• The primary structure of these proteins contains an N-terminal hydrophobic leader sequence of 30-40 amino acids, which could represent a signal for translocation of the protein to the ER. (wikipedia.org)
  • The DYNC1H1 gene mutations that cause SMA-LED replace single protein building blocks (amino acids) in the heavy chain subunit of the dynein complex. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Here, we characterize its functions in carbohydrate and TG metabolism in hepatocytes (HCs), examine its involvement on subcellular transport of cholesterol in endothelial cells (ECs) and assess the role of ORP2 in key cell signaling processes in both HCs and ECs. (helsinki.fi)
  • Iron-binding proteins are carrier proteins and metalloproteins that are important in iron metabolism and the immune response. (wikipedia.org)
  • In vitro microsomal studies were used to independently estimate microsomal binding and metabolism. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Oxysterol binding protein-related protein 2 (ORP2) belongs to a ubiquitously expressed and conserved family of LTPs, the oxysterol binding protein (OSBP)-relate proteins. (helsinki.fi)
  • This gene encodes a member of the oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP) family, a group of intracellular lipid receptors that play a key role in the maintenance of cholesterol balance in the body. (nih.gov)
  • Oxysterol binding protein-related protein-5 is related to invasion and poor prognosis in pancreatic cancer. (nih.gov)
  • Oxysterol-binding protein related-proteins (ORPs) 5 and 8 regulate calcium signaling at specific cell compartments. (nih.gov)
  • Oxysterol-binding protein-related protein 5 (ORP5) promotes cell proliferation by activation of mTORC1 signaling. (nih.gov)
  • 4MIJ: Crystal structure of a Trap periplasmic solute binding protein from Polaromonas sp. (rcsb.org)
  • It is concluded that fructose is transported into A. radiobacter and related organisms via a periplasmic fructose/mannose-binding-protein-dependent active-transport system, in contrast to the phosphotransferase system used by many other species of bacteria. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Periplasmic LptC and LptA proteins of the LPS transport system (Lpt) are responsible for LPS transfer between the Lpt inner and outer membrane complexes. (nih.gov)
  • Through this interaction, mRNAs and their associative proteins form messenger ribonucleoprotein particles (mRNPs) that are actively transported along the cytoskeleton to intracellular destinations. (frontiersin.org)
  • Spatial segregation of proteins to neuronal axons arises in part from local translation of select mRNAs that are first transported into axons in ribonucleoprotein particles (RNPs), complexes containing mRNAs and RNA binding proteins. (biorxiv.org)
  • Restricting local translation to the appropriate cellular compartment at the correct developmental timepoint requires correct positioning of ribonucleoprotein particles (RNPs), complexes that contain mRNAs and the RNA binding proteins that control their translation. (biorxiv.org)
  • Although PPL is present in the bloodstream, no information is found on the interaction between PPL and rat serum albumin (RSA), the most abundant protein with the function of transporting endo/exogenous molecules. (nature.com)
  • Using the yeast three hybrid assay, we selected RNA molecules that retain Tap binding activity from a pool of randomized CTE sequences. (princeton.edu)
  • The nucleus of a eukaryotic cell is separated from the cytoplasm by the nuclear envelope, and large molecules such as proteins are transported in and out of the nucleus by transport receptors. (oist.jp)
  • Interestingly, the DNA binding domain of importin α is a chameleon sequence that changes its structure depending on the environments and it regulates each step of nuclear transport function of importin α by interacting with several molecules. (oist.jp)
  • ABC (ATP binding cassette) transporters catalyze the transport of a wide variety of molecules across lipid bilayers into or out of cells and organelles. (rug.nl)
  • We aimed to assess the value of liver fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) in the diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in comparison to ultrasonography. (scirp.org)
  • importin α is a typical nuclear import receptor which transport hundreds of functional proteins into the nucleus. (oist.jp)
  • To overcome the α-adrenergic receptor blockade, new α-receptor protein must be synthesized in the inhibited receptor internalized by the cell and degraded. (pharmacology2000.com)
  • Interaction of organochlorine compounds with thyroid receptor, transthyretin, and thyroid-binding globulin. (cdc.gov)
  • Elucidate the structure, dynamics and functions of intrinsically disordered proteins and protein regions (IDPs/IDRs) and their biological regulation by Post-translational modifications. (upstate.edu)
  • But appearances can be deceiving: "These so-called intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) can snuggle up to other proteins as if they were soft pillows, thereby manipulate them. (eurekalert.org)
  • The transcription factor TATA-box binding protein (TBP) modulates gene expression in nuclei. (sinica.edu.tw)
  • RNA transport and regulated local translation play critically important roles in spatially restricting gene expression in neurons. (frontiersin.org)
  • The existence of mRNAs retaining both nuclear cap binding protein and EJC in the distal sites of neuronal processes suggests that some localized mRNAs have not yet undergone the "very first translation," which contribute to the spatio-temporal regulation of gene expression. (frontiersin.org)
  • The DYNC1H1 gene provides instructions for making a protein that is part of a group (complex) of proteins called dynein. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The protein produced from the DYNC1H1 gene is a heavy chain. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Then, using the advanced robotic system in Schuldiner's lab, they systematically looked at the ability of a protein to reach the endoplasmic reticulum membrane in the absence of each gene in the yeast cell, finding three that appeared to be necessary to the process of transporting these particular "problematic" proteins. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • An example is a mutation in the gene for the Glut1 protein that causes two specific building blocks of protein, namely leucines, to lie next to one another, creating a so-called dileucine motif. (eurekalert.org)
  • The involvement of viral DNA-binding proteins in the regulation of virulence genes, transcription, DNA replication, and repair make them significant targets. (mdpi.com)
  • When these genes were missing, the researchers observed accumulations of protein within the cell - proteins that had not managed to reach their destination outside of it. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • MIR-1265 regulates cellular proliferation and apoptosis by targeting calcium binding protein 39 in gastric cancer and, thereby, impairing oncogenic autophagy. (nih.gov)
  • Additional protein binding (at physiological conditions) and kinetic cellular transport experiments quantifying chemical transport and binding rates were conducted to further explore implications of chemical mixtures transport. (cdc.gov)
  • Miniscule changes in previously little-noticed flexible segments of the Glut1 protein could lead to severe cellular disturbances - other genetic disorders might be caused by the same mechanism. (eurekalert.org)
  • Malformed and contorted, the protein can no longer carry out its task in the cellular machinery and thus triggers the syndrome. (eurekalert.org)
  • Many cellular processes are based on such interactions between proteins. (eurekalert.org)
  • But some of the mutated proteins completely lost this ability or bound to other proteins and thus disrupted the operation of the cellular machinery. (eurekalert.org)
  • The cellular apparatus involved in pinching off vesicles from the cell membranes and transporting them into the cell's interior via endocytosis is partially responsible for misrouting the Glut1 protein. (eurekalert.org)
  • Importin α binds multiple DNA sequences with different affinities, and efficiently slides along DNA. (oist.jp)
  • RNA binding proteins recognize these sequences and assemble with their mRNA target into mRNPs. (europa.eu)
  • Heterogeneous population of RNA granules serve as motile units to translocate, store, translate, and degrade mRNAs in the dendrites contain cis -elements and trans -acting factors such as RNA-binding proteins and microRNAs to convey stimulus-, transcript-specific local translation. (frontiersin.org)
  • Fragile X granules (FXGs) are axonal RNPs containing the Fragile X related family of RNA binding proteins along with ribosomes and specific mRNAs. (biorxiv.org)
  • mRNAs are transported along microtubules (MTs) by different kinesins and cytoplasmic dynein and get anchored at the actin cortex, intermediate filaments or unknown structures (1, 3). (europa.eu)
  • This defines the extent to which transport of an mRNP is biased towards one direction, which ultimately gives rise to the steady state distributions pattern of mRNAs observed (5). (europa.eu)
  • It is still not known which RBPs or adaptor proteins are essential to recruit microtubule-binding motor proteins to mRNPs and to which extend this varies between different transported mRNAs. (europa.eu)
  • mRNA transport in neurons: In neurons, thousands of mRNAs are transported into axons or dendrites by so far not identified transport mechanisms (6). (europa.eu)
  • Neuronal mRNA transport occurs in packages of single to a few copies of mRNAs (8-11), mostly in a translationally repressed mode. (europa.eu)
  • In vitro transport studies have demonstrated co-translational glycosylation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Monensin did not affect binding or metabolic activity in vitro for the drugs. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Here, we have used in vivo assays, in both yeast and human cells, together with in vitro assays, to further characterize the RNA binding properties of Tap, which has been proposed to contain a novel leucine-rich RNA binding motif. (princeton.edu)
  • Coupling in vitro and computational methods to investigate the transport of herbicide/insecticide mixtures into saliva. (cdc.gov)
  • An in vitro system was employed to evaluate the chemical transport of a simultaneous dosing of 2,4-D and TCPy across a monolayer of serous-acinar cells cultured from the submaxillary saliva gland of Sprague-Dawley rats. (cdc.gov)
  • Thus, the principle of protein or peptide haptenation could be used in in vitro assays to predict the sensitization potential of a new chemical entity. (cdc.gov)
  • MiR-107 confers chemoresistance to colorectal cancer by targeting calcium-binding protein 39. (nih.gov)
  • While at the college, Wasserman studied the mechanisms of mineral ion transport, focusing on the function of vitamin D on intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus. (cornell.edu)
  • Wasserman would make foundational discoveries in this line of study, including the identification and characterization of calcium-binding protein, known today as calbindin. (cornell.edu)
  • Proteins to which calcium ions are bound. (bvsalud.org)
  • It is becoming evident that while the bulk lipid transport occurs via vesicular transport, a major portion of lipids are trafficked by lipid transfer proteins (LTPs). (helsinki.fi)
  • How does crowding affect mobility of proteins and lipids? (rug.nl)
  • The paper contains several other findings and achievements, including characterization of the first ever protein structures containing transuranic elements and how use of the protein can sensitize the metal's luminescence, which could lead to potential medical and industrial applications. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Enables kinase binding activity and protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity. (nih.gov)
  • Most members contain an N-terminal pleckstrin homology domain and a highly conserved C-terminal OSBP-like sterol-binding domain. (nih.gov)
  • Hepatic vesicular ion-trapping, intrinsic elimination clearance, permeability-surface area product, and intracellular binding were derived using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model. (aspetjournals.org)
  • By tracing significant alterations of protein expression likely relevant for the observed phenotypic effects, the capacity of a galectin to affect the proteome of human colon cancer cells at multiple sites is revealed. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • This study investigated the relative contribution of ion-trapping, microsomal binding, and distribution of unbound drug as determinants in the hepatic retention of basic drugs in the isolated perfused rat liver. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Lipophilicity and p K a determined hepatic drug retention: a drug with low p K a and low lipophilicity (e.g., antipyrine) distributes as unbound drug, a drug with high p K a and low lipophilicity (e.g., atenolol) by ion-trapping, and a drug with a high p K a and high lipophilicity (e.g., propranolol) is retained by ion-trapping and intracellular binding. (aspetjournals.org)
  • in this situation, factors influencing permeability of the blood-brain barrier (eg, acidosis, infection) and the amount of unbound (versus albumin-bound) bilirubin may play a role. (medscape.com)
  • The transport of chemicals across the cell layer (via passive diffusion) was influenced by the binding of proteins (i.e. unbound chemicals were able to pass through the cell layer). (cdc.gov)
  • Retention within the lumen of the ER correlates with an additional signal located at the C terminus, represented by the sequence Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu, known to be responsible for preventing secretion of proteins from the lumen of the ER in eukaryotic cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • These results suggest that NOS isoforms, although all possessing a prototypical CaM binding sequence and requiring CaM for activity, interact with CaM differently. (nih.gov)
  • The N-terminal amino acid sequence of FBP (ADTSVCLI-) was similar to that of several sugar-binding proteins from other species of bacteria. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Together, these observations provide additional evidence supporting the identification of Tap as the direct cofactor for CTE function and demonstrate that RNA binding by Tap is highly sequence specific. (princeton.edu)
  • We will also review the function and properties of the chameleon sequence of importin α and propose a new model of chromatin regulation focusing on the crosstalk between nuclear transport and DNA binding. (oist.jp)
  • Download DNA or protein sequence, view genomic context and coordinates. (yeastgenome.org)
  • Basic sequence-derived (length, molecular weight, isoelectric point) and experimentally-determined (median abundance, median absolute deviation) protein information. (yeastgenome.org)
  • Click "Protein Details" for further information about the protein such as half-life, abundance, domains, domains shared with other proteins, protein sequence retrieval for various strains, physico-chemical properties, protein modification sites, and external identifiers for the protein. (yeastgenome.org)
  • 3 The tandem CBS domain 4 , which is linked to the nucleotide binding protein, plays a pivotal role in the regulation. (rug.nl)
  • nucleotide binding domains in red. (rug.nl)
  • Mutations affecting zipcodes, RBPs or motor-proteins required for neuronal mRNA localization were shown to lead to severe neurodegenerative diseases as ALS, FXTAS and FXS (7), underlining the need to understand the mechanisms that drive neuronal mRNA transport. (europa.eu)
  • In neurons, local translation is supported by a variety of RNPs that can differ in their prevalence, mRNA cargoes, and RNA binding protein composition depending upon developmental stage, neuronal cell type, and subcellular location. (biorxiv.org)
  • Dynein helps neighboring nerve cells (neurons) communicate by transporting sac-like structures called synaptic vesicles that contain chemical messengers. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Decreased synaptic vesicle transport in neurons that control muscle movement (motor neurons), leading to impaired neuronal growth, is thought to contribute to the muscle weakness and atrophy experienced by people with SMA-LED. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Localised translation allows neurons to react to incoming stimuli instantly by locally producing proteins, which is a requirement for long-term memory formation and maintenance. (europa.eu)
  • While it is clear, that RNA distribution patterns in neurons are created by active transport processes of mRNPs along microtubules, the essential enzymatic activities required are not known. (europa.eu)
  • Here we report a class of mRNA granules in human neuronal processes that are enriched in the nuclear cap-binding protein complex (CBC) and exon junction complex (EJC) core components, Y14 and eIF4AIII. (frontiersin.org)
  • The dynein-dynactin complex is necessary for protein transport, positioning of cell compartments, movement of structures within the cell, and many other cell processes. (medlineplus.gov)
  • 1D annotation analysis of the results indicated down-regulation of DNA replication-associated processes, while protein presence for secretory and transport functions appeared increased. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Context and state of the art mRNA transport in general: Cytoplasmic mRNA transport and local translation are essential for many processes requiring symmetry breaking such as embryonic development, cell migration and neuronal differentiation (1). (europa.eu)
  • It is thought that motor or adaptor proteins recognise different features on the surface of mRNPs with different affinities. (europa.eu)
  • In such cases, she says, the mutation occurs in flexible loops in the proteins, which until recently were thought to have no function because they lack a defined structure. (eurekalert.org)
  • Could it be that in people affected by this mutation the Glut1 protein is not defective but has instead ended up in the wrong place in the cell? (eurekalert.org)
  • She searched databases and found a patient with Glut1 deficiency syndrome in whom the protein region contained a mutation creating the dileucine motif. (eurekalert.org)
  • When synaptic vesicles are passed from one neuron to another, the dynein-dynactin complex transports the vesicle from the edge of the cell to the nucleus, where the chemical message is received. (medlineplus.gov)
  • 1994). High-res- belongs to the family of intracellular lipid bind- olution crystal structures (Sacchetti ni et al. (lu.se)
  • In large organisms, exchange surfaces are associated with mass transport systems that carry substances between the exchange surfaces and the rest of the body and between parts of the body. (aqa.org.uk)
  • Mass transport maintains the final diffusion gradients that bring substances to and from the cell membranes of individual cells. (aqa.org.uk)
  • These are the first protein structures containing thorium or the transuranic elements plutonium, americium, or curium," Abergel said. (sciencedaily.com)
  • A structural genomics approach is used to determine to the structures of proteins belonging to other classes of ABC transporters. (rug.nl)
  • These structures also reveal mechanisms governing ligand binding substates, as well as allosteric coupling between key sites that are proximal to the selectivity filter and cytoplasmic gate. (sdsc.edu)
  • Most of the circulating testosterone is bound to carrier proteins (sex hormone-binding globulin [SHBG], and albumin). (cdc.gov)
  • Considering the lipophilic characteristics of PPL, its transport through plasma must be assisted by carrier proteins, such as albumin. (nature.com)
  • Also, urinary loss of both vitamin D and vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) has been reported in these individuals. (karger.com)
  • This process requires the involvement of nuclear transport receptors, collectively termed karyopherin-ß (Kap-ß) in yeast, and various regulatory factors. (sinica.edu.tw)
  • Blockade of transport receptors may alter tissue exposure (eg, diuresis from blockade of adenosine A1 receptors, such as with aminophylline, may decrease exposure). (msdmanuals.com)
  • The team led by Dr. Kuo-Chiang Hsia (Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica) and Dr. Wei-Yi Chen (Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University) presents a cryo-EM structure of Kap114p, one of the Kap-βs, in complex with TATA box binding protein and reveals a non-canonical function beyond nuclear transport that modulates TBP-dependent transcription. (sinica.edu.tw)
  • The human Tap protein has been proposed to mediate Mason Pfizer monkey virus constitutive transport element (CTE)-dependent nuclear RNA export and may also play a role in global mRNA export. (princeton.edu)
  • Surprisingly, importin α interacts simultaneously with cargo proteins and DNA, suggesting that importin α plays a role not only in nuclear import but also in the functional regulation of cargo proteins on DNA. (oist.jp)
  • We will review the nuclear transport function of importin α and present our recent findings on the function of DNA binding. (oist.jp)
  • Like that of the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), the binding of Ca(2+)-bound calmodulin (CaM) also regulates the activity of the inducible isoform (iNOS). (nih.gov)
  • Identification of two fructose transport and phosphorylation pathways in Xanthomonas campestris pv. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • We showed that by adding the protein we enhance the sensitization pathways, making it much brighter," Abergel said. (sciencedaily.com)
  • But even with two shuttle services, the scientists noted there were still proteins that were not easily recognized by the pathways. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • Together with the Weissman lab in San Francisco, the scientists revealed that this third pathway is active when the "passport" is closer to the center of the protein - the region the other two pathways have a hard time reading. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • FXG-regulated local protein synthesis may thus provide a conserved mechanism for regulating neuronal circuit function. (biorxiv.org)
  • Albumin, which exists in far higher concentrations than SHBG, also binds sexual steroids - although with a clearly lower binding affinity (e.g. about 100 times lower for testosterone). (cdc.gov)
  • The tertiary structure is composed of two lobes, termed N and C lobes, each containing one iron-binding pocket. (wikipedia.org)
  • rab2 GTP-Binding Protein" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (umassmed.edu)
  • One of the ABC transporters that is studied in detail is the osmoregulatory ABC transporter OpuA (class D). Osmotic control of OpuA involves gating by intracellular ionic strength and is mediated by lipid-protein interactions. (rug.nl)
  • After induction of long-term potentiation, CaMKIIa-mRNA is transported to distal parts of dendrites where its translation is locally regulated (12, 13). (europa.eu)
  • As a result, the movement of proteins, synaptic vesicles, and other materials within cells is reduced. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Prolonged growth of A. radiobacter in fructose-limited continuous culture led to the selection of a novel strain (AR100) which overproduced a fructose-binding protein (FBP) and showed an increased rate of fructose transport. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Heme proteins are proteins that contain a heme prosthetic group. (wikipedia.org)
  • Each of the four monomeric units contain a heme prosthetic group in which a ferric cation is bound between four nitrogen atoms of a porphyrin ring. (wikipedia.org)
  • Oxygen binding is fully cooperative for each of the subunits because as the first oxygen binds to one of the four heme groups, the protein undergoes a drastic conformational change that sharply increases the oxygen affinity of the other three subunits. (wikipedia.org)
  • These proteins act as electron shuttles by switching the oxidation state of the heme iron atom between ferrous (Fe2+) and ferric (Fe3+). (wikipedia.org)
  • We studied the effect of molybdenum (Mo) concentration on transcription and translation of a putative Mo-storage protein (Mop) in the freshwater heterocystous cyanobacterium, Nostoc sp. (scirp.org)
  • Nitric oxide ((*)NO) producing activity (as measured using the hemoglobin assay) of iNOS bound to the B2Q and B3Q CaMs was found to be 41 and 43% of the wild-type activity, respectively. (nih.gov)
  • Meyer therefore began by looking into which of the cell's proteins come into contact with flexible mutated protein regions. (eurekalert.org)
  • The protein was instead in the cell's interior as if it had gotten lost. (eurekalert.org)
  • Before we can understand how overall distributions of thousands of mRNA are generated, we first need to understand how any specific mRNA can be transported along microtubules - a question unanswered since the first MT based mRNA transport was observed more than 2 decades ago. (europa.eu)
  • We have proposed that under conditions of severe osmotic stress (panel b, lower figure), the cell membrane contacts the nucleoid, which creates pools of proteins and hinders free diffusion through the cell. (rug.nl)
  • They cause the Glut1 protein to lose its function in the cell membrane: the protein no longer transports glucose from the blood into the brain. (eurekalert.org)