Chemicals and Drugs
ApatitesCalcium Phosphates
Primary use of apatiteCrystalsLaser ablationDepositionCat's-eyeCarbonateCrystallineBiomimeticFluorideMineralsOresHydroxylTissuesFissionNephelineIonsPhosphateBoneHydroxyapatiteCollagenIgneousFluorapatiteOxidesTeethGemstoneMohsSedimentsMarbleAcidChemicalBiomedicalCalciumEnamelFoundCrystalTitaniumShapeFormsCopperThermalMaterialsFormCharacteristicsCellsGrowthPotentialPresentCanadaDataTime
Primary use of apatite2
  • The primary use of apatite is as a source of phosphate in the manufacture of fertilizer and in other industrial uses. (wikipedia.org)
  • The primary use of apatite is in the manufacture of fertilizer. (russian-gems.com)
Crystals6
  • In some cases, crystals of apatite have been cut and used as gems. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • It should be noted that phosphate, arsenate, and vanadate minerals with similar crystalline structures (hexagonal or pseudohexagonal monoclinic crystals) are known as the Apatite Group. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • If crystals of rutile have grown in the crystal of apatite, in the right light the cut stone displays a cat's-eye effect. (wikipedia.org)
  • Apatite crystals occur in both the gap and overlap zones at early stages of mineralization in an asymmetric pattern that corresponds to the polarity, N- to C- orientation, of the collagen molecule. (mcmaster.ca)
  • Though the apatite coating is invisible to the naked eye, through a scanning electron microscope the apatite forms a forest of tiny protective crystals on top of the marble. (princeton.edu)
  • These materials consist of mineral networks in which organic polymers are intimately dispersed by nucleation and growth of apatite crystals from a mother liquor containing the organic substances. (northwestern.edu)
Laser ablation1
  • However, unlike otoliths that are predominantly aragonite, these tissues are comprised of biological apatite, complicating their analysis using laser-ablation. (ogfishlab.com)
Deposition4
  • Based on comparisons with computer-generated models of known amino acid sequence of collagen, it was determined for early stages of mineral deposition that apatite is restricted by areas of high hydrophobicity. (mcmaster.ca)
  • After the deposition of apatite by the biomimetic method in SBF-0 and 6, the coating showed a molar ratio of Ca/P of approximately 1.0, characterizing the formation of poor crystallinity apatites. (bvsalud.org)
  • Conclusion: The combination of laser irradiation and chemical deposition of apatites by the biomimetic method in SBF-6, although performing better in terms of bioactivity and topography of alloys, the mass gain was not statistically significant at the 5% level. (bvsalud.org)
  • Compared with the sheet HA coating, the acicular structure coating is dense and uniform, providing more contact area with the surrounding fluid and therefore more suitable for apatite deposition. (energy-ti.com)
Cat's-eye5
  • Chatoyant stones are known as cat's-eye apatite, transparent green stones are known as asparagus stone, and blue stones have been called moroxite. (wikipedia.org)
  • This Apatite Cat's Eye is natural gemstone which is GreenishYellow colour, it's Originates from India and its exact weight is 4.23ct the measurements are 10.60×7.74×5.84mm, the shape and cut of this stone is Oval Cabochon. (gemfame.com)
  • This 4.23ct Greenish Yellow Natural Apatite Cat's Eye Gem is available for ready to ship anywhere in the world. (gemfame.com)
  • Cat's eye apatite stones are typically untreated gems. (gemfame.com)
  • Cat's eye apatite may also be cut into round cabochons or pear-shaped cabochons, but these are quite rare. (gemfame.com)
Carbonate4
  • A relatively unique form of apatite-in which most OH groups are absent and containing many carbonate and acid phosphate substitutions-is a large component of bone material. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Coarsely crystalline apatite is usually restricted to pegmatites, gneiss derived from sediments rich in carbonate minerals, skarns, or marble. (wikipedia.org)
  • They were found alongside graphite and the minerals apatite and carbonate, which are found in biological matter including bones and teeth and are frequently associated with fossils. (ens-newswire.com)
  • Isomorphic Substitutions in the Carbonate-Bearing Apatite-(CaF) Crystal Structure. (mpg.de)
Crystalline1
  • Indeed, biological apatite is a poorly crystalline, non-stoichiometric carbonated hydroxyapatite. (qmul.ac.uk)
Biomimetic3
  • To investigate the methods to improve the cell-material interaction of devices or tissue engineering scaffolds made of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) polymer, apatite and apatite/collagen composite coatings were formed on PLLA films within 24 h through accelerated biomimetic processes. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • In vitro investigation using Saos-2 osteoblast-like cells through cell culture was conducted to assess the biological performance of these biomimetic coatings. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • The results obtained indicated that the biomimetic apatite and apatite/collagen composite coatings could significantly enhance the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast-like cells. (manchester.ac.uk)
Fluoride2
  • Fluoridated water allows exchange in the teeth of fluoride ions for hydroxyl groups in apatite. (wikipedia.org)
  • During digestion of apatite with sulfuric acid to make phosphoric acid, hydrogen fluoride is produced as a byproduct from any fluorapatite content. (wikipedia.org)
Minerals5
  • Apatite is the name given to a group of phosphate minerals, usually referring to hydroxylapatite (or hydroxyapatite ), fluoroapatite (or fluorapatite ), and chloroapatite (or chlorapatite ). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • The name apatite is derived from a Greek word that means "to deceive," because it appears similar to other minerals, particularly olivine , beryl , and peridot. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Apatite is one of few minerals that are produced and used by biological systems. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Apatite is often mistaken for other minerals. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a particular kind of calcium phosphate, which belongs to the apatite group of minerals. (lamberti.com)
Ores1
  • This is preferable to traditional rare-earth ores such as monazite, as apatite is not very radioactive and does not pose an environmental hazard in mine tailings. (wikipedia.org)
Hydroxyl1
Tissues2
  • Non‐traditional isotope systems, such as alkaline earth (Ca, Mg) and transition (Cu, Fe, Zn) metals are now being measured in a variety of biological tissues, including bone and teeth. (palass.org)
  • Apatite-Gelatine-Nanocomposites - Analogues of Biological Hard Tissues. (mpg.de)
Fission2
  • Geologists have used a radiometric dating technique (known as fission track dating) with natural deposits of apatite to get a sense of historical changes in temperature in mountain-forming belts and sedimentary basins. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Fission tracks in apatite are commonly used to determine the thermal histories of orogenic belts and of sediments in sedimentary basins. (wikipedia.org)
Nepheline1
  • Economic quantities of apatite are also sometimes found in nepheline syenite or in carbonatites. (wikipedia.org)
Ions1
  • These three forms of apatite are not readily distinguishable, as each specimen usually contains all three types of ions. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Phosphate3
  • Apatite is very common as an accessory mineral in igneous and metamorphic rocks, where it is the most common phosphate mineral. (wikipedia.org)
  • Phosphorite is a phosphate-rich sedimentary rock containing as much as 80% apatite, which is present as cryptocrystalline masses referred to as collophane. (wikipedia.org)
  • The composition, crystallinity and particle size of synthetic calcium phosphate bioceramics directly affect their biological, mechanical and thermal performance. (qmul.ac.uk)
Bone2
  • In particular, hydroxylapatite is the main constituent of tooth enamel, and a special form of apatite is found in bone . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Thus, for augmenting large and more complex bone deficiencies Bond Apatite, a composite graft formulation, is indicated. (allenpress.com)
Hydroxyapatite1
  • Halloysite nanotubes/hydroxyapatite nanocomposites as hard tissue substitutes: effect on the morphology, thermomechanical behavior and biological development of aliphatic polyesters and polymethacrylates" [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. (upv.es)
Collagen3
  • We have determined the localization of apatite within type I collagen fibrils of calcifying turkey leg tendons by both bright field and selected-area dark field (SADF) electron microscopy and have compared this to computer-modeled, chick type I collagen amino acid sequence data. (mcmaster.ca)
  • PLLA film, PLLA film with the apatite coating, and PLLA film with the apatite/collagen composite coating, was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). (manchester.ac.uk)
  • The apatite/collagen composite coating appears to be promising for the surface modification of PLLA-based devices with much improved interactions with osteoblastic cells. (manchester.ac.uk)
Igneous1
  • Apatite is distributed widely in igneous , metamorphic , and sedimentary rocks, often in the form of cryptocrystalline fragments. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Fluorapatite1
  • The mineral was named apatite by the German geologist Abraham Gottlob Werner in 1786, although the specific mineral he had described was reclassified as fluorapatite in 1860 by the German mineralogist Karl Friedrich August Rammelsberg. (wikipedia.org)
Oxides1
  • Due to their large surface area and ability to interact with proteins and peptides, graphene oxides offer valuable physiochemical and biological features for biomedical applications and have been successfully employed for optimizing scaffold architectures for a wide range of organs, from the skin to cardiac tissue. (mdpi.com)
Teeth1
  • In biological systems it represents the main inorganic component of bones and teeth. (lamberti.com)
Gemstone1
Mohs2
  • Apatite has a hardness of 5 on the Mohs scale , and its specific gravity is between 3.1 and 3.2. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Apatite is the defining mineral for 5 on the Mohs scale. (wikipedia.org)
Sediments2
  • In-situ amendment of apatite and chitin offers a great bioremediation potential for marine sediments contaminated with heavy metals. (stroudcenter.org)
  • The researchers looked at the ways the tubes and filaments of haematite - a form of iron oxide or rust - could have been made through non-biological methods such as temperature and pressure changes in the rock during burial of the sediments, but found all of the possibilities unlikely. (ens-newswire.com)
Marble1
  • Princeton's art conservation laboratory is experimenting with creating a surface treatment for marble made out of a mineral called apatite. (princeton.edu)
Acid1
  • Relative to apatite controls, organoapatites were also found to have greater resistance to fragmentation in vivo and those containing amino acid units revealed interfacial bioerosion accompanined by regeneration of mineralized tissue. (northwestern.edu)
Chemical4
  • The overall chemical formula for apatite is generally given as Ca 5 ( PO 4 ) 3 (OH, F, Cl). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Microbiological, molecular biological and chemical analyses were applied to investigate the role of these amendments in metal immobilization processes. (stroudcenter.org)
  • Then, we present the main chemical and structural characteristics of these two chemical phases, of either biological or synthetic origins. (academie-sciences.fr)
  • 2000. Threshold limit values for chemical substances and physical agents and biological exposure indices. (cdc.gov)
Biomedical1
  • With a degree in biological engineering and PhD in biomedical engineering, Kathleen's research has focused on the design and evaluation of ion release from degradable bioactive glasses. (ir-scientific.com)
Calcium1
  • Although our understanding of the environmental and biological mechanisms behind the fractionation of such elements is still in its infancy, some of these isotopes are suspected to fractionate along the food chain, as has been reported in the literature for calcium, magnesium and zinc. (palass.org)
Enamel1
  • Ground apatite was used as a pigment for the Terracotta Army of 3rd-century BCE China, and in Qing Dynasty enamel for metalware. (wikipedia.org)
Found2
  • Apatite is also found in clastic sedimentary rock as grains eroded out of the source rock. (wikipedia.org)
  • Apatite is occasionally found to contain significant amounts of rare-earth elements and can be used as an ore for those metals. (wikipedia.org)
Crystal1
Titanium1
  • But titanium alloy and titanium have biological inertia, mainly through physical chimerism in the body, which is easy to cause loosening and falling off in the long-term use. (energy-ti.com)
Shape1
  • Preliminary in vitro biological assessment showed that after 1 and 3 days in culture, cells were attached to the fibres, retaining their morphology while presenting a flattened appearance and elongated shape on the surface of fibres. (ad-astra.ro)
Forms1
  • Fluoro-chloro apatite forms the basis of the now obsolete Halophosphor fluorescent tube phosphor system. (wikipedia.org)
Copper1
  • Apatite and chitin were selected and tested for copper, chromium, and zinc metal removal in marine sediment samples. (stroudcenter.org)
Thermal1
  • U-Th)/He dating of apatite is also well established from noble gas diffusion studies for use in determining thermal histories and other, less typical applications such as paleo-wildfire dating. (wikipedia.org)
Materials1
  • This work will review the various clinical applications of Bond Apatite as an alternative to other graft materials. (allenpress.com)
Form1
  • Fossilized organic remains are important sources of information because they provide a unique form of biological and evolutionary information, and have the long-term potential for genomic explorations. (nature.com)
Characteristics1
  • Objective: To assess bioactivity and morphological characteristics of NiTi alloy (45.3% Ni and 54.7% Ti), treated with laser and uncoated apatite. (bvsalud.org)
Cells1
  • Electrospun hydrogels with biological electrospray cells. (dokumen.pub)
Growth1
Potential1
  • These have always drawn a lot of attention from both the scientific community and the general public not only because of their rarity, but also because of the potential for retrieval of valuable biological and evolutionary information that is generally not available from the permineralized hard skeletons that make up the bulk of fossilized vertebrates 1 . (nature.com)
Present2
  • The local environment of Sr(2+) cations in biological apatites present in pathological and physiological calcifications in patients without such Sr-based drugs has been assessed. (sorbonne-universite.fr)
  • Apatite is also occasionally a source of uranium and vanadium, present as trace elements in the mineral. (wikipedia.org)
Canada1
  • So, it was a priority for the UCL-led team to determine whether the remains from Canada had biological origins. (ens-newswire.com)
Data2
  • The latest e-tailer of this biological cost works 60+, infectious siamo of 3+1)-dimensional infection data and their site on one-stop-shop evaluation. (unlimitedplus.com)
  • 1974. Biological handbooks: Biology data book. (cdc.gov)
Time1
  • Such properties may contribute to greater interaction of the biomaterial with biological environment and possible time reduction for osseointegration. (bvsalud.org)