The hypothalamus is located below the thalamus and is part of the limbic system . (cloudfront.net)
The hypothalamus is responsible for regulating certain metabolic processes and other activities of the autonomic nervous system . (cloudfront.net)
The hypothalamus is highly interconnected with other parts of the central nervous system , in particular the brainstem and its reticular formation . (cloudfront.net)
The hypothalamus has a central neuroendocrine function , most notably by its control of the anterior pituitary, which in turn regulates various endocrine glands and organs. (sciencebeta.com)
In the hypothalamic-adenohypophyseal axis, releasing hormones, also known as hypophysiotropic or hypothalamic hormones, are released from the median eminence, a prolongation of the hypothalamus, into the hypophyseal portal system, which carries them to the anterior pituitary where they exert their regulatory functions on the secretion of adenohypophyseal hormones. (sciencebeta.com)
Clarke, I.J. Hypothalamus as an endocrine organ. (nature.com)
Hormones8
Tropic hormones are named for their ability to act directly on target tissues or other endocrine glands to release hormones, causing numerous cascading physiological responses. (wikipedia.org)
[7] Much smaller parvocellular neurosecretory cells , neurons of the paraventricular nucleus, release corticotropin-releasing hormone and other hormones into the hypophyseal portal system , where these hormones diffuse to the anterior pituitary . (cloudfront.net)
N. I. Yarushkina, "The Role of Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal-Adrenocortical System Hormones in Controlling Pain Sensitivity," Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology, Vol. 38, No. 8, 2008, pp. 759-766. (scirp.org)
After their release into the capillaries of the third ventricle, the hypophysiotropic hormones travel through what is known as the hypothalamo-pituitary portal circulation. (sciencebeta.com)
The endocrine system-the other communication system in the body-is made up of endocrine glands that produce hormones, chemical substances released into the bloodstream to guide processes such as metabolism, growth, and sexual development. (medscape.com)
The anterior pituitary, often called the "master gland," responds to chemical messages from the bloodstream to produce numerous hormones that trigger the action of other endocrine glands. (medscape.com)
Meanwhile, the autonomic nervous system stimulates the suprarenal medulla to secrete hormones such as epinephrine into the bloodstream. (medscape.com)
A major organ of the endocrine system, the anterior pituitary (also called the adenohypophysis or pars anterior) is the glandular, anterior lobe that together with the posterior lobe (posterior pituitary, or the neurohypophysis) makes up the pituitary gland (hypophysis). (wikipedia.org)
At this site, these cells can release substances into small blood vessels that travel directly to the anterior pituitary gland (the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal vessels). (wikipedia.org)
Aside from hypothalamic control of the anterior pituitary, other systems in the body have been shown to regulate the anterior pituitary's function. (wikipedia.org)
Hypothalamic3
Investigators have hitherto relied on candidate protein-based tools to correlate behavioral, endocrine and gender traits with hypothalamic neuron identity. (nature.com)
Among secondary amenorrheas, hypothalamic amenorrhea (HA) is the one with no evidence of endocrine/systemic causal factors. (researchgate.net)
Since carnitine, namely l-acetyl-carnitine (LAC), has been demonstrated to be effective in the modulation of the central hypothalamic control of GnRH secretion, we aimed to evaluate whether a combined integrative treatment for 12 weeks of LAC (250 mg/die) and l-carnitine (500 mg/die) was effective in improving the endocrine and metabolic pathways in a group of patients (n = 27) with FHA. (researchgate.net)
Neuroscience1
1 Department of Psychiatry and Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, Trauma, Stress and Anxiety Research Group, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0118, USA. (nih.gov)
The posterior pituitary is controlled by the nervous system. (medscape.com)
Corticotropin-Releasi1
Finally, a mixture of a V1 AVP and the α-helical corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) receptor antagonists administered via inverse microdialysis into the PVN caused a significant increase in the plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) concentration compared with vehicle-treated controls both under basal conditions and during social defeat, indicating inhibitory effects of intra-PVN-released AVP and/or CRH on HPA system activity. (jneurosci.org)
Reproductive2
Recently, concern has been expressed that exposure to soy isoflavones may pose a developmental hazard to infants, particularly to the reproductive system (6- 9). (internetpdfarticles.com)
The first step in evaluating the potential of the phytoestrogens in soy-based infant foods to affect the reproductive system of infants is to determine the isoflavone intake of infants. (internetpdfarticles.com)
Parameters1
Thus, the measurement of dynamic changes in the concentration of extracellular AVP in distinct brain areas under defined experimental conditions would provide a missing link for the physiological involvement of the endogenous neuropeptide in the regulation of autonomic, endocrine, and behavioral parameters. (jneurosci.org)
Regulation1
FHA occurs for the combination of stressors (physical, psychological, and metabolic stressors) and can disrupt ovarian and other endocrine regulation [5,9,18]. (researchgate.net)
Metabolic1
It has to be investigated using the clinical history of the patient: occurrence of menarche, menstrual cyclicity, time and modality of amenorrhea, and it has to be excluded any endocrine disease or any metabolic (i.e., diabetes) and systemic disorders. (researchgate.net)
Clinical2
Other clinical findings in CHARGE include cranial nerve dysfunction, endocrine dysregulation, and recurrent infections. (aao.org)
BACKGROUND: Relationships between aberrant social functioning and depression have been explored via behavioral, clinical, and survey methodologies, highlighting their importance in the etiology of depression. (virginia.edu)
Nervous7
[5] It is found in all vertebrate nervous systems. (cloudfront.net)
As part of the limbic system , it has connections to other limbic structures including the amygdala and septum , and is also connected with areas of the autonomous nervous system . (cloudfront.net)
Dahlström, A. & Fuxe, K. Evidence for existence of monoamine-containing neurons in central nervous system. (nature.com)
Brain Maps 4.0-Structure of the Rat Brain: An Open Access Atlas with Global Nervous System Nomenclature Ontology and Flatmaps. (neurotree.org)
Hubert von Lushka noted the constellation of cardiac, central nervous system, and genitourinary defects and choanal atresia in an infant who died soon after birth in 1859. (ochsnerjournal.org)
2 , 3 In 1981, after reviewing the cases of 21 children, Pagon et al first proposed the diagnostic criteria for CHARGE syndrome to describe the nonrandom association of ocular coloboma (C), congenital heart defects (H), choanal atresia or stenosis (A), central nervous system/developmental anomalies (R), genital hypoplasia (G), and ear anomalies (E). 4 Since then, several cases and updates have been published. (ochsnerjournal.org)
This, in turn, affects the excitability of the nervous system. (medscape.com)
Lateral1
Projections to areas of the sympathetic motor system (lateral horn spinal segments T1-L2/L3) are carried by the hypothalamospinal tract and they activate the sympathetic motor pathway. (sciencebeta.com)
Control1
Seeking to understand the inconsistencies, we reexamined endocrine data from four studies of patients with panic disorder, in light of animal data highlighting the salience of novelty, control, and social support to HPA axis activity. (nih.gov)
Cell1
It also contains non-endocrine folliculostellate cells which are thought to stimulate and support the endocrine cell populations. (wikipedia.org)
Body1
Stress is the adaptive response of our body through all its homeostatic systems, to external and/or internal stimuli that activate specific and nonspecific physiological pathways. (researchgate.net)
Brain1
M. Kimoto, J. Zeredo, Z. Nihei, H. Yamashita, K. Kaida and K. Toda, "Sex Differences in Antinociceptive Effects Induced by Gravity Stress in Rats," Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science , Vol. 3 No. 2, 2013, pp. 179-187. (scirp.org)
Important1
However, it has been seen to be important in receiving the endocrine signal in the form of TSHB (a β subunit of TSH), informing the pars tuberalis of the photoperiod (length of day). (wikipedia.org)
Existence1
5 , 8 , 11 , 13 , 16 , 17 , 19 , 21 , 23 - 25 , 29 Davenport et al published the first review of external ear malformations and suggested the existence of anomalies in every segment of the auditory system. (ochsnerjournal.org)