiratory system through the upper respiratory tract and eventually infects alveolar cells [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
In contrast, the particles of inhaled cocaine salt are relatively large, are deposited on the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract and absorption is not much more rapid than after swallowing the drug. (druglibrary.net)
Wide fibers (diameter greater than 2 to 5 microns) tend to be deposited in the upper respiratory tract and cleared. (cdc.gov)

The amount of a gas taken up, by the pulmonary capillary blood from the alveolar gas, per minute per unit of average pressure of the gradient of the gas across the BLOOD-AIR BARRIER. (umassmed.edu)
The present document integrates and consolidates the recommendations of the current American Thoracic Society (ATS)/European Respiratory Society Task Force on pulmonary function standards, and the recommendations from an earlier National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) workshop convened by the ATS. (ersjournals.com)
Nocardiosis has also been associated with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases, and interleukin 12 deficiency. (medscape.com)
The primary disease occurs in the pulmonary system and may mimic tuberculous, staphylococcal, or mycotic infections. (medscape.com)
Introduction of N asteroides via the respiratory tract results in pulmonary lesions that most often manifest as multiple abscesses. (medscape.com)
Despite not having a standardized measurement parameter, the excess of neutrophil extracellular traps corresponds conception, manuscript to the severity of tissue damage observed in patients with respiratory tract infections, revealing the important prognostic role design, literature search, data of the neutrophil response and NETosis process in pulmonary infectious diseases. (bvsalud.org)

Inhaled uranium deposits in the various portions of the respiratory tract and the lungs based on particle size ( i.e. , larger particle size deposited higher in respiratory tract). (cdc.gov)
Once in the lungs, inhaled air enters the alveoli , tiny sacs made of thin membranes surrounded by capillaries of the circulatory system. (databasefootball.com)
The major organs of the respiratory system are the lungs, trachea, bronchi and diaphragm. (samodelcin.ru)
The human respiratory system consists of the lungs and other organs. (samodelcin.ru)
The structures of the lower respiratory system include the trachea, through the lungs and. (samodelcin.ru)
The Lungs Are the Essential Organs of the Respiratory System. (samodelcin.ru)
The lungs are the major organ that are responsible for exchanging gases with the rest of the circulatory system and the surrounding environment. (healthandhydrogen.com)
Injuries to the lungs, including respiratory and lung disorders, are frequently the result of either short-term or prolonged contact to these hazardous compounds. (healthandhydrogen.com)
The lungs offer an enormous absorptive surface area, the highly permeable membrane in the alveolar region being of particular interest for systemic delivery. (ondrugdelivery.com)
Through this, they found that high glucose levels provide the ideal conditions for the virus to bypass the initial defense of the body, in which the virus enters the respiratory system and battles the immune system in the lungs. (iflscience.com)
Higher glucose resulted in the destruction of antiviral defenses in the lungs, while it also downregulates the immune system and causes a cytokine storm, which floods the infection site with immune cells. (iflscience.com)
Some asbestos fibers deposited in alveoli make their way to the lymphatic system of the lungs, which helps clears fibers from the lungs [Dodson et al. (cdc.gov)

FBP DPIs enable the delivery of an API for either local effect to treat respiratory diseases or for systemic indications, acting as a needle-free delivery system suitable for APIs ranging from small molecules to peptides and proteins. (ondrugdelivery.com)
Respiratory diseases account for five of the 30 most common causes of death - clearly there are still unmet needs. (ondrugdelivery.com)
The endorsement of melatonin as a possible protective agent against the current pandemic is indirectly supported by its widely demonstrated beneficial role in preclinical and clinical studies of other respiratory diseases. (encyclopedia.pub)
6. The chronic effects of cannabis use on health Cellular and immunological effects The possible effects of chronic cannabis use on cellular processes and the immune system are considered together because both effects may influence a cannabis user's susceptibility to diseases. (druglibrary.org)
If cannabis use affects cellular processes then users may be at increased risk of developing various types of cancer, and if it affects the immune system then cannabis users may be at increased risk of contracting infectious diseases and developing cancer. (druglibrary.org)
Abstract Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is recognized as one of the most infectious viral diseases of swine. (chinaagrisci.com)
The discovery of misregulated miRNAs not only broadened our biological understanding of these diseases but also provided a new class of markers. (hindawi.com)
extracellular traps as prognostic markers in respiratory tract infectious diseases. (bvsalud.org)
NET) as a prognostic marker in respiratory isms, including phagocytosis, degranulation2, tract infectious diseases. (bvsalud.org)
Overview of Interstitial Lung Disease Interstitial lung diseases are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by alveolar septal thickening, fibroblast proliferation, collagen deposition, and, if the process remains unchecked. (msdmanuals.com)

She works on membrane biophysics, including protein-lipid interactions, Alzheimer's disease and respiratory distress syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
Oxygen in the inhaled air diffuses across the alveolar membrane into the capillaries of the circulatory system and into the blood. (databasefootball.com)
so small that they are carried by the inspired air to the depths of the lung where the drug can be instantaneously absorbed across the alveolar membrane. (druglibrary.net)

Through this mechanism, the virus infects the alveolar, esophageal epithelial, ileum, colon and other cells on which ACE2 is highly expressed, causing damage to target organs. (spandidos-publications.com)

Highly pathogenic coronaviruses cause severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) (SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) (MERS-CoV) in humans. (hindawi.com)
Coronaviruses (CoVs) that cause severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), such as SARS-CoV/SARS-CoV-2, and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), such as MERS-CoV, are members of a large family of enveloped, single-stranded, positive-strand RNA viruses. (hindawi.com)
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was identified in late 2019 in Wuhan, China, as the cause of what is now termed the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that rapidly evolved into a global pandemic ( 1 , 2 ). (medrxiv.org)
Severe COVID-19 commonly requires hospitalization and intensive care with assisted respiratory support, and subsequent respiratory failure is the most common reason for COVID-19 associated mortality ( 4 ). (medrxiv.org)
A dysregulated pro- and anti-inflammatory immunomodulatory response drives much of the severe pathophysiology of COVID-19 and comprises alveolar damage, lung inflammation and pathology of an acute respiratory distress syndrome ( 1 , 2 ) ,( 5 , 6 ) . (medrxiv.org)
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is responsible for the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) originated in Wuhan, China, in late 2019 [ 1 ]. (aging-us.com)
To date, studies addressing the incidence of asthma after bronchiolitis severe enough to warrant hospitalization have focused almost exclusively on RSV, but a number of recent studies suggest that other respiratory pathogens, including RV, may contribute as well. (atsjournals.org)
The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is not an exception, and therefore the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, like any other invading microbe, enacts a generalized immune response once the virus contacts the body. (encyclopedia.pub)
The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARC-CoV-2) has a plethora of presentations, drifting from asymptomatic to a severe state of the disease, with a wide variety of symptoms [ 2 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
First case clinical study records described the development of severe or mild respiratory distress in patients with severe pancreatitis, sepsis, nonthoracic injuries, massive transfusion, and other conditions. (ceufast.com)
Recently, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (CoV) 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2)‑causing CoV disease 2019 (COVID‑19) emerged in China and has become a global pandemic. (spandidos-publications.com)
The virus was first officially named the 2019 novel coronavirus (nCoV) by the World Health Organization (WHO) and subsequently termed 'severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV 2 (SARS-CoV-2)' by The International Committee on Nomenclature of Viruses. (spandidos-publications.com)

No studies were located in humans or animals regarding the effects on the respiratory, hematological, musculoskeletal, hepatic, renal, and dermal/ocular systems after inhalation exposure to thallium. (cdc.gov)
DPIs are the preferred choice for high-tech biological inhalation formulations, have a low carbon footprint and are likely the most sustainable choice on the market today - they are reusable, require less packaging and fewer components, and use no pressurised propellants to dispose of. (ondrugdelivery.com)
Biological responses to asbestos inhalation and pathogenesis of asbestos-related benign and malignant disease. (msdmanuals.com)

Ineffective clearance of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the aged respiratory system. (aging-us.com)
The circulatory system is closely related to the lymphatic system, which functions to fight infection and reintegrate plasma into the blood. (databasefootball.com)
This breathing chip system can be used to study lung inflammation/infection responses at the organ level and explore lung nanotoxicity. (creative-biolabs.com)
Clinical features of lung transplantation-related pathology can range from an absence of symptoms to signs and symptoms of respiratory distress and/or infection and are not detailed in this article. (medscape.com)
DNA, which are released from the contents monia AND neutrophil extracellular traps, of neutrophils as a defense mechanism to respiratory tract infection AND neutrophil trap and destroy microorganisms1. (bvsalud.org)

She looks to control biomembranes that can mimic real-life systems to understand Alzheimer's disease and respiratory distress syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
A lack of surfactant in premature infants can result in infant respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). (wikipedia.org)
In the clinic, COVID-19 patients most commonly present with fever, cough and dyspnea, and from there the disease can progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome, lung consolidation, cytokine release syndrome, endotheliitis, coagulopathy, multiple organ failure and death. (aging-us.com)
Bouts of respiratory distress were reported in many patients during inpatient admissions and, sometimes, a few hours or days after discharge. (ceufast.com)

Viral infections are important causes of asthma exacerbations in children, and lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs), caused by viruses such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and rhinovirus (RV), are a leading cause of bronchiolitis in infants. (atsjournals.org)

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) is still threatening the human life and society throughout the world. (techscience.com)

For example, simple explanations for the impact of age that are based solely on co-morbidities or on a general lack of resilience in aging, for example, fail to explain why the immune system often reacts uncontrollably. (aging-us.com)
6.2 Immunological effects The possibility that cannabis reduces immune system function is important for several reasons. (druglibrary.org)
There are a number of difficulties in deciding whether cannabis impairs the functioning of the immune system. (druglibrary.org)
Special interests include the ability for nanoparticle geometry and surface properties to interfere with the human immune system and bloodstream. (swansea.ac.uk)
The transplantation of a "foreign" organ, despite meticulous matching for donor-recipient compatibility, leads to a complex adaptive and innate immune system-mediated injury. (medscape.com)

The Human Respiratory System - explore anatomy of the upper and lower. (samodelcin.ru)
For breathing and sustenance of life human respiratory system is vibrant and compulsory. (samodelcin.ru)
Revise how the human respiratory system is adapted to allow air to pass in and out of the body, and for efficient gas exchange to happen. (samodelcin.ru)

Such a system can be employed under A-BSL2 containment instead of A-BSL3 that is required to study coronaviruses infectious for humans. (hindawi.com)
Mouse coronaviruses, also known as mouse hepatitis viruses (MHVs), are histologically classified as respiratory strains such as MHV-1, MHV-2, MHV-3, MHV-A59, and MHV-JHM as well as enterophilic strains such as MHV-y and MHV-R1. (hindawi.com)
The respiratory strain MHV-A59 used here, as well as SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, are β -coronaviruses. (hindawi.com)
By studying other SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronaviruses, it is hypothesized that patients with COVID‑19 may lack sufficient antiviral T‑cell responses, which consequently present with innate immune response disorders. (spandidos-publications.com)

The organs of the lower respiratory tract are located in the chest cavity. (samodelcin.ru)

The NHLBI workshop participants, who were experts with considerable adult and paediatric experience, published their input in the form of background papers in the European Respiratory Journal between 1995 and 1999 2 - 12 . (ersjournals.com)

Considering the potential role of miR-127 in the vital biological process of inflammation, we hypothesized that miR-127 may serve as a marker of AP with LI. (hindawi.com)

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus entry into the porcine macrophage. (chinaagrisci.com)

The primary components of the circulatory system are the heart, blood, and blood vessels such as arteries, veins, and capillaries. (databasefootball.com)

Many patients with confirmed COVID-19 have developed fever and/or symptoms of acute respiratory illness (e.g., fever, cough, difficulty breathing). (cdc.gov)

alveolar-capillary diffusion of gases Transport of O2 in the blood. (uninsubria.eu)

If it can win and gain access to the alveolar cells, it can begin replicating rapidly and cause far more damage than if it falls at the first hurdle. (iflscience.com)
The viability of PDL cells relies on three critical factors: the duration of extra-alveolar time, preservation of the root and storage media of the tooth, all of which determine the prognosis for dental replantation 2-5 . (bvsalud.org)

Eosinophilic pneumonia (EP) is a diffuse infiltrative lung disease characterised by alveolar and peripheral airway eosinophilia 1 - 4 . (ersjournals.com)

Whether these comorbidities contribute specifically to SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis or whether they are primarily indicators of biological age remains an open question. (aging-us.com)
could play a key role in the pathogenesis of respiratory tract infections. (bvsalud.org)

SARS-CoV-2 was identified in China towards the end of 2019 when a cluster of acute respiratory tract infections occurred in the Hubei providence. (biomedcentral.com)

be sororities физика мдп структур учеб пособие from acquisition if they have a overstretching or alveolar disorders within 10 requirements of Designing used to company with SARS. (praxis-dr-schied.de)

Patients contaminated with COVID-19 demonstrated higher leukocyte quantities, abnormal respiratory results, and increased degrees of plasma pro-inflammatory cytokines [4] (Fig. 2 (S,R,S)-AHPC hydrochloride ) [7]. (rawveronica.com)
Although the roles of cytokines and chemokines in respiratory complications of AP were proposed by extensive studies in the last two decades, the definite mechanism is yet to be fully elucidated [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)

1999 David and Lucile Packard Foundation Fellow 2001 Margaret Oakley Dayhoff Award 2007 University of Chicago Llewellyn John and Harriet Manchester Quantrell Award for Excellence in Undergraduate Teaching 2009 American Physical Society Fellow 2009 American Chemical Society Astella USA Foundation Award 2013 American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering Fellow 2013 University of Chicago Arthur L. Kelly Faculty Prize 2013 Phi Beta Kappa Fellow Pinna, Matthew (September 2, 2020). (wikipedia.org)
Other smaller fibers are deposited further down in the lung, especially in the bifurcations of the tracheobronchial tree, and some are deposited in the alveolar sacs [Broaddus 2001]. (cdc.gov)

There was a significant correlation in lung responses with charge-based size distribution, total/alveolar deposition, oxidant generation and antioxidant depletion potential. (cdc.gov)

COVID-19 is an acute respiratory disease originally from China that emerged in December 2019 and quickly spread around the world, affecting 230,418.415 people, and causing 4,724,876 deaths. (bvsalud.org)
COVID-19 is an acute respiratory disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 that has spread rapidly around the world, originating in Hubei Province, Wuhan, China, in December 2019. (bvsalud.org)

The respiratory system refers to the collection of organs that facilitate gas exchange in animals and plants. (databasefootball.com)

Inflammatory resorption and replacement resorption along with dental alveolar ankylosis are the most signiûcant and common complications after replantation of avulsed teeth 2-3 . (bvsalud.org)

In addition to providing oxygen to the body, the circulatory system works as a sort of highway for hormones and other messenger chemicals of the endocrine system. (databasefootball.com)

The term " organ " refers to specialized collections of biological tissue that perform similar functions. (databasefootball.com)
Actually, the term "organ" refers to any specialized tissue that serves a particular function, so things like skin, muscles, and the skeleton count as organs that are part of organ systems. (databasefootball.com)
To acquire a comprehensive understanding of the biological functions of the matrisome and its components, including proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), in GBM tumorigenesis, and to identify potential biomarker candidates, we studied the alterations of GAGs, including heparan sulfate (HS) and chondroitin sulfate (CS), the core proteins of proteoglycans, and other glycosylated matrisomal proteins in GBM subtypes vs. control human brain tissue samples. (bu.edu)
Organ-on-a-chip not only has the characteristics of miniaturization, integration and low consumption of microfluidic technology, but also can accurately control multiple system parameters such as chemical concentration gradient and fluid shear force, and can also build cell graphics culture and realize the tissue-tissue and organ-organ interface interaction, so as to truly simulate the complex structure, microenvironment and physiological functions of human organs. (creative-biolabs.com)

Students, at the end of the course, will have acquired basic knowledge of the functioning of organs and systems that will enable them to be able to develop a critical reasoning on the operation of the various organ systems individually and will reach an overview on how the various systems work together to maintain general homeostasis of the organism and in the management of the voluntary and reflex bheaviour. (uninsubria.eu)
According to the classical theory of biological organization, organ systems occupy the second-highest level of the organizational hierarchy, above that of the individual organs and below that of the whole organism. (databasefootball.com)
The respiratory system is a biological system consisting of specific organs and structures used for the process of respiration in an organism. (samodelcin.ru)

Animals like humans have a number of different organ systems that each perform a function vital to life, such as the respiratory system, the circulatory system, and the nervous system. (databasefootball.com)
We now have studies being conducted for indications in infectious disease, the central nervous system and cardiology areas. (ondrugdelivery.com)
Fig.1 Illustration of the diverse microfluidic devices used to study biological processes occurring in vascular, respiratory, nervous, digestive and excretory systems. (creative-biolabs.com)

Soluble uranium dissolves and is absorbed into the circulatory system more rapidly than insoluble forms. (cdc.gov)
The most obvious example of an organ system is the heart and the surrounding circulatory system. (databasefootball.com)
The circulatory system functions primarily to circulate blood to the various parts of the body. (databasefootball.com)
Humans have a closed circulatory system , meaning that their blood never leaves its network vessels, unlike the circulatory system of insects or mollusks. (databasefootball.com)
Also, the circulatory system serves to keep the body warm as the circulation of blood circulates heat to the body. (databasefootball.com)

The digestive system serves mainly to break down consumed food into nutrients for the body to absorb. (databasefootball.com)
The main organs implicated in the digestive system are the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. (databasefootball.com)

[ 5 ] and Nocardia africana, from respiratory secretions of patients with pneumonia in the Sudan. (medscape.com)

The renal involvement does not occur only for an exclusive reason, but as a set of factors surrounding the corse of the desease and the biological profil of the patient. (bvsalud.org)

Urine has been found to be a useful biological fluid for monitoring the endogenous release of inflammatory mediators. (ersjournals.com)

A challenge has been in determining if carbon nanotube materials used in the workplace have the same characteristics as those associated with biological responses in laboratory studies. (cdc.gov)

As a consequence of this, it has the potential to be an effective and risk-free antioxidant for respiratory illnesses. (healthandhydrogen.com)

Here's detailed anatomy of respiratory system, what organs are involved and how they function together. (samodelcin.ru)

Testing for other causes of respiratory illness (e.g., influenza) is strongly encouraged, see Information for Clinicians on Influenza Virus Testing . (cdc.gov)

This associated decrease may be due to biological factors in susceptible humans, environmental factors affecting SARS-CoV-2 and its transmission dynamics, or perhaps a combination of both. (biomedcentral.com)

The thing that makes nanoparticles so interesting for applications is that materials in nanosize have properties (optical, chemical, magnetic, biological, electrical, and mechanical) that are completely different from the properties of the same material in bulk. (lu.se)

The most important means of removal of insoluble asbestos particles deposited in respiratory tract airways is by mucociliary clearance. (cdc.gov)

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