• Evaluating the cost of traditional (photo-autotrophic) production with mixotrophic using alternative sources to reduce microalgae cultivation costs providing high biomass is a type of protocol that should be adopted in algal production. (fapesp.br)
  • Therefore, evaluating factors such as light, culture medium, culture condition (photo-autotrophic and myxotrophic), carbon source and appropriate techniques for maintaining high Messastrum gracile biomass are procedures for process performance and balanced condition of the operation cultivation. (fapesp.br)
  • Microalgae cultivation is an area that has stood out among the main researches developed in the world market, since these microorganisms synthesize several compounds of interest in different sectors. (fapesp.br)
  • Optimizing and reducing production costs are key technologies for implementing successful microalgae cultivation. (fapesp.br)
  • The use of alternative sources such as inorganic fertilizers (NPK), aquatic plants (Eichhornia crassipes) as a culture medium and sugarcane molasses (carbon source) are tools that enable the cultivation of microalgae. (fapesp.br)
  • One way to lower the cost of production is the use of alternative culture media, cultivation conditions using alternative carbon sources and the reduction of light intensity, which is one of the factors that most increases the cost of producing microalgae biomass. (fapesp.br)
  • Light intensity is one of the major limiting factors in microalgae cultivation, affecting photosynthesis, biomass and biochemical composition. (fapesp.br)
  • The use of biological residues and agribusiness by-products for microalgae cultivation, such as macrophytes and sugarcane molasses, are of great importance to reduce the negative impacts on both natural and/or artificial ecosystems (fish farming). (fapesp.br)
  • Optimization of microalgae cultivation messastrum gracile using different light intensities in photo-autotrophic and mixotrophic regime. (fapesp.br)
  • Talbierz, S. Microalgae Cultivation Technologies. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Microalgae Cultivation Technologies" Encyclopedia , https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/3510 (accessed November 29, 2023). (encyclopedia.pub)
  • This chapter's objective is to describe the development and cultivation methods for microalgae to achieve the above goals. (umn.edu)
  • He has over 35 international peer-reviewed publications related to microalgae biomass cultivation, harvesting, downstream processing, and LCA analysis. (edu.qa)
  • Microalgae are rich in natural antioxidants, with occurrence and quality depending primarily on the species of microalgae and the conditions of cultivation. (japsonline.com)
  • Mixotrophic cultivation enhances lipid productivity and fatty acid profile towards efficient production of microalgae-based biofuel from Desmodesmus sp. (e-algae.org)
  • Cultivation of green microalgae by recov. (metu.edu.tr)
  • and used in the cultivation of Chlorella minutissima and Botryococcus braunii microalgae. (metu.edu.tr)
  • It can be concluded that the aqueous phases from HTC of orange and olive pomaces can be a good source of nutrients for different types of microalgae, opening a sustainable, cost effective and environmentally friendly approach for microalgae cultivation and, at the same time, for the cleaning of the otherwise biochemically toxic HTC process waters. (metu.edu.tr)
  • The objective of this research was to design and develop Tubular Photobioreactor with 93.5 liters for microalgae cultivation. (ugm.ac.id)
  • A multiphase simulation model on microalgae cultivation in a cylindrical photobioreactor. (ugm.ac.id)
  • 2023) "Artificial intelligence model for monitoring biomass growth in semi-batch Chlorella vulgaris cultivation" Fuel, 333, 126438. (showpauloke.com)
  • Microalgal biomass is currently considered as a sustainable and renewable feedstock for biofuel production (biohydrogen, biomethane, biodiesel) characterized by lower emissions of hazardous air pollutants than fossil fuels. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Controlled production of microalgal biomass is a fast-growing technology, as microalgae can be used to produce a wide range of commercially valuable cellular metabolites, including high-quality proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, dyes, and vitamins for the food/feed industry and the broad cosmetic industry. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Biogas and biomethane are produced during controlled, anaerobic degradation of microalgal biomass by fermentation bacteria [ 17 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • As an alternative, microalgal biomass constitutes a main focus for the development of renewable energy supplies. (umn.edu)
  • Therefore, for sustainable renewable energy, environmental protection, and high-value chemical derivatives, the development microalgal biomass offers significant technical and economic potential for the future. (umn.edu)
  • through these projects, together with other completed projects, Dr. Das and the other colleagues at the center are developing large-scale microalgal biomass production in the Qatari desert for various applications. (edu.qa)
  • These findings simplify the complexity of the enzyme pools required for the enzymatic hydrolysis of microalgal biomass decreasing the enzyme cost for the production of microalgae-derived glucose syrups. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, the cost of production is still very high due to the culture medium containing a diversity of macro and micronutrients, vitamins and minerals for the development of high algal biomass. (fapesp.br)
  • With regard to biofuels, algal biomass is considered likely to be one of the most important sources of renewable energies in the near future [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Blue Marble CEO Kelly Ogilvie officially announced the partnership at the 3rd Annual Algal Biomass Summit in San Diego. (blogspot.com)
  • Examples include anaerobic digestion of biomass into biogas, production of biodiesel from lipids stored in algae cells and hydrogen from photobiological conversion, and lastly, gasification, pyrolysis, or direct combustion of the harvested algal biomass [ 13 ] [ 14 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Furthermore, there is advanced work being carried out to develop microbes which will absorb carbon dioxide and excrete sugars, and there is already exploratory work into the use of agricultural wastes containing polysaccharides, or algal polysaccharides. (earthava.com)
  • The term algae biorefinery was coined to describe the production of a wide range of chemicals and biofuels from algal biomass by the integration of bio-processing and appropriate low environmental impact chemical technologies in a cost-effective and environmentally sustainable . (bioenergyconsult.com)
  • Indeed, after oil extraction the resulting algal biomass can be processed into ethanol, methane, livestock feed, used as organic fertilizer due to its high N:P ratio, or simply burned for energy cogeneration (electricity and heat). (bioenergyconsult.com)
  • Several products can be obtained from the same algal biomass using an integrated biorefinery concept whereby different biomass processing methods can be sequentially employed, including lipid extraction, algae biomass polysaccharide hydrolysis for sugar syrup production and subsequent fermentation [ 10 ], followed by biodigestion or pyrolysis for the production of biodiesel, bioethanol, methane, and syngas [ 11 - 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The main aim of this study is to investigate the usability of the process water obtained from the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of two different types of biomass waste for microalgae production. (metu.edu.tr)
  • Biomass compression and compaction molding technology is a technology that presses various types of biomass into dense rods, blocks, or pellets, such as shaped feeds or shaped fuels, under certain temperature and pressure. (tycorun.com)
  • produce different types of biomass. (scirp.org)
  • The goal of this study was to determine the effect of the photoperiod on growth and antioxidant responses of three species of marine microalgae, Chlorella vulgaris , Isochrysis galbana (CB) , and Tetraselmis chuii (CT), commonly found in tropical brackish and marine environments. (japsonline.com)
  • The highest growth rate and the shortest doubling time values were found as 0.130 g/L/day and 5.33 day, respectively, for Chlorella minutissima microalgae cultivated in the HTC process water of olive pomace. (metu.edu.tr)
  • Besides, the fatty acid profiles extracted from the Chlorella vulgaris biomass harvested through embedding-flocculation strategy was comparable as centrifugation method. (azpdf.org)
  • This study addressed the enzymatic hydrolysis of untreated Chlorella homosphaera biomass using selected enzyme preparations, aiming to identify the relevant activity profile for the microalgae cellulose hydrolysis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Microalgae are aquatic photosynthetic microorganisms able to transform carbon dioxide into biochemicals that can later be processed into biofuels, food, feed and high-value bioactive compounds [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, the carbon dioxide gas released during combustion will be pumped back into the algae pond, mimicking a natural cycle and thereby achieving near-zero carbon emissions. (non-a.com)
  • It allows locating the commercial microalgal systems in areas that cannot be employed for agricultural purposes, i.e., near heating or wastewater treatment plants and other industrial facilities producing carbon dioxide and organic and nutrient compounds. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Sustainable energy sources will not only help to alleviate the crisis caused by the depletion of fossil fuels but also reduce the carbon dioxide emissions to address climate change, and improve the living environment for human beings, and all life on the planet earth. (umn.edu)
  • Microalgae are single-cell organisms that convert solar radiation energy into chemical energy via photosynthesis [ 1 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • It is estimated that the total amount of biomass produced on the earth through photosynthesis alone amounts to 144 to 180 billion tons (dry weight) each year, and its energy is approximately 3 to 8 times the total energy consumption of the world in the early 1990s. (tycorun.com)
  • Microalgae (or microscopic algae) are considered as a potential oleo-feedstock , as they produce lipids through photosynthesis, i.e. using only carbon, water, sunlight, phosphates, nitrates and other (oligo) elements that can be found in residual waters. (bioenergyconsult.com)
  • Photosynthesis by aquatic plants: effects of unstirred layers in relation to assimilation of CO2 and HCO3 and to carbon isotopic discrimination. (egejfas.org)
  • We describe a new selection method based on BODIPY (4,4-difluoro-1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza- s -indacene) staining, fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) and microplate-based isolation of lipid-rich microalgae from an environmental sample. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This combination resulted in a high throughput screening procedure to isolate and screen for lipid-rich strains by means of BODIPY 505/515 (4,4-difluoro-1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza- s -indacene) staining that can also be used to isolate fast-growing microalgae. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lipidomic investigation reveals distinct lipid metabolite patterning of an oil-producing microalga (Vischeria sp. (e-algae.org)
  • The aim was to investigate if the lipid content of sponges is linked to food availability and season, and to what extend free-living bacteria are available in starvation periods where the phytoplankton biomass is low. (frontiersin.org)
  • Analysis of the biomass composition of H. panicea from Kiel Bight revealed glycogen and lipid contents of 10-30 mg per g ash-free dry weight and 80-140 mg per g ash-free dry weight, respectively ( Barthel, 1986 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Dr. Xu's research group uses a combination of molecular genetic, cell biological, biochemical and physiological approaches to dissect the regulatory network governing lipid metaoblism, homoestasis and storage. (bnl.gov)
  • and 3) understanding whether and how altered lipid metabolism affects carbon allocation, biomass production, stress responses and many other aspects of biology. (bnl.gov)
  • The total lipid content in microalgae varies from 1 to 90 % of dry weight, depending on species, strain and growth conditions. (bioenergyconsult.com)
  • The exposure of microalgae to the chitosan and silica during harvesting process through embedding-flocculation strategy did not bring any harmful effects on the fatty acid profiles of extracted lipid. (azpdf.org)
  • These fuels are made by a biomass conversion (biomass refers to recently living organisms, most often referring to plants or plant-derived materials). (icia.ro)
  • 2023) "Application of Regression and Artificial Neural Network Analysis of Red-Green-Blue Image Components in Prediction of Chlorophyll Content in Microalgae" Bioresource Technology, 370, 128503. (showpauloke.com)
  • Blue Marble Energy, based in Seattle, has developed a proprietary technology to produce a wide array of high-margin, carbon neutral specialty biochemicals from organic biomass. (blogspot.com)
  • BME's proprietary AGATE (Acid, Gas, and Ammonia Targeted Extraction) system processes nearly any organic feedstock, utilizing cultured strains of bacteria to perform fermentation (like brewing beer) to produce a wide variety of biochemicals. (blogspot.com)
  • The organic waste and microalgae biomass generated from the café, where wastewater treatment and the biochemical cycle of solar energy will be conducted using micro/nanotechnology, will be converted into biogas through combustion, yielding both electricity and heat energy. (non-a.com)
  • The wastewater discharges from textile industry, which contains harmful organic dyes, high biochemical oxygen and chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solids (TDS), other inorganic pollutants (Mishra and Maiti 2019 ) are of utmost concern to meet the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). (researchsquare.com)
  • The biological and biochemical composition of bioflocs which are mainly constituted by organic matter and aerobic microbes, may vary depending on diverse factors such as source of water, microbial inoculum, carbon/nitrogen ratio, substrate, temperature, salinity, light intensity, DO concentration, turbulence of the water column among some other. (aquaculturemag.com)
  • mainly focused on development of biotechnological processes for conversion of organic matter to bioenergy, biofuels and biochemicals. (apaset.ac.cn)
  • Methane fermentation is a cascade of successive biochemical transformations, including hydrolysis, acidogenesis, and methanogenesis, which are carried out by specialized consortia of microorganisms [ 18 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • 1. Polianskaya L. M., Heidebrecht V. V., Stepanov A. L., Zvyagintsev D. G. The distribution of the number and biomass of microorganisms according to the profiles of zonal soil types. (kiev.ua)
  • 2023) "Unanswered issues on decarbonizing the aviation industry through the development of sustainable aviation fuel from microalgae" Fuel, 334, 126553. (showpauloke.com)
  • 2023) "Microbiologically influenced corrosion of the ST-37 carbon steel tank by Bacillus licheniformis present in biodiesel blends" Biomass and Bioenergy, 168, 106653. (showpauloke.com)
  • Blue Marble can then safely process the generated algae biomass into specialty biochemicals. (blogspot.com)
  • The company's innovative, patent-pending Light Immersion Technology™ addresses the problem of algae "self-shading" by allowing more light to penetrate the algae biomass. (blogspot.com)
  • Effects of nitrogen sources on cell growth and biochemical composition of marine chlorophyte Tetraselmis sp. (e-algae.org)
  • Glycine differentially improved the growth and biochemical composition of Synechocystis sp. (e-algae.org)
  • Influence of relativew water motion on the growth, ammonium uptake and carbon and nitrogen composition of Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyceae). (egejfas.org)
  • PCC 6803, and to couple online culture monitoring with offline measurements of photosynthetic efficiency and biochemical and elemental cell composition under several light intensity and CO2 regimes. (cas.cz)
  • Biomass energy is the most extensive renewable energy source in the world. (tycorun.com)
  • It was observed that the growth rates were higher and the doubling times were shorter at low dilution rates for both microalgae species. (metu.edu.tr)
  • But there have been many criticisms of biofuel production , not least being that the increasing ground taken for biofuel production could be used for food production instead, and corn ethanol production is actually at least as carbon-intensive as that of fossil fuels. (earthava.com)
  • Further extend the finding for simultaneous water purification by growth of microalgae and the biofuel production from the microalgae biomass. (azpdf.org)
  • Although biodiesel production from microalgae is a proven technology, it still faces several technical and economical constraints that need to be addressed [ 3 , 4 ] in order to scale up production and thus lower the final production costs [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • With the efficient algae-production capability of Bionavitas, and our ability to convert that algae into specialty biochemicals, it was a natural step for our companies to partner. (blogspot.com)
  • This study aimed to evaluate the accumulation of phycocyanin and biomass production of the microalgae Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis grownin fish effluent. (brazilianjournals.com.br)
  • POSTEN, C. Biorefinery of microalgae - opportunities and constraints for different production scenarios. (brazilianjournals.com.br)
  • Within this project, she had a key role in the establishment of the Qatar University Culture Collection of Cyanobacteria and Microalgae (QUCCCM), and the investigation of the potential of local isolates for Biofuel's production. (edu.qa)
  • The utilization of modern biomass energy is the production of methane through anaerobic fermentation of biomass, the use of pyrolysis to generate fuel gas, bio-oil and biochar, the use of biomass to produce ethanol and methanol fuel, and the use of bioengineering technology to cultivate energy plants. (tycorun.com)
  • The comparison of a tubular photobioreactor is investigated between fin and without fin by observing biomass production. (ugm.ac.id)
  • Tubular photobioreactor fins type 13-24 had more biomass production, up to 19.4 percent. (ugm.ac.id)
  • Application of computational fluid dynamics for modeling and designing photobioreactors for microalgae production: A review. (ugm.ac.id)
  • Biofuels from microalgae - a review technologies for production, processing and extraction of biofuel and co-products. (ugm.ac.id)
  • The role of biochemical engineering in the production of biofuel from microalgae. (ugm.ac.id)
  • Such enzymes may be used in the production of second generation biofuels, and to produce biochemicals that can replace various oil-based products. (sciencenorway.no)
  • Microalgae are the most promising production facilities. (scirp.org)
  • Production of bodiesel from microalgae via nanocatalyzed trans-esterification process: A review. (undip.ac.id)
  • Using switchable solvents for enhanced, simultaneous microalgae oil extraction-reaction for biodiesel production. (undip.ac.id)
  • Alternatively, attention has been turned to the use of algae, in particular microalgae, as feedstock for the production of renewable chemicals and biofuels, as they do not compete for arable land [ 1 ] despite some skeptical views [ 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Application of renewable energies in agriculture (solar energy and bio-mass, Energy Plants for Biodiesel and Bioethanol production, Biogas from plants, microalgae). (moa.gov.cy)
  • Second-generation biofuels use lignocellulosic - dry plant matter - biomass as feedstock, including switchgrass and agricultural by-products such as corn stalks. (earthava.com)
  • If biorefining of microalgae is applied, lipids should be fractionated into lipids for biodiesel, lipids as a feedstock for the chemical industry and essential fatty acids, proteins and carbohydrates for food, feed and bulk chemicals, and the oxygen produced can be recovered as well. (bioenergyconsult.com)
  • In Biomass, Biofuels, Biochemicals: Microbial Fermentation of Biowastes (pp. 115-130). (umn.edu)
  • There are reasons to support the hypothesis that the consumption of these kinds of alternative feeds may affect some biological conditions such as changes in the immune and antioxidant responses of shrimp after using microbial biomass as direct food source (bioflocs, biofilms, peryphyton). (aquaculturemag.com)
  • I am very interested to study the effects of these pollutants on the ecology and function of soil microbial communities using biochemical (PLFA) and molecular biology techniques. (moa.gov.cy)
  • Borregaard is a Norwegian company that produces advanced and environmentally friendly biochemicals, biomaterials and bioethanol that can replace oil-based products. (sciencenorway.no)
  • Photobioreactors for microalgae growth can be exploited using many industrial and domestic wastes. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Simultaneously the growth of S . dimorphus by measuring total chlorophyll showed a 1.28-fold increase in biomass in wastewater as comparison with pure culture medium within 15 days of batch experiment conducted in triplicates. (researchsquare.com)
  • Fan J, Zhou C, Yu L, Li P, Shanklin J, Xu C (2019) Diversion of Carbon Flux from Sugars to Lipids Improves the Growth of an Arabidopsis Starchless Mutant. (bnl.gov)
  • When simulating the growth behavior of microalgae, results show that the tubes without fins had lower biomass content than the 13-24 fin-type, which were 0.675 and 0.806 grams per liter, respectively, because the 13-24 fin-type will make well microalgae distribution leading to increase the light distribution too. (ugm.ac.id)
  • Combined effects of light intensity and acetate concentration on the growth of unicelular microalga Haematococcus pluvialis. (egejfas.org)
  • The similar sizes of silica and microalgae cells caused no toxic effects to the microalgae cells in terms of growth and biochemical compositions of microalgae. (azpdf.org)
  • Effect of water aeration and nutrient load level on biomass yield, N uptake and protein content of he Seaweed Ulva lactuca cultured in seawater tanks. (egejfas.org)
  • These fossil fuels are part of the carbon cycle and allow solar energy stored in the fuel to be released. (wikipedia.org)
  • By the middle of the next century, various biomass alternative fuels produced by new technologies will account for more than 40% of the world's total energy consumption. (tycorun.com)
  • Biomass energy can be converted into conventional solid, liquid and gaseous fuels in the process of utilization. (tycorun.com)
  • In order to develop a more sustainable and economically feasible process, all biomass components (e.g. proteins, lipids, carbohydrates) should be used and therefore biorefining of microalgae is very important for the selective separation and use of the functional biomass components. (bioenergyconsult.com)
  • Their biomass can be processed to different sorts of chemicals and polymers (Polysaccharides, enzymes, pigments and minerals), biofuels (e.g. biodiesel, alkanes and alcohols), food and animal feed ( PUFA , vitamins, etc.) as well as bioactive compounds (antibiotics, antioxidant and metabolites) through down-processing technology such as transesterification, pyrolysis and continuous catalysis using microspheres. (bioenergyconsult.com)
  • BME's mission is to produce drop-in replacements to petrochemicals which are safe, carbon-neutral, and fully sustainable. (blogspot.com)
  • Relevant experts estimate that biomass energy is very likely to become a component of the future sustainable energy system. (tycorun.com)
  • Correlated biochemical and ultrastructural changes in nitrogen straved Euglena gracilis. (egejfas.org)
  • He has over 15 years of experience working with different microalgae-based projects - covering biofuel, bioremediation, bulk chemicals, high-value products, feed, etc. (edu.qa)
  • The company has developed its own process to convert biomass to chemicals and biofuels. (sciencenorway.no)
  • Chlorophyte microalgae have a cell wall containing a large quantity of cellulose I α with a triclinic unit cell hydrogen-bonding pattern that is more susceptible to hydrolysis than that of the cellulose I β polymorphic form that is predominant in higher plants. (biomedcentral.com)
  • High rates of enzymatic hydrolysis were achieved for untreated C. homosphaera biomass with enzymes containing endoglucanase and β-glucosidase activities and devoid of cellobiohydrolase activity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A biofuel is a fuel that contains energy from geologically recent carbon fixation. (icia.ro)
  • The simplest way to use microalgae for fuel purposes involves the combustion or co-combustion of their pre-dried biomass [ 15 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Biodiesel is a liquid fuel made from seed oils, such as soybeans and rapeseeds and other oil crops, oil palm and pistacia tree fruits, and engineering microalgae and other oily aquatic plants. (tycorun.com)
  • ③The fuel used for mixed combustion of biomass and coal. (tycorun.com)
  • Several recent studies have pointed out that biofuel from microalgae has the potential to become a renewable, cost-effective alternative for fossil fuel with reduced impact on the environment and the world supply of staple foods, such as wheat, maize and sugar. (bioenergyconsult.com)
  • On the contrary activated sludge microbes could remove maximum 76.40% of carbon from the initial concentration of 3560 mg/l of COD while cultured in 25% of wastewater. (researchsquare.com)
  • The bioreactor for producing the heterotrophic biofloc was inoculated with 5 mg/L of an unspecific bacterial marine consortium (lyophilized), whereas the bioreactor to produce photoautotrophic bioflocs was inoculated with 500 mL/m 3 of the benthic microalgae Navicula incerta at a concentration of 1 × 106 cel/ml. (aquaculturemag.com)
  • Bacterial cell carbon was estimated to contribute 2.9 and 4.6% compared to phytoplankton cell carbon in the food at the two sites, respectively, and free-living bacteria were available only as a minor food source at all seasons. (frontiersin.org)
  • The Bioboost project will decrease the carbon footprint of biorefining by using genetically engineered tobacco, a non-food and non-feed crop, as a green enzyme factory. (sciencenorway.no)
  • Xu C, Andre C, Fan J, Shanklin J (2016) Cellular Organization of Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis in Microalgae. (bnl.gov)
  • The biotechnology used to recover enzymes is well known, and the tobacco plant is a good candidate because it has a lot of biomass that is easy to manipulate,' says Liu Clarke. (sciencenorway.no)
  • It was also observed that the process water dilution rate had no specific effect on microalgae biochemical characteristics. (metu.edu.tr)
  • The cell walls of wood biomass are very hard to break down and large quantities of enzymes are required in the industrial process. (sciencenorway.no)
  • They are one of the world's oldest forms of life, and it is strongly believed that fossil oil was largely formed by ancient microalgae. (bioenergyconsult.com)
  • was investigated in BG11 medium with 10 mg/L triacontanol (TRIA) and without it to test whether the hormone could increase the removal efficiency by increasing biomass [ 3 ]. (omicsonline.org)
  • The rise of interest in these microscopic organisms for biotechnological applications is due to the unique biochemical features and their vast biodiversity, which to date is almost entirely unexploited [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The toxicity of the silica microparticles was studied by employing microalgae as study model to prevent or minimize the toxic effects caused by the microparticles towards the aquatic life after used and disposal. (azpdf.org)