Behavior manic depression depression. Medical search. Frequent questions

Bipolar I disorder involves manic episodes that last at least 7 days or manic symptoms so severe that you need immediate hospital care. (medlineplus.gov)
After the hypomania, you might have severe depression. (medlineplus.gov)
People with bipolar I have had at least one manic episode, which may be very severe and require hospital care. (psychologytoday.com)
Manic depression, or bipolar disorder, is a disorder that causes one to experience severe inconsistencies in mood, thoughts, and behavior. (talkspace.com)
People with manic depression may also go through a state of hypomania - a milder form of mania that involves less severe symptoms. (talkspace.com)
Bipolar disorder, formerly called manic depression, is characterized by the cycling of one s mood from extreme depression to severe mania. (all4naturalhealth.com)
It is important to know and recognize manic behaviors so that severe manias or hypomanias (mild to moderate manias) can be recognized in oneself or a loved one. (all4naturalhealth.com)
If the depression is severe, the person may have thoughts of self-harm or suicide. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Users may exhibit uncontrolled aggression and violent behavior called "roid rage", in addition to severe mood swings, manic episodes, and depression. (me-cabo.com)
Bipolar disorder is characterized by swift mood changes which range from mania or severe highs and depression or lows. (dual-diagnosis.net)
Bipolar disorder symptoms for the manic phase may include severe mood changes, exaggerated self-esteem, increased energy levels, decreased need for sleep, increased talking, distractibility, hypersexuality, increased activity and excessive involvement in risky behaviors. (blogspot.com)
Bipolar Disorder , also known as manic depression, is a mental illness that brings severe high and low moods and changes in sleep, energy, thinking, and behavior. (southwesthealth.org)
In bipolar disorder (formerly called manic-depressive disorder), episodes of depression alternate with episodes of mania (or a less severe form of mania called hypomania). (msdmanuals.com)
People have had major depressive episodes and at least one less severe manic (hypomanic) episode, but no full-fledged manic episodes. (msdmanuals.com)
Bipolar disorder - sometimes classified as bipolar affective disorder or manic-depressive illness - is a common, severe, and persistent mental illness. (medscape.com)
People with bipolar disorder experience severe depression or have low energy for several days or weeks. (medlineplus.gov)
In severe episodes, suicidal thoughts or behavior may arise. (medlineplus.gov)

With any of these types, having four or more episodes of mania or depression in a year is called "rapid cycling. (medlineplus.gov)
Bipolar disorder, also known as manic depression , is a chronically recurring condition involving moods that swing between the highs of mania and the lows of depression. (psychologytoday.com)
The switch between mania and depression can be abrupt, and moods can oscillate rapidly. (psychologytoday.com)
But while an episode of mania is what distinguishes bipolar disorder from depression, a person may spend far more time in a depressed state than in a manic or hypomanic one. (psychologytoday.com)
The symptoms of mania and depression often occur together in "mixed" episodes. (psychologytoday.com)
Juggling between the extreme emotions that come with mania and dark depressions can be like an impossible balancing act. (bphope.com)
A person with bipolar II , a milder form of the disorder than bipolar I, goes back and forth between periods of depression and periods of elevated moods, but not actual mania. (howstuffworks.com)
Several periods of mania and/or depression in a single year indicates rapid cycling bipolar disorder . (howstuffworks.com)
Sometimes, these depressions are accompanied by psychotic thoughts and behaviors, and children are more likely to experience mixed states -- that is, having mania and depression at the same time. (howstuffworks.com)
People who are affected by this condition may experience constant shifts in mood, and also commonly go through intense periods of depression or mania, a mood characterized by periods of great excitement or euphoria, delusions, and overactivity. (talkspace.com)
Before a person can be diagnosed with manic depression (bipolar disorder), they must have experienced one episode of mania or hypomania. (talkspace.com)
Moreover, mania of bipolar behavior is distinguishable from other psychological states by the fact that it is accompanied by a significantly reduced need for sleep - it is not uncommon for a bipolar person to feel rested after only two hours of sleep whilst manic. (all4naturalhealth.com)
Although mania may be pleasant at first, it often spirals out of control and causes irritable, inappropriate behavior. (all4naturalhealth.com)
Another facet of bipolar disorder is that which pertains to the phenomenon of mixed episodes, which are essentially episodes where aspects of both depression and mania are present. (all4naturalhealth.com)
However, unlike with major depression, people with bipolar depression can also experience mania, which causes feelings of joy and euphoria. (medicalnewstoday.com)
But bipolar disorder causes distinct cycles in mood that change from depression to mania. (medicalnewstoday.com)
This type involves cycles in mood, but they do not fully meet the criteria for depression or mania. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Bipolar disorder (previously known as manic depression) is a diagnostic category describing a class of mood disorders where the person experiences states or episodes of depression and/or mania, hypomania, and/or mixed states. (t-vox.org)
Highs are episodes of mania, while lows are times of depression. (newexodushealth.com)
The symptoms of bipolar disorder are often divided into those for depression, and those for mania. (newexodushealth.com)
Mania often affects thinking, judgment, and social behavior in ways that cause serious problems and embarrassment. (dual-diagnosis.net)
Bipolar disorder is a psychiatric illness which refers to a person's mood swings from mania to depression. (blogspot.com)
It is characterized by chronic episodes of depression, mania and/or mixed states. (blogspot.com)
The different mood states associated with bipolar disorder are depression, hypomania and mania. (blogspot.com)
Bipolar I disorder is described as a condition wherein a patient experiences periods of mania alternating with periods of depression wherein patients experience simultaneous occurrence of manic and depressive symptoms called mixed states. (blogspot.com)
Mania is characterized by excessive feelings of elation and confidence or physical activity that are greatly out of proportion to the situation, and people may engage in risky behaviors. (msdmanuals.com)
Overview of Mood Disorders Mood disorders are mental health conditions that involve long periods of excessive sadness (depression), excessive elation (mania), or both. (msdmanuals.com)
Depression and mania represent the 2 emotional extremes. (msdmanuals.com)
Episodes of depression and mania may occur separately or together. (msdmanuals.com)
Bipolar disorder is characterized by periods of deep, prolonged, and profound depression that alternate with periods of an excessively elevated or irritable mood known as mania. (medscape.com)
Bipolar I disorder is defined by the occurrence of mania, and yet 90% of people with this condition will experience depression. (medscape.com)
[ 3 ] I have posited that the depression is simply a nonspecific response to the underlying neuropathology that causes mania, which is a much more predictive and specific syndrome. (medscape.com)

Antidepressants increased the risk compared to placebo of suicidal thinking and behavior (suicidality) in children, adolescents, and young adults in short-term studies of major depressive disorder (MDD) and other psychiatric disorders. (rxlist.com)
Depression and certain other psychiatric disorders are themselves associated with increases in the risk of suicide. (rxlist.com)
Depression is the opposing aspect of bipolar, and though it is similar to clinical depression and other major depressive disorders, there are certain symptoms that are distinctly indicative of bipolar depression. (all4naturalhealth.com)
Anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, clinical depression, eating disorders, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, postpartum depression, postpartum psychosis and/or schizophrenia are usually part of the patient's family history. (t-vox.org)
and covers other mood disorders, including postpartum depression and seasonal affective disorder. (books2help.com)
Conduct Unbecoming: Hyperactivity, Attention Deficit, and Disruptive Behavior Disorders. (mcsweeneys.net)
Quetiapine is a prescription medication used to treat certain mental disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression. (rxwiki.com)
According to WHO (World Health Organization) there is a link between suicide and mental disorders (in particular, depression and alcohol use disorders). (southwesthealth.org)
Les données ont été recueillies lors d'entrevues individuelles à l'aide de la version en langue farsi du questionnaire Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia . (who.int)
To the best of our knowledge, this of the authors using the Farsi version of the systematic review indicated that is the first study in Asia and the Islamic the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Dis- the rate of psychotic illness, manic Republic of Iran that investigated the orders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS) episodes, major depression, attention prevalence of psychiatric disorders [11]. (who.int)
As the characteristics inherent to her condition were the mood swings, low selfesteem, and manic depressive disorders. (bvsalud.org)

My youngest son suffers from manic depression and schizophrenia. (angiesdiary.com)
for instance, autism, manic depression, schizophrenia, excessive shyness, retardation, and alcoholism have all shown fingerprint profiles similar to others with like behaviors but highly different from the general population. (handanalysis.net)
The search for a biological understanding of mental illness, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression and panic disorder, is the subject of the new book, "Mind Fixers," by my guest, Anne Harrington. (usf.edu)
Psychotic symptoms are common with manic episodes, and may lead to a misdiagnosis of schizophrenia. (medlineplus.gov)

4. There could be an extremely serious school problem which she is unable to discuss and is causing anxiety to the point of altering her behavior. (mentalhelp.net)
Individuals with late-adolescent/early adult onset of the disorder will very likely have experienced childhood anxiety and depression. (t-vox.org)
Depression also bring with it anxiety and attacks of anxiety. (home-remedies-for-you.com)
Anything less results in anxiety and dread and, if experienced for extended periods of time, can result in depression and other types of manic behavior. (perceptionfactory.com)
Well, it had long been known that one of the symptoms of depression was often anxiety. (usf.edu)
And so it became possible to think, well, maybe these patients who were previously being diagnosed with anxiety in fact suffer from depression with acute anxiety presentation, and maybe the antidepressants will help. (usf.edu)
You've got patients with anxiety who are being recategorized as having depression with anxiety as a kind of side effect of the depression. (usf.edu)

Other behaviors have to do with anger and irritability, and making extremely poor decisions. (mentalhelp.net)
2. She could be experiencing depression which, in children and teens manifests itself in just what you are experiencing with her: anger, irritability and changing grades in school. (mentalhelp.net)
The manic phase usually involves a mix of irritability, anger , and depression, with or without euphoria. (psychologytoday.com)
Those who are experiencing depression due to bipolar disorder are likely to experience feelings of irritability, guilty, and restlessness. (all4naturalhealth.com)
Bipolar disorder includes the hypomanic or manic symptoms of euphoria, increased energy, or persistent irritability. (aafp.org)

People afflicted with bipolar disorder experience serious deviations in their thought patterns, moods, energy, thinking, and behavior. (all4naturalhealth.com)
Other bipolar disorder symptoms of this phase include high physical and mental energy and the incapability of the person affected to perceive that the moods and behaviors are abnormal. (blogspot.com)
The moods are known as manic and depressive episodes. (medlineplus.gov)

On the other hand, when the person has shift into a manic episode you should be extra watchful because he has now enough energy to execute his suicide plan. (selfgrowth.com)
This is called a manic episode . (medlineplus.gov)
The symptoms of a mixed episode include both manic and depressive symptoms together. (medlineplus.gov)
The concept behind a depressive episode is that it is a period time that an individual experiences insomnia, depression that affects everyday life, recurrent thoughts of suicide , extreme fatigue, and many others (Bipolar Disorder, 2013). (bartleby.com)
Specifically, individuals must experience a major depressive episode and a manic episode in near succession. (bartleby.com)
Following a manic episode, bipolar sufferers can fall into a deep depression, often intensified by guilt or embarrassment over their actions while manic. (webpronews.com)
Bipolar I disorder is distinguished by its inclusion of a full-blown manic episode at some point in the person's life. (howstuffworks.com)
Children who develop it can experience many periods of depression before the first manic episode, making it harder to diagnose. (howstuffworks.com)
While in this state of bipolar behavior, it is not uncommon for people to spend thousands of dollars compulsively shopping, or to impulsively leave a spouse whilst experiencing a manic episode. (all4naturalhealth.com)
This means a person has had at least one manic episode, with or without a depressive episode. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Previous research suggests that at least 60% of adults with bipolar disorder report experiencing at least one stressful event in the months before a manic or depressive episode. (medicalnewstoday.com)
A Manic Episode is defined by a distinct period during which there is an abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood . (health.am)
The elevated mood of a Manic Episode may be described as euphoric, unusually good, cheerful, or high. (health.am)
Conversely, when an individual accomplishes a major achievement they may have their first manic episode. (t-vox.org)
A disabling episode of depression may occur only once but usually occurs several times in a lifetime. (dual-diagnosis.net)
People have had at least one full-fledged manic episode (one that prevents them from functioning normally or that includes delusions) and usually have also had depressive episodes. (msdmanuals.com)
What is a manic episode? (medlineplus.gov)
During a manic episode, people with bipolar disorder find it hard to focus at home, school, or work. (medlineplus.gov)
Cyclothymia consists of a brief recurrent episode of hypomania and mild depression, symptoms ranging from depression to manic more quickly than other bipolar patients and cycles are short. (bvsalud.org)

When euphoria is present, it may manifest as unusual energy and overconfidence, playing out in bouts of overspending or promiscuity, among other behaviors. (psychologytoday.com)

Some young people may have increased suicidal thoughts when first starting a medicine to treat depression. (everydayhealth.com)
Other notable symptoms of bipolar in general are hypersexuality, suicidal ideation , a tendency to self-injure, and extreme changes in behavior or disposition during relatively short periods of time. (all4naturalhealth.com)
Antidepressants increase the risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors in pediatric and young adult patients ( 5.1 ). (nih.gov)
Closely monitor all antidepressant-treated patients for clinical worsening and emergence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors ( 5.1 ). (nih.gov)
Symptoms include changes in sleep and appetite, changes in psychomotor behavior-either agitation or retardation-fatigue, feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt, impaired concentration, and suicidal thinking. (medscape.com)

But instead of full-blown manic episodes, there are episodes of hypomania. (medlineplus.gov)
In this bipolar disorder symptom, a patient's ability to function to the fullest is not impaired, unlike in the case of full-blown manic episodes. (blogspot.com)

People with cyclothymic disorder usually experience a constantly unstable mood, coupled with hypomania and mild depression for a period of at least two years. (talkspace.com)

Should you happen to read my bipolar memoir, Invisible Driving, you will quickly learn that mine is a story of fabulously reckless, dangerous, and self-destructive behavior. (healthyplace.com)

Scientists have demonstrated that dramatic, positive changes can occur in our lives due to facing an extreme challenge - whether it's coping with a serious illness, drugs or alcohol, daring to quit smoking, or just living with depression. (angiesdiary.com)
Manic depression does not occur in the same way for every person who suffers from it, however. (talkspace.com)
Sometimes, the depressive and manic symptoms can even occur together at the same time. (talkspace.com)
Most commonly, manic episodes occur because of an underlying primary bipolar disorder. (psychiatrictimes.com)
However, manic episodes can occur as a result of multiple other causes, including general medical conditions, substance abuse, and medication side effects. (psychiatrictimes.com)
10 Opportunities for identifying fathers with depression can occur at the mother's prenatal visits and postnatal check-up, or during newborn and infant clinical encounters. (aafp.org)

1 Although there is very limited literature describing an association between methotrexate and the occurrence of manic episodes, there have been reported cases of manic episodes in patients with stable bipolar disorder following the administration of methotrexate. (psychiatrictimes.com)

He was a professional clown laughing on the outside and crying on the disease of Depression, alcohol, and drugs. (angiesdiary.com)
So, between the manic depression tormenting me, and alcohol and drug abuse issues coming along for the ride, what is amazing about my story is that I am here to tell it to you. (healthyplace.com)
Alcohol and depression have a well proven link, and are often seen in a vicious circle, where one fuels the other. (home-remedies-for-you.com)
Alcohol is well known as a depressant, so it seems to be common sense that people with depression shouldn't drink. (home-remedies-for-you.com)
Depression is a problem of the mind, but the depression that alcohol causes actually starts in your body. (home-remedies-for-you.com)
Research shows that alcohol may activate a gene that is linked to depression and other mental problems. (home-remedies-for-you.com)
Traditional screening measures have been found to underreport depressive symptoms in men, and men are inclined to mask their symptoms through avoidant or numbing behaviors (e.g., aggression, alcohol or drug use). (aafp.org)
Increases in behaviors such as smoking and alcohol consumption may be factors as well. (medscape.com)

They may realize that your behavior is unusual for you. (medlineplus.gov)
Bipolar disorder, also commonly referred to as manic-depressive illness, is a brain disorder that causes unusual and heightened swings in a person's mood, energy level, and ability to function. (bartleby.com)
Patients of all ages who are started on antidepressant therapy should be monitored appropriately and observed closely for clinical worsening, suicidality, or unusual changes in behavior. (rxlist.com)

It could be the depressive and manic phases in bipolar disorder, but generally speaking, both phases can lead to an unhealthy lifestyle and that's likely what drives the association between bipolar disorder and osteoporosis," he said. (medscape.com)

However, if you have serious and constant shifts in your mood, and these shifts are characterized by frequent episodes of extreme happiness or extreme depression, it can be a sign of a mental health condition formerly referred to as "manic depression," and now more commonly known as bipolar disorder . (talkspace.com)

Cyclothymic Disorder In cyclothymic disorder, relatively mild and short episodes of elation (hypomania) alternate with mild and short episodes of sadness (depression). (msdmanuals.com)

These symptoms often promote suicide in patients who suffer from bipolar disorder, but have to be considered alongside the manic symptoms that are present. (bartleby.com)
Watch for new or worsening thoughts of suicide or depression. (clevelandclinic.org)
In fact, 10% to 15% of manic-depressives who do not receive treatment commit suicide (Harmon, 2000). (usf.edu)

Conversely, the opposite pole of bipolar behavior consists of a manic state marked by extreme behavior in regard to impulsivity, compulsive behaviors, and extremely unclear thinking. (all4naturalhealth.com)

Manic persons have hyperactivity and they hardly pay attention to food because their attention is focused to other irrelevant things. (selfgrowth.com)

Some people with bipolar disorder do experience happiness when in a manic state, but often, the reins of life can slip out of their hands. (howstuffworks.com)
In fact, many people with bipolar disorder initially think they have depression, and clinicians may misdiagnose them. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Let's talk a little bit about depression and antidepressants. (usf.edu)
HARRINGTON: The huge developments that happen in the story of depression and the antidepressants happens in the late '90s, when a range of different studies increasingly seemed to suggest that these antidepressants, although they're helping a lot of people - they seem to be helping a lot of people - when compared to placebo versions of themselves, don't seem to do much better. (usf.edu)

Family history was significant for depression in a maternal aunt, but there was no family history of bipolar disorder or psychosis. (psychiatrictimes.com)

What is bipolar depression like? (medicalnewstoday.com)
Bipolar depression is similar to major depression. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Read on to learn more about bipolar depression, including how it differs from major depression, the symptoms, the types, and how to seek help. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Bipolar depression is similar to other types of depression. (medicalnewstoday.com)
More than half of people with bipolar depression also experience anhedonia , which is the inability to experience pleasure. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Is bipolar depression different from depression? (medicalnewstoday.com)
There is no single characteristic that distinguishes bipolar depression from other types of depression. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Instead of looking at depression symptoms when distinguishing bipolar depression from major depression, it is helpful to look at mood cycling. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Both major depression and bipolar depression can get better and then worse over time. (medicalnewstoday.com)
What causes bipolar depression? (medicalnewstoday.com)
Researchers do not fully understand what causes bipolar disorder, or bipolar depression. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Depression screening tests do not differentiate between unipolar and bipolar depression. (aafp.org)

Bipolar II disorder refers to repeated episodes of depression and a milder bipolar disorder symptom called hypomania. (blogspot.com)

After being evaluated by the psychiatric consult liaison (C-L) team, Charlie was started on olanzapine, which was titrated to 10 mg BID for treatment of acute manic and psychotic symptoms. (psychiatrictimes.com)

Depression is a psychiatric disorder that is characterized by extreme feelings of sadness, anehedonia (or loss of pleasure), guilt, helplessness or hopelessness, an inability to concentrate, an increase or decrease of appetite, and thoughts of death. (dual-diagnosis.net)

One medication that has been hypothesized to precipitate manic episodes is the chemotherapy agent methotrexate. (psychiatrictimes.com)
Manic episodes may happen in patients with bipolar disorder who take this medication. (clevelandclinic.org)
Treatment recommendations should be tailored based on depression severity and factors that would affect compliance (e.g., time constraints for attending therapy, medication adverse effects). (aafp.org)

Containing twenty-five hardcover titles, each with black-and-white photos throughout, a full-color laminated cover, and reinforced binding, the series enhances a young adult's comprehension of mental illness by turning conditions like manic depression and autism into entertaining reading. (mcsweeneys.net)

The children's concern for their mother-Cooper Googles various diseases trying to find one that matches her symptoms-followed by their embarrassment as her behavior becomes more bizarre are affecting and emotionally true. (kirkusreviews.com)

Those that suffer from Depression are experiencing mental illnesses that most hide from those around them. (angiesdiary.com)
Because manic depression has similar symptoms to other mental illnesses, like borderline personality disorder and unipolar depression , healthcare experts sometimes unknowingly provide inaccurate diagnosis to their patients based on similar or overlapping symptoms. (talkspace.com)

Bipolar disorder , formerly known as manic depression, affects 5.7 million adults in the United States. (bellenews.com)
The main takeaway is that manic depression affects millions of people globally, but the symptoms can be managed. (newexodushealth.com)
Depression , which is defined as is a common mental illness that negatively affects how you feel, the way you think and how you act. (southwesthealth.org)

These mood changes vary from deep depression to manic behaviors. (mentalhelp.net)
The mood changes can blend, leaving you filled with depression and elation all at once. (newexodushealth.com)

When in the depressive phase, the individual can have all of the symptoms of depression. (dual-diagnosis.net)

For manic persons, you can portray the role of a father that protects and controls their inappropriate behaviors. (selfgrowth.com)

A saying for those of us who suffer from chronic Depression: Sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will rip our skin apart. (angiesdiary.com)
If you suffer from chronic depression, you may not know it. (angiesdiary.com)
Early detection can offset the risk of chronic depression. (aafp.org)
Chronic illness and chronic pain can lead to depression. (southwesthealth.org)
Dysthymia is a milder form of chronic depression, which can last up to two years and takes place between 6% and 8% of the adult population. (bvsalud.org)

It is caused by chemical imbalances in the brain and marked by significant changes in mood, thoughts, energy and behavior. (bellenews.com)
This includes sudden changes in mood, behavior, or thoughts. (clevelandclinic.org)

The difference between bipolar disorder and unipolar disorder (also called major depression), for the purpose of this introduction, is that bipolar disorder involves "energized" or "activated" mood states in addition to depressed mood states. (t-vox.org)

Your thoughts, feelings, and behavior problems will be discussed. (newexodushealth.com)
Call your care team right away if you experience these thoughts or worsening depression. (clevelandclinic.org)
Depression involves the body, mood and thoughts. (dual-diagnosis.net)

2016). Bipolar II disorder is one of the two most commonly diagnosed subtypes of Bipolar disorder, which are distinguished by the amount of burden the depression causes, the number, frequency, duration, and severity of the depressive episodes, and the occurrence of specific sub threshold episodes (Dell 'Osso, et al. (bartleby.com)
available at https://www.aafp.org/afp/2010/1015/p926.html#afp20101015p926-f1 ) is commonly used to screen for depression in new mothers and has been validated for assessing postnatal depression in fathers using a cutoff of 10 points. (aafp.org)

Anatomy3

Organisms1

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs14

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment19

Psychiatry and Psychology65

Phenomena and Processes9

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena7

Humanities1

Information Science3

Named Groups1

Health Care23

Geographicals1

Severe17

Mania32

Disorders11

Schizophrenia4

Anxiety7

Irritability5

Moods3

Episode19

Euphoria1

Suicidal5

Full-blown manic episodes2

Hypomania and mild depression1

Reckless1

Occur6

Occurrence of manic1

Alcohol8

Unusual3

Depressive and manic1

Extreme happiness1

Cyclothymic1

Suicide3

Impulsivity1

Hyperactivity1

People with bipolar disorder2

Antidepressants2

Psychosis1

Bipolar depression12

Episodes of depression1

Psychotic symptoms1

Psychiatric1

Medication3

Autism1

Embarrassment1

Mental illnesses2

Affects3

Mood changes2

Symptoms of depression1

Inappropriate1

Chronic5

Changes in mood2

Unipolar1

Thoughts3

Commonly2