Behavior signals basal ganglia. Medical search. Frequent questions

RGS9-1 regulates phototransduction in rods and cones, while RGS9-2 regulates dopamine and opioid signaling in the basal ganglia. (duke.edu)
This collaborative, interdisciplinary program of research is focused on the striatum of the basal ganglia and the neuromodulators, dopamine and acetylcholine, which play a central role in the mechanisms of reinforcement learning. (oist.jp)
Overly rigid sequential patterns of movement and thought characterize several human brain disorders involving dysfunction in basal ganglia systems (i.e. dopamine nigrostriatal projections to the neostriatum and related brain structures). (biomedcentral.com)
His research found that dopamine was highly concentrated in an area of the brain called basal ganglia, especially in substantia nigra. (assistertselvhjelp.no)
Basal Ganglia, the part of the brain with high dopamine content, is of particular importance in the control of fine motor behavior. (assistertselvhjelp.no)
the scientific community has gathered an enormous amount of data about dopamine (DA) and its actions in the brain and on behavior. (frontiersin.org)
Like most other drugs that people misuse, THC stimulates neurons in the reward system to release the signaling chemical dopamine at levels higher than typically observed in response to natural rewarding stimuli. (nih.gov)
The surge of dopamine "teaches" the brain to repeat the rewarding behavior, helping account for marijuana's addictive properties. (nih.gov)
Prefrontal dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) mediates behavior related to anxiety, reward and memory, and is involved in inflammatory processes, all of which are affected in bipolar disorder. (springeropen.com)
The role of dopamine signaling in epileptogenesis. (scielo.br)
researchers expressed the membrane protein ChR2 in MSNs of the basal ganglia that have either D1 or D2 dopamine receptors (in some animals ChR2 was expressed only in the D1-positive MSNs, whereas in others ChR2 was expressed only in D2-positive MSNs). (surgicalneurologyint.com)
The D1 and D2 dopamine receptors are metabotropic, meaning they trigger a cascade of protein activation or inactivation leading to the generation of intracellular signals. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
To overcome this limitation, 18 F-N-(3-fluoropropyl)-2beta-carboxymethoxy-3beta-(4-iodophenyl) nortropane PET ( 18 F-FP-CIT PET) relies on a cocaine analog that binds specifically to striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) sites in the basal ganglia. (medscape.com)

At the level of information flows, I design models of cerebral structures including the posterior and prefrontal cortex, cerebellum, basal ganglia, thalamus, amygdala, hippocampus with application to perceptive scene interpretation, planning and the related various aspects of memorization. (labri.fr)
Models are based on different kinds of neural architectures (feedforward, recurrent, convolutional, generative) with the challenge of mimicking the loops between the prefrontal cortex and the basal ganglia, and their interactions with the sensory cortex, hippocampus, amygdala and other cerebral structures, reported to be the substratum for the targeted cognitive functions. (labri.fr)
Consistently, inflammatory state in the whole hippocampus and anxiety behavior correlated positively, indicating a connection between anxiety and inflammatory state of the hippocampus. (springeropen.com)

The striatum (PL: striata), or corpus striatum (also called the striate nucleus), is a nucleus (a cluster of neurons) in the subcortical basal ganglia of the forebrain. (wikipedia.org)
One part of the basal ganglia, known as the nucleus accumbens (NAc), is composed of medium spiny neurons (MSNs). (medicalxpress.com)
Neuroscientists using MRI scans discovered that psychopathic people have a 10% larger striatum, a cluster of neurons in the subcortical basal ganglia of the forebrain, than regular people. (scitechdaily.com)
Movement-related neurons were also more active after longer decisions, as if they were influenced by the same urgency signal controlling the gain of decision-related activity. (jneurosci.org)
We found that many "decision-related" premotor and motor neurons are modulated in a time-dependent manner compatible with an "urgency" signal that changes between hasty and conservative decision policies. (jneurosci.org)
By recording the neural activity in the basal ganglia during this task, we found neurons that seem to treat a whole sequence of actions as a single behavior. (bioquicknews.com)
She discussed topics such as neural anatomy of vertebrate brains, electrical and chemical signaling in neurons, and data from her lab investigating neural mechanisms of vocal learning in songbirds. (usc.edu)
The thalamic relay neurons that make up each nucleus are excitatory neurons that receive signals from a variety of areas of the brain. (biologydictionary.net)
Dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain play an important role in addiction/reward behavior and motor planning. (antibodiesinc.com)

THC also disrupts functioning of the cerebellum and basal ganglia, brain areas that regulate balance, posture, coordination, and reaction time. (nih.gov)

The entopeduncular nucleus (EP) is a major basal ganglia output nucleus and sends a large projection to the lateral habenula (LHb) mediating risk/reward decisions. (antibodiesinc.com)
Then, researchers placed recording electrodes in the substantia nigra pars reticulate (SNr), an output nucleus of the basal ganglia. (surgicalneurologyint.com)

The basal ganglia are a set of subcortical nuclei in the forebrain of vertebrates that are highly conserved among mammals. (columbia.edu)

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This work addresses the neural mechanisms that control the speed-accuracy trade-off in both decisions and movements, in the kinds of dynamic situations that are typical of natural animal behavior. (jneurosci.org)
As a result, over the past decade my laboratory has focused on the identification and characterization of signals that intervene between the neural processes that engage in sensory encoding and the neural processes that engage movement generations. (abainternational.org)
These two lessons used M&M candies to represent the ions that are crucial to neural signaling. (usc.edu)
The goal of the Neurobiology Research Unit is to understand the cellular mechanisms and neural circuitry underlying learning and adaptive behavior in the mammalian brain. (oist.jp)
and, to elucidate the dynamics of neural assemblies in the striatum and their significance for behavior. (oist.jp)
and, the dynamics of neural assemblies in the striatum and their significance for behavior. (oist.jp)
My research interests concern the emergence of intelligent behavior by distributed computing with real or artificial neural networks. (labri.fr)
These studies exploit the above-mentioned neural systems but also my other fields of expertise related to machine learning, pattern recognition, data, image and signal processing and neuro-control. (labri.fr)
Elucidation of the basis for sequential super-stereotypy of instinctive behavior in DAT knockdown mutant mice may offer insights into neural mechanisms of overly-rigid sequences of action or thought in human patients with disorders such as Tourette's or OCD. (biomedcentral.com)

An important characteristic of adaptive behavior is the ability to change one's responses to the same stimulus over time. (jneurosci.org)
Concerning cognitive modeling , I am interested in adaptive behavior for autonomous robotics. (labri.fr)
The demand-based smart management by the DA system may have given animals an edge in evolution with adaptive behaviors and a better survival rate in resource-scarce situations. (frontiersin.org)
One of the things that technology has adopted from biology is adaptive behavior. (frontiersin.org)

I describe the anatomy and physiology of the basal ganglia, including how structures are interconnected to form two parallel pathways, the direct and the indirect pathways. (columbia.edu)
The basal ganglia encompass two major pathways, the direct and the indirect pathways. (bioquicknews.com)
The basal ganglia and these pathways are absolutely crucial for the execution of actions. (bioquicknews.com)
Parkinsonian motor symptoms are recapitulated in vivo by selectively activating the indirect and direct basal ganglia pathways. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
In the final set of experiments, the researchers placed fiber-optic probes into the bilateral dorsomedial striatum to see how manipulating the indirect and direct pathways in vivo affects motor behavior. (surgicalneurologyint.com)

These results suggest that a unified mechanism determines speed-accuracy trade-off adjustments during decision-making and movement execution, potentially influencing both the cognitive and motor aspects of reward-oriented behavior. (jneurosci.org)
The different levels of the networks carry different signals, from the brainstem networks carrying reflexive signals to the prefrontal cortical networks carrying cognitive signals. (nih.gov)
It is involved in emotional behavior and memory , including cognitive functions such as decision-making and reward-associations. (biologydictionary.net)
According to this view, basal ganglia systems evolved originally to coordinate syntactic patterns of instinctive movements, and were extended subsequently by natural selection to participate in sequencing cognitive and linguistic functions as well. (biomedcentral.com)
The basal ganglia form a network that is thought to be involved in a variety of cognitive, emotional, and movement-related functions. (neuroscientificallychallenged.com)

Some of these models are anatomically and physiologically constrained, whereas others are abstract but are nevertheless motivated by behavioral functions of the basal ganglia. (scholarpedia.org)
To motivate behavior, rats had restricted access to water for 18 h before behavioral sessions. (jneurosci.org)
Where a network operating off simple behavioral rules can emerge complex, seemingly intelligent, behavior. (macro-ops.com)
We use a powerful and unique combination of approaches extending from cellular to behavioral levels of biological organization, including 2-photon microscopy, electrophysiology, fast-scan cyclic voltammetry, behavior, optogenetics and computational modeling, taking advantage of the opportunities for cross-disciplinary research at OIST. (oist.jp)

A remarkable area among them is the basal ganglia which are equipped with powerful inhibitory and disinhibitory mechanisms. (nih.gov)
Concerning neuroscience and the medical domain , I work in the Bordeaux Neurocampus and have other national and international collaborations to feed the loop of interactions, building models from data and knowledge in these domains and assessing and exploiting them for the study of neuronal mechanisms and structures, animal and human behavior and neurodegenerative diseases. (labri.fr)

Task contrast analyses indicate that improvised performance is characterized by dissociated activity in medial and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices, providing a context in which stimulus-independent behaviors may unfold in the absence of conscious monitoring and volitional control. (nature.com)
Importantly, altered relationships within the prefrontal cortex appear to have widespread functional consequences, affecting motivation, emotion, language as well as motor control and may generalize to other forms of spontaneous creative behavior. (nature.com)
We could previously show that lentiviral overexpression of D1R in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of male adult rats and its termination induces bipolar disorder-like behavior. (springeropen.com)

The striatum is the largest structure of the basal ganglia. (wikipedia.org)
The ventral striatum is associated with the limbic system and has been implicated as a vital part of the circuitry for decision making and reward-related behavior. (wikipedia.org)
Previous research has shown that psychopaths have overactive striatum, but the influence of its size on behavior has yet to be confirmed. (scitechdaily.com)
Our results suggest that the medial striatum biases animals to collect rewards to potentially valuable stimuli and can rapidly influence flexible behavior. (jneurosci.org)
However, there have been no reports of neuronal activity in the rat medial striatum during flexible behavior. (jneurosci.org)
In the third and final study, my original aim was to determine whether the motivational deficit of D2R-OEdev mice, induced by upregulation of D2Rs in the striatum, could be reversed by acutely activating Gαi-coupled signaling in the indirect pathway in these animals. (columbia.edu)
Although this theory of basal ganglia function is based on the anatomical connections within the striatum, it has yet to be proven empirically. (surgicalneurologyint.com)

I further review published studies that have investigated how the basal ganglia regulate motor behavior and motivation. (columbia.edu)

McGeorge and Faull (1989) ] and the basal nuclei of the amygdala ( McDonald, 1991 ). (jneurosci.org)

The workshop was supported by a National Science Foundation grant titled "The Role of Cortico-Basal Ganglia Circuits in Skill Learning During Development. (usc.edu)
Classical neuroanatomy teaches that the basal ganglia have two competing circuits that direct motor planning and action: the direct pathway that facilitates movement and the indirect pathway that inhibits it. (surgicalneurologyint.com)

In the second study, I conducted a series of experiments in which I selectively increased excitability of the direct or indirect pathway in specific striatal sub-regions that have been implicated in goal-directed behavior, namely the DMS and NA core. (columbia.edu)
Further investigation aimed at understanding how Gαi-coupled signaling affects striatal circuit function revealed that activating a Gαi-coupled receptor did not lead to a significant change in somatic MSN activity in vivo or to a change in neuronal excitability in vitro. (columbia.edu)
In contrast, the GPe, which receives monosynaptic inhibition from the indirect pathway, showed disinhibited activity when Gαi signaling was activated in striatal iMSNs. (columbia.edu)

In waking, these streams are directed to structures supporting behavior in the environment. (researchgate.net)
What goes on in the brain to cause Tourette syndrome (TS) is not completely clear, but most hypotheses suggest an important role for a group of structures known as the basal ganglia . (neuroscientificallychallenged.com)

And finally, I also summarize findings on how disruption in basal ganglia circuitry function has been linked to a number of neuropsychiatric diseases, with special focus on the symptoms of schizophrenia. (columbia.edu)

It has been shown that a specific area of the brain, the basal ganglia, is implicated in a mechanism called chunking, which allows the brain to efficiently organize memories and actions. (bioquicknews.com)

Classically, dysfunction in the basal ganglia has been linked to motor abnormalities. (columbia.edu)

In the present entry, key features of the computational architecture of the loops through the basal ganglia are first described. (scholarpedia.org)
This entry focuses on the loops through the basal ganglia shown on the left side of Figure 1 . (scholarpedia.org)
Each of these loops functions as a macroscopic signal processing module, being comprised of thousands of microscopic loops. (scholarpedia.org)
It has been suggested that largely parallel cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortico loops exist to control different aspects of behavior. (frontiersin.org)

In the entry basal ganglia , anatomy and physiology are reviewed and the conclusion is reached that the two essential functions of the basal ganglia are action selection and reinforcement learning . (scholarpedia.org)
Successful diagnosis and treatment of patients with salivary gland tumors require a thorough understanding of tumor etiology, biologic behavior of each tumor type, and salivary gland anatomy. (medscape.com)

C, D) No difference between PRCre and control females in sniffing WT males during assays of female sexual behavior. (cdc.gov)

Plenty of studies have proved that physical environment enrichment in adolescence has protective effects on emotion, social behavior, learning and memory deficits. (bvsalud.org)

This workshop was in partnership with neurobiologist Sarah Bottjer , professor of biological sciences and psychology, whose research focuses on brain-behavior relationships in songbirds. (usc.edu)
New mutant mouse models allow gene-based manipulation of brain function relevant to sequential patterns, but no current animal model of spontaneous OCD-like behaviors has so far been reported to exhibit sequential super-stereotypy in the sense of a whole complex serial pattern that becomes stronger and excessively rigid. (biomedcentral.com)
In general terms, epileptic discharge, seizure-like behaviors in the chronic phase of Pilocarpine experimental model, sudden unexpected death in epilepsy and consequently epileptic seizures have been associated with an imbalance between excitation and inhibition in specific brain circuitries ( Bozzi and Borrelli, 2013 BOZZI, Y. and BORRELLI, E., 2013. (scielo.br)

However, it is now widely recognized that in addition to their role in motor behavior, these set of nuclei play a role in reinforcement learning and motivated behavior as well as in many diseases that present with abnormal motivation. (columbia.edu)

It is characterized by persistent and recurrent maladaptive patterns of gambling behavior, leading to impaired functioning [1]. (aba-journal.com)
In terms of the role of the lateral habenula (LHb), the LHb is expected to suppress maladaptive behaviors and mental processes by controlling the DA system. (frontiersin.org)

According to theories of basal ganglia function, activation of D1-expressing MSNs is unique to the direct pathway, whereas activation of D2-expressing MSNs occurs in the indirect pathway. (surgicalneurologyint.com)

The basal ganglia are located interior to the cerebral cortex, and they receive prominent input from essentially all of the pallium, both isocortex and allocortex (Swanson 2000). (scholarpedia.org)
Carlsson, Greengard and Kandel received the Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology in 2000 for their discoveries concerning the signal transduction in nervous system. (assistertselvhjelp.no)

Scientists working in basic, translational, and clinical cancer metabolism research are invited to join the Academy in New York on April 17th to discuss the intersection between cell signaling and metabolism. (nyas.org)

For example, Marsden proposed that "The sequencing of motor action and the sequencing of thought could be a uniform function carried out by the basal ganglia" [ 15 ], and a variety of computational models have been proposed to carry out the general sequencing functions of basal ganglia [ 16 - 19 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Using the paradigm of companion rotation (CR), the present study found that social environment enrichment reduced anxiety-like behaviors of early adult male C57BL/6J mice. (bvsalud.org)

Non-Status Epilepticus female rats show seizure-like behaviors in the chronic phase of Pilocarpine experimental model. (scielo.br)

D1R manipulation in the mPFC had only mild effects on anxiety behavior in the elevated plus maze. (springeropen.com)

The understanding of the role of biology in antisocial and criminal behavior may help improve existing theories of behavior, as well as inform policy and treatment options. (scitechdaily.com)
A third set of ongoing related projects seeks to understand the role of the basal ganglia in choice. (abainternational.org)
It receives signals from the basal ganglia, and its role is in the planning and initiation of movement. (biologydictionary.net)

This study investigated the prevalence, and the developmental, behavior and emotional outcomes of 675 preschoolers with ASD with or without a history of regression, who participated in the Study to Explore Early Development (SEED). (cdc.gov)

Together, these results suggest that the arm motor system receives an urgency/vigor signal that adjusts the speed-accuracy trade-off for decision-making and movement execution. (jneurosci.org)
Furthermore, I found that motor training reverses the enhanced density of bridging collaterals and partially rescue the abnormal locomotor phenotype associated with increased collaterals, thereby establishing a new link between connectivity in the basal ganglia and motor learning. (columbia.edu)
Complex motor tics involve movements that often involve multiple muscle groups and may appear as semipurposeful movements or behaviors. (medscape.com)

The Association for Behavior Analysis International® (ABAI) is a nonprofit membership organization with the mission to contribute to the well-being of society by developing, enhancing, and supporting the growth and vitality of the science of behavior analysis through research, education, and practice. (abainternational.org)
In this dissertation, I first provide a review of the literature that describes the current state of research on the basal ganglia and the background for the original studies I later present. (columbia.edu)

Mitochondrial biology, stress signaling and aging-related degenerative diseases. (upstate.edu)

Exploiting this subtype specificity of Bro, to offer clues on the involvement of DA and its receptors in silkworm feeding behavior, Bro was injected into fifth instar larvae and subsequent feeding and related behaviors (feeding amount, excretion amount, mandibular movement, and feeding behavior observation) were quantitatively evaluated. (bvsalud.org)

These signals implement a precise value computation in which reinforcement gives rise to a stored synaptic representation of the precise value of stimuli and actions. (abainternational.org)

Mutants showed sequential super-stereotypy in the sense of having more stereotyped and predictable syntactic grooming sequences, and were also more likely to resist disruption of the pattern en route, by returning after a disruption to complete the pattern from the appropriate point in the sequence. (biomedcentral.com)
3' of this transgene is a WPRE sequence and an hGH polyA signal sequence (pA). (cdc.gov)

After confirming appropriate targeting of ChR2 to the MSNs and making sure that ChR2 did not change the physiological properties of the MSNs, the researchers inserted fiber-optic probes into the basal ganglia and demonstrated that by shining light they were able to modulate the firing patterns of the MSNs that expressed ChR2. (surgicalneurologyint.com)

Immunoreceptor signaling during development, homeostasis, and effector function of T cells and NK cells. (upstate.edu)

Anxiety behavior was studied in the elevated plus maze and marble burying test. (springeropen.com)
However, subjects after termination buried more marbles compared to D1R over-expressing animals and their respective control animals indicating elevated anxiety behavior. (springeropen.com)

I then present original data and discuss the results of three studies investigating basal ganglia function and behavior. (columbia.edu)
In addition, as drug therapies for psychiatric diseases are not usually given acutely but involve long-term, continuous administrations, I also studied how chronically decreasing function of iMSNs would affect behavior. (columbia.edu)

Two splice isoforms of the ninth member of the regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) protein family are expressed in the nervous system, where they are engaged in such diverse functions as vision and behavior. (duke.edu)

activity in both regions combines rapid estimates of evidence with a growing "urgency signal" related to elapsed time. (jneurosci.org)
B-J) PR is expressed in the basal ganglia, cingulate cortex, and dentate gyrus as visualized by - gal activity in PRPL/PL female and male mice. (cdc.gov)

p-OHA may be involved in the abnormal behavior observed during the withdrawal period after a chronic administration of AMPH or METH. (bvsalud.org)

Anatomy56

Organisms14

Diseases33

Chemicals and Drugs37

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment32

Psychiatry and Psychology47

Phenomena and Processes38

Disciplines and Occupations3

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Information Science8

Health Care4

Dopamine13

Hippocampus3

Neurons9

Cerebellum1

Nucleus2

Forebrain1

Neural9

Adaptive4

Pathways5

Cognitive5

Behavioral4

Mechanisms2

Prefrontal3

Striatum7

Regulate1

Amygdala1

Circuits2

Striatal3

Structures2

Circuitry1

Implicated in a mech1

Dysfunction1

Loops4

Anatomy2

Sexual behavior1

Social behavior1

Brain3

Nuclei1

Maladaptive2

Pathway1

20002

Metabolism1

Computational1

Adult1

Rats1

MPFC1

Role3

Outcomes1

Motor3

Research2

Biology1

Involvement1

Reinforcement1

Sequence2

Researchers1

Homeostasis1

Anxiety2

Function2

Regulator1

Activity2

Chronic1