• Numerous proteins regulating the rearrangement of the cytoskeleton are indicative of the functional and structural dynamics of the presynapse. (mdpi.com)
  • Binds to actin and affects the structure of the cytoskeleton. (nih.gov)
  • These compound mutant mice were compared to FXS mice to determine if genetically impairing pathways to the actin cytoskeleton can rescue deficits in the FXS mice. (fraxa.org)
  • PAK, a kinase that regulates the actin cytoskeleton downstream of Rac, also binds FMRP. (fraxa.org)
  • The actin cytoskeleton is a complex structure that performs a wide range of cellular functions. (edu.au)
  • In particular, 1) the structure of actin was resolved from crystals in the absence of cocrystallized actin binding proteins (ABPs), 2) the prokaryotic ancestral gene of actin was crystallized and its function as a bacterial cytoskeleton was revealed, and 3) the structure of the Arp2/3 complex was described for the first time. (edu.au)
  • Eukaryotic cells rely on de novo nucleation mechanisms to generate actin filaments in order to elicit spatial and temporal remodeling of their actin cytoskeleton. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Encodes profilin3, a low-molecular weight, actin monomer-binding protein that regulates the organization of actin cytoskeleton. (or.jp)
  • The actin cytoskeleton is essential in eukaryotes, not least in the plant kingdom where it plays key roles in cell expansion, cell division, environmental responses and pathogen defence. (biorxiv.org)
  • In addition to these results, our algorithm is designed to be easily adaptable to other tissues, mutants and plants, and so will be a valuable asset for the study and future biological engineering of the actin cytoskeleton in globally-important crops. (biorxiv.org)
  • In addition, this problem is by far the most acute for actin, the narrowest element of the cytoskeleton, which is ubiquitous throughout eukaryotic cells. (biorxiv.org)
  • Formed from polymerisation of discrete protein sub-units, the cytoskeleton connects to various organelles (including the nucleus) and the plasma membrane. (biorxiv.org)
  • The cytoskeleton is typically divided into three distinct components: microtubules, intermediate filaments and actin[ 4 , 5 ]. (biorxiv.org)
  • Finally, actin filaments, also known as microfilaments, are the narrowest components of the cytoskeleton and are constructed from globular actin sub-units (G-actin) that assemble to form a helical structure 5-7nm in diameter[ 12 ]. (biorxiv.org)
  • Cell migration, an integral component of tumor invasion and metastasis, is regulated by the assembly and disassembly of actin cytoskeleton, which involves the coordinated action of several classes of actin binding proteins. (pitt.edu)
  • Profilin is a low-molecular weight, actin monomer-binding protein that regulates the organization of actin cytoskeleton in eukaryotes, including higher plants. (or.jp)
  • The actin cytoskeleton is involved in an array of integral structural and developmental processes throughout the cell. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Actin Binding Proteins (ABPs) facilitate rapid remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton by regulating the unpolymerized (G-actin monomers) and polymerized (F-actin filaments) actin (ACT) equilibrium [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • How do motor proteins transport cargo along the cytoskeleton? (mechanobio.info)
  • The cytoskeleton is a highly dynamic network of filamentous proteins that enables the active transport of cellular cargo, transduces force, and when assembled into higher-order structures, forms the basis for motile cellular structures that promote cell movement. (mechanobio.info)
  • Cargo that can be delivered or by cytoskeleton-dependent intracellular transport mechanisms can include other proteins and complex components. (mechanobio.info)
  • 2013. The plant actin cytoskeleton responds to signals from microbe-associated molecular patterns. (purdue.edu)
  • Ena/VASP proteins are actin-associated proteins involved in a range of processes dependent on cytoskeleton remodeling and cell polarity such as axon guidance, lamellipodial and filopodial dynamics, platelet activation and cell migration. (affbiotech.com)
  • Gastrulation is a critical morphogenetic event during vertebrate embryogenesis, and it is comprised of directional cell movement resulting from the polarization and reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton . (xenbase.org)
  • However, the molecular mechanisms by which the Wnt pathway mediates changes to the cellular actin cytoskeleton remains poorly defined. (xenbase.org)
  • describes work done on Actin Interacting Protein 1 (AIP1), which is known to cap the barbed ends of F-actin filaments and to enhance the activity of Actin Deploymerising Factor (ADF) in vitro. (cyclingforums.com)
  • During differentiation, upon exit from stem-cell-containing crypts, enterocytes build thousands of microvilli, each supported by a parallel bundle of actin filaments several microns in length. (vanderbilt.edu)
  • Unlike the globular units of microtubules and actin filaments, intermediate filaments are themselves constructed from filamentous sub-units, and confer strength as well as stress resistance to the cell[ 10 ]. (biorxiv.org)
  • Actin microfilaments are present as both individual filaments and bundled into thicker filaments, and play a key role in plant cell growth and internal transport[ 14 ]. (biorxiv.org)
  • Vahokoski J, Calder L, Lopez AJ, Molloy JE, Kursula I & Rosenthal PB (2022) High-resolution structures of malaria parasite actomyosin and actin filaments. (uib.no)
  • Intracellular L. monocytogenes replicate in the cytoplasm of host cells and induce the polymerization of host actin filaments at the bacterial surface. (silverchair.com)
  • Recently, profilin has also been found to inhibit the spontaneous polymerization of actin filaments by forming a 1:1 complex with G-actin, thereby lowering ATP-G-actin steady-state concentrations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although profilin-bound actin monomers cannot add to pointed ends of actin filaments, they have been shown to elongate filament barbed ends at approximately the same rate as free actin monomers [ 14 , 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Profilin promotes actin assembly at the barbed end of filaments and causes depolymerization of filaments by binding and sequestering G-actin. (ximbio.com)
  • Specific members of the Myosin superfamily of motor proteins are known to transport cargo along actin filaments. (mechanobio.info)
  • The transport of components along filopodial shafts is crucial to the continued growth of actin filaments and the formation of adhesions at the tips of filopodia. (mechanobio.info)
  • 2016. Profilin-dependent nucleation and assembly of actin filaments controls cell elongation in Arabidopsis. (purdue.edu)
  • Pre-formed actin filaments (PAFs) are supplied as a lyophilized powder. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • These stringently quality controlled filaments provide highly reliable and reproducible results in assays that require actin filament substrates. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • Profilin 2- ubiquitous actin monomer binding protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • This gene encodes a member of the profilin family of small actin-binding proteins. (nih.gov)
  • Profilins are small actin-binding proteins that have functions in cell motility, cytokinesis, gene transcription, endocytosis and neuronal plasticity. (ecmbio.com)
  • At high concentrations, profilin prevents the polymerization of actin, whereas it enhances it at low concentrations. (nih.gov)
  • The encoded protein plays an important role in actin dynamics by regulating actin polymerization in response to extracellular signals. (nih.gov)
  • CYFIP also couples Rac to WAVE-1, an activator of spine actin polymerization. (fraxa.org)
  • In vitro, the FH2 domain competes with barbed-end capping proteins and is necessary and sufficient to nucleate actin polymerization, but the FH1 domain, which interacts with profilin-actin, funnels actin to the nucleation vicinity and confers full activity to the molecule [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Specifically, Pfn1 overexpression stimulates actin polymerization, whereas expression of an actin-binding deficient mutant of Pfn1 decreases the overall level of polymerized actin in MDA-MB-231 cells. (pitt.edu)
  • Kumpula EP, Lopez AJ, Tajedin L, Han H & Kursula I (2019) Atomic view into Plasmodium actin polymerization, ATP hydrolysis, and fragmentation. (uib.no)
  • Polarized polymerization of actin propels the bacteria through the cytoplasm and into pseudopod-like structures that are engulfed by neighboring cells. (silverchair.com)
  • Once actin barbed ends (+ end of actin polarity) become blocked by capping proteins, profilin begins to sequester G-actin from pointed-end polymerization [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This would lead us to believe that profilin might be facilitating rather than inhibiting polymerization [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This idea is further strengthened by results indicating that profilin could lower the critical concentration of actin needed to drive polymerization [ 17 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Tyr-129 is phosphorylated in response to VEGF-A stimulation, and this promotes profilin actin binding and polymerization. (ecmbio.com)
  • They investigated what happens when they used RNAi to remove this protein from Arabidopsis. (cyclingforums.com)
  • Using this algorithm, we then studied a number of cases in Arabidopsis thaliana , including several different tissues, a variety of actin-affected mutants, and cells responding to powdery mildew. (biorxiv.org)
  • Arabidopsis thaliana is known to encode a family of five profilin sequence variants: three vegetative (also constitutive) profilins that are predominantly expressed in all vegetative tissues and ovules, and two reproductive profilins that are specifically expressed in pollen. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Evidence is presented that combinations of independent function, quantitative genetic effects, and functional redundancy have preserved the three vegetative profilin genes in the Arabidopsis lineage. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 2016. A processive Arabidopsis formin modulates actin-filament dynamics in association with profilin. (purdue.edu)
  • 2014. Heterodimeric capping protein from Arabidopsis is a membrane-associated, actin-binding protein. (purdue.edu)
  • 2014. Actin Depolymerizing Factor4 regulates actin dynamics during innate immune signaling in Arabidopsis. (purdue.edu)
  • Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 113 also known as HSPC065, GC16Pof6842 and GC16P044152, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCDC113 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • NDRG4 a member of the N-myc downregulated gene family belonging to the alpha/beta hydrolase superfamily which encodes a cytoplasmic protein responsible for cell cycle progression and survival in primary astrocytes and may be involved in regulation of mitogenic signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Extracellular vaccinia virus formation and cell-to-cell virus transmission are prevented by deletion of the gene encoding the 37,000-Dalton outer envelope protein. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Sequence analysis, expression, and deletion of a vaccinia virus gene encoding a homolog of profilin, a eukaryotic actin-binding protein. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Deletion of this gene is associated with Miller-Dieker syndrome, and the encoded protein may also play a role in Huntington disease. (nih.gov)
  • Description of the protein which includes the UniProt Function and the NCBI Gene Summary. (nih.gov)
  • Besides actin, Pfn1 also binds to several families of proline-rich ligands and these interactions have been implicated in several cellular processes including actin assembly, endocytosis and gene transcription. (pitt.edu)
  • Bhargav SP, Vahokoski J, Kallio JP, Torda A, Kursula P & Kursula I (2015) Two independently folding units of Plasmodium profilin suggest evolution via gene fusion. (uib.no)
  • These results suggest that having at least one vegetative profilin gene is essential to viability. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here we show that mutations within the profilin 1 (PFN1) gene can cause FALS. (umassmed.edu)
  • G-/GMCSF activates the JAK family of receptor tyrosine kinases, which unfolds its activity by not only regulating enzymes and target proteins within its local milieu, but importantly also by activating the STAT family of transcription factors, which subsequently dimerize and translocate to the cell nucleus to regulate gene expression[ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mutations in the gene for the antennapedia homeodomain protein are associated with the conversion of antenna to leg or leg to antenna DROSOPHILA. (lookformedical.com)
  • Homeodomain proteins are involved in the control of gene expression during morphogenesis and development (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, DEVELOPMENTAL). (lookformedical.com)
  • A foreign protein is first expressed in fusion with one of the phage capsid proteins by cloning the foreign DNA sequence in frame with the gene encoding the chosen capsid protein [ 22 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Bioinformatic analyses of differential proteins were performed included Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment, pathway enrichment and protein-protein interaction network analysis. (jneuropsychiatry.org)
  • The microtubule protein tubulin regulates adenylyl cyclase and phospholipase Cβ 1 (PLCβ 1 ) signaling via transactivation of the G-protein subunits Gαs, Gαi1, and Gαq. (jneurosci.org)
  • Our previous work has shown that WAVE-1 is an important actin regulatory protein that regulates dendritic spines (a component of the synapse) and synaptic plasticity. (fraxa.org)
  • Monomethylation at Lys-86 (K84me1) regulates actin-myosin interaction and actomyosin-dependent processes. (arigobio.com)
  • It has been shown previously that there is reduced expression of profilin 1 (Pfn1- an ubiquitously expressed actin binding protein) in invasive breast cancer cells. (pitt.edu)
  • Pfn1 is now considered as a tumor-suppressor protein based on its ability to restrict the growth and tumorigenesis of breast cancer cells when overexpressed. (pitt.edu)
  • The aim of the present work is to determine whether overexpression or selective inhibition of ligand binding of Pfn1 alter the migration and invasion of metastatic breast cancer cells. (pitt.edu)
  • Specifically, we have studied how stable overexpression of Pfn1 and its mutant forms that are selectively impaired in binding to either actin or proline-rich ligands affect the migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231, a highly metastatic breast cancer cell line. (pitt.edu)
  • We show that functional perturbation of Pfn1 affects the F-actin content in MDA-MB-231 cells. (pitt.edu)
  • Increased focal adhesion formation in MDA-MB-231 cells as a result of Pfn1 overexpression appears to require a functional actin-binding site of Pfn1. (pitt.edu)
  • This Human PFN1 ELISA Kit was designed for the quantitative measurement of Human PFN1 protein in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. (cusabio.com)
  • Loss of PFN1 in tumor cells has been associated with lymph node invasion and metastasis in other tumor types, strengthening the argument that the protein has the potential to be a tumor suppressor in late-stage oral squamous cell carcinoma. (cusabio.com)
  • Profilin-1 (PFN1) and profilin-2a (PFN2a) isoforms are highly conserved in structure, but PFN1 is ubiquitously expressed while PFN2a is preferentially enriched in brain. (ecmbio.com)
  • In addition, there are two testis-specific profilins, PFN3 and PFN4, that significantly differ in primary sequence and function compared to PFN1 and PFN2a. (ecmbio.com)
  • PFN1 is crucial for the conversion of monomeric (G)-actin to filamentous (F)-actin. (umassmed.edu)
  • Cells expressing PFN1 mutants contain ubiquitinated, insoluble aggregates that in many cases contain the ALS-associated protein TDP-43. (umassmed.edu)
  • PFN1 mutants also display decreased bound actin levels and can inhibit axon outgrowth. (umassmed.edu)
  • Furthermore, primary motor neurons expressing mutant PFN1 display smaller growth cones with a reduced F/G-actin ratio. (umassmed.edu)
  • In 2001, significant advances were made to our understanding of the structure and function of actin monomers. (edu.au)
  • Thus, brush border assembly is limited by G-actin availability, and profilin-1 directs unallocated actin monomers into microvillar core bundles during enterocyte differentiation. (vanderbilt.edu)
  • Binding sites are represented by red and dark blue actin monomers. (mechanobio.info)
  • Many actin binding proteins (ABPs) are involved in the regulation of these dynamics (e.g. gelsolin, AIP, ADF, profilin). (cyclingforums.com)
  • Several of these proteins have been characterized in animals, but in plant cells less is know about the role of ABPs. (cyclingforums.com)
  • It is suggested that G-protein-coupled receptors might modulate cytoskeletal dynamics, intracellular traffic, and cellular architecture. (jneurosci.org)
  • Cytoskeletal proteins appear to be involved in the control of intracellular signaling. (jneurosci.org)
  • Combining immunopurification and subsequent analytical mass spectrometry, hundreds of proteins, including synaptic vesicle proteins, components of the presynaptic fusion and retrieval machinery, proteins involved in intracellular and extracellular signaling and a large variety of adhesion molecules, were identified. (mdpi.com)
  • Mechanisms by which E. chaffeensis establishes intracellular infection, and avoids host defenses are not well understood, but involve functionally relevant host-pathogen interactions associated with tandem and ankyrin repeat effector proteins. (frontiersin.org)
  • Despite its small genome and limited number of effector proteins, Ehrlichia efficiently establishes an intracellular infection and avoids immune defenses in vertebrate and invertebrate hosts through complex molecular and cellular reprogramming strategies. (frontiersin.org)
  • A eukaryote-type actin and its own binding protein profilin encoded on a genomic island in the cyanobacterium PCC 7806 co-localize to form a hollow spherical enclosure occupying a considerable intracellular space as shown by fluorescence microscopy. (researchtoactionforum.org)
  • Lysosomes are membrane bound acidic intracellular organelles filled with hydrolytic enzymes that normally function as recycling centers within cells by breaking down damaged cellular macromolecules. (stanford.edu)
  • 2013. Bem3, a Cdc42 GTPase-Activating Protein, traffics to an intracellular compartment and recruits the secretory Rab GTPase Sec4 to endomembranes. (purdue.edu)
  • Inhibits androgen receptor (AR) and HTT aggregation and binding of G-actin is essential for its inhibition of AR. (nih.gov)
  • Finally, the acceleration in brush border assembly induced by Arp2/3 inhibition was abrogated by profilin-1 knockdown. (vanderbilt.edu)
  • The toxin can be highly efficient at very low concentrations by acting on formin homology family proteins: toxic actin oligomers bind with high affinity to formins and adversely affect both nucleation and elongation abilities of formins, causing their potent inhibition in both profilin-dependent and independent manners (PubMed:26228148). (arigobio.com)
  • The second approach is to isolate actin-associated proteins using molecular and biochemical techniques, to characterize their function in vitro, and to use these as probes to dissect cytoskeletal function in living plant cells. (purdue.edu)
  • We had previously identified the Formin protein Daam1 and an effector molecule XProfilin1 as links for Wnt-mediated cytoskeletal changes during gastrulation. (xenbase.org)
  • Formins are multidomain proteins defined by a conserved FH2 (formin homology 2) domain with actin nucleation activity preceded by a proline-rich FH1 (formin homology 1) domain. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our analysis allows some preliminary insight into the functionality of Dictyostelium formins: all isoforms might display actin nucleation activity and, with the exception of ForI, might also be susceptible to autoinhibition and to regulation by Rho GTPases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The ability of VASP to contribute to actin filament nucleation and to regulate actin filament architecture highlights the central role of VASP in actin-based motility. (silverchair.com)
  • CCDC113 is located on chromosome 16q21 and encodes two distinct isoforms with isoform 2 containing one less alternate in-frame exon compared to the full length protein, isoform 1. (wikipedia.org)
  • Four profilin isoforms have been identified in mammals. (ecmbio.com)
  • Filamin binds all actin isoforms (e.g. (mechanobio.info)
  • Given the high concentration of actin residing in mature brush borders, we sought to determine whether enterocytes were resource (i.e., actin monomer) limited in assembling this domain. (vanderbilt.edu)
  • The roles of these proteins in virus morphogenesis and dissemination, and as targets for neutralizing antibody are reviewed. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The peptide is specifically recognized by anti-Profilin (Tyr-129) phospho-specific antibody (PP4751) in ELISA, and has been shown to block the reactivity of PP4751 during Western blot. (ecmbio.com)
  • Actin-pan antibody detects endogenous levels of total Actin-pan. (affbiotech.cn)
  • Western blot: 30 µg of MEF cell lysate stained with anti-alpha smooth muscle Actin antibody [1A4] at 1:200 dilution. (arigobio.com)
  • Blocking peptides are peptides that bind specifically to the target antibody and block antibody binding. (affbiotech.com)
  • Disruption of the expression of profilin resulted in many cells that were large and abnormally shaped. (bioone.org)
  • Profilin also interacts with several other ligands, such as membrane polyphospho-inositides, short proline rich stretches in proteins, and the Arp 2/3 complex. (ximbio.com)
  • Oxidation of Met-46 and Met-49 by MICALs (MICAL1, MICAL2 or MICAL3) to form methionine sulfoxide promotes actin filament depolymerization. (arigobio.com)
  • While profilin does not bind F-actin directly, profilin-ATP-G-actin complexes are essential for rapid filament assembly [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreau CA, Quadt KA, Piirainen H, Kumar H, Bhargav SP, Strauss L, Tolja NH, Wade RC, Spatz JP, Kursula I & Frischknecht F (2020) Optical tweezers uncover a function of profilin in force generation during malaria parasite motility independent of actin binding. (uib.no)
  • Jacot D, Tosetti N, Pires IP, Stock J, Graindorge A, Hung YF, Han H, Tewari R, Kursula I & Soldati-Favre D (2016) An apicomplexan actin-binding protein serves as a connector and lipid sensor to coordinate motility and invasion. (uib.no)
  • The Listeria monocytogenes ActA protein mediates actin-based motility by recruiting and stimulating the Arp2/3 complex. (silverchair.com)
  • however, this region is dispensable for actin-based motility in cells. (silverchair.com)
  • Phospho-Profilin (Tyr-129) synthetic peptide includes amino acids surrounding Tyr-129 in human Profilin-1. (ecmbio.com)
  • A synthesized peptide derived from human Actin-pan. (affbiotech.cn)
  • Synthetic peptide from N-terminus of human alpha smooth muscle isoform of actin. (arigobio.com)
  • Antibodies bound to the blocking peptide no longer bind to the epitope on the target protein. (affbiotech.com)
  • Purified CyHV-2 ORF55 protein was obtained by prokaryotic expression, and the interacting peptide was screened out using phage display. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Protein and peptide interaction prediction and dot-blot overlay assay confirmed that peptides identified by phage display could interact with the ORF55 protein. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Thus, Tyr-129 phosphorylation may activate while Ser-138 phosphorylation may inhibit profilin activity. (ecmbio.com)
  • Because most tubulin is not membrane associated, this study investigates whether tubulin translocates to the membrane in response to an agonist so that it might regulate G-protein signaling. (jneurosci.org)
  • These de-ubiquitinating enzymes are known to regulate protein stability and to play a role in signaling. (cyclingforums.com)
  • Proper actin dynamics are required for the growth and division of cells. (cyclingforums.com)
  • Several of the mRNAs regulated by FMRP directly impact spine actin dynamics, including both the mRNA encoding the Rac GTPase, a key regulator of actin dynamics, and the mRNA encoding profilin, an actin binding protein. (fraxa.org)
  • 2015. Capping protein integrates multiple MAMP signalling pathways to modulate actin dynamics during plant innate immunity. (purdue.edu)
  • 2014. The availability of filament ends modulates actin stochastic dynamics in live plant cells. (purdue.edu)
  • Here, we provide genetic and biochemical evidence that vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) recruitment by ActA can bypass defects in actin monomer-binding. (silverchair.com)
  • Furthermore, purified VASP enhances the actin-nucleating activity of wild-type ActA and the Arp2/3 complex while also reducing the frequency of actin branch formation. (silverchair.com)
  • Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) is a member of the Ena-VASP protein family. (affbiotech.com)
  • Ena-VASP family members contain an EHV1 N-terminal domain that binds proteins containing E/DFPPPPXD/E motifs and targets Ena-VASP proteins to focal adhesions. (affbiotech.com)
  • Profilin forms two extensive contacts with the actin ribbon, one of which appears to correspond to the solution contact in vitro. (rcsb.org)
  • PolyPR was previously reported to bind and impair proteasomes in vitro. (bvsalud.org)
  • With a $163,000 grant from the FRAXA Research Foundation, Dr. Scott Soderling and Dr. Hwan Kim bred the standard mouse model of Fragile X syndrome to their lines of mice that express reduced levels of several key proteins that modulate synaptic actin. (fraxa.org)
  • These observations presented a spatial and temporal resolution of the sequence of events underlying receptor-evoked involvement of tubulin in G-protein-mediated signaling. (jneurosci.org)
  • The vegetative and pollen-specific classes of plant profilins show significant amounts (~25 %) of amino acid sequence divergence. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Sequence conservation among all profilins among monocots and dicots reveals that vegetative profilins in monocots and dicots are more similar to each other than they are to their own reproductive profilin counterparts. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This sequence is well conserved in rat and mouse Profilin-1. (ecmbio.com)
  • A breakthrough for the identification of the proteome of the presynaptic active zone was the successful employment of antibodies directed against a cytosolic epitope of membrane integral synaptic vesicle proteins for the immunopurification of synaptic vesicles docked to the presynaptic plasma membrane. (mdpi.com)
  • Filamin forms a vital scaffolding adaptor and regulatory component that contributes to the mechanical stability of cells by linking the internal actin network with membrane receptors and mechanosensitive components. (mechanobio.info)
  • In combination with myosin motors, actin aids in transport by providing the roads and pathways for cellular cargo[ 13 ]. (biorxiv.org)
  • To examine this possibility, we inhibited Arp2/3, the ubiquitous branched actin nucleator, to increase G-actin availability during brush border assembly. (vanderbilt.edu)
  • With the exception of ForI and ForC all other formins conform to the domain structure GBD/FH3-FH1-FH2-DAD, where DAD is the Diaphanous autoinhibition domain and GBD/FH3 is the Rho GTPase-binding domain/formin homology 3 domain that we propose to represent a single domain. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The tyrosine site has some homology to the conserved site (Tyr-129) in Profilin-2a and Profilin-2b, but the site is not conserved in Profiin-3 and Profilin-4. (ecmbio.com)
  • The Bcl-2 homology 3 (BH3) domain is crucial for the death-inducing and dimerization properties of pro-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 protein family, including Bak, Bax, and Bad. (lookformedical.com)
  • Assignment of Homology to Genome Sequences using a Library of Hidden Markov Models that Represent all Proteins of Known Structure. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Cultures of cells with the antisense disruption could be maintained, indicating that profilin was not essential for cytokinesis or vegetative growth. (bioone.org)
  • In vegetative cell types, such as root apical cells, profilins showed localization to nuclei in addition to the cytoplasmic staining. (or.jp)
  • This paper analyzes the roles of the three vegetative profilin members, PRF1, PRF2, and PRF3, in plant cell and organ development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Plant profilin isovariants are distinctly regulated in vegetative and reproductive tissues. (ximbio.com)
  • FMRP binds Cytoplasmic FMRP Interacting Protein (CYFIP). (fraxa.org)
  • Microbial infection) Monomeric actin is cross-linked by V.cholerae toxins RtxA and VgrG1 in case of infection: bacterial toxins mediate the cross-link between Lys-52 of one monomer and Glu-272 of another actin monomer, resulting in formation of highly toxic actin oligomers that cause cell rounding (PubMed:19015515). (arigobio.com)
  • By binding to PIP2, it inhibits the formation of IP3 and DG. (nih.gov)
  • This serine phosphorylation inhibits G-actin binding, as well as decreases profilin's aggregation suppressor activity by inhibiting binding to huntingtin. (ecmbio.com)
  • DAVID E. WILKES and JOANN J. OTTO "Profilin Functions in Cytokinesis, Nuclear Positioning, and Stomatogenesis in Tetrahymena thermophila ," The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 50(4), 252-262, (1 July 2003). (bioone.org)
  • CSNK2A2 the casein kinase 2, alpha prime polypeptide contains a protein kinase domain and a catalytic domain. (wikipedia.org)
  • During viral infection, the ORF55 protein exerts its biological function through interactions with host proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The lack of profilin also affected cytokinesis in the cells that could divide. (bioone.org)
  • In vivo, functional evidence for proteasome impairment is further shown by the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins along with lysosomal accumulation and hyper-acidification, which can be rescued by a small-molecule proteasomal enhancer. (bvsalud.org)
  • The FH1 domain is also a binding site for diverse SH3-domain containing proteins like Src-like non-receptor tyrosine kinases, WISH (WASP-interacting SH3 protein) and IRSp53 (insulin receptor substrate) in mammals, and Hof1p in yeast [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • PAFs serve as a substrate for myosin motor proteins. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • AKF99 is also an excellent substrate for detecting actin binding proteins, see Fig. 2. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • Mueller C, Samoo A, Hammoudi PM, Klages N, Kallio JP, Kursula I & Soldati-Favre D (2016) Structural and functional dissection of Toxoplasma gondii armadillo repeats only protein. (uib.no)
  • Myosin-X step size corresponds to a single twist of the actin filament helix. (mechanobio.info)
  • Myosin motor proteins orchestrate a wide range of kinetic events within a cell. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • The motor protein used in this assay is myosin motor protein (Myosin II: Cat. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • Immunocytochemical studies at the subcellular level reveal that both the constitutive and pollen-specific profilins are abundant in the cytoplasm. (or.jp)
  • In the North of Europe, people with birch-pollen allergy can develop an apple allergy due to the similarity between a protein in birch that causes birch-pollen allergy, and an apple protein. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • Cross-reactivity with grass pollen which also has a similar profilin allergen can be the cause apple allergy in these areas. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • Fused in sarcoma (FUS) is a DNA/RNA-binding protein with known genetic and pathological links to ALS/FTD. (bvsalud.org)
  • Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process. (lookformedical.com)
  • Several other genetic backgrounds result in enlargement of the haltere significantly beyond the normal range of haploinsufficient phenotypes, suggesting genetic variation in cofactors that mediate homeotic protein function. (lookformedical.com)
  • However, extensive research has shown that they also play a complex role in the formation of F-actin (filamentous actin) through the replenishment of the ATP-actin monomer pool via catalyzing the exchange of ADP for ATP on Actin [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Part of the problem lies in the difficulty of extracting high-quality, three-dimensional, quantitative measures of actin network features from microscopy data. (biorxiv.org)
  • To address this problem, we have developed DRAGoN, a novel image analysis algorithm that can automatically extract the actin network across a range of cell types, providing seventeen different quantitative measures that describe the network at a local level. (biorxiv.org)
  • Reverse transcription quantitative PCR results demonstrated high expression of an actin-binding Rho-activating protein in the latter stages of virus-infected cells, and molecular docking, cell transfection and coimmunoprecipitation experiments confirmed that it interacted with the ORF55 protein. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Comparing the peptides to the National Center for Biotechnology Information database revealed four potential interacting proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Many of these are likely to help us understand and distinguish between the structural models of actin microfilaments. (edu.au)
  • In our studies on neurotransmitter metabolism we have focused our efforts on transporters, a functional class of proteins that move neurotransmitters and other small molecules across membranes in cells. (stanford.edu)
  • Furthermore, GSOs protected cells against GLU-induced apoptosis by reducing the expression of the mitochondrial apoptosis-associated Bcl-2 family effector proteins and protected cells from GLU-induced oxidative damage by increasing the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and HO-1 expression. (sdbonline.org)
  • rIL-2 binds to IL-2 receptors on responsive cells and induces prolifer- ation and differentiation of T helper cells and T cyto- toxic cells. (tradingsignalsforex.com)
  • CEV induces the formation of actin tails that drive CEV particles away from the cell and is important for cell-to-cell spread. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Actin from fibroblasts (beta- and gamma-cytoplasmic), striated muscle (alpha-sarcomeric), and myocardium (alpha-myocardial) are not stained. (arigobio.com)
  • Pospich S, Kumpula EP, von der Ecken J, Vahokoski J, Kursula I & Raunser S (2017) Near-atomic structure of jasplakinolide-stabilized malaria parasite F-actin reveals the structural basis of filament instability. (uib.no)
  • it also led to a redistribution of F-actin from cortical lateral networks into the brush border. (vanderbilt.edu)
  • The authors also studied actin organization using a GFP-FABD protein fusion. (cyclingforums.com)
  • In cells with the antisense disruption no profilin protein was detected. (bioone.org)
  • In cells lacking profilin, micronuclei were not positioned at their normal site on the surface of the macronucleus and phagocytosis was defective. (bioone.org)
  • They were chosen because 1) they represent a family of related proteins, 2) they are widely distributed in nature, 3) an atomic structure (or at least a plausible model) is available for each of them, and 4) each is expressed in significant quantities in cells. (edu.au)
  • Profilin is phosphorylated at both tyrosine and serine residues in vivo. (ecmbio.com)
  • The three-dimensional structure of bovine profilin-beta-actin has been solved to 2.55 A resolution by X-ray crystallography. (rcsb.org)
  • Two differentially expressed proteins in the CSF, CALML5 and PDGFA, and one in the plasma, ACTB, showed close links with the PNKD protein in the protein-protein interaction network. (jneuropsychiatry.org)
  • Our central hypothesis is that loss of FMRP leads to the deregulation of synaptic actin and that this is a significant molecular endpoint that is causal to the behavioral deficits in Fragile X Syndrome. (fraxa.org)