The beta defensins are antimicrobial peptides implicated in the resistance of epithelial surfaces to microbial colonization. (wikipedia.org)
Defensins are 2-6 kDa, cationic, microbicidal peptides active against many Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, fungi, and enveloped viruses, containing three pairs of intramolecular disulfide bonds. (wikipedia.org)
These genes are responsible for production of antimicrobial peptides found in white blood cells such as macrophages, granulocytes and NK-cells, β-defensins are also found in epithelial cells. (wikipedia.org)
GENTAUR supplies anti-defensins, monclonals, polyclonals antisera and recombinant DEFs or peptides of defensin. (gentaur.com)
Defensins are antimicrobial peptides that may take part in airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness. (nih.gov)
Previously, it was suggested that human β-defensin peptides elicit itch through the activation of mast cells. (nih.gov)
In this study, we investigated in more detail the mechanisms by which β-defensins induce itch by defining the receptors activated by these peptides in humans and mice, by establishing their action in vivo, and by examining their expression in inflammatory dermal diseases. (nih.gov)
19. Discovery of six families of fungal defensin-like peptides provides insights into origin and evolution of the CSalphabeta defensins. (nih.gov)
DEFB1 is a member of the defensin family of microbicidal and cytotoxic peptides made by neutrophils. (nih.gov)
This study aimed to determine a possible correlation between oral mucosal disease and salivary concentrations of the antimicrobial peptides human beta-defensin-1 (hβD-1) and human betadefensin-2 (hβD-2). (uwi.edu)
Locus3
We characterized the genetic diversity in the defensin beta-1 (DEFB1) locus and tested for an association between common genetic variants and asthma diagnosis. (nih.gov)
The obtained haplotypes represent a valuable resource to facilitate further studies of the biomedical impact of highly CN variable loci such as the beta-defensin locus. (biomedcentral.com)
2. The complexity of selection at the major primate beta-defensin locus. (nih.gov)
Proteins3
In addition to other antimicrobial defensins, there are related defensin-like proteins with have evolved other functions. (wikipedia.org)
Antimicrobial proteins in the cervicovaginal space, such as beta defensins, modulate immune responses to bacteria and have been shown to modulate the risk of sPTB from non-optimal microbiota. (nih.gov)
In addition the role of mucins, thrombospondin, salivary soluble proteins, histatins, interferon, beta-defensins, secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) and other anti-microbial factors in control of HIV and opportunistic infections is needed. (nih.gov)
human, mouse or other beta β- and alpha α- defensins are expressed by neutrophils ( α- ), lymphocytes and epithelial cells. (gentaur.com)
Antimicrobial peptide2
Human beta defensin-3 (HβD-3) is an antimicrobial peptide present in saliva that protects tooth surfaces from microbial attack. (biomedcentral.com)
Targeting the gene DFB4 with this delivery system, they prevented translation of the antimicrobial peptide, human β defensin-2(hBD2), thus normalizing the psoriasiform epidermal phenotype of siRNA/SECosome-treated human skin grafts. (tau.ac.il)
Genes8
β-defensins are coding for genes which impact the function of the innate immune system. (wikipedia.org)
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are found in genes coding for β-defensins. (wikipedia.org)
β-defensins genes are found across the vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, birds and fish. (wikipedia.org)
3. Rapid evolution and diversification of mammalian alpha-defensins as revealed by comparative analysis of rodent and primate genes. (nih.gov)
9. Variability and evolution of bovine beta-defensin genes. (nih.gov)
12. Duplication and selection in the evolution of primate beta-defensin genes. (nih.gov)
Porcelli, S., Yockey, C. E., Brenner, M. B. & Balk, S. P. Analysis of T cell antigen receptor (TCR) expression by human peripheral blood CD4-8- alpha/beta T cells demonstrates preferential use of several V beta genes and an invariant TCR alpha chain. (nature.com)
The avian beta-defensin gene family, antibacterial genes, was only significant between the severe pathology and the non-vaccinated, non-challenged group on day 1, with greater expression in the severe pathology. (thepoultrysite.com)
Epithelial3
However, in other species, beta-defensins are more often produced by epithelial cells lining various organs (e.g. the epidermis, bronchial tree and genitourinary tract. (wikipedia.org)
DEFENSINS found mainly in epithelial cells. (nih.gov)
Journal Article] Significance of human β-defensins in epithelial lining fluid of patients with chronic lower respiratory tract infections. (nii.ac.jp)
Mammalian defensins2
On the basis of their size and pattern of disulfide bonding, mammalian defensins are classified into alpha, beta and theta categories. (wikipedia.org)
5. A genome-wide screen identifies a single beta-defensin gene cluster in the chicken: implications for the origin and evolution of mammalian defensins. (nih.gov)
Human7
Human, rabbit and guinea-pig beta-defensins, as well as human beta-defensin-2 (hBD2), induce the activation and degranulation of mast cells, resulting in the release of histamine and prostaglandin D2. (wikipedia.org)
A DNA sequence encoding the Human Beta Defensin 103AB, was expressed in the hosts and tags indicated. (enquirebio.com)
The beta-defensin gene cluster (DEFB) at chromosome 8p23.1 is one of the most copy number (CN) variable regions of the human genome. (biomedcentral.com)
In principle, the 454 technology should also be applicable for haplotyping copy number (CN) variable loci such as the beta-defensin gene cluster (DEFB) at human chromosome 8p23.1 (Fig. 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
14. Beta-defensin 1 gene variability among non-human primates. (nih.gov)
Case Western Reserve University School of Dental Medicine researchers have discovered a biomarker, human beta defensin-3 (hBD-3), that may serve as an early warning sign for oral cancer ( PLoS One , June 8, 2010). (drbicuspid.com)
A chromatographic method was applied to determine the amount of human beta-defensin 1 and 2 (hβD-1 and hβD- 2) in human saliva of patients with oral mucosal diseases before and after treatments and compared with controls. (uwi.edu)
Insect1
In 2001, it was thought that β-defensins were similar to the ancestral defensin from a comparison of sequences of β-defensins, α-defensins and insect defensins. (wikipedia.org)
Protein1
Beta-defensin 125(DEFB125) is a recombinant protein expressed in E. coli. (gentaur.com)
Superfamily1
Indeed, these defensins of this superfamily are related to the 'big defensins' which are found in invertebrate animals, indicating even earlier origins. (wikipedia.org)
Strands3
Pore complex will be created as a result of breaking the hydrogen bonds between the amino acids in the terminal end of the strands connecting defensins monomers. (wikipedia.org)
B) The primary outcome of Michaelis complex formation is reconfiguration of the serpin, with the RCL inserting as the third of five strands in the core beta sheet and permanent denaturation of the target serine protease. (researchgate.net)
C) The secondary and less frequent outcome is completion of proteolytic activity and dissociation of the active serine protease, while the RCL continues to insert as the third of five strands in the serpin core beta sheet. (researchgate.net)
Avian2
β-defensins are classified in three classes and Avian β-defensins constitute for one of the classes. (wikipedia.org)
Avian β-defensins are separated in avian heterophiles and non-heterophiles. (wikipedia.org)
Mast cells1
Defensins not only have the ability to strengthen the innate immune system but can also enhance the adaptive immune system by chemotaxis of monocytes, T-lymphocytes, dendritic cells and mast cells to the infection site. (wikipedia.org)
Evolutionary1
Subsequent structural analyses have suggested that the β-defensins, α-defensins, θ-defensins and big defensins share an evolutionary origin, but are separate to the defensins found in insects, fungi and plants. (wikipedia.org)
Sequence1
11. Sequence analysis of a 212 kb defensin gene cluster on ECA 27q17. (nih.gov)
Alpha2
The fact that alpha and theta defensins are absence in older vertebrates, like birds and fishes, indicates that defensins must have evolved from the same ancestral gene coding for β-defensins. (wikipedia.org)
An invariant T cell receptor alpha chain defines a novel TAP-independent major histocompatibility complex class Ib-restricted alpha/beta T cell subpopulation in mammals. (nature.com)
beta-Defensin gene expression during the course of experimental tuberculosis infection. (wikigenes.org)
Expression1
beta-defensin expression in immunocompetent and immunodeficient germ-free and Candida albicans-monoassociated mice. (wikigenes.org)
Discovery1
8. Discovery of multiple beta-defensin like homologues in teleost fish. (nih.gov)
Oral1
Using multivariate analysis, FE was associated with short-acting beta-agonist use, sinusitis and daily oral corticosteroid use, while PFE with eczema, short-acting beta-agonist use and asthma control index. (imperial.ac.uk)
Immune1
Objectives: Our objectives were to determine whether psychosocial stress was associated with a mediator of the immune system in the cervicovaginal space, beta defensin-2, and to examine the combined impact of high stress and low cervicovaginal beta defensin-2 levels on the odds of sPTB. (nih.gov)
Found1
β-defensins are cationic and can therefore interact with the membrane of invading microbes, which are negative due to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) found in the cell membrane. (wikipedia.org)
Levels5
Stress and cervicovaginal beta defensin-2 levels were measured at 16-20 weeks of gestation. (nih.gov)
We measured cervicovaginal beta defensin-2 levels with ELISA and dichotomized at the median. (nih.gov)
We modeled associations of high stress and low cervicovaginal beta defensin-2 levels using multivariable logistic regression. (nih.gov)
Journal Article] Elevated levels of beta-D-glucan in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid inpatients with farmer's lung in Miyazaki, Japan. (nii.ac.jp)
Journal Article] Elevated α defensin levels in plasma of patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis. (nii.ac.jp)
Analysis1
6. Comparative genomic analysis of a mammalian beta-defensin gene cluster. (nih.gov)
Functions1
10. Characterization and functions of beta defensins in the epididymis. (nih.gov)