AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaInformation ScienceGeographicals
Ampicillin ResistanceAmpicillinbeta-LactamasesPenicillinaseSonicationMicrobial Sensitivity TestsAnti-Bacterial AgentsPenicillin ResistanceDrug Resistance, BacterialR FactorsNeisseria gonorrhoeaeEscherichia coliHaemophilus influenzaeEnterococcus faeciumDrug Resistance, MicrobialPlasmidsConjugation, GeneticDNA, BacterialPenicillinsChloramphenicol ResistanceEnterobacteriaceaePenicillin-Binding ProteinsExtrachromosomal Inheritancebeta-Lactam ResistanceDrug ResistanceTetracyclineShigella sonneiDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialHaemophilus ducreyiTransformation, BacterialHaemophilus InfectionsTransformation, GeneticTrimethoprimDNA Transposable ElementsPenicillin GMuramoylpentapeptide CarboxypeptidaseKlebsiella pneumoniaeSulbactamPeptidyl TransferasesStreptomycinGram-Positive Bacterial InfectionsSerine-Type D-Ala-D-Ala CarboxypeptidaseHexosyltransferasesMutationCarbapenemsBacterial ProteinsDrug Resistance, NeoplasmBase SequenceChromosomes, BacterialDrug Resistance, MultiplePivampicillinFecesDNA Restriction EnzymesGenes, BacterialKlebsiella InfectionsMolecular Sequence DataRecombination, GeneticDNA, CircularBacteriaInterleukin-1betaDisease ResistanceCulture MediaGenesVascular ResistanceIndiaCloning, MolecularPolymerase Chain ReactionNucleic Acid HybridizationDrug Resistance, ViralDNA, RecombinantChloramphenicolbeta 2-MicroglobulinGentamicinsTetracycline ResistanceEnterococcus faecalisGenetic VectorsSulfamethoxazolebeta-LactamsReceptors, Adrenergic, betaCephalosporinsIntegrin beta3Penicillanic AcidCloxacillinDysentery, BacillaryAmoxicillinAnti-Infective AgentsPlant DiseasesShigellaCarbenicillinCephalexinErythromycinKanamycinAirway ResistanceDrug Resistance, FungalPhenotypeKlebsiellaTime FactorsCiprofloxacinCephaloridineProbenecid
ESBLAmpCAntibioticsCephalosporinsESBLsPlasmidsCefotaximeVirulenceEscherichiaRRNA genePrevalenceGram-negativeBacteriaMeropenemAntimicrobial resistance genesEnzymesCommonlyMultidrugBlaTEMResistantCeftriaxoneHydrolyzeCarbapenemasesHorizontal gene traMechanismsPiperacillinDeterminantsPolymerase chain reSulbactamMBLsSusceptibilityBacterialVancomycinAminoglycosideColistin resistancePenicillinsIsolateAntimicrobialsSequenceEffluxMolecularProductionKlebsiellaBaumanniiStreptomycesPlasmidCarbapenemaseColi isolates
ESBL18
  • In human medicine, E. coli has developed resistance to the fluorinated quinolones, beta-lactams, or both: it is among the gram-negative organisms that secrete extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL). (vin.com)
  • Emergence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) is an example of the relentless adaptive nature of microbes toward designer drugs intended to preclude the advent of resistance. (vin.com)
  • It could be concluded that most of K. pneumoniae isolates from food animals harbour had Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) encoding gene. (ipb.ac.id)
  • Our results suggest gut of young Bangladeshi children to be an important reservoir for multi-drug resistant pathogenic bacteria carrying ESBL related genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • مقدمه: مقاومت باکتـــری‌های بیماری‌زا مانند سودومونــاس آئروژینـــوزا به آنتــی‌بیوتیک‌های بتــالاکتام به علـــت ژن‌های ESBL (Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases) است که توسط ترانسپوزون‌ها و پلاسمیدها و یا موتاسیون در باکتری‌های سودوموناس ایجاد می‌شود. (ac.ir)
  • This character in Pseudomonas aerugionsa occurs because of extended spectrum β lactamase (ESBL) genes, which carry by transposons, plasmids and mutation. (ac.ir)
  • In addition, ESBL genes in Pseudomonas aerugionsa were tested by disk double diffusion. (ac.ir)
  • Afterward, DNA of the isolates was extracted and the genes amplified by PCR method.Findings: Out of 728 bacteria isolated from the clinical samples obtained from the patients of the hospitals in Shiraz, 62 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates harbored ESBL genes. (ac.ir)
  • ESBL-producing Enterobacterales from the GCC region show high levels of resistance to ampicillin, aztreonam, third-/fourth-generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. (frontiersin.org)
  • Enterobacterales isolates that are concomitant ESBL producers and are carbapenem resistant have been increasingly reported and demonstrate alarmingly increased antibiotic resistance patterns compared with ESBL Enterobacterales . (frontiersin.org)
  • The explosion of multidrug and pandrug resistant strains of a diversity of important bacterial pathogens, including ESBL (extended spectrum beta-lactamase), methicillin/vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA/VRSA), and pandrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii ( Fair and Tor, 2014 ), seen over the last decade is a further indication that our current attempts to dampen the spread of resistance is not as efficient as needed. (frontiersin.org)
  • Commensal bacterial populations belonging to Bacteroidetes most commonly possessed ESBL genes followed by members of Enterobacteriaceae. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Antibiotic-treated cattle had an increased abundance of specific taxa and genes encoding ESBL production that persisted for 9 weeks. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Enterobacteriaceae with resistance to third-generation cephalosporins carry genes encoding extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production, which also confer resistance to penicillins and monobactams. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Isolates were screened for antibiotic resistance, to include extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production, via the Microscan Automated Microbiology System. (biomedcentral.com)
  • ESBL-positive isolates were assessed using multiplex PCR for genetic markers potentially responsible for observed resistance. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It was determined that 42.5% of the ESBL-positive isolates carried multiple resistance genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Over 30% of ETEC isolates collected post-2013 and evaluated in this study demonstrated ESBL resistance. (biomedcentral.com)
AmpC11
  • A few years later, resistance appeared in bacterial species not naturally producing AmpC enzymes (K. pneumoniae, Salmonella spp. (wikipedia.org)
  • Chromosomal-mediated AmpC β-lactamases represent a new threat, since they confer resistance to 7-alpha-methoxy-cephalosporins (cephamycins) such as cefoxitin or cefotetan but are not affected by commercially available β-lactamase inhibitors, and can, in strains with loss of outer membrane porins, provide resistance to carbapenems. (wikipedia.org)
  • Also, ampC, sul1 and floR resistance genes were detected in the isolated bacteria. (iranjournals.ir)
  • To date, there are no reports of AmpC β-lactamases in typhoidal salmonellae. (blogspot.com)
  • AmpC β-lactamases confer resistance to a broad spectrum of β-lactams, which greatly limits therapeutic options. (blogspot.com)
  • The AmpC disk test for detection of plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamase was conducted according to standard methods (5). (blogspot.com)
  • PCR screening and sequencing was performed to identify β-lactamase resistance genes blaTEM, blaSHV, blaOXA-1 group, blaCTX-M, and AmpC as described (6,7). (blogspot.com)
  • We report ACC-1 AmpC β-lactamase in typhoidal salmonellae. (blogspot.com)
  • S. Typhi could have acquired the AmpC β- lactamase from drug-resistant bowel flora. (blogspot.com)
  • Common to all strains of A. baumannii is chromosomally encoded cephalosporinase (AmpC type). (microbiologyjournal.org)
  • AmpC -lactamases, commonly encoded by bla CMY-2 genes [11]. (cdc.gov)
Antibiotics26
  • Beta-lactamases (β-lactamases) are enzymes (EC 3.5.2.6) produced by bacteria that provide multi-resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics such as penicillins, cephalosporins, cephamycins, monobactams and carbapenems (ertapenem), although carbapenems are relatively resistant to beta-lactamase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Beta-lactamase provides antibiotic resistance by breaking the antibiotics' structure. (wikipedia.org)
  • These antibiotics all have a common element in their molecular structure: a four-atom ring known as a beta-lactam (β-lactam) ring. (wikipedia.org)
  • Beta-lactam antibiotics are typically used to target a broad spectrum of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
  • Beta-lactamases produced by gram-negative bacteria are usually secreted, especially when antibiotics are present in the environment. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thus ESBLs confer multi-resistance to these antibiotics and related oxyimino-beta lactams. (wikipedia.org)
  • Monitoring resistance to antibiotics in wild animals may assist in evaluating tendencies in the evolution of this major public health problem. (mdpi.com)
  • KPCs) are Ambler class A plasmid- gene by polymerase chain reaction cin, imipenem, ertapenem, meropenem, encoded enzymes that are capable of (PCR) assay provides laboratories trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, piper- hydrolyzing all beta-lactam antibiotics, with a means to quickly identify the acillin, piperacillin/tazobactam and including monobactams, extended- presence of this important resistance tobramycin (Oxoid). (who.int)
  • Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of 9 bacteria resistance to antibiotics in concern. (ipb.ac.id)
  • Samples obtained were cultivated on selective medium and had several tests including identification, antibiotic sensitivity test using Kirby-Bauer method against antibiotics of ampicillin, cefotaxime, amoxicillin, meropenem, and trimetrophrim-sulfamethoxazole, and followed by PCR test for detecting the gene that was responsible for the antibiotic resistances. (ipb.ac.id)
  • In the present study, the major commensal gut bacteria isolated by culturing methods from 15 children of moderate income families, aged between 10 and 24 months, were studied for their response to different antibiotics, and the molecular basis of drug resistance. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It appears that combining various beta-lactam antibiotics with daptomycin may result in synergy against vancomycin-resistant E faecalis and E faecium . (medscape.com)
  • This study aimed to assay the prevalence of common β-lactam resistance genes including bla TEM , bla SHV , bla CTX-M and bla CMY and phenotypic resistance to commonly used β-lactam and fluoroquinolone antibiotics in UTIs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The antibiotic susceptibility test revealed multiple resistance to the antibiotics imipenem and meropenem in the carbapenem class. (ophrp.org)
  • Currently, A. baumannii , the cause of more nosocomial infections, shows resistance to a wide range of antibiotics, including second- and third-generation cephalosporin agents, antipseudomonal penicillin agents, fluoroquinolones, and aminoglycosides, except for carbapenems [ 7 - 10 ]. (ophrp.org)
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important pathogenic bacteria because of its resistance to beta lactam antibiotics. (ac.ir)
  • Acinetobacter species cause infections that are difficult to control due to multi-drug resistance and are noted for their intrinsic resistance to antibiotics and for their ability to acquire genes encoding resistance for the production of beta-lactamases and Aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes. (microbiologyjournal.org)
  • In Enterobacterales , the prime antimicrobial resistance mechanism against β-lactam antibiotics is mainly the production of β-lactamases, particularly extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs). (frontiersin.org)
  • Focus to limit the spread of antibiotic resistance by reducing the usage of antibiotics in health care, veterinary applications, and meat production, have been implemented, limiting the exposure of pathogens to antibiotics, thus lowering the selection of resistant strains. (frontiersin.org)
  • Resistance to antibiotics in clinical bacteria has been documented for several decades ( Davies and Davies, 2010 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • This rapid development of resistance even to newly developed antibiotics indicates that we are fighting a losing battle. (frontiersin.org)
  • While resistance genes for antibiotics exist in small environmental microbial populations even before the clinical usage of those antibiotics, the spread of resistance among human pathogens is not commenced until a selective pressure (e.g., usage of antibiotics) is added - triggering a development and selection for resistant bacteria ( Davies and Davies, 2010 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are widespread in the environment due to the overuse of antibiotics and other pollutants, posing a threat to human and animal health. (researchsquare.com)
  • Conclusions: Prevalence of P. aeruginosa strains drug resistance in our areas was very high and alerting, but the other antibiotics were effective enough to be used in treatment of the infection. (ac.ir)
  • A total of 118/265 (44.5%) ETEC isolates demonstrated resistance to ≥2 antibiotics. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Yellow pigment-producing strains presented significant resistance to antibiotics groups, including β-lactam (91.5%), aminoglycosides (70.5%), and carbapenems (51.9%) compared to green and non-pigmented strains. (biomedcentral.com)
Cephalosporins7
ESBLs7
  • P. mirabilis) due to the production of TEM- or SHV-type ESBLs (extended spectrum beta lactamases). (wikipedia.org)
  • In the mid-1980s, this new group of enzymes, the extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), was detected (first detected in 1979). (wikipedia.org)
  • The ESBLs are encoded by large plasmids that can confer the information between strains as well as different species of organisms. (vin.com)
  • The ability of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) production in E. coli isolates was detected using the combined disc diffusion method. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The production of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) is a primary β-lactam resistance mechanism in Gram-negative bacteria. (biomedcentral.com)
  • There are sporadic reports of high resistance to ceftriaxone in typhoidal salmonellae (3,4) in which CTX-M-15 and SHV-12 extended spectrum b-lactamases (ESBLs) have been reported. (blogspot.com)
  • At week 5, the antibiotic-treated cows had lower microbiota abundance and richness, whereas a greater abundance of genes encoding extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), CfxA, ACI-1, and CMY, was observed at weeks 1, 5 and 9. (biomedcentral.com)
Plasmids6
  • Majority of the MDR gut bacteria harbored large plasmids [e.g., 140 MDa (43%), 105 MDa (30%), 90 MDa (14%)] carrying invasion and related antibiotic resistance marker genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We confirmed the gut of children under 5 years of age as an important reservoir for MDR bacterial genera belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae, which included surface water bacteria, including important human pathogens carrying major virulence plasmids and related genetic elements responsible for multidrug resistance. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Analysis of the completed genomes revealed that diverse IncF plasmids and chromosomal integration were the major contributors to the spread of AMR genes in the predominant STs. (bvsalud.org)
  • In developing a system to study gene expression from transiently transfected plasmids, it became clear that normalization using chromosomally encoded genes is not ideal, at it does not take into account the transfection efficiency and the significantly lower expression levels of the plasmids. (biomedcentral.com)
  • When analyzing co-transfected plasmids, Rluc normalization gave the smallest errors compared to the chromosomal reference genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Plasmids, in particular, are rapidly disseminated in the environment and play a major role in microbial evolution and adaptation as vehicles of gene transfer 16 . (researchsquare.com)
Cefotaxime1
Virulence8
  • The aims of this research work were to determine the patterns of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from the meat of wild or domestically reared pigeons from Spain, to detect the presence of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes, and to carry out a phylogenetic classification of the isolates. (mdpi.com)
  • 2016. Virulence factors and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of multidrug resistance Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from different clinical infections. (ipb.ac.id)
  • An estimated 11 and 22% of the E. coli isolates carried virulence marker genes stx -2 and eae , respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Biofilm production has been shown to be an important UPEC virulence factor, as its formation creates an impermeable barrier for antibiotic penetration, and hence minimizing the amount of antibiotic that can reach the site of action, thus contributing to the development of resistance [ 7 ]. (clinmedjournals.org)
  • AIMS: This study was conducted to investigate the presence of Shiga toxin-producing O157 and non-O157 E. coli in raw water buffalo milk, as well as to determine the virulence gene profiles, phylogroups, sequence types, and serotypes of the isolated strains. (bvsalud.org)
  • Mohammadzadeh A, Mardaneh J, Ahmadi R, Adabi J. Evaluation of the Virulence Features and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains Isolated from Hospitalized Patients in Gonabad, Iran. (brieflands.com)
  • The aim of the present study was to examine the antibiotic resistance patterns and presence of nan1 and int1 virulence genes (encoding neuraminidase and class 1 integrons, respectively) in clinical P. aeruginosa isolates and to analyze the measured values with regard to hospital wards, specimens, and antibiotic resistance of the strains. (brieflands.com)
  • Genes encoding the virulence factors ( nan1 and int1 ) were investigated by PCR using specific primers. (brieflands.com)
Escherichia3
RRNA gene5
  • One hundred eight isolates from both substrates were identified by amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis and/or 16S rRNA gene sequencing and were determined to belong to the following 11 species from the genera: Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Lactobacillus (L.), and Oenococcus. (who.int)
  • Results A 16S rRNA gene clone library was constructed, and all sequences obtained from 161 clones showed affiliation with the phylum Firmicutes, with 160 sequences identified as Clostridiales and one sequence identified as unclassified Firmicutes. (uit.no)
  • 2016. Partial sequencing of 16S rRNA gene of selected Staphylococcus aureus isolates and its antibiotic resistance. (ipb.ac.id)
  • Citrobacter gillenii was isolated from the diseased fish and identified by biochemical and molecular methods including API 20E and 20NE and 16S rRNA gene region sequencing, respectively. (iranjournals.ir)
  • Fecal specimens were collected from animals of 27 species at the wildlife park in Hainan Province, China, and detected these pathogens using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifications and sequencing of gene fragments based on small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene, glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and SSU rRNA gene, respectively. (johb.info)
Prevalence8
  • The high prevalence of ertapenem nonsusceptibility at a tertiary care hospital in Egypt was predominantly attributed to K. pneumoniae carbapenemase-mediated resistance mechanisms in K. pneumoniae isolates. (who.int)
  • 2013. A Simple multiplex PCR for assecing prevalence of extended spectrum beta lactamases producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Intensive Care Units of a referral hospital in Shiraz Iran. (ipb.ac.id)
  • The prevalence of resistance genes were 89.6% for bla TEM , 44.3% for bla CTX-M , 6.6% for bla SHV and 0.9% for bla CMY . (biomedcentral.com)
  • The escalating global prevalence of MDR in Enterobacterales has led to limited treatment options, raising an urgent need for novel antimicrobial therapy(s) and detailed studies exploring underlying resistance mechanisms. (frontiersin.org)
  • Meanwhile, a comprehensive overview of the existing published data on epidemiology, prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and molecular characteristics of Listeria spp. (biomedcentral.com)
  • All observational studies reporting on the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance/susceptibility, or characterization of Listeria species in Africa were searched on PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Library for this review. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Overall, low resistance rate in this region was probably resulted from low prevalence of metallo-β-lactamases producing strains. (ac.ir)
  • The MDR prevalence and associated resistance mechanisms of ETEC isolates responsible for enteric infections in Nepal are largely unknown. (biomedcentral.com)
Gram-negative5
  • 2011. Molecular characterization of antimicrobial resistance in gram-negative bacteria isolated from bovine mastitis in Egypt. (ipb.ac.id)
  • We aimed to find the most accurate and robust method for the detection of colistin resistance among Gram-negative bacteria by comparing the performance of four methods. (johb.info)
  • The work package focusing on molecular studies generated new evidence about the changes effected by antibiotic therapy on commensal organisms or opportunistic pathogens in the oropharyngeal, nasal and gastro-intestinal flora and study AMR mechanisms and the dissemination of successful clones of fluoroquinolone-resistant, carbapenem-resistant or extended-spectrum beta-lactamase harboring Gram-negative bacteria, MRSA and fluoroquinolone-resistant viridans streptococci. (europa.eu)
  • Overall, 90% and 24% of the 278 samples had Gram-negative bacteria with resistance to ampicillin and ceftiofur, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Many studies report an increase in antimicrobial resistance of Gram - negative bacteria during the COVID-19 pandemic. (bvsalud.org)
Bacteria10
  • Since Typhimurium was the most common important and efficient mechanism by which many bacteria, serotype of Salmonella in the United States in 1999, causing including S. Typhimurium DT104, can acquire resistance to 25% of the culture-confirmed infections (CDC Salmonella antimicrobial agents. (cdc.gov)
  • This research aimed to detect any gene of blaTEM in bacteria of the K. pneumoniae isolated from swab of food-producing animals. (ipb.ac.id)
  • Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) is rampant among bacteria that cause healthcare- and community-acquired infections, driving up costs and increasing the difficulty of therapeutic management. (europa.eu)
  • Bacteria with high biofilm-forming ability attach to host cells more easily or colonize medical devices and hospital environments, promoting horizontal gene transfer between bacteria in biofilms [ 14 , 15 ]. (ophrp.org)
  • Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate frequency of existence of OXA, PER, CTX-M1, CTX-M2 and CTX-M genes in pathogenic Pseudomonas aerugionsa isolates from different hospitals in Shiraz, Iran.Methods: The pathogenic bacteria were isolated from hospitals in Shiraz during six months. (ac.ir)
  • While being able to quite efficiently reduce the presence of resistant bacteria entering any of the final products of WWTPs (e.g., effluent water and sludge), the presence of resistance genes in other formats (mobile genetic elements, bacteriophages) has mainly been ignored. (frontiersin.org)
  • The most commonly described horizontal gene-transfer is conjugation and arguably the most efficient, transferring a plasmid or transposon between bacteria through direct contact. (frontiersin.org)
  • Since then, conjugation has been demonstrated in many environments, and between many different bacteria, stressing its relevance in the spread of antibiotic resistance ( Davies, 1994 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Additionally, the disposal of antimicrobial residues in aquatic environments can not only cause impacts on the biodiversity and function of ecosystems but may also select antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and stimulate the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG) 14 . (researchsquare.com)
  • Multidrug resistance of isolated bacteria from nosocomial infections makes it difficult and sometimes impossible to treat. (ac.ir)
Meropenem2
  • Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the antibiotic resistance and association between blaIMP and blaVIM genes with resistance to meropenem and imipenem among P. aeruginosa strains isolated from Iranian patients in ICU wards of Hamadan, IR Iran. (ac.ir)
  • No statistically significant association was observed between resistance rates to imipenem and meropenem with aforementioned genes. (ac.ir)
Antimicrobial resistance genes1
  • http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/ more antimicrobial resistance genes. (cdc.gov)
Enzymes3
  • The genes encoding metallo-β-lactamase enzymes (bla AIM , bla GIM , bla IMP , and bla VIM ) were detected in the two watersheds and in drinking water samples. (researchsquare.com)
  • The efflux pumps, beside the class D carbapenem-hydrolysing enzymes (CHLDs), are being increasingly investigated as a mechanism of carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii. (bvsalud.org)
  • The resultant product is no longer sensitive to aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, a strategy that antibiotic-producing species employ to counter drug resistance in competing species. (hokudai.ac.jp)
Commonly1
  • Members of this family commonly express β-lactamases (e.g. (wikipedia.org)
Multidrug6
  • Our findings suggest a strong association between biofilm production and several host and non-host factors, including age, UTI recurrence, hospitalisation, and phylogenetic groups B2 and D. These factors are associated with multidrug resistance, suggesting a strong link between biofilm production and multidrug resistance, as previously suggested. (clinmedjournals.org)
  • Using multidrug-resistant A. baumannii strains, an antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using the Gram-negative identification card of the Vitek 2 system (bioMérieux Inc., France), as well as an analysis of resistance genes, the effects of treatment with a light-emitting diode (LED) array using Radachlorin (RADA-PHARMA Co., Ltd., Russia), and transmission and scanning electron microscopy to confirm the biofilm-inhibitory effect of PDT. (ophrp.org)
  • Infections secondary to these pathogens are widely common but multidrug resistance (MDR) in Enterobacterales has become a significant challenge with increased morbidity, mortality, and cost of management. (frontiersin.org)
  • As the primary goal of this study, we wanted to determine how pigment color production differed between clinical strains of P. aeruginosa , and whether or not that variation was associated with multidrug resistance or the ability to form biofilms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Despite the fact that previous studies have demonstrated a direct correlation between multidrug resistance behaviors and biofilm production, no such statistically significant association between pigment and biofilm formation was found in our investigation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Yellow pigment-producing P. aeruginosa strains posed a significant problem due to the lack of alternative agents against such transformed strains, which may be associated with the development of multidrug resistance. (biomedcentral.com)
BlaTEM4
  • Little is known of their gut microbial ecology and the main purpose of this study was to investigate the microbial diversity in faeces of polar bears in Svalbard, Norway (74-81 degrees N, 10-33 degrees E). In addition the level of blaTEM alleles, encoding ampicillin resistance (ampr) were determined. (uit.no)
  • Three % of the ampr isolates from the rectal samples yielded positive results when screened for the presence of blaTEM genes by PCR. (uit.no)
  • These isolates were SP-S3, SP-B2, SP-G4, SPT-KI, SPT-K2, A-W5, IN-P2, IN-P3, and the IN-S3 and all of them also showed to be positive of blaTEM gene. (ipb.ac.id)
  • 2007. Multiplex PCR amplification assay for the detection of blaSHV, blaTEM, and blaCTX-M genes in Enterobacteriaceae. (ipb.ac.id)
Resistant7
  • Penicillinase-resistant beta-lactams such as methicillin were developed, but there is now widespread resistance to even these. (wikipedia.org)
  • ABSTRACT The emergence and rapid spread of antibiotic-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates harbouring the bla gene that encodes for carbapenemase production have complicated the management of patient infections. (who.int)
  • For rare strains that are resistant to ampicillin because of beta-lactamase production, ampicillin plus sulbactam may be used. (medscape.com)
  • In a living cell, it is unlikely that the transcription of any gene is resistant to changes in the cell cycle or in the levels of nutrients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Antimicrobial resistance occurs through different mechanisms, which include spontaneous (natural) genetic mutations and horizontal transfer of resistant genes through deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). (who.int)
  • bla CTX-M (subtype group 1) followed by/co-dominated by bla TEM and bla SHV , whereas the most common carbapenem-resistant genes are bla OXA-48 and bla NDM-1 . (frontiersin.org)
  • Our aim was to evaluate the epidemiological relationship between carbapenem-resistant (CR) Enterobacteriaceae isolates from patients in COVID-19 wards and to investigate the main mechanisms of carbapenem resistance in these isolates during the period April 2020-July 2021. (bvsalud.org)
Ceftriaxone2
  • Multiple studies of ceftriaxone plus ampicillin in E faecalis valve endocarditis supported those of smaller earlier ones. (medscape.com)
  • For individuals at risk for these side effects, intravenous ampicillin 2 g every 4 hours plus intravenous ceftriaxone 2 g every 12 hours appears to provide a reasonable alternative. (medscape.com)
Hydrolyze1
  • Resistance against β-lactam agents can occur via (i) mutation or expression of alternative penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) as the drug target, (ii) downregulation of porins to reduce the bacterial permeability against β-lactams, (iii) over-expression of efflux systems which are membrane transport proteins to export drug substrates and (iv) production of β-lactamases that hydrolyze the β-lactam amide [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Carbapenemases1
  • Multiplex PCR was used for detection of genes encoding carbapenemases from different classes (blaKPC, blaIMP, blaVIM, blaNDM, blaOXA-48). (bvsalud.org)
Horizontal gene tra1
  • In this review, we will focus on horizontal gene-transfer of antibiotic resistance. (frontiersin.org)
Mechanisms4
  • The two types of beta-lactamases work on the basis of the two basic mechanisms of opening the β-lactam ring. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance are diverse, previous studies have demonstrated that there is a potential link between antibiotic resistance and biofilm production [ 5 ], although other findings are to the contrary [ 6 ]. (clinmedjournals.org)
  • By identifying and characterizing the mechanisms of resistance and how they are spread, we hope to better understand the relationships between resistance attributes and possible sources of human infection among food animals and their retail meat. (cdc.gov)
  • A lack of comprehensive surveillance programs may result in the unchecked spread of MDR Gram-negative bacterial species and their associated resistance mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)
Piperacillin1
  • Intermediate resistance rates are observed against nitrofurantoin, piperacillin/tazobactam, and gentamicin, with increasing resistance observed against tigecycline. (frontiersin.org)
Determinants4
  • Diverse AMR determinants, including extended-spectrum ß-lactamase genes (mostly blaCTX-M-15) and mutations in gyrA and parC, were identified. (bvsalud.org)
  • Even when antimicrobial contamination is eliminated, the resistance determinants can be maintained and disseminated within and between microbial populations 12 , 13 . (researchsquare.com)
  • More analysis of human, retail meat, and food animal isolates is necessary to broaden our understanding of the antimicrobial resistance determinants of ESC resistance among E. coli O157. (cdc.gov)
  • Together, these findings highlight the need for additional studies aimed at identifying factors associated with shedding levels and the dissemination and persistence of antibiotic resistance determinants on dairy farms across geographic locations. (biomedcentral.com)
Polymerase chain re2
  • The analysis of gene expression using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) has become increasingly important as biological research has focused on developing insights into the complex regulatory networks that exist within cells [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The isolates, identified as presumptive P. aeruginosa , were further confirmed by species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect exoA gene. (brieflands.com)
Sulbactam1
  • ampicillin for amoxicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid for ampicillin-sulbactam. (vin.com)
MBLs2
  • Serine β-lactamases are grouped by sequence similarity into types A, C, and D. The other type of beta-lactamase is of the metallo type ("type B"). Metallo-beta-lactamases (MBLs) need metal ion(s) (1 or 2 Zn2+ ions) on their active site for their catalytic activities. (wikipedia.org)
  • MBLs are molecular class B and functional group 3 beta-lactamases which have the capability of hydrolyzing all β-lactams except the Monobactam, Aztreonam. (microbiologyjournal.org)
Susceptibility2
  • We investigated an isolate of S. Typhi by using serotyping, antimicrobial drug susceptibility testing, PCR screening for β-lactamase genes, and sequence analysis to confirm the identity of the isolate and the β-lactamase gene involved in conferring resistance to this isolate. (blogspot.com)
  • Studies were conducted using phenotypic (susceptibility testing to carbapenems ± efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs)) and molecular (determining expression levels of efflux operon with regulatory-gene and whole genome sequencing (WGS)) methods. (bvsalud.org)
Bacterial2
  • It appeared initially in a limited number of bacterial species (E. cloacae, C. freundii, S. marcescens, and P. aeruginosa) that could mutate to hyperproduce their chromosomal class C β-lactamase. (wikipedia.org)
  • This leads to prolonged effects on bacterial communities and to a substantial impact on increased resistance. (researchsquare.com)
Vancomycin3
  • Vancomycin should be used in patients with a penicillin allergy or infections with strains that have high-level penicillin resistance due to altered PBPs. (medscape.com)
  • Combination therapy with a cell wall-active agent (eg, ampicillin, vancomycin) and an aminoglycoside (eg, gentamicin, streptomycin) has long been regarded as the standard of care for E faecalis native valve endocarditis. (medscape.com)
  • In addition, this enhanced dose would deal with the relative resistance of enterococcal isolates that have been previously exposed to vancomycin. (medscape.com)
Aminoglycoside1
  • In sensitive E faecalis native valve endocarditis treated with ampicillin plus an aminoglycoside, consideration should be given to limiting the aminoglycoside component to 2 weeks in order to avoid nephrotoxic, vestibular, and ototoxic events. (medscape.com)
Colistin resistance2
  • The CBDE method can be used in routine laboratories for the detection of colistin resistance. (johb.info)
  • Moreover, we demonstrated the presence of the colistin resistance genes mcr-3 and mcr-4 (both watersheds) and mcr-9 (drinking water and Guandu) for the first time in Brazil. (researchsquare.com)
Penicillins1
  • Penicillinase is a specific type of β-lactamase, showing specificity for penicillins, again by hydrolysing the β-lactam ring. (wikipedia.org)
Isolate3
  • We also used a nested PCR specific for the flagellin gene of S. Typhi to confirm identity of the isolate (8). (blogspot.com)
  • The isolate was negative by PCR for other β-lactamases tested. (blogspot.com)
  • In contrary to blaVIM gene that was not detected in any isolate, blaIMP gene was detected in 4% of the isolates. (ac.ir)
Antimicrobials2
  • Exposure to antimicrobials may facilitate survival of isolates that have either spontaneously mutated or acquired resistance through other means. (vin.com)
  • The antimicrobials carried by effluent disposal in the environment, even at low levels, are a key signal that promotes gene dissemination and consequently increased resistance 11 . (researchsquare.com)
Sequence2
  • Kunitz-like domain"--A protease inhibitor similar to soybean trypsin inhibitor or a nucleic acid sequence encoding a protease inhibitor which is similar to the soybean trypsin inhibitor. (everypatent.com)
  • Strain K-2157 exhibited resistance to carbapenems and was identified as a high-risk virulent clone belonging to capsular serotype K1 and sequence type 23 (ST23). (bvsalud.org)
Efflux4
  • In addition, diminished expression of outer membrane proteins, mutations in topoisomerases, and up-regulation of efflux pumps also play an important part in antibiotic resistance. (microbiologyjournal.org)
  • This study investigates the contribution of efflux mechanism to carbapenem resistance in 61 acquired blaCHDL-genes-carrying A. baumannii clinical strains isolated in Warsaw, Poland. (bvsalud.org)
  • AB96 revealed the presence of AbaR25 resistance island and its two disrupted elements: the first contained a duplicate ISAba1-blaOXA-23, and the second was located between adeR and adeA in the efflux operon. (bvsalud.org)
  • Our study for the first time reports the involvement of the insertion of the ΔAbaR25-type resistance island fragment with ISAba1 element upstream the efflux operon in the carbapenem resistance of A. baumannii. (bvsalud.org)
Molecular1
  • Molecular characterization and antimicrobial resistance profile of atypical Citrobacter gillenii and Citrobacter isolated from diseased rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ). (iranjournals.ir)
Production3
  • Thus, genes for resistance develop along with genes directing antibiotic production and organisms are "primed" to develop resistance. (vin.com)
  • In addition to rising antibiotic resistance amongst UPEC strains, the production of biofilms among these strains is another concern, often leading to recurrent UTIs and chronic infections [ 6 ]. (clinmedjournals.org)
  • have demonstrated that the contribution of pyomelanin production in P. aeruginosa provided resistance to oxidative stress as well as persistent chronic infection properties in a laboratory setting [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Klebsiella1
Baumannii1
  • A class-D-type β-lactamase was found, and OXA-23 and OXA-51 were found in 100% of 15 A. baumannii strains. (ophrp.org)
Streptomyces3
  • The structure of a Streptomyces serine β-lactamase (SBLs) is given by 1BSG. (wikipedia.org)
  • Glufosinate tolerance in W62 and W98 soybean lines is the result of introducing a gene encoding the enzyme phosphinothricin-N-acetyltransferase (PAT) isolated from the common aerobic soil actinomycete, Streptomyces hygroscopicus, the same organism from which glufosinate was originally isolated. (cbd.int)
  • However, we previously demonstrated that the grisemycin (grm) cluster contained cryptic dehydratase and epimerase genes by heterologous expression of this biosynthetic gene cluster in Streptomyces lividans and proposed that two genes (grmH and grmL) with unknown functions catalyze dehydration and epimerization reactions. (hokudai.ac.jp)
Plasmid2
  • Including a co-transfected plasmid encoding the Renilla luciferase gene ( Rluc ) in this analysis showed that its calculated stability was not as good as the optimised chromosomal genes, most likely as a result of the lower expression levels and transfection variability. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We conclude that cephalosporin resistance among E. coli O157:H7 is due to plasmid- encoded bla CMY genes and that plasmid types appear to have shifted from IncA/C to IncI1. (cdc.gov)
Carbapenemase1
  • To analyze the antibiotic resistance patterns among Acinetobacter isolates and to detect Carbapenemase and MBL among MDR Acinetobacter isolates. (microbiologyjournal.org)
Coli isolates1
  • This study's results confirmed an explosion of antibiotic resistance amongst E. coli isolates from UTI against β-lactams and fluoroquinolones. (biomedcentral.com)