• The oocyst wall provides an important physical barrier for sporozoites contained inside oocysts, protecting them from many chemical and physical stressors, including most inactivation procedures. (mysciencework.com)
  • We discuss the evolutionary acquisition of LEA-like genes in Toxoplasma and other oocyst-producing apicomplexan parasites of the Sarcocystidae family and discuss how this has likely contributed to the ability of sporozoites within oocysts to survive outside the host for extended periods. (mysciencework.com)
  • Hepatozoon sporozoites release from the oocysts after their ingestion in the dog's intestine and penetrate the gut wall. (vin.com)
  • Once ingested, sporozoites are released from the oocysts into intestinal epithelial cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ingestion of oocyst (containing sporozoites ). (microbeonline.com)
  • Oocyst shed in cat feces (contains two sporocyst, each containing 4 sporozoites ). (microbeonline.com)
  • Eimeria infection of chickens is initiated by ingestion of sporulated oocysts from the environment (e.g., faeces and contaminated litter) leading to invasion of epithelial cells lining the intestinal tract by released sporozoites. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Toxoplasma gondii oocysts, which are shed in large quantities in the feces from infected felines, are very stable in the environment, resistant to most inactivation procedures, and highly infectious. (mysciencework.com)
  • Female macrogametes are fertilized by male microgametes to produce oocysts, which are shed in the feces of infected hosts. (biomedcentral.com)
  • An infected cat shed unsporulated oocysts in its feces for 1-2 weeks. (microbeonline.com)
  • After sexual fusion of micro and macrogametes, oocysts develop, exit from the host cell into the gut lumen, and pass out via feces. (microbeonline.com)
  • Numerous intestinal epithelial cells lining villi contain coccidial organisms representing various life stages, including meronts (Me) containing 8 to 12 merozoites, microgametocytes (Mi), macrogametocytes (Ma), and oocysts (O). Labels appear immediately to the right of the corresponding life stage. (avma.org)
  • Due to presence of sexual process and sporogonic development of Plasmodium parasites in mosquitoes, self and cross-fertilization can occur and be identified during the oocyst stage. (lu.se)
  • Parasites are transmitted via sporulated oocysts. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our in vitro biochemical experiments using recombinant TgLEA proteins show that they have cryoprotective effects on the oocyst-resident lactate dehydrogenase enzyme and that induced expression in E. coli of two of them leads to better survival after cold stress. (mysciencework.com)
  • Their resistance against disinfectants and irradiation has been attributed to the oocyst and sporocyst walls by acting as physical and permeability barriers. (mysciencework.com)
  • Following fertilisation, progeny oocysts are excreted and these sporulate in the external environment, becoming infectious to new hosts. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this way, the frequent ingestion of raw or undercooked meat, and oocysts on the ground by birds, expose humans, mammals, and birds to infections and contribute to a high degree of polymorphisms and variety of atypical isolates. (rsbmt.org.br)
  • Hepatozoon gamonts release from the dog leukocytes within the tick gut and gametogenesis takes place followed by fertilization and sporogony with the formation of oocysts in the tick's hemocoel. (vin.com)
  • Intermediate hosts in nature (including birds, rodents, and even humans ) become infected after ingesting soil, water, or plant material contaminated with sporulated oocysts. (microbeonline.com)
  • Immunoprecipitation of GAP40 or MyoE recovers multiple peptides from a protein of unknown function which, like GAP40 itself, was one of a small number of hits that emerged from our recent biochemical screen for substrates of CDPK4 (SOC proteins) in parasite lysates. (pberghei.eu)
  • Some biochemical parameters as risk factors in the aetiology of renal disease. (ajol.info)
  • Strychalski Janusz, Kowalska Dorota, Grinholc Sławomir, Juśkiewicz Jerzy, Fotschki Bartosz, Gugołek Andrzej: Performance Indicators, Coccidia Oocyst Counts, Plasma Biochemical Parameters and Fermentation Processes in the Cecum of Rabbits Fed a Diet with the Addition of Black Cumin Seed Meal. (vfu.cz)
  • Orlich Magdalena, Drażbo Aleksandra, Ognik Katarzyna, Rogiewicz Anna, Juśkiewicz Jerzy: The effect of raw, hydrobarothermally treated and fermented rapeseed cake on plasma biochemical parameters, total tract digestibility and gut function in laying hens. (vfu.cz)
  • Gugołek Andrzej, Kowalska Dorota, Strychalski Janusz, Ognik Katarzyna, Juśkiewicz Jerzy: The effect of dietary supplementation with silkworm pupae meal on gastrointestinal function, nitrogen retention and blood biochemical parameters in rabbits. (vfu.cz)
  • Żyżelewicz Dorota, Oracz Joanna, Bojczuk Małgorzata, Budryn Grażyna, Jurgoński Adam, Juśkiewicz Jerzy, Zduńczyk Zenon: Effects of Raw and Roasted Cocoa Bean Extracts Supplementation on Intestinal Enzyme Activity, Biochemical Parameters, and Antioxidant Status in Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet. (vfu.cz)
  • Recombinant TgLEA proteins show cryoprotective effects on the parasite's lactate dehydrogenase, an abundant enzyme in oocysts, and expression in E. coli of two TgLEAs has a beneficial effect on growth after cold stress. (mysciencework.com)
  • To study putative hybrid oocysts, we used a laser microdissection technique together with PCR-based analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear genes. (lu.se)
  • Oocysts from a strain in which the four LEA genes were knocked out en bloc were significantly more susceptible to high salinity, freezing, and desiccation compared to wild-type oocysts. (mysciencework.com)
  • Moreover, oocysts from a strain lacking all four TgLEA genes were more susceptible to high salinity, freezing, and desiccation compared to wild-type oocysts, highlighting the importance of the four TgLEAs for oocyst resilience. (mysciencework.com)
  • In order to quantify the organic matter, indirect methods are commonly used: mainly the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). (wikipedia.org)
  • METHODS: For exclusive and polytobacco cigarette use, weighted prevalence estimates based on W4 self-report alone and with exceeding the W1 cut-point were calculated to identify the percentage missed without biochemical verification. (cdc.gov)
  • Mosquitoes were collected from a mining site in the north-eastern part of the country and, following identification, were subjected to extensive testing for the target-site and biochemical basis of resistance. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The following four types of pathogens are found in sewage: pathogenic bacteria, viruses, protozoa (in the form of cysts or oocysts) and helminths (in the form of eggs). (wikipedia.org)
  • latter stages of the patent infection low levels of oocyst excretion selleck chemicals llc could be detected for a few days longer in the neutrophil-deficient mice (D.S. Korbel and V. McDonald, unpublished data). (src-signal.com)
  • The interactions between pathogens and their hosts involve complex and diverse processes at the genetic, biochemical, phenotypic, population, and community levels, while the distribution and abundance of microorganisms in nature and their microbial processes are affected by both biotic and abiotic factors that act at different scales. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Blood and serum biochemical data gave similar results to other studies done in Dasyprocta spp. (cipav.org.co)
  • Sample collection and biochemical assays Blood samples were taken by veni puncture of the jugular vein MLN8054 into silicone vacutainer tubes. (azadright.com)
  • We demonstrate that both pSGS1 and pGRW11 lineages develop in infected mosquitoes in parallel, but also form hybrid oocysts of these two lineages. (lu.se)
  • 1992. The effect of pesticides on carp ( Cyprinus carpio L ). Acetylcholinesterase and its biochemical characterization. (vin.com)
  • This study investigated the haematological and biochemical values of ten (10) adult male captive-reared agoutis ( Dasyprocta leporina ) at the Sugarcane Feeds Centre (SFC) in the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. (cipav.org.co)
  • Morphologic studies on the oocysts showed they were most likely to be C. muris, although there was no genotypic or experimental animal confirmation. (cdc.gov)