• The central role of employment-based health benefits and the very substantial discretion accorded employers rest, in considerable measure, on federal laws and regulations (in particular, the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974) that did not explicitly plan or envision that structure. (nih.gov)
  • NUMBER OF AGED AND DISABLED ELIGIBLE ENROLLEES AND BENEFICIARIES, AND AVERAGE AND TOTAL MEDICARE BENEFIT PAYMENTS [Persons in thousands] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Fiscal year Projected average annual ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ growth (percent) 1996\1\ -------------------------- 1975 1980 1985 1990 1991 1992 1993\1\ 1994\1\ 1995\1\ (estimate) (actual) (actual) (actual) (actual) (actual) (actual) (estimate) (estimate) (estimate) 1975-85 1985-90 1990-96 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Part A: Persons enrolled (monthly) average): Aged. (hhs.gov)
  • 3\Includes Part A catastrophic benefits beginning in fiscal year 1989. (hhs.gov)
  • 1 ================================================================================ SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K (X) Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Fee Required) For fiscal year ended December 31, 1993. (gcs-web.com)
  • Although out-of-pocket costs are reduced for consumers, controlling for other factors, the plans do not affect total expenditures and payments by insurers. (wikipedia.org)
  • The authority to organize, coordinate, and improve cancer care services rests largely with service providers and insurers, although employers and other payers are increasingly holding providers accountable for quality, and consumers are calling for action by state and federal legislatures. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Rather, it reflects a gradual accumulation of factors: innovations in health care finance and organization, conflicting political and social principles, coincidences of timing, market dynamics, programs stimulated by the findings of health services research, and spillover effects of tax and other policies aimed at different targets. (nih.gov)
  • In the United States, a health maintenance organization (HMO) is a medical insurance group that provides health services for a fixed annual fee. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is an organization that provides or arranges managed care for health insurance, self-funded health care benefit plans, individuals, and other entities, acting as a liaison with health care providers (hospitals, doctors, etc.) on a prepaid basis. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Health Maintenance Organization Act of 1973 required employers with 25 or more employees to offer federally certified HMO options if the employer offers traditional healthcare options. (wikipedia.org)
  • On July 26, 1775, the Congress approved the committee ' s plans, establishing the organization from which the U.S. Postal Service traces its direct descent and which, after the Bureau of Indian Affairs , is the second oldest federal department. (encyclopedia.com)
  • aspects of health care organization and financing that affect cancer care. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Elsewhere in the federal government, the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research disseminates information about clinical practice guidelines to health providers and supports health services research aimed at understanding the links between the organization and delivery of health care and the resulting health outcomes (see Chapter 7 ). (nationalacademies.org)
  • Maintain the financial accounting records of the organization consistent with required standards. (cofc.edu)
  • Housing rescue comes up short , detailing the fortunes, or should one say, misfortunes, of the Hope for Homeowners legislation, a plan by Congress to guarantee $300 billion in mortgages and to prevent 300,000 foreclosures, a plan so stellar that since its launch three months ago only 321 applications have been filed and none have received final determination. (blogspot.com)
  • Difference in difference model and a logistic regression model for binary outcomes were used to estimate the effect of the implementation of UHC on the health-seeking behaviour. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Economic disadvantage is closely correlated with worse health outcomes. (marxistleftreview.org)
  • The effective implementation of essential primary health services through UHC has resulted in efficient healthcare utilisation, which is reflected in the health-seeking behaviour of the community. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although the implementation of UHC has improved utilisation of public health facilities, the presence of people who are not covered by health insurance is a potential problem that could threaten future improvements in healthcare access and utilisation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • While the economic system produces conditions detrimental to health, the healthcare system is supposed to prevent and cure illness and treat injury. (marxistleftreview.org)
  • The healthcare system is not expected to maximise good health, but rather to serve the interests of the ruling capitalist class. (marxistleftreview.org)
  • HMOs often provide preventive care for a lower copayment or for free, in order to keep members from developing a preventable condition that would require a great deal of medical services. (wikipedia.org)
  • 1) The several counties of the state may cooperate with the Department of Health in the establishment and maintenance of full-time county health departments in such counties for the promotion of the public's health, the control and eradication of preventable diseases, and the provision of primary health care for special populations. (fl.us)
  • From the late nineteenth century in industrialised countries, construction of sewerage systems and provision of clean drinking water contributed to improved health among city dwellers. (marxistleftreview.org)
  • When HMOs were coming into existence, indemnity plans often did not cover preventive services, such as immunizations, well-baby checkups, mammograms, or physicals. (wikipedia.org)
  • Encouraging consumer behaviors most likely to optimize health potentials (physical and psychosocial) through health information, preventive programs, and access to medical care. (lookformedical.com)
  • Medicare Medicare, authorized under title XVIII of the Social Security Act, is a nationwide health insurance program for the aged and certain disabled persons. (hhs.gov)
  • Hospice" finds a early violation or numerical Anyone or country of either that exceeds apart trained in working progress to particularly such stresses and is enrolled by the miserable Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services as a context of action stagecoaches requiring true Others for Medicare and Medicaid programming and Medicare Conditions of Participation and means then taken by the Oregon Health Authority, Public Health Division. (firefox-gadget.de)
  • The federal Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA), as the nation's largest payer for health care, has established quality assurance programs targeting cancer care and is developing tools to more effectively monitor the quality of cancer care delivered to Medicare beneficiaries (see Chapter 6 ). (nationalacademies.org)
  • Private health insurance, in theory, provides a means for individuals or their employers to prepay the costs of health care. (marxistleftreview.org)
  • These services are provided to benefit individuals, improve the collective health of the public, and prevent and control the spread of disease. (fl.us)
  • been reduced to representing 'useful guidelines relevant and helpful in ascertaining the intent of the parties'" ( Lang ). Where the alleged employer and the individuals have a common understanding that the individuals are self-employed, this may be sufficient to establish that they are not employees even if an application of some of the Wiebe tests might suggest the contrary ( Royal Ballet ). (taxinterpretations.com)
  • Similarly a highly skilled professional such as a doctor who is not answerable to his alleged employer for how his or her practice is conducted on a daily basis still may be found to be an employee if he or she works regular hours for a defined basis of remuneration at one institution such as a hospital ( Boardman , Marotta ). (taxinterpretations.com)
  • This chapter provides a rather detailed overview of some important bases for present public and private arrangements for insuring health care. (nih.gov)
  • include providing cancer screening to low-income populations and monitoring the achievement of cancer-related public health goals (see Chapter 6 ). (nationalacademies.org)
  • Also eligible, after a 2-year waiting period, are people under age 65 who are receiving monthly Social Security benefits on the basis of disability and disabled railroad retirement system annuitants. (hhs.gov)
  • The current U.S. system of voluntary employment-based health benefits is not the consequence of an overarching and deliberate plan or policy. (nih.gov)
  • Many of the values, pressures, and conflicts that have shaped the evolution of employment-based health benefits persist and should be factored into evaluations of this system and proposals for restructuring it. (nih.gov)
  • a system of private and public health coverage that has for most of the last 50 years increased financial access to these advances but placed few controls on medical price inflation or overuse of medical services. (nih.gov)
  • Fourth, we establish a new system of comprehensive health insurance that makes high quality health care available to every American in a dignified manner and at a price he or she can afford. (ucsb.edu)
  • Nevertheless, there is a federal research and programmatic infrastructure that greatly affects the quality of cancer care obtained within the U.S. health care system. (nationalacademies.org)
  • The National Cancer Program was not supposed to become the cancer care system, but it was supposed to interact enough with the system through planning and coordination to improve the delivery of patient care. (nationalacademies.org)
  • The health insurance system in Indonesia was transformed in 2014 to achieve universal health coverage (UHC). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although the main immediate cause of the dire strain the system is under is the Covid-19 pandemic, it is widely recognised that health care was under severe pressure before that. (marxistleftreview.org)
  • This article does not analyse how the present situation arose, but aims to provide the reader with an historical perspective on the health system confronting this crisis, by examining the key battles that formed its structures in the twentieth century. (marxistleftreview.org)
  • [2] Health and health care in any given society are shaped first and foremost by that society's economic system. (marxistleftreview.org)
  • [4] In a national health service system, both are publicly controlled: hospital and medical services are publicly financed and provided. (marxistleftreview.org)
  • 154.01 County health department delivery system. (fl.us)
  • It is the intent of the Legislature to promote, protect, maintain, and improve the health and safety of all citizens and visitors of this state through a system of coordinated county health department services. (fl.us)
  • Most people who need a kidney transplant or renal dialysis because of chronic kidney disease are, under certain circumstances, entitled to benefits under part A regardless of age. (hhs.gov)
  • Like other chronic illnesses, efforts to diagnose and treat cancer are centered on individual physicians, health plans, and cancer care centers. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Utilisation of public health facilities increased significantly after implementation of UHC, from 34.9% to 65.4% among the respondents with acute episodes and 33.7% to 65.8% among those with chronic episodes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Five years after the implementation of UHC, we still found respondents who did not have health insurance (26 and 19 respondents among those with acute episode and chronic episode, respectively). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Since 2014, the Indonesian government has been running a national health insurance scheme, Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional-Kartu Indonesia Sehat (JKN-KIS), aimed at achieving UHC for all citizens by 2019 [ 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • People who do not work but are able to pay a health insurance premium are considered non-workers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • By contrast, where private insurance predominates, both the delivery and financing of health care are in the hands of private operators. (marxistleftreview.org)
  • Where private insurance is the main means of health financing, a proportion of the population is uninsured - usually over 15 percent in industrialised countries - because they cannot afford the premiums, and a further proportion is under-insured. (marxistleftreview.org)
  • ELIGIBILITY Most Americans age 65 or older are automatically entitled to protection under part A. Persons age 65 or older who are not ``fully insured'' (i.e., not eligible for monthly Social Security or railroad retirement cash benefits) may obtain coverage, providing they pay the full actuarial cost of such coverage. (hhs.gov)
  • PPU covers every person who works for an employer by receiving a salary or wage, including civil servants, the army, the police, state officials, legislative members, non-civil servant government workers, private employees, and all other workers receiving a salary or wage. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Perhaps because a person is required to live 21 years before the law permits the person to drink alcohol, an activity in which both the participants in these 21 stories and the people reading them might be tempted to do. (blogspot.com)
  • 2085 of the Quebec Civil Code , "a contract of employment is a contract by which a person, the employee, undertakes for a limited period to do work for remuneration, according to the instructions and under the direction or control of another person, the employer. (taxinterpretations.com)
  • Even if you plan to attend the Annual Meeting in person, we ask you to please complete, sign and return the enclosed proxy card. (am-news.com)
  • Education that increases the awareness and favorably influences the attitudes and knowledge relating to the improvement of health on a personal or community basis. (lookformedical.com)
  • Our study aimed to examine the changes in health-seeking behaviour before and after the implementation of UHC in Indonesia and to identify what factors determine these changes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • [3] Whether the health of any population - or for that matter, any individual - is generally good, average or poor is shaped by numerous factors. (marxistleftreview.org)
  • In short, access to health care and medicines is only one of the factors that shape health. (marxistleftreview.org)
  • The standards this requires will vary depending on specific contexts and factors, including unemployment and profit rates, expectations of the population, the pressure the working class may bring to bear, and more. (marxistleftreview.org)
  • Although businesses pursued the HMO model for its alleged cost containment benefits, some research indicates that private HMO plans do not achieve any significant cost savings over non-HMO plans. (wikipedia.org)
  • Since the "War on Cancer" was launched in 1971, a large share of federal medical research funding has been invested at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) to understand the underlying mechanisms of cancer, to evaluate progress against cancer through surveillance, to test promising diagnostic and treatment modalities, and to make information on how to prevent, treat, and live with cancer available to health care providers and to the public. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Criteria and standards used for the determination of the appropriateness of the inclusion of patients with specific conditions in proposed treatment plans and the criteria used for the inclusion of subjects in various clinical trials and other research protocols. (lookformedical.com)
  • HMOs often require members to select a primary care physician (PCP), a doctor who acts as a gatekeeper to direct access to medical services but this is not always the case. (wikipedia.org)
  • The authentic view Headache in Children and is made more not than delightful expenditures that doctor has or is with the order of subject. (firefox-gadget.de)
  • Environmental health services shall be supported by available federal, state, and local funds and shall include those services mandated on a state or federal level. (fl.us)
  • In making this determination, the level of control the employer has over the worker's activities will always be a factor. (taxinterpretations.com)
  • These broader coordination and planning goals that should have extended the reach of the National Cancer Program beyond NCI to other federal and private parties could not be met, and when the 1971 act was recodified in 1978, the scope of the program was redefined to include only NCI (McGeary, 1997). (nationalacademies.org)
  • It is this inclusion of services intended to maintain a member's health that gave the HMO its name. (wikipedia.org)
  • A constituency for broad access to health coverage has existed for nearly a century, pressuring both public and private sectors to find new and better ways of extending that access. (nih.gov)
  • Achieving universal health coverage (UHC) is one of the targets set by countries when they adopted the sustainable development goals in 2015 [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The SSAH has several unique features, including standards for staff performance and expertise, coverage goals and health objectives, and payment systems [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This article originally appeared in the March 1973 issue of the 'Social Security Bulletin. (ssa.gov)
  • Health main Report of International Monetary Fund( IMF) for 2013( 2014). (geotrade-gmbh.com)
  • Drawing on health systems expert Gwendolyn Gray's outline of distinct types of systems, it is useful to distinguish between the financing and delivery of health care, and identify whether they are in private or public hands. (marxistleftreview.org)
  • A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. (nih.gov)
  • Open-access and point-of-service (POS) products are a combination of an HMO and traditional indemnity plan. (wikipedia.org)
  • Customer satisfaction or dissatisfaction with a benefit or service received. (lookformedical.com)
  • The Legislature recognizes the unique partnership which necessarily exists between the state and its counties in meeting the public health needs of the state. (fl.us)
  • To strengthen this partnership, the Legislature intends that the public health needs of the several counties be provided through contractual arrangements between the state and each county. (fl.us)
  • A more likely candidate might have been someone benefiting from the digital and globally networked nature of finance. (nowandnext.com)
  • The contents of the book are therefore of an impermanent nature and will require to be superseded at some future date by its successor designed to meet more closely the needs of a greatly expanded community. (miscellanie.com)
  • But these are not my subject tonight, and they do not alter two facts: that our doctors, whatever their failings, do give us the highest caliber health care in world history - and that they live a grueling existence in order to do so. (aynrand.org)
  • In programme to Die these first users, we are to benefit cash. (badrollerz.com)
  • Primary health care services are provided at home, in group settings, or in clinics. (fl.us)