• [ 3 ] It is also important to note that some of the most severe cases of anaphylaxis present in the absence of skin findings. (medscape.com)
  • Because there are no documented cases of anaphylaxis yet, the chances of someone carrying epinephrine specifically for this type of injury are low. (tdisdi.com)
  • Reactions to medication are by far the deadliest, with a rate of 0.42 fatal cases of anaphylaxis per million people. (popsci.com)
  • On December 9, the UK authorities confirmed two cases of anaphylaxis after vaccination and promptly issued this press release from the NHRA. (cdc.gov)
  • I will say since the December 19th presentation, CDC and FDA through monitoring and VARES have continued to identify additional cases of anaphylaxis occurring following Pfizer-BioNTech vaccination. (cdc.gov)
  • Rare cases of anaphylaxis after receipt of both vaccines were reported (4.5 reported cases per million doses administered). (cdc.gov)
  • Note: If you are having a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis), which can be characterized by swelling in your face and throat, fainting , nausea, difficulty breathing or loss of consciousness, call 911 to seek immediate medical treatment. (healthpartners.com)
  • Most of us will experience a local or large local reaction to a bee sting. (healthpartners.com)
  • If your bee sting has caused a local reaction, there's no need to seek medical care - you can treat it at home. (healthpartners.com)
  • The reaction of a person to a bee sting may vary according to the bee species. (wikipedia.org)
  • the risk of allergic reaction and anaphylaxis outweighs any benefits. (wikipedia.org)
  • This intravenous access carries the increased risk of a systemic reaction, such as anaphylaxis . (medicinenet.com)
  • Anaphylaxis is an acute, potentially fatal, multiorgan system reaction caused by the release of chemical mediators from mast cells and basophils. (medscape.com)
  • These stings cause a local reaction that can feel like sharp burning in the area of the sting. (everydayhealth.com)
  • Am I Having an Allergic Reaction to a Wasp Sting? (everydayhealth.com)
  • In some, however, a single sting from wasp, bee or specific type of ant can cause an anaphylactic reaction. (healthcentre.org.uk)
  • Symptoms of an impending allergic reaction to an insect bite or sting can include immediate burning pain, raised swelling at the point of the sting, rash, respiratory difficulty, dizziness, decrease in blood pressure, nausea, sweating. (healthcentre.org.uk)
  • In general, the best way to avoid an allergic reaction to an insect bit or sting is to simply avoid situations in which you might come into contact with them. (healthcentre.org.uk)
  • These allergies can cause anaphylaxis, a type of severe reaction that affects your whole body. (healthline.com)
  • How long after an insect or wasp sting can an allergic reaction or anaphylaxis occur? (nationaljewish.org)
  • An allergic reaction may occur immediately or within four hours of an insect sting. (nationaljewish.org)
  • A severe allergic reaction, called anaphylaxis, often begins within minutes of the insect sting, but occasionally may begin an hour or so later. (nationaljewish.org)
  • A severe allergic reaction, known as anaphylaxis, can be fatal. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction. (nchmd.org)
  • This second reaction is called biphasic anaphylaxis. (nchmd.org)
  • Allergy symptoms aren't usually life-threatening, but a severe allergic reaction can lead to anaphylaxis. (nchmd.org)
  • Even if you or your child has had only a mild anaphylactic reaction in the past, there's a risk of more severe anaphylaxis after another exposure to the allergy-causing substance. (nchmd.org)
  • Initial exposure to the toxins from a lionfish sting will produce a very painful injury, and often there will be a mild localized or systemic allergic reaction associated with the sting. (tdisdi.com)
  • Exposure to a lionfish sting may cause a mild allergic reaction. (tdisdi.com)
  • Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening reaction to a bee sting, food, or other substance. (tdisdi.com)
  • When considering implications for commercial divers related to repeated exposure to lionfish stings, and the possibility of severe allergic reaction, questions were raised as to how to treat divers who might be at depth in a diving bell, or in pressurized situations such as a hyperbaric chamber. (tdisdi.com)
  • Whether you know someone who can suffer from an anaphylaxis reaction, everyone should be prepared and educated in case of an emergency. (emergencyfirstresponse.com)
  • Anaphylaxis is the most severe form of an allergic reaction that if not treated immediately, can quickly become life-threatening. (emergencyfirstresponse.com)
  • Now that you understand what anaphylaxis is and its severity, here are three ways you can be equipped to handle the allergic reaction in an emergency. (emergencyfirstresponse.com)
  • In some cases, even just the smell of the allergen can result in an individual having an anaphylaxis reaction. (emergencyfirstresponse.com)
  • Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening allergic reaction. (bupa.co.uk)
  • Wasp and bee stings are the main danger, but ant stings and spider bites can also cause an anaphylactic reaction. (bupa.co.uk)
  • All three can trigger a serious allergic reaction such as anaphylaxis, which requires immediate medical attention. (brunet.ca)
  • A serious allergy, or anaphylaxis, is an abnormal reaction by the immune system to the presence of a trigger, also called an allergen . (brunet.ca)
  • You can reduce the chances that you or your child will get stung and have an allergic reaction by preventing or avoiding exposure to the stinging insects. (stlukesonline.org)
  • If you are at increased risk of a severe allergic reaction ( anaphylaxis ), have someone else do yard work. (stlukesonline.org)
  • Anaphylaxis is an severe, whole-body allergic reaction. (healingwell.com)
  • In theory, any foreign molecule can trigger an anaphylactic reaction, though a dog must have been exposed to this trigger at least twice before shock can occur. (petmd.com)
  • However, in a person who is allergic to such stings, one sting can cause death due to an anaphylactic reaction (a life-threatening allergic reaction in which blood pressure falls and the airway closes). (onteenstoday.com)
  • A severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) to bee stings is potentially life-threatening and requires emergency treatment. (onteenstoday.com)
  • That is the same kind of reaction that occurs with stings from bees. (trustedhealthproducts.com)
  • He was experiencing anaphylaxis, the same potentially deadly reaction people can have to bee stings, peanuts, or another allergen. (businessinsider.in)
  • Some reactions can occur after several hours, particularly if the allergen causes a reaction after it has been eaten. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Anaphylaxis is a sudden and severe allergic reaction that occurs within minutes of exposure. (medlineplus.gov)
  • If the allergic reaction is from a bee sting, scrape the stinger off the skin with something firm (such as a fingernail or plastic credit card). (medlineplus.gov)
  • When treating a bee sting, it's incredibly important to be aware of the signs of a possible allergic reaction. (fastmed.com)
  • Bee stings that do not cause an allergic reaction may lead to some discomfort for a day or two but typically do not require any further treatment. (fastmed.com)
  • If the victim of a bee sting is having trouble breathing , their tongue swells , they feel faint , or they break out into hives , these could be signs of a very serious reaction. (fastmed.com)
  • This is the most extreme allergic reaction - and the one that most parents worry about - is anaphylaxis. (madeformums.com)
  • A type I reaction, anaphylaxis is an extreme and severe allergic response. (madeformums.com)
  • This could result from things like a bee sting, or contact with an allergen your dog has a severe reaction to. (sitstay.com)
  • Anaphylaxis is the most serious allergic reaction and can potentially have a fatal outcome. (aha.ch)
  • Allergic reaction to venoms in insect bites and stings that is triggered by the immune system (i.e. (bvsalud.org)
  • For most people, a sting won't cause more than pain, swelling, and redness right around the sting-what's known as a local reaction. (msdmanuals.com)
  • However, a small percentage of people are allergic to insect stings and suffer a much more severe and dangerous reaction, known as a generalized reaction. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Next time you or a child receives a nasty sting, look for signs of a generalized allergic reaction. (msdmanuals.com)
  • However, sometimes people who never had an allergic reaction on previous stings have a generalized allergic reaction to their next sting. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Patients and parents should note-a more severe local reaction (greater pain or more extreme swelling) is not an indicator of increased risk for a generalized reaction, nor is receiving multiple stings. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The chance of a systemic reaction to a insect sting is low (5% to 10%) in large local reactors and in children with mild (cutaneous) systemic reactions. (bvsalud.org)
  • Make an appointment to see your provider if you or your child has had a severe allergy attack or signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis in the past. (nchmd.org)
  • Other symptoms of anaphylaxis in dogs include facial swelling, itching, and hives, which may or may not progress to difficulty in breathing. (petmd.com)
  • Among the groups studied, the risk of anaphylaxis due to medication was highest among older Americans and African-Americans, next highest in whites, and lowest in Hispanic patients. (qualityhealth.com)
  • Previous information has led people living with allergies to believe that the preferred Pfizer booster will put them at risk of anaphylaxis. (anaphylaxis.org.uk)
  • If you have an ongoing risk of anaphylaxis, you should be prescribed an adrenaline auto-injector (or 'pen'), like EpiPen, Emerade or Jext. (bupa.co.uk)
  • Drugs are the most common cause of fatal anaphylaxis," says Elina Jerschow, MD, director of the Drug Allergy Center at Montefiore Medical Center. (qualityhealth.com)
  • They found that drug-related anaphylaxis accounted for close to 60% of all allergy-related deaths, making it the most common cause of allergy-related death in this country. (qualityhealth.com)
  • The Anaphylaxis Campaign and Allergy UK are facing a deluge of desperate enquiries in response to the government's promotion of the importance and urgency of the booster vaccination. (anaphylaxis.org.uk)
  • However, it is an extremely rare cause of anaphylactic reactions and ONLY individuals with a history of anaphylaxis immediately after taking medicines containing PEG need to seek further specialist allergy advice before vaccination. (anaphylaxis.org.uk)
  • You do need to seek further allergy advice if you have had immediate anaphylaxis to MULTIPLE unrelated medicines that contain Polyethylene glycol (PEG/Macrogol). (anaphylaxis.org.uk)
  • In the event of getting stung, a medical ID can help identify the cause of the allergic reactions including the treatment that you need in case you are unconscious or otherwise unable to communicate your allergy to others. (americanmedical-id.com)
  • My kid found out two summers ago that he has a life-threatening allergy to insect stings. (americanmedical-id.com)
  • If somebody is stung multiple times in one event by bees they should be transported to a hospital for observation, even if they don't show any signs of allergy. (arrivealive.co.za)
  • One analysis from 2017 , using hospital admissions for anaphylaxis as a proxy, found that food allergy rates had roughly doubled in the U.S. Climate change also seems to be making pollen allergies worse , and worldwide it seems all kinds of allergies are up , but again, it's not clear what the actual numbers are. (popsci.com)
  • One group actually did this for the data from 1999 to 2010, and though they didn't break it down much by specific type of allergy, deaths from food-induced anaphylaxis were the least common type of anaphylaxis death. (popsci.com)
  • Also, case reviews and consultation with allergy, immunology experts to provide guidance for persons following anaphylaxis to COVID-19 vaccine. (cdc.gov)
  • An allergy is when the body's immune system reacts to proteins in food or other substances like pollen, nickel, pet dander, bee stings and medication. (choice.com.au)
  • Anyone who lives with a severe allergy to bee stings should carry an epinephrine autoinjector with them at all times. (fastmed.com)
  • The lower prevalence of peanut allergy in China (but not in Chinese immigrants eating a Western diet) has been attributed to boiling of peanuts as opposed to other thermal methods. (medscape.com)
  • Stinging insects like to go after children. (healthpartners.com)
  • Bee stings differ from insect bites, with the venom of stinging insects having considerable chemical variation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bees with barbed stingers can often sting other insects without harming themselves. (wikipedia.org)
  • What color of clothing is better to prevent getting stung by bees or other insects? (nationaljewish.org)
  • Wear a medical alert bracelet or necklace stating that you are allergic to stings from bees or other insects. (nationaljewish.org)
  • Pay special attention to areas where stinging insects may be present, such as woods, orchards, flower gardens, picnic areas, or near trash containers or old buildings. (stlukesonline.org)
  • Some stinging insects may be attracted to them. (stlukesonline.org)
  • Clothing in a single neutral light color such as white, beige, or khaki is less attractive to stinging insects. (stlukesonline.org)
  • Read labels carefully-many general-purpose insecticides for home and garden use are not effective against common stinging insects. (stlukesonline.org)
  • Keep in mind that stinging insects are valuable in the environment, and it is generally not effective or desirable to control them over a wide area. (stlukesonline.org)
  • PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Field stings by bumblebees are uncommon because of the habitat and nonaggressiveness of these insects. (eur.nl)
  • She recommends carrying an epinephrine auto-injector, commonly known as an EpiPen, when camping or hiking, especially if anyone in the group has ever reacted badly to previous stings. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Anaphylaxis requires an injection of epinephrine and a follow-up trip to an emergency room. (nchmd.org)
  • The practice of individuals carrying epinephrine auto injectors in the future in case of lionfish stings may be as common as carrying them for bee stings or other known allergic reactions today. (tdisdi.com)
  • Epinephrine is the first line of treatment to neutralize anaphylaxis. (brunet.ca)
  • While bee stinger venom is slightly acidic and causes only mild pain in most people, allergic reactions may occur in people with allergies to venom components. (wikipedia.org)
  • On the off chance that you have a run-in with a wasp, here's what you need to know about wasp sting remedies and sting allergies. (everydayhealth.com)
  • If you have seasonal allergies, take heart: allergies to pollen or trees, for example, rarely lead to anaphylaxis. (qualityhealth.com)
  • Unfortunately, the message that Pfizer was not suitable for people with allergies, and in particular for people with any history of anaphylaxis, spread far and wide. (anaphylaxis.org.uk)
  • This increases a person's chance of having an allergic response to bees and makes bee allergies more common than wasp allergies. (healthcentre.org.uk)
  • The diagnosis and long-term management of anaphylaxis are complicated, so you'll probably need to see a doctor who specializes in allergies and immunology. (nchmd.org)
  • One in five people in the United States suffer from symptoms related to seasonal, food, medication, bee sting or other allergies. (geisinger.org)
  • Food allergies can present with potentially life-threatening allergic reactions or anaphylaxis upon exposure to allergic foods. (geisinger.org)
  • Food allergies can cause serious reactions including anaphylaxis. (americanmedical-id.com)
  • EpiPens can be lifesavers for people suffering from bee stings, drug reactions, food allergies or hiking related shock. (wnyt.com)
  • Across the years of the study, 149 people died of food allergies, while 370 died of venom-induced anaphylaxis-those might be from bee stings, but they may also be from other venomous creatures. (popsci.com)
  • Thus regular consumption of Mulethi has been linked to a boost in immunity and protection of the body from infections and allergies. (cowurine.com)
  • It issued interim recommendations for the use of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine and shortly thereafter, CDC issued interim consideration preparing for the potential management of anaphylaxis at COVID-19 sites. (cdc.gov)
  • You probably know someone who is severely allergic to something, like peanuts or bee stings. (healthline.com)
  • It can occur within seconds or minutes of exposure to something you're allergic to, such as peanuts or bee stings. (nchmd.org)
  • Although not common, some people develop anaphylaxis from aerobic exercise, such as jogging, or even less intense physical activity, such as walking. (nchmd.org)
  • A small percentage of people who are stung by a bee or other insect quickly develop anaphylaxis. (onteenstoday.com)
  • In fact, children can develop anaphylaxis from the fumes of cooking fish or residual peanut in a candy bar. (medscape.com)
  • Yellow jackets are sometimes confused with hornets and bees, but you can easily identify them by their black-and-yellow-striped abdomen and short legs. (everydayhealth.com)
  • You'll first need to remove the stinger, if it's there, and then focus on treating the sting. (healthpartners.com)
  • Fun fact: One way to know what kind of insect stung you is to check for a stinger. (healthpartners.com)
  • A honey bee is the only species with a stinger that detaches, which means that the honeybee will sting and then die. (healthpartners.com)
  • A stinger will look like a small brown or black dot in the middle of your sting. (healthpartners.com)
  • A bee sting is the wound and pain caused by the stinger of a female bee puncturing skin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although it is widely believed that a worker honey bee can sting only once, this is a partial misconception: although the stinger is in fact barbed so that it lodges in the victim's skin, tearing loose from the bee's abdomen and leading to its death in minutes, this only happens if the skin of the victim is sufficiently thick, such as a mammal's. (wikipedia.org)
  • The female bees (worker bees and queens) are the only ones that can sting, and their stinger is a modified ovipositor. (wikipedia.org)
  • The queen bee has a barbed but smoother stinger and can, if need be, sting skin-bearing creatures multiple times, but the queen does not leave the hive under normal conditions. (wikipedia.org)
  • The bee does not push the stinger in but it is drawn in by the barbed slides. (wikipedia.org)
  • When a female honey bee stings a person, it cannot pull the barbed stinger back out, but rather leaves behind not only the stinger, but also part of its abdomen and digestive tract, plus muscles and nerves. (wikipedia.org)
  • When a bee stings its prey, the stinger often imbeds itself into the skin and becomes fatally detached from the bee and it will then die. (healthcentre.org.uk)
  • Will I die if I leave a bee stinger in me? (onteenstoday.com)
  • This could be that because, unlike a worker bee, a queen bee's stinger is smooth and not barbed. (onteenstoday.com)
  • This is unlike what happens to a worker bee, which loses her stinger and dies in the process of stinging. (onteenstoday.com)
  • While a bee can only sting once because its stinger becomes stuck in the skin of its victim, a wasp can sting more than once during an attack. (onteenstoday.com)
  • A wasp's stinger contains venom (a poisonous substance) that's transmitted to humans during a sting. (xshotpix.com)
  • The stinger of yellowjackets is not barbed like the stinger on bees. (xshotpix.com)
  • After a sting, honeybees leave a barbed stinger behind (and the honeybee dies). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Following a honeybee sting, the stinger should be removed as quickly as possible. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Most commonly, anaphylaxis is a response to a drug, food, or insect venom allergen. (qualityhealth.com)
  • Severe, systemic hypersensitivities are commonly referred to as anaphylaxis, or anaphylactic shock. (petmd.com)
  • Reactions to insect stings, both allergic and toxic, are commonly seen in medical pediatric practice but uncommonly encountered by pediatric dentists. (bvsalud.org)
  • Eventually, doctors confirmed their suspected diagnosis of cold urticaria/anaphylaxis using the "ice cube test. (businessinsider.in)
  • Urticaria and angioedema are important components of systemic anaphylaxis which is an acute life threatening condition 2 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Insect bites and stings are so common that nearly everyone experiences one at some point. (everydayhealth.com)
  • The level of pain caused by the caterpillar's sting varies from person to person, but entomologist Molly Keck of the Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service said the venom can be dangerous to individuals who suffer from extreme reactions to insect bites. (wuga.org)
  • Wasp stings are venomous, so if one stings you, you'll know right away. (everydayhealth.com)
  • These allergic reactions, known as anaphylaxis, are very severe and lead to swelling of the airway, inability to breathe, and a sudden drop in blood pressure. (sitstay.com)
  • Two healthcare workers had been reported to have suffered anaphylactic reactions to their Pfizer vaccines in the first week of the COVID-19 vaccine roll-out in December 2020. (anaphylaxis.org.uk)
  • All evidence points to it only being a matter of time, however, before we see anaphylactic reactions to lionfish stings. (tdisdi.com)
  • 1cc IV) and hydrocortisone (100 mg IV) were given immediately (stat), which are believed to ameliorate delayed effects of anaphylactic reactions and may limit biphasic anaphylaxis. (bvsalud.org)
  • The severity of a bee sting will vary from one case to the next, as all people's bodies react differently to a sting. (fastmed.com)
  • The symptoms vary in severity from skin rashes to life-threatening anaphylaxis. (madeformums.com)
  • Treatment depends on the severity of the anaphylaxis. (aha.ch)
  • One study showed an inverse correlation between PAF acetylhydrolase activity and the severity of anaphylaxis. (medscape.com)
  • With the lionfish population increasing, the odds of getting stung increases as well. (tdisdi.com)
  • What are the odds of getting stung by a bee? (onteenstoday.com)
  • The term anaphylaxis is generally used for unexpected, rapid and severe allergic reactions involving a drop in blood pressure, collapse, loss of consciousness and shock. (aha.ch)
  • Although the clinical presentation and management are the same, the term anaphylaxis generally refers to IgE-mediated reactions, whereas the term anaphylactoid generally refers to non-IgE-mediated reactions. (medscape.com)
  • The term anaphylaxis syndrome is best used to describe clinical symptoms and signs. (medscape.com)
  • Patients with refractory or very severe anaphylaxis (with cardiovascular and/or severe respiratory symptoms) should be admitted or treated and observed for a longer period in the emergency department or an observation area. (medscape.com)
  • If a sting does occur, and your body starts to react in an unpleasant way it is best to make your way to the nearest accident and emergency department in case anaphylaxis begins to occur. (healthcentre.org.uk)
  • Anaphylaxis symptoms usually occur within minutes of exposure to an allergen. (nchmd.org)
  • Sometimes, however, anaphylaxis can occur a half-hour or longer after exposure. (nchmd.org)
  • Have the supplies you need to care for a sting and should one occur get the person out of the water and treat the injury. (tdisdi.com)
  • If you've got one stuck in your skin, you were stung by a honeybee. (healthpartners.com)
  • Secondly, with heavily exposed greenhouse workers or bumblebee workers, frequently stung only by bumblebees, it is recommended to use immunotherapy with purified bumblebee venom, due to the low or absent degree of cross-reactivity with honeybee venom. (eur.nl)
  • There have been no known documented cases of true anaphylaxis associated with lionfish stings to date, but the potential for future cases remains high related to the odds of suffering an initial injury and repeated exposure. (tdisdi.com)
  • Usually occurring within 20 minutes to two hours from exposure to an allergen, anaphylaxis requires urgent medical attention. (emergencyfirstresponse.com)
  • After an initial exposure to a substance like bee sting toxin, the person's immune system becomes sensitized to that allergen. (healingwell.com)
  • A combination of exercise and other contributing factors such as food, weather conditions, or medications can cause exercise-induced anaphylaxis. (healthline.com)
  • At present, no reliable in vitro test is available to monitor the success of specific venom immunotherapy (VIT) in preventing insect venom anaphylaxis. (jiaci.org)
  • The purpose of this review is to summarize the recent literature concerning bumblebee anaphylaxis and describe our own experience with immunotherapy in an occupational group of bumblebee-venom- allergic workers. (eur.nl)
  • Allergens may be inhaled, ingested (eaten or swallowed), applied to the skin, or injected into the body either as medication or inadvertently by an insect sting. (medicinenet.com)
  • This is a needle containing an emergency dose of medication that is injected into the thigh in the event of a bee sting. (fastmed.com)
  • If someone is in contact with a trigger, anaphylaxis comes on very quickly - usually within minutes. (bupa.co.uk)
  • Substances that don't bother most people (such as venom from bee stings and certain foods, medicines, and pollens) can trigger allergic reactions in certain people. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In children, foods can be a significant trigger for immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated anaphylaxis. (medscape.com)
  • Foods are the most common trigger of anaphylaxis in children, with peanuts being the most frequent primary cause. (medscape.com)
  • This is when your body has a severe allergic response to the sting. (healthpartners.com)
  • People who had a generalized allergic response in the past will very likely have one again after another sting. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The honey bees have an extremely acute sense of smell, and most recognition of the beekeeper is probably done by detecting odor. (onteenstoday.com)
  • Anaphylaxis is an acute, potentially life-threatening syndrome - with multisystemic manifestations due to the rapid release of inflammatory mediators. (medscape.com)
  • Anaphylaxis occurs in about one in 50 Americans. (wnyt.com)
  • Though rare, if anaphylaxis occurs in a dog, it is a medical emergency. (petmd.com)
  • Anaphylaxis occurs because of the inappropriate release of certain infection-fighting compounds by white blood cells. (petmd.com)
  • Queen honeybees and bees of many other species, including bumblebees and many solitary bees, have smoother stingers with smaller barbs, and can sting mammals repeatedly. (wikipedia.org)
  • Drone bees, the males, are larger and do not have stingers. (wikipedia.org)
  • One exception to this is that of the bumble and carpenter bee, which both have smooth stingers like the wasp and can reuse them without fear of death. (healthcentre.org.uk)
  • If you are allergic to a bee sting, like wasp stings, only the emergency administration of adrenaline will keep the body from falling into anaphylactic shock. (healthcentre.org.uk)
  • Adrenaline is the most effective drug for anaphylaxis symptoms. (bupa.co.uk)
  • What's the best way to protect against yellow jacket and other insect stings during a picnic? (nationaljewish.org)
  • How many yellow jacket stings does it take to kill you? (onteenstoday.com)