• Calcium binds to and regulates the small regulatory protein calmodulin that in turn binds to and regulates several hundred calmodulin binding proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Many of these proteins are linked to multiple neurodegenerative diseases indicating that calmodulin binding proteins lie at the heart of neuroinflammatory events associated with multiple neurodegenerative diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The small calcium-binding protein calmodulin (CaM) is a primary effector of calcium function and works in turn by binding to and regulating CaM-binding proteins (CaMBPs) [ 53 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Calcium Hypothesis was thus extended as the Calmodulin Hypothesis since CaM not only binds to and regulates CaMBPs critical to learning and memory but also proteins involved in the formation of amyloid plaques and tangles, hallmarks of AD [ 41 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The intimate role of CaMBPs in AD was recently reviewed reinforcing the role of CaM in binding to and regulating multiple key proteins adding further support for the Calmodulin Hypothesis of O'Day and Myre [ 41 , 47 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Igarashi, M & Watanabe, M 2007, ' Roles of calmodulin and calmodulin-binding proteins in synaptic vesicle recycling during regulated exocytosis at submicromolar Ca 2+ concentrations ', Neuroscience Research , vol. 58, no. 3, pp. 226-233. (elsevierpure.com)
  • In plasma, calcium exists in 3 different forms: (1) 50% as ionized or the biologically active form, (2) 45% bound to plasma proteins (mainly albumin), and (3) 5% complexed to phosphate and citrate. (medscape.com)
  • Several other RNA-binding proteins, including TLS/FUS and PSF, co-purify with EWS. (embl.de)
  • PKC phosphorylation of these proteins also inhibits their binding to RNA in vitro. (embl.de)
  • These data suggest that PKC may regulate interactions of EWS and other RNA-binding proteins with their RNA targets and that IQ domains may provide a regulatory link between Ca2+ signal transduction pathways and RNA processing. (embl.de)
  • Calmodulin (CaM) is recognized as a major calcium sensor and orchestrator of regulatory events through its interaction with a diverse group of cellular proteins. (embl.de)
  • Because CaM can bind with high affinity to a relatively small alpha-helical region of many proteins, success in clearly defining the essential elements of CaM binding motifs seems feasible and should provide a means of identifying CaM binding proteins. (embl.de)
  • Although considerable sequence diversity is observed among the different binding regions, these three classes of recognition motifs exist for many of the known CaM binding proteins. (embl.de)
  • What proteins does IRS-1 bind to in order to activate Raf-1? (flashcardmachine.com)
  • This report describes Ca2+-dependent binding of 125I-labeled calmodulin (125I-CaM) to erythrocyte membranes and identification of two new CaM-binding proteins. (jhu.edu)
  • Carbon disulfide inhalation increases Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase phosphorylation of cytoskeletal proteins in the rat central nervous system. (cdc.gov)
  • The Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent phosphorylation of neuronal cytoskeletal proteins was studied in brain supernatants prepared from rats exposed via inhalation to 600 or 800 ppm carbon disulfide (CS2) for 14 days. (cdc.gov)
  • The finding of large increases in the autophosphorylation and calmodulin-binding to CaM kinase II with only slight increases in the amount of antibody-binding suggests that CS2 exposure results in increased Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent phosphorylation of proteins by inducing an increase in kinase activity. (cdc.gov)
  • In conclusion, Mannitou IgM binding requires a nonsubstituted α1,3-linked mannose branch of paucimannose also on proteins, making it a highly specific tool for the distinction of concurrent human tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens. (bvsalud.org)
  • 140 mouse brain proteins identified by Ca2+-calmodulin affinity chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. (lu.se)
  • We describe the proteomic characterization of mouse brain Ca2+-calmodulin-binding proteins that were purified using calmodulin affinity chromatography. (lu.se)
  • After comparing the results from the different experiments, we were able to exclude a significant number of proteins suspected to bind in a nonspecific manner. (lu.se)
  • A total of 140 putative Ca2+-calmodulin-binding proteins were identified of which 87 proteins contained calmodulin-binding motifs. (lu.se)
  • Among the 87 proteins that contained calmodulin-binding motifs, 48 proteins have not previously been shown to interact with calmodulin and 39 proteins were known calmodulin-binding proteins. (lu.se)
  • One potential candidate is calbindin D 9k, a monomeric calcium-binding protein of the S100 family of the calmodulin-related proteins, involved in Ca 2+ buffering and in trans-cellular transport of Ca 2+ ions. (lu.se)
  • The activity of the protein phosphatase calcineurin (CN) is regulated by an autoinhibition mechanism wherein several domains from its catalytic A subunit, including the calmodulin binding domain (CaMBD), block access to its active site. (rcsb.org)
  • Thus, here, we have determined the crystal structure of CaM complexed with the 25-residue CaMBD peptide without the glycine linker at a resolution of 2.1 A. The structure is essentially identical to the fusion construction which displays CaM bound to the CaMBD peptide as a dimer with an open, elongated conformation. (rcsb.org)
  • The N-lobe from one molecule and C-lobe from another encompass and bind the CaMBD peptide. (rcsb.org)
  • We discuss structural features that produce this novel binding motif, including the role of the CaMBD peptide residues Arg-408, Val-409, and Phe-410, which work to provide rigidity to the otherwise flexible central CaM helix joining the N- and C-lobes, ultimately keeping these lobes apart and forcing "head-to-tail" dimerization to attain the requisite N- and C-lobe pairing for CaMBD binding. (rcsb.org)
  • the addition of 10 µM of CaM-peptide significantly decreases the interaction of htt-exon1-44Q and CaM but not the binding between CaM and calcineurin, another CaM-binding protein. (ku.edu)
  • The relative sequence position of the anchor residues defines the binding mode of Ca2+-CaM-peptide complexes. (cas.cz)
  • The TRPM4_CT peptide contains several 1-10 motifs and thus it is possible to model its binding to Ca2+-CaM. (cas.cz)
  • This analysis revealed the presence of at least one binding domain within which visual scanning demonstrated the presence of valid binding motifs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We searched the PDB and selected representative structures representing various canonical binding motifs (1-5-10, 1-8-14, 1-10, 1-14, etc. (cas.cz)
  • Myosin-1A targets to microvilli using multiple membrane binding motifs in the tail homology 1 (TH1) domain. (nih.gov)
  • Sequence motifs for calmodulin recognition. (embl.de)
  • A modified version of the IQ motif as a consensus for Ca2+-independent binding and two related motifs for Ca2+-dependent binding, termed 18-14 and 1-5-10 based on the position of conserved hydrophobic residues, are proposed. (embl.de)
  • Like that of the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), the binding of Ca(2+)-bound calmodulin (CaM) also regulates the activity of the inducible isoform (iNOS). (nih.gov)
  • CaM binds to the SK channel through the CaMBD, which is located in an intracellular region of the alpha-subunit immediately carboxy-terminal to the pore. (wikipedia.org)
  • Intracellular helix 4-5 A between S4 and S5 of transmembrane segments bind in a pocket of the N-lobe of CaM. (elifesciences.org)
  • The TRPs channels N-and C- tails contain a number of conserved epitopes that specifically bind the intracellular modulators. (cas.cz)
  • The primary mediator of the intracellular effects of calcium is the calcium-binding regulatory protein, calmodulin. (medscape.com)
  • We show that the C-terminal tail of Dfi1p binds to calmodulin in vitro, and mutations that affect this region affect both calmodulin binding in vitro and invasive filamentation when incorporated into the full length Dfi1p protein. (tufts.edu)
  • 1983. Correlation of metal toxicity with in vitro calmodulin inhibition. (cdc.gov)
  • Composition-gradient multi-angle light scattering (CG-MALS) assays of SKp-binding full-length CaM constructs. (elifesciences.org)
  • Calmodulin-binding assays corroborate the interaction for heterologously expressed as well as native Tic32. (ox.ac.uk)
  • CaM overlay assays localized the CaM-binding domain of At-ACA8p to a region of the N terminus of the enzyme around tryptophan-47. (unimi.it)
  • Using affinity-chromatography on calmodulin-agarose, we could identify the inner envelope translocon component Tic32 as the predominant calmodulin-binding protein of this membrane. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Although calmodulin (CaM) is the most abundant Ca 2+ -binding protein and has a submicromolar affinity for Ca 2+ , it is not the Ca 2+ sensor for vesicular fusion because this process requires Ca 2+ concentrations above 1 μM. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Ca2+-bound calmodulin (Ca2+CaM) activates the cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) via a high affinity binding site and inhibits activity via a lower affinity site. (ox.ac.uk)
  • A Ca2+-ATPase was purified from plasma membranes (PM) isolated from Arabidopsis cultured cells by calmodulin (CaM)-affinity chromatography. (unimi.it)
  • In molecular biology, calmodulin binding domain (CaMBD) is a protein domain found in small-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (SK channels). (wikipedia.org)
  • C-domain helices HA and HB of the cross-subunit bind the C-lobe of CaM. (elifesciences.org)
  • Calmodulin Binding Domain Ca2+ is a fragment of aa290-309 of Calmodulin-dependent Protein Kinase II (CaMKII). (echelon-inc.com)
  • The interaction is calcium-dependent and is mediated by a calmodulin-binding domain between Leu-296 and Leu-314 close to the C-proximal end of the pea Tic32. (ox.ac.uk)
  • At-ACA8 is the first plant PM localized Ca2+-ATPase to be cloned and is clearly distinct from animal PM Ca2+-ATPases due to the localization of its CaM-binding domain. (unimi.it)
  • At-ACA8 encodes a plasma membrane-localized calcium-ATPAse of arabidopsis with a calmodulin-binding domain at the N terminus / M.C. Bonza, P. Morandini, L. Luoni, M. Geisler, M.G. Palmgren, M.I. De Michelis. (unimi.it)
  • However, their calcium-binding domain is restricted by calmodulin from metazoans. (mdpi.com)
  • In this study, we developed red GECI, called FRCaMP, using calmodulin (CaM) from Schizosaccharomyces pombe fungus as a calcium binding domain. (mdpi.com)
  • Figure 6: Drugs targeting ryanodine receptor function through improved FKBP12.6 binding and domain zipping. (nature.com)
  • Effect of an Inhibitor on the ACE2-Receptor-Binding Domain of SARS-CoV-2. (acs.org)
  • The chromo-domain binds histone H3 tails methylated on lysine 9. (cipsm.de)
  • The prooncoprotein EWS binds calmodulin and is phosphorylated by protein kinase C through an IQ domain. (embl.de)
  • Here we report that EWS, a nuclear RNA-binding prooncoprotein, contains an IQ domain, is phosphorylated by protein kinase C, and interacts with calmodulin. (embl.de)
  • Mice homozygous for an allele lacking the calmodulin-binding domain exhibit defective olfactory neural signaling. (jax.org)
  • This structure revealed a novel CaM binding motif. (rcsb.org)
  • Thus, it validates the existence of this novel CaM binding motif. (rcsb.org)
  • The C-terminal tail of Dfi1p has a calmodulin binding motif, suggesting that Dfi1p binding to calmodulin may affect Cek1p activation and invasive filamentation. (tufts.edu)
  • The goal of this work was to determine the importance of the calmodulin binding motif of Dfi1p in filamentation and signaling. (tufts.edu)
  • Mutations in the KCNQ1 [Ca 2+ ] i /CaM-binding IQ motif sites (S373P, W392R, or R539W)blocked the action of gintonin on I Ks channel. (molcells.org)
  • Short calmodulin-binding motif containing conserved Ile and Gln residues. (embl.de)
  • Calmodulin-binding motif. (embl.de)
  • These polypeptides were subject to phosphorylation by endogenous calmodulin-dependent protein kinast type II, with a concomitant reduction in 125 I-tubulin binding. (uky.edu)
  • Interestingly, PKC phosphorylation of EWS inhibits its binding to RNA homopolymers, and conversely, RNA binding to EWS interferes with PKC phosphorylation. (embl.de)
  • Mutants of ER-α at the CaM-binding site (W292A and K299A) weaken binding to CaM, and I298E/K299D disrupts estrogen-induced transcription. (rcsb.org)
  • The calmodulin-binding transcription activators (CAMTA) play critical roles in plant growth and responses to environmental stimuli. (frontiersin.org)
  • We propose that conformational changes in Dfi1p in response to environmental conditions encountered during growth allow the protein to bind calmodulin and initiate a signaling cascade that activates Cek1p. (tufts.edu)
  • The binding sites for each lobe of CaM need not be on the same subunit and the depiction is meant to emphasize that SK responds to Ca 2+ binding to both lobes of CaM. (elifesciences.org)
  • These results show that gintonin-mediated enhancement of I Ks channel currents is achieved through binding of the [Ca 2+ ] i /CaM complex to the C terminus of KCNQ1 subunit. (molcells.org)
  • Slight increases in the binding of a monoclonal antibody to the a subunit of CaM kinase II were seen, while large increases in the binding of [125Icalmodulin to the a subunit of CaM kinase II also were observed. (cdc.gov)
  • What is the equation for K a for receptor binding? (flashcardmachine.com)
  • How is a receptor-ligand binding curve determined? (flashcardmachine.com)
  • Describe the three lines on a receptor-ligand binding curve? (flashcardmachine.com)
  • Interaction of organochlorine compounds with thyroid receptor, transthyretin, and thyroid-binding globulin. (cdc.gov)
  • These results suggest that NOS isoforms, although all possessing a prototypical CaM binding sequence and requiring CaM for activity, interact with CaM differently. (nih.gov)
  • abstract = "Calmodulin (CaM) is known to be a ciliary component. (elsevierpure.com)
  • We have used chemically synthesised peptides of the TRPM4, mimicking the binding epitopes, along with fluorescence methods to determine and specify CaM- and S100A1- binding sites. (cas.cz)
  • Breakdown of immune tolerance is believed to be one of the major mechanisms which triggers the production of autoantibodies by B cells and antibody forming cells, leading to inflammation upon binding to autoantigens and consequent tissue damage [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The two lobes of CaM both compete for binding at the same site on ER-α (residues 292, 296, 299, 302, and 303), which explains why full-length CaM binds two molecules of ER-α in a 1:2 complex and stabilizes ER-α dimerization. (rcsb.org)
  • The molecular models supported by data from the fluorescence method confirmed that the complexes formations are mediated by the positively charged (R139, R140, R144) and hydrophobic (L134, L138, V143) residues present at the TRPM4 N-terminus binding epitopes. (cas.cz)
  • Regulatory circuits include redox-control as well as calcium-regulation, with calmodulin being the likely mediator of the latter. (ox.ac.uk)
  • It was identified new binding sites for the calmodulin (CaM) and S100A1, located in the very distal part of the TRPM4 N-terminus. (cas.cz)
  • It was recognized that the ligands binding epitopes at the TRPM4 N-terminus overlap, but the interacting mechanism of both complexes is probably different. (cas.cz)
  • The C terminus of the KCNQ1 channel protein has two calmodulin-binding sites that are involved in regulating I Ks channels. (molcells.org)
  • Elongation factor-1α (EF-1α) was identified as a Ca 2+ /CaM-binding protein in cilia. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The tubulin-binding polypeptides could also associate with the radiolabeled α- and β-subunits of the calmodulin-dependent protein kinase. (uky.edu)
  • There also was an observed increase in the autophosphorylation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM kinase II). (cdc.gov)
  • To gain insight into the general applicability of this hypothesis, the involvement of calmodulin in neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, frontotemporal dementia, and other dementias was explored. (biomedcentral.com)
  • CAMTAs participate in gene expression regulation by binding to the cis -elements in the promoter regions of numerous target genes. (frontiersin.org)
  • They are heteromeric complexes that comprise pore-forming alpha-subunits and the Ca2+-binding protein calmodulin (CaM). (wikipedia.org)
  • Diagonal subunits of SK4 bind a CaM in EM structure. (elifesciences.org)
  • B ) Bottom views of SK4 showing all four subunits showing CaMs bound, left side, or with CaM models removed, right side. (elifesciences.org)
  • Channel opening is triggered when Ca2+ binds the EF hands in the N-lobe of CaM. (wikipedia.org)
  • The N-lobe binds a Ca 2+ -dependent site when Ca 2+ binds to it. (elifesciences.org)
  • E1Q is depicted as a dumbbell with an 'x' in the upper lobe to indicate where Ca 2+ binding is disrupted. (elifesciences.org)
  • Therefore, it can not be ruled out that the TRP re-entrant (TRPM4_CT) is bound to calmodulin by only one CaM lobe. (cas.cz)
  • To characterize the epitope in greater and atomic detail, saturation transfer difference nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was performed with the Mannitou antigen-binding fragment. (bvsalud.org)
  • Recently, Np95 (also known as UHRF1 or ICBP90) has been found to interact with Dnmt1 and to bind hemimethylated DNA, indicating together with genetic studies a central role in the maintenance of DNA methylation. (cipsm.de)
  • Calcium-dependent regulation of ER-α is critical for activating gene expression and is controlled by calmodulin (CaM). (rcsb.org)
  • Upon binding of Ca2+ and calmodulin (Ca2+/CaM) to CaMBD, the autoinhibitory domains dissociate from the catalytic groove, thus activating the enzyme. (rcsb.org)
  • Calcium regulation of chloroplast protein translocation is mediated by calmodulin binding to Tic32. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Stimulation of TCRs upon antigen binding triggers downstream signalling pathways which enables various physiological functions of the T cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Unexpectedly and in contrast to earlier findings, Man5GlcNAc2-type structures bind equally well and a large tolerance was observed for substitutions on the α1,6 arm. (bvsalud.org)
  • However, the role of each of the four Ca(2+)-binding sites of CaM in the activity of iNOS is unclear. (nih.gov)
  • The same Glu (E) to Gln (Q) mutant series of CaM used previously [Stevens-Truss, R., Beckingham, K., and Marletta, M. A. (1997) Biochemistry 36, 12337-12345] to study the role of the Ca(2+)-binding sites in the activity of nNOS was used for these studies. (nih.gov)
  • We demonstrate here that activity of iNOS is dependent on Ca(2+) being bound to sites II (B2Q) and III (B3Q) of CaM. (nih.gov)
  • Nitric oxide ((*)NO) producing activity (as measured using the hemoglobin assay) of iNOS bound to the B2Q and B3Q CaMs was found to be 41 and 43% of the wild-type activity, respectively. (nih.gov)
  • At the same time, dehydrogenase activity of Tic32 is affected by calmodulin. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We investigate the solution structure of calbindin D 9k using SAXS and quantify the protein-protein interactions through second virial coefficients as a function of the calcium binding state (holo and apo) and the screening conditions, both experimentally and via Monte Carlo computer simulations. (lu.se)
  • Calmodulin is an essential Ca2+-binding protein that binds to a variety of targets that carry out critical signaling functions. (lu.se)