Bilateral brain ischemia. Medical search. Frequent questions

In short, the authors report that moyamoya disease likely occurs due to a number of factors (e.g., differences in vascular anatomy) that ultimately contribute to broad cerebral blood vessel occlusion and consequent shifts in vessel connections to try to provide blood for the compromised brain. (wikipedia.org)
The purpose of this study is to establish and validate an animal model for research in the recovery and sequela stages of brain ischemia by testing brain infarction and sensorimotor function after middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) after 1-90 days in rats. (jove.com)
Researchers used a mechanism-based therapeutic approach for stroke first to examine the connection of mitochondrial, autophagy and ER stress inhibition in the protective action of GCSF and then to analyze relevant ER stress pathways in the bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCAO) model of stroke. (sciencedaily.com)
The gerbils were treated with either saline vehicle or 10 mg/kg i.p. of one of the test drugs 30 minutes before and again 2 hours after a 10-minute period of bilateral carotid artery occlusion or sham occlusion under light methoxyflurane anesthesia. (uky.edu)
Brain and cervical spine magnetic resonance imaging revealed an atlantoaxial subluxation, fractured C2 odontoid process, left vertebral artery occlusion, and bilateral extensive ischemia in the medulla oblongata and high cervical spinal cord. (dovepress.com)
Cerebral ischemia was induced by two methods-transient bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) and permanent unilateral common carotid artery ligation with hypoxia (8% O2)-after which brains were treated (in the lateral ventricle or striatum) with doxycycline (DOX) in transgenic mice in which the four reprogramming factors were expressed by doxycycline. (yonsei.ac.kr)
A rat GCIRI model was established by occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries and cervical vena retransfusion. (biomedcentral.com)
This study aimed to investigate whether resuscitation after a hemorrhagic shock (HS) and/or mild cerebral ischemia caused by a unilateral common carotid artery occlusion (UCCAO) can cause brain injury and concomitant neurological dysfunction, and explore the potential mechanisms. (medsci.org)
The aim of this study was evaluation of the effects of EA on motor and cognitive behaviors, hippocampal local field potential (LFP), brain oxidative stress in male rats with cerebral 2-vessel occlusion ischemia/reperfusion (2VO I/R). (ac.ir)
Staging based on progressive stenosis and eventual occlusion of internal carotid artery (ICA) along with development of moyamoya collaterals at base of brain and development of external carotid artery (ECA) collateral vessels . (pedemmorsels.com)

In the absence of ischemic preconditioning (IPC), MCAO induces a large infarction (ischemia-sensitive phenotype). (biomedcentral.com)
OSA is a risk factor for cardiovascular disorders including hypertension, congestive heart failure (CHF), myocardial ischemia, arrhythmias and infarction, and cerebrovascular conditions including stroke [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
Several toxic brain lesions such as cerebral atrophy, intracranial hemorrhage, cerebral edema, ischemia and infarction have all been reported on brain CT scans obtained from patients who intoxicated by various toxic agents. (openneuroimagingjournal.com)
6 Severe arterial hypotension produces bilateral infarction in the boundary or watershed zones between major arterial territories. (vin.com)

A Y-maze alternation test was performed to assess short-term working memory and miRNA profiling was performed in each region of the dissected brain (brainstem, hippocampus and cerebral cortex). (bvsalud.org)
The rat hippocampus is hypersensitive to secondary cerebral ischemia after mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). (utmb.edu)
This regionally specific protection implies that either the hippocampus undergoes suprathreshold ischemic injury or that mechanisms of ischemic injury vary in different brain regions. (erowid.org)
6) decreased blood oxygen level-dependent (bold) signal in the olfactory bulb and induced high t2 signals in the hippocampus, which matched to the clinical observation in the brain of ad patients, and 7) activated rhoa/rock2/ p-cofilin-associated pathway in hippocampus of acrolein-treated mice, which may be the causes of synaptic damage and neuroinflammation in acrolein mice model. (brain-knowledge-engine.org)
The present study was designed to investigate the expression changes of PPAR-alpha, -beta, -gamma and NF-kappa B in the hippocampus of rats with global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (GCIRI) after treatment with agonists or antagonists of PPAR-gamma. (biomedcentral.com)
1989. Ischemia-induced changes in the electrical activity of the hippocampus. (ac.ir)
The pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampus and the Purkinje-cell layer of the cerebellum are selectively vulnerable to ischemia. (silverchair.com)
Previous studies of global brain hypoxia ischemia have primarily focused on injury to the cerebral cortex and to the hippocampus. (cdc.gov)

Although the anti-apoptotic activity of GCSF is reported in global cerebral ischemia, this mechanism has not been fully explored. (sciencedaily.com)
Global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (GCIRI) occurs in patients who are successfully resuscitated from various clinical conditions such as cardiac arrest, asphyxia and shock, which are frequently accompanied by inflammation and can lead to serious neuronal injury, and further to neurodegeneration and learning and memory impairment [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Transient global cerebral ischemia, such as that which occurs during cardiac arrest and resuscitation, is a major cause of serious neurologic morbidity. (silverchair.com)

Pathophysiology of ischemia-reperfusion injury. (ac.ir)
but reperfusion may introduce additional harm to the tissue through a process known as ischemia/reperfusion injury. (cdc.gov)

Using laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF), relative changes in regional hippocampal CA1 blood flow (hCBF) were recorded continuously to quantitatively characterize hCBF before, during, and after 6 min of forebrain ischemia in either normal or mildly traumatized rats. (utmb.edu)
Group 1 (n = 6) rats were given 6 minutes of transient forebrain ischemia using bilateral carotid clamping and hemorrhagic hypotension. (utmb.edu)
Group 2 (n = 6) rats were subjected to mild (0.8 atm) fluid percussion TBI followed i h after trauma by 6 min of transient forebrain ischemia. (utmb.edu)
Objective To investigate the difference in tissue distribution of ligustrazine hydrochloride and Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen) in acute myocardial ischemia (AMI) model rats. (alljournal.net.cn)
Long period changes of hippocampal diffusion kurtosis imaging and its correlation with cognitive dysfunction after incomplete cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats. (brain-knowledge-engine.org)
this study aims to summarize the changes of functional diffusion kurtosis imaging (dki) parameters in the bilateral hippocampal ca1 region of the hemorrhagic shock reperfusion (hsr) model of rats and their correlation with cognitive dysfunction . (brain-knowledge-engine.org)
We therefore investigated the impact of global brain hypoxia-ischemia on the thalamic circuit function in the somatosensory system of young rats. (cdc.gov)

An MRI of the brain, performed on January 12, 2005, demonstrated findings worrisome for recent ischemia involving the bilateral basal ganglia, thalami, and cortex. (sfspa.com)
Bilateral basal ganglia low density (lenticular nucleus, head of the caudate nucleus and thalamus) and diffuse hypo-attenuation of gray matter in cerebral cortex with relative preservation of white matter. (pacs.de)

Patients presenting with cervical artery dissection can also develop brain ischemia leading to transient ischemic attacks or cerebrovascular accidents. (emdocs.net)
The immediate reaction by a competent physician is to first rule out life-threatening causes - heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, seizure disorder, meningitis, brain tumor, etc. (vestibular.org)

The results also indicate that the neureprotective effect at 31°C is about three times greater than that at 34°C and that neuronal cells can withstand 2.9 times longer duration of ischemia at 31°C than at 37°C. (elsevierpure.com)
The fate of the brain tissue after focal cerebral ischemia is determined by the degree and duration of ischemia, and even without preconditioning, resident brain cells naturally respond to brain ischemia by mobilizing a host of defences and counter responses to mitigate cell injury and death [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

This confirms that this model of TBI followed by forebrain ischemia is well suited for evaluating changes in the sensitivity of CA1 neurons to cerebral ischemia rather than assessing differences in relative ischemia. (utmb.edu)
That results showed that the astrocytes and neural progenitors were significantly proliferated, but not neurons or glial scar, and the condition of blood vessels in the injured brain was improved following in vivo reprogramming factor expression. (yonsei.ac.kr)
Taken together, newly generated astrocytes are essential for protecting neurons from damage following cerebral ischemia (BCCAO and HI mouse model) and for enhancing blood vessels. (yonsei.ac.kr)
When the brain is damaged by trauma or ischemia (restriction in blood supply), immune cells such as macrophages and lymphocytes dispose of the damaged neurons with an inflammatory response. (lifeboat.com)
Severe ischemia, which in the CNS would produce necrosis of the neurons and glial elements, results in an area of dead tissue termed an infarct. (vin.com)
In humans, there are regions of vulnerability within the brain where neurons are prone to be injured by global hypoxia-ischemia and hypoxia. (vin.com)

In recent years, many studies including ours have shown that as an endogenous growth factor and immune system modulator factor, GCSF is beneficial in models of neurological disorders such as stroke and traumatic brain injury," said Jang-Yen (John) Wu, Ph.D., corresponding author, distinguished professor of biomedical science in FAU's Schmidt College of Medicine, and a member of the FAU Brain Institute (I-BRAIN). (sciencedaily.com)

Ischemic tolerance defines transient resistance to lethal ischemia gained by a prior sublethal noxious stimulus (i.e., preconditioning). (biomedcentral.com)

Intracranial injury in AHT frequently includes subdural hematoma (typically bilateral over the cerebral convexities or in the interhemispheric fissure) and subarachnoid hemorrhage. (aao.org)
Neuroimaging may also show intracranial edema, ischemia, or contusion in the acute stage and atrophy in later stages. (aao.org)
Brain herniation occurs when increased intracranial pressure causes the abnormal protrusion of brain tissue through openings in rigid intracranial barriers (eg, tentorial notch). (msdmanuals.com)
Because the skull is rigid after infancy, intracranial masses or swelling may increase intracranial pressure, sometimes causing protrusion (herniation) of brain tissue through one of the rigid intracranial barriers (tentorial notch, falx cerebri, foramen magnum). (msdmanuals.com)
Increased intracranial pressure sometimes causes protrusion (herniation) of brain tissue through one of the rigid intracranial barriers (tentorial notch, falx cerebri, foramen magnum). (msdmanuals.com)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the brain was performed and was negative for acute intracranial process. (omicsonline.org)

Global hypoxia-ischemia interrupts oxygen delivery and blood flow to the entire brain. (cdc.gov)
Global brain hypoxia-ischemia during cardiac arrest has a long-term impact on processing and transfer of sensory information by thalamic circuitry. (cdc.gov)

An unconfirmed assumption in previous studies of mild TBI followed by forebrain ischemia has been that antecedent TBI did not alter cerebral blood flow (CBF) dynamics in response to secondary ischemia. (utmb.edu)
A stereotaxis atlasof forebrain and lower part of the brain stem. (kiev.ua)

Patients with embolic ischemia often develop multiple and multifocal infarcts in the brain stem, cerebellum, and, occasionally, posterior cerebral artery territory. (medscape.com)
Ischemia affecting the temporo-occipital areas of the cerebral hemispheres or segments of the brain stem and cerebellum characteristically produces bilateral symptoms. (medscape.com)
We see that the flow of the cerebrospinal fluid starts in the center portion of the brain at the Lateral Ventricle, flows down towards the cerebellum at the base rear of the skull, and then moves in a counter-clockward manner around the brain to the front of the brain and eventually down the front of the brain towards the spinal column. (caringmedical.com)

8] In one retrospective study, the authors used brain imaging to examine the causes of ischemic stroke (hemodynamic vs thromboembolic etiologies) in 141 patients. (emdocs.net)

The initial physical exam was notable for slow responses to questions and mild bilateral lower extremity edema. (omicsonline.org)
POD#0 patient had chest and bilateral arm pain, absent lower extremity reflexes, and profound weakness. (pmrjabstracts.org)

We also saw bilateral adduction deficits, along with bilateral upgaze limitation. (aao.org)
She had bilateral adduction deficits, limitation in upgaze bilaterally, and an alternating exotropia. (aao.org)
The treatment led to a significant reduction in brain atrophy, neurological deficits, and death in the mice. (neurosciencenews.com)
The study is the first to report on the neuroprotective effect of GCSF in vivo and showed that it improved neurological deficits that occur in the first few days following cerebral ischemia. (sciencedaily.com)
Results showed that GCSF improved neurological deficits that occur in the first few days following cerebral ischemia and improved long-term behavioral outcomes while also stimulating a neural progenitor recovery response. (sciencedaily.com)
Brain injuries, such as traumatic injury or stroke, often lead to devastating motor deficits. (jneurosci.org)
One should be careful with middle-aged or elderly patients with sudden progressive deficits in the VIII th or VII th cranial nerves, particularly in bilateral CPA. (turkishneurosurgery.org.tr)
2012. Piperphentonamine (PPTA) attenuated cerebral ischemia-induced memory deficits via neuroprotection associated with anti-apoptotic activity. (ac.ir)
Stroke results in local neural disconnection and brain-wide neuronal network dysfunction leading to neurological deficits. (lu.se)

B) Brain CT scan with the finding of bilateral thalamic hypodense lesions suggesting acute ischemia. (csnn.eu)

In patients with posterior circulation ischemia secondary to microembolism and appropriate lesions in a vertebral artery, the potential source of the embolus needs to be eliminated regardless of the status of the contralateral vertebral. (medscape.com)
Histopathological changes occur in the brainstem during the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD), with the pathological changes of the brain lesions ascending progressively in accordance with the Braak staging system. (bvsalud.org)
C, D) Brain MRI scan - C) transversal and D) coronal T2-weighted with the finding of bilateral asymmetrical hyperintense lesions in paramedial area of the thalamus suggesting acute ischemia. (csnn.eu)

We investigated whether mGluR5 influences functional recovery and network reorganization rodent models of focal ischemia. (lu.se)

An UCCAO caused a slight cerebral ischemia (cerebral blood flow [CBF] 70%) without hypotension (MABP 85 mmHg), systemic inflammation, multiple organs injuries, or neurological injury. (medsci.org)
An HS caused a moderate cerebral ischemia (52% of the original CBF levels), a moderate hypotension (MABP downed to 22 mmHg), systemic inflammation, and peripheral organs injuries. (medsci.org)
However, combined an UCCAO and an HS caused a severe cerebral ischemia (18% of the original CBF levels), a moderate hypotension (MABP downed to 17 mmHg), systemic inflammation, peripheral organs damage, and neurological injury, which can be attenuated by whole body cooling. (medsci.org)

Seven days after ischemia and reperfusion the brains were perfusion-fixed, and hippocampal CA, cells were counted in a blind fashion. (uky.edu)

We also found that female mice sustained smaller infarcts than males three months post- ischemia . (nih.gov)
In SAMP8 mice, the expression level of upregulated miRNAs were the highest in the brainstem, wherein age-related brain degeneration occurs early. (bvsalud.org)
In the studies conducted in humans, it was not possible to determine whether G-CSF was successfully expressed in the brains of the patients, which could explain the discrepancy in results in humans versus mice. (neurosciencenews.com)
The dramatic reduction in brain atrophy in mice, if verified in humans, could lead to highly effective emergency treatments for stroke and other diseases that often cause brain damage such as heart attack. (neurosciencenews.com)
The researchers used MRI to confirm that G-CSF was expressed in treated mouse brains and to visualize the differences in brain tissue damage in both control and treated mice. (neurosciencenews.com)
For control mice, which did not receive G-CSF in eye drops, the MRI technique identified brain areas with reduced metabolic activity and eventual cerebral atrophy as the result of ischemia. (neurosciencenews.com)
On average, following ischemia, mouse brain striatum size was reduced more than 3-fold, from 15 square millimeters in normal mice to less than 5 square millimeters. (neurosciencenews.com)
Tumor development was not observed in the lateral ventricle-targeted group, but the striatum-targeted group showed that abnormal cell proliferation in DOX-100 treated mice brain. (yonsei.ac.kr)

They confirmed the neuroprotection of GCSF gene therapy in the BCAO mouse stroke model by a decrease of dynamin-related protein (DRP1), a marker of mitochondrial stress, in the frontal and middle brain of the GCSF treated group. (sciencedaily.com)
2011. Oxidative stress in ischemic brain damage: mechanisms of cell death and potential molecular targets for neuroprotection. (ac.ir)

Both temporal lobes herniate through the tentorial notch because of bilateral mass effects or diffuse brain edema. (msdmanuals.com)

Brain imaging revealed bilateral cerebral infarcts in multiple areas. (medscape.com)

When combined with an HS, an UCCAO is associated with ischemic neuronal injury in the ipsilateral hemisphere of adult rat brain, which can be attenuated by therapeutic hypothermia. (medsci.org)
We examined the effects of the anesthetics isoflurane and pentobarbital, or hypothermia (30 degrees C), on the ability of rabbits to acquire an eyeblink conditioned response after 6.5 min of cerebral ischemia. (silverchair.com)
Animals in the hypothermia group were cooled to 30 degrees C before ischemia. (silverchair.com)

Researchers tested behavioral performance on corner and locomotor tests, used as an indicator of brain injury. (sciencedaily.com)
The rewiring of neural networks is a fundamental step in recovering behavioral functions after brain injury. (jneurosci.org)

Data from in vitro and animal studies suggest that among the sources of antioxidants, phytochemicals in berry fruits ( e.g. , anthocyanin and caffeic acid) have a beneficial role in brain aging and neurodegenerative disorders because of their anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral and anti-proliferative properties (Youdim et al. (lww.com)
2001). Since oxidative stress and inflammation appear to be involved in brain aging and in neurodegenerative diseases (Casadesus et al. (lww.com)

We recently reported that neonatal ischemia induces microglia/macrophage activation three days post- ischemia . (nih.gov)
Danger signal evoked in the brain by the stressing preconditioning stimulus induces complex endogenous protective mechanisms resulting to a latent protective phenotype. (biomedcentral.com)

In past studies in a number of animal models of brain disorders including stroke, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's, G-CSF held promise as a potential treatment. (neurosciencenews.com)
Using a mouse model, researchers investigated the efficacy of GCSF beyond the typical four-hour thrombolytic therapy (tPA) clot-busting drug -- the gold standard to treat stroke for global ischemia. (sciencedaily.com)
More than 15 million people worldwide suffer from stroke and our study provides new and important insights into GCSF induced protection as it relates to ER stress and mitochondrial stress activated apoptosis, " said Howard Prentice, Ph.D., corresponding author, a professor of biomedical sciences in FAU's Schmidt College of Medicine, and a member of FAU's I-BRAIN. (sciencedaily.com)
Cerebral ischemia and stroke can lead incurable brain damage or death. (yonsei.ac.kr)
A hypoxic-ischemic (HI) model, a stroke model used in another experimental group, was used to compare efficacy of reprogrammed expression in two areas of the brain, the ventricle and striatum. (yonsei.ac.kr)
5] In Morris et al, the authors concluded that the absolute increase in stroke risk in patients presenting with CAD and no signs of acute ischemia was 1.25% and is most significant in the first two weeks of the disease process. (emdocs.net)
The type-5 metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR5) has been shown to modulate brain plasticity and function, and is a therapeutic target in neurological diseases outside of stroke. (lu.se)
Using optical intrinsic signal imaging, we observed brain-wide disruptions in resting-state functional connectivity after stroke that were prevented by mGluR5 inhibition in distinct areas of contralesional sensorimotor and bilateral visual cortices. (lu.se)

This is also the case when the arterial constriction and collateral circulation are bilateral. (wikipedia.org)
The ischemia can develop from emboli formation and/or narrowing of the arterial lumen. (emdocs.net)
In the dog, blood supply to the brain arises from the basilar and internal carotid arteries, which join at the base to form the arterial circle of Willis. (vin.com)

The present study aimed to examine cerebrospinal fluid miRNAs, which are considered to be more sensitive indicators of changes in the brain, to elucidate the pathophysiology of PSP and to establish specific biomarkers for diagnosis. (bvsalud.org)

If treated with cardiopulmonary resuscitation, however, cardiac arrest is survivable, but survivors often show evidence of injury in selectively vulnerable regions of the brain. (cdc.gov)

Nevertheless, symptoms associated with posterior circulation ischemia are often dismissed as nonspecific findings. (medscape.com)
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of Ms. Culpepper's brain and orbits showed nonspecif-ic findings that possibly represented demyelinating disease, microvascular ischemia, or vasculitis. (aao.org)
While the differential for Ms. Cul-pepper's presentation was large, our team pursued a workup for causes of a "pseudo" internuclear ophthalmople-gia, as Ms. Culpepper had no findings of ischemia or demyelination of the medial longitudinal fasciculi (MLFs). (aao.org)

Numerous medical conditions may cause or mimic vertebrobasilar ischemia, thus confounding the selection of patients in need of posterior circulation treatment. (medscape.com)
This type can occur when an infratentorial mass (eg, tumor in the posterior fossa, cerebellar hemorrhage) compresses the brain stem, kinking it and causing patchy brain stem ischemia. (msdmanuals.com)

CT study of Brain shows an infarct involving involving right peri sylvian cerebral cortex and adjacent insular cortex. (neuroradiologycases.com)
Image shows patterns of brain activity occurring across the bilateral cortex of an awake mouse. (lifeboat.com)

Ms. Culpepper was diagnosed with a right sixth nerve palsy, which-given her elevated blood pressure-was thought to be secondary to hypertensive ischemia. (aao.org)

Although fewer patients suffer from embolic phenomena than those with hemodynamic ischemia, actual infarctions in the vertebrobasilar distribution are most often the result of embolic events. (medscape.com)

The system also offers the intriguing possibility that acute brain injury may someday be treated by emergency medical workers through the simple delivery of eye drops carrying a therapeutic gene. (neurosciencenews.com)
diffusion coefficient restriction in the white matter: going beyond acute brain territorial ischemia. (pacs.de)

3 The causes of strokes can be divided into two basic groups: (1) obstruction of the blood vessels leading to ischemia, and (2) rupture of blood vessel walls leading to hemorrhage. (vin.com)

Further diagnostic workup using magnetic resonance imaging disclosed evidence of cerebral ischemia in medial cerebral artery territory. (tanaffosjournal.ir)

While most people understand that there are arteries (vertebral and carotid) that supply the brain with blood, oxygen, and nutrients, few are aware that there is an intricate network of lymphatic cells and veins to drain the brain. (caringmedical.com)

Since the first landmark experimental demonstration of ischemic tolerance in the gerbil brain in early 1990's, basic scientific knowledge on the mechanisms of cerebral ischemic tolerance increased substantially. (biomedcentral.com)
Experimental brain research. (brain-knowledge-engine.org)

2000. Neuroprotective effects of ginkgo biloba extract in brain ischemia are mediated by inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis. (ac.ir)

Proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tissue necrosis factor (TNF)-α, have been implicated as important mediators of injury following cerebral ischemia [ 13 ] and contribute to pathogenesis, exacerbating brain tissue damage following ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

When the lethal ischemic insult is applied onto this latent protective phenotype, a separate set of responses are triggered that constitute ischemia-tolerant phenotype, which strikingly differs from the unprimed or unpreconditioned brain's phenotype (Figure 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)

The logistic regression curve demonstrated a close relationship between duration of ischemic depolarization and neuronal damage and showed a rightward shift by lowering the brain temperature. (elsevierpure.com)
A mesmerising new video reveals how neuronal signaling changes blood flow through the brain. (lifeboat.com)

Moyamoya disease is a disease in which certain arteries in the brain are constricted. (wikipedia.org)

Choi S, Chen Y, Zeng H, Biswal B, Yu X . Identifying the distinct spectral dynamics of laminar-specific interhemispheric connectivity with bilateral line-scanning fMRI. (harvard.edu)

2003. Mechanisms of ischemic brain damage. (ac.ir)

Displacement of the brain in relation to the skull and dura mater ruptures bridging vessels, and compression against the cranial bones produces further damage. (aao.org)

The group used eye drops to deliver the gene for a growth factor called granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in a mouse model of brain ischemia, which refers to a lack of blood and hence, oxygen, to the brain. (neurosciencenews.com)
The researchers used a mouse model of brain damage caused by blocking oxygen to the brain. (neurosciencenews.com)
The nutrients and oxygen the blood brings in is exchanged for waste products in the brain. (caringmedical.com)
Environmental causes of polymicrogyria include certain infections during pregnancy and a lack of oxygen to the fetus (intrauterine ischemia). (medlineplus.gov)
The exceptionally high demand for circulating blood and oxygen is reflected is reflected in the disproportionately high rate of CBF compared with flow to other parts of the body, comprising 20% of the cardiac output and 15% of oxygen consumption when the body is at rest, even though the brain makes up only 2% of the body weight. (vin.com)
2012). Neuroinflammatory processes in the brain are believed to play a crucial role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases, especially due to increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Zheng et al. (lww.com)

On Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) two tumors in bilateral CPAs were detected. (turkishneurosurgery.org.tr)

Anatomy32

Organisms16

Diseases42

Chemicals and Drugs34

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment45

Psychiatry and Psychology4

Phenomena and Processes39

Disciplines and Occupations1

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Health Care4

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Occlusion10

Infarction4

Hippocampus8

Global cerebral ischemia3

Reperfusion injury2

Rats7

Basal ganglia2

Cerebrovascular2

Duration of ischemia2

Neurons6

Traumatic brain1

Transient1

Intracranial6

Hypoxia2

Forebrain2

Cerebellum3

Ischemic stroke1

Lower extremity2

Deficits9

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Lesions3

Focal1

Hypotension3

Hippocampal1

Mice8

Neuroprotection2

Edema1

Infarcts1

Hypothermia3

Behavioral2

Oxidative2

Induces2

Stroke8

Arterial3

Pathophysiology1

Selectively vulnerable1

Findings3

Posterior2

Cortex2

Secondary1

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Acute brain2

Blood vessels1

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Experimental2

20001

Tissue damage1

Responses1

Neuronal2

Moyamoya1

Interhemispheric1

Mechanisms1

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Oxygen6

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