Nitrofurantoin is a nitrofuran antimicrobial agent with activity against certain Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. (nih.gov)
About Nitrofurantoin Nitrofuran derivative antibiotic, Urinary germicide, Miscellaneous Antibiotic. (rosheta.com)
Macrocrystals6
There are two formulations of nitrofurantoin: Macrocrystals - (Macrodantin, Furadantin) - 25, 50, or 100 mg capsules - taken once every 6 hours[citation needed] Monohydrate/macrocrystals - (Macrobid) - 100 mg capsules - taken once every 12 hours or 2 times a day (written on prescriptions as BID, which is the last part of the trade name MacroBID). (wikipedia.org)
To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of Nitrofurantoin Capsules, USP (monohydrate/macrocrystals) and other antibacterial drugs, Nitrofurantoin Capsules, USP (monohydrate/macrocrystals) should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by bacteria. (nih.gov)
Nitrofurantoin Capsules , USP (monohydrate/macrocrystals)is a hard gelatin capsule shell containing the equivalent of 100 mg of nitrofurantoin in the form of 25 mg of nitrofurantoin macrocrystals and 75 mg of nitrofurantoin monohydrate. (nih.gov)
Based on urinary pharmacokinetic data, the extent and rate of urinary excretion of nitrofurantoin from the 100 mg Nitrofurantoin Capsules, USP (monohydrate/ macrocrystals) are similar to those of the 50 mg or 100 mg nitrofurantoin (macrocrystals) capsule. (nih.gov)
Plasma nitrofurantoin concentrations after a single oral dose of the 100 mg Nitrofurantoin Capsules, USP (monohydrate/ macrocrystals) are low, with peak levels usually less than 1 mcg/mL. (nih.gov)
Urinary tract infe3
Nitrofurantoin is an antibacterial medication used to treat urinary tract infections, but it is not as effective for kidney infections. (wikipedia.org)
Nitrofurantoin is an anti-infective agent that is FDA approved for the treatment of urinary tract infections when due to susceptible strains of Escherichia coli , enterococci , Staphylococcus aureus , and certain susceptible strains of Klebsiella and Enterobacter species. (wikidoc.org)
Monohydrate2
Twenty-five percent is macrocrystalline nitrofurantoin, which has slower dissolution and absorption than nitrofurantoin monohydrate. (nih.gov)
The remaining 75% is nitrofurantoin monohydrate contained in a powder blend which, upon exposure to gastric and intestinal fluids, forms a gel matrix that releases nitrofurantoin over time. (nih.gov)
Nitrofurantoin is not recommended for the treatment of pyelonephritis, and intra-abdominal abscess, because of extremely poor tissue penetration and low blood levels. (wikipedia.org)
Bacteria3
Many or all strains of the following genera are resistant to nitrofurantoin: Enterobacter Proteus Pseudomonas Antibiotic susceptibility testing should always be performed to further elucidate the resistance profile of the particular strain of bacteria causing infection. (wikipedia.org)
The broad-based nature of this mode of action may explain the lack of acquired bacterial resistance to nitrofurantoin, as the necessary multiple and simultaneous mutations of the target macromolecules would likely be lethal to the bacteria. (nih.gov)
Nitrofurantoin was first sold in 1953. (wikipedia.org)
Development of resistance to nitrofurantoin has not been a significant problem since its introduction in 1953. (nih.gov)
Microbiology1
The efficacy of nitrofurantoin in treating UTIs combined with a low rate of bacterial resistance to this agent makes it one of the first-line agents for treating uncomplicated UTIs as recommended by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the European Society for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. (wikipedia.org)
Drugs1
Urinary tract infection Interactions for Nitrofurantoin Antichlolinergic drugs: Bioavailability of nitrofurantoin increased due to delayed gastric emptying. (rosheta.com)
Ketoconazole (400 mg) increases the bioavailability and Cmax of Udenafil (100 mg) almost 2-fold (212%) and 0.8-fold (85%), respectively. (canadianfamilypharmacy.su)
Increasing bacterial antibiotic resistance to other commonly used agents, such as trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and fluoroquinolones, has led to increased interest in using nitrofurantoin. (wikipedia.org)
Antagonism3
nitrofurantoin decreases effects of BCG vaccine live by pharmacodynamic antagonism. (medscape.com)
nitrofurantoin decreases effects of microbiota oral by pharmacodynamic antagonism. (medscape.com)
Antagonism has been demonstrated in vitro between nitrofurantoin and quinolone antimicrobials. (nih.gov)
Pharmacokinetic1
However, it is necessary to determine the bioavailability, side effects and pharmacokinetic properties in more detail. (historicdowntownupland.org)
Urine4
Approximately 20 to 25% of a single dose of nitrofurantoin is recovered from the urine unchanged over 24 hours. (nih.gov)
Nitrofurantoin is highly soluble in urine, to which it may impart a brown color. (nih.gov)
Nitrofurantoin is bactericidal in urine at therapeutic doses. (nih.gov)
Increased Fluoroquinolone-Susceptibility and Preserved Nitrofurantoin-Susceptibility among Escherichia coli Urine Isolates from Women Long-Term Care Residents: A Brief Report. (juniperpublishers.com)
Efficacy1
However, the efficacy of nitrofurantoin in treating clinical infections due to these microorganisms has not been established in adequate and well-controlled trials. (fda.gov)
Food1
Nitrogen, sulfur, and carbon sources for their intake of food on nitrofurantoin bioavailability. (thehasse.org)
Oral3
Disulfiram is highly lipid soluble (accumulates in adipose tissue, crosses blood-brain barrier), highly protein-bound, and has 80% bioavailability after an oral dose of 350 mg. (medscape.com)
IV therapy is not inherently better than oral if there's adequate bioavailability with the oral agent and if susceptibilities allow switch to an oral agent. (blogspot.com)
If the plasma concentration of a drug declines with "first order kinetics," this means that: A. The half-life is the same regardless of plasma concentration B. The drug is largely metabolized in the liver after oral administration and has low bioavailability C. The rate of elimination is proportionate to the rate of administration at all times D. The drug is not distributed outside the vascular system 14. (kupdf.net)
Renal2
Nitrofurantoin is contraindicated in patients with decreased renal function (CrCl (wikipedia.org)
Probenecid: Decreased renal clearance and increased serum levels of nitrofurantoin resulting in toxicity. (rosheta.com)
Mechanism2
The mechanism of the antimicrobial action of nitrofurantoin is unusual among antibacterials.Nitrofurantoin is reduced by bacterial flavoproteins to reactive intermediates which inactivate or alter bacterial ribosomal proteins and other macromolecules. (nih.gov)
Nitrofurantoin is contraindicated in patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD) because of risk of intravascular hemolysis resulting in anemia. (wikipedia.org)
There is limited information regarding Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use of Nitrofurantoin in adult patients. (wikidoc.org)
There is limited information regarding Off-Label Non-Guideline-Supported Use of Nitrofurantoin in adult patients. (wikidoc.org)
There is limited information regarding FDA-Labeled Use of Nitrofurantoin in pediatric patients. (wikidoc.org)
Antibiotics reduce bowel flora number and function and may reduce herb bioavailability. (interactionsguide.com)
Shown1
Nitrofurantoin has been shown to have good activity against:[citation needed] E. coli Staphylococcus saprophyticus Coagulase negative staphylococci Enterococcus faecalis Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus agalactiae Citrobacter species Klebsiella species Bacillus subtilis species It is used in the treatment of infections caused by these organisms. (wikipedia.org)
Treatment1
Nitrofurantoin is not indicated for the treatment of pyelonephritis or perinephric abscesses. (wikidoc.org)