Basement membrane tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2. Medical search. Frequent questions

Matrix metalloproteinases One of the newest theories for the molecular basis of laminitis involves matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). (wikipedia.org)
In cases of laminitis, an underlying cause is thought to cause an imbalance of MMPs and TIMPs, favoring MMPs, so that they may cleave substances within the extracellular matrix and therefore break down the basement membrane. (wikipedia.org)
These include: Enzymatic and inflammatory theories: The enzymatic theory postulates that increased blood flow to the foot brings in inflammatory cytokines or other substances to the hoof, where they increase production of MMPs, which subsequently break down the basement membrane. (wikipedia.org)
however, in the corneal stroma, excessive infiltration of monocytes/macrophages is considered to be unfavorable because they secrete matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and other proteins undesirable for tissue healing. (medscape.com)
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of structurally related endopeptidases that require a metal cofactor. (medscape.com)
Due to the important roles that MMPs play in cancer, a number of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors (MMPIs) have been investigated. (chemdiv.com)
Small-molecules inhibitors such as CGS 27023A also target MMPs. (chemdiv.com)
BACKGROUND/AIMS Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) accumulate in the tears of patients with active peripheral ulcerative keratitis (PUK) but it is unknown whether these enzymes have a central role in disease progression. (bmj.com)
The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc and calcium ion dependent enzymes 1 of differing substrate specificity but similar structure and catalytic mechanism. (bmj.com)
13 The suggestion that these MMPs may be involved in PUK is based on the observation that MMP-2 production is upregulated in keratocytes cultured from perforated corneas of patients with PUK, and the finding that the quantity of MMP-9 in tear samples taken from eyes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis is correlated with the extent of PUK progression in the corresponding corneas. (bmj.com)
Additionally, the expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are increased in almost every type of human cancer, which may be associated with cell invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis. (spandidos-publications.com)
Among the MMPs, MMP-2 and MMP-9 directly regulate angiogenesis ( 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
MMPs have been implicated in these processes and a previous study has suggested that the plasma level of MMP-2 and MMP-9 may be viewed as a non-invasive indicator of invasiveness and metastasis in colon cancer ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Under normal physiological condition, MMPs are weakly expressed in tissues, whereas in pathological events, their overexpression is the cause of the imbalance between MMPs and tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) 5-6-7 . (bvsalud.org)
They are classified into 5 groups according to substrate specificity and internal homology: collagenases, gelatinases, stromelysins, membrane-type MMPs, and others, including matrilysins 8 . (bvsalud.org)
MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-8, MMP-9 and MMP-13 have been identified in odontogenic cysts, which suggests that MMPs play an important role in the growth of these tumors 9-10 . (bvsalud.org)
MMPs now comprise a group of 18 different enzymes in man, including the classic fibroblast collagenase MMP-1 (collagenase-1), the mesenchymal form of MMP-8 (collagenase-2) and MMP-13 (collagenase-3). (biomedcentral.com)
One of the main difficulties in studying the mechanism of action of these matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) derives from the physicochemical properties of the natural triple-helical collagen, which makes ii difficult to handle. (uni-bielefeld.de)
The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of structurally and functionally related endoproteinases that are collectively capable of degrading most of the components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) 1, 2 . (periobasics.com)
MMPs are secreted by a variety of connective tissue and pro-inflammatory cells including fibroblasts, osteoblasts, endothelial cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and lymphocytes. (periobasics.com)
Under normal physiological conditions, the proteolytic activity of the MMPs is controlled primarily at any of the following three known stages: transcription, activation of the zymogens, and inhibition of the active forms by various tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs). (periobasics.com)
The generic structure of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). (periobasics.com)
Other MMPs, known as membrane-type MMPs (MT-MMP), are linked to the plasma membrane either by a transmembrane domain or by a glycosyl-phosphatidyl inositol linkage, attached to the hemopexin domain. (periobasics.com)
Another type of MMPs are called as the MT-MMPs (Membrane Type Matrix Metalloproteinases) that are localized to the cell surface. (periobasics.com)
In addition to connective tissue and ECM components, proteinase inhibitors such as α1-proteinase inhibitor, antithrombin-III and α2-macroglobulin are selectively cleaved by MMPs. (periobasics.com)
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc-dependent proteinases that are capable of cleaving all extra cellular matrix (ECM) substrates. (biomedcentral.com)
It might have an important polymorphic association at the promoter regions of several MMPs such as MMP-1 (-1607 1G/2G), MMP-2 (-1306 C/T), MMP-3 (-1171 5A/6A), MMP-9 (-1562 C/T) and TIMP-2 (-418 G/C or C/C). Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are naturally occurring inhibitors of MMPs, which inhibit the activity of MMPs and control the breakdown of ECM. (biomedcentral.com)
Tissue inhibitors of matrix metallo-proteinases (TIMPs) are known to have the ability to inhibit the catalytic activity of MMPs. (biomedcentral.com)
Turpeenniemi-Hujanen et al suggested that the expressions of matrix expression of MMPs as well as their tissue inhibitors the TIMPs are associated with the clinical behaviour in head and neck malignancy [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
One well-characterized property of invasive tumors is their ability to accelerate the degradation of the extracellular matrix, by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) [ 5 ].This degradation provides access to the vasculature and lymphatic system, allowing tumor dissemination. (biomedcentral.com)
Moreover, collagens interact with matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which degrade the matrix and perform a crucial position in physiological and pathological processes, this kind of as wound healing, tissue repair, angiogenesis, arthritis and metastasis (Visse and Nagase, 2003). (dot1linhibitor.com)

Metalloproteinases are enzymes that can degrade collagen, growth factors, and cytokines to remodel the extracellular matrix of tissues. (wikipedia.org)
A critical step in this process is degradation of the basement membrane, which contains extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and functions as a barrier to surrounding tissues. (aacrjournals.org)
The main function of metalloproteinases is to degrade extracellular matrix and basement membrane components. (medscape.com)
Atrolysin C is a P-I snake venom metalloproteinase (SVMP) from Crotalus atrox venom, which efficiently degrades capillary basement membranes, extracellular matrix, and cell surface proteins to produce hemorrhage. (ox.ac.uk)
2 Physiologically, these enzymes participate in tissue remodelling 3-5 and, pathologically, they cause disruption or disintegration of extracellular matrices. (bmj.com)
During an inflammatory response, neutrophils move from the blood to the site of inflammation by transmigrating across the endothelial barrier and through the basement membrane (BM) of the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). (nature.com)
Background Excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and a reactive stroma can affect T-cell infiltration and T-cell activity in the tumor and hereby influence response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). (bmj.com)
Defining the cells and proteinases responsible for destruction of lung extracellular matrix associated with cigarette smoking will be required for development of appropriate proteinase inhibitors for application in COPD. (atsjournals.org)
To facilitate invasion, CTBs launch numerous degradative molecules, including matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family members (9), which break down basement membrane parts and extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules they encounter. (bibf1120.com)
Finally, we have presented data indicating that surface HSP90 interacts specifically with the extracellular domain of HER-2 and that this interaction which is necessary for the receptor's activation leading to breast cancer cell invasion, is disrupted by mAb 4C5 [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Introduction of biological practical sequences Animal collagen may be the big cIAP-1 Antagonist supplier structural protein delivering physical help of tissues, and in addition has a variety of biological functions by interacting with cell surface receptors and also other extracellular matrix molecules. (dot1linhibitor.com)
A non-fibrillar collagen that forms a network of MICROFIBRILS within the EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. (lookformedical.com)
This classification was based on the notion that "collagen" was equivalent to "connective tissue", but with the present recognition of the different types of collagen and the aggregates derived from them as distinct entities, the term "collagen diseases" now pertains exclusively to those inherited conditions in which the primary defect is at the gene level and affects collagen biosynthesis, post-translational modification, or extracellular processing directly. (lookformedical.com)
A meshwork-like substance found within the extracellular space and in association with the basement membrane of the cell surface. (lookformedical.com)
Connective tissue cells which secrete an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules. (lookformedical.com)
This pathological end stage of tissue repair is characterised by excess extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition due to increased production and/or an imbalance in turnover often resulting in functional damage in tissues and organs [ 3 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

To prevent tissue damage, they are regulated by tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). (wikipedia.org)
Structural features of the reprolysin atrolysin C and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) interaction. (ox.ac.uk)
The tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are effective inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases which share some structural similarity with the SVMPs. (ox.ac.uk)
Fibroblasts produce TIMPs (1-4), which were previously called human fibroblast collagenase inhibitors. (biomedcentral.com)

It inhibited lung cancer cell invasion and down-regulated matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7), which promoted lung cancer cell invasion. (aacrjournals.org)
1] R. Roy, J. Yang, and M. A. Moses, "Matrix metalloproteinases as novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in human cancer," J. Clin. (chemdiv.com)
2] J. Cathcart, A. Pulkoski-Gross, and J. Cao, "Targeting matrix metalloproteinases in cancer: Bringing new life to old ideas," Genes and Diseases, vol. 2, no. 1. (chemdiv.com)
One important feature of TIF is thickening of the tubular basement membrane with altered matrix composition. (ucl.ac.uk)
Treatment with AAEE significantly increased type I procollagen production by cultured fibroblasts, as well as reduced ultraviolet-induced matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) expression and MMP-2 activity in a dose-dependent manner ( p (toxicolres.org)
Collagens are degraded by collagenases, members of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) endopeptidase family. (toxicolres.org)
Elastin, an insoluble fibrous protein, occupies only 2~4% of the dermis matrix but is an important in maintaining the elasticity of the skin. (toxicolres.org)
Matrix metalloproteinases are pivotal enzymes in connective tissue remodeling. (stanford.edu)
The results showed that formononetin downregulated the expression of the key pro-angiogenic factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinases. (spandidos-publications.com)
Some cytokines act as competence rather than progression factors, some lack secretory signals, and some must be processed and released from the pericellular matrix or basement membranes (eg transforming growth factor beta [TGF-β ] binding to chondroitin or the keratan sulfate of biglycan, decorin and fibromodulin, or basic fibroblast growth factor and platelet derived growth factor binding to the heparin sulfate of glypican, perlecan and syndecan). (biomedcentral.com)
This growth factor also stimulates production of collagens, proteoglycans, elastin, fibronectin, tenascin and thrombospondin, diminishes production of extracellularly active neutral endoproteinases belonging to the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and serine proteinase families, and stimulates production of endogenous MMP inhibitors (tissue inhibitor of metallo-proteinase [TIMP]) and serpins (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1). (biomedcentral.com)
For example, neutrophils are short-lived and package active serine proteinases in azurophil (primary) granules and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-8, MMP-9) in specific (secondary/tertiary) granules. (atsjournals.org)
Conclusions: The results confirm the usefulness of synthetic heterotrimeric collagenous peptides in the folded and unfolded state as mimics of the natural substrates collagen and gelatin, respectively, to gain a better a insight into the proteolytic mechanisms of matrix metalloproteinases. (uni-bielefeld.de)
Recognition and catabolism of synthetic heterotrimeric collagen peptides by matrix metalloproteinases", CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY , vol. 7, 2000, pp. 119-132. (uni-bielefeld.de)
The results indicate that NC1 preparations decrease the activity of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 3 (MMP-2, MMP-3) toward a peptide substrate, though not to [14C]-gelatin. (ox.ac.uk)
Matrix metalloproteinase are a family of zinc dependent endopeptidases that are capable of degrading most components of the extra cellular matrix (ECM) [ 7 - 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Here we investigate the interaction of the secreted isoforms of HSP90 with matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) MMP2 and MMP9. (biomedcentral.com)
A non-vascular form of connective tissue composed of CHONDROCYTES embedded in a matrix that includes CHONDROITIN SULFATE and various types of FIBRILLAR COLLAGEN. (lookformedical.com)
In general, TME mainly consists of genetically heterogeneous cancer cells, endothelial cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts(CAFs), and different populations of immune cells [2] , establishing a complex cross-talk with tumor via producing growth factors, chemokines and matrix-degrading enzymes. (ommegaonline.org)
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a multifactorial, heterogeneous disease characterized by persistent inflammation of the sinonasal mucosa and tissue remodeling, which can include basal/progenitor cell hyperplasia, goblet cell hyperplasia, squamous cell metaplasia, loss or dysfunction of ciliated cells, and increased matrix deposition. (molcells.org)

The basement membrane is then attached to the coffin bone via the connective tissue of the dermis. (wikipedia.org)
Since the basement membrane is the main link between the hoof wall and the connective tissue of P3, it is thought that its destruction results in their separation. (wikipedia.org)
Recent knowledge suggests that how tissue and, in particular, connective tissue, responds to osteopathic treatment may depend on the modulation of the inflammation degree. (mdpi.com)
The most pronounced finding of the studied tissue factors was in bronchial epithelium, mucosal connective tissue and blood vessels of COPD patients, which proves the significant involvement and role of these structures in COPD morphopathogenesis. (rsu.lv)
Frequently, however, ILDs can also be associated with a specific environmental exposure or an underlying connective tissue disease. (ersjournals.com)
A family of structurally related collagens that form the characteristic collagen fibril bundles seen in CONNECTIVE TISSUE. (lookformedical.com)
Nobel Prize winner Alexis Carrel performed numerous experiments clearly showing that tissue explants, including connective tissue and heart tissue, could be cultured in vitro preserving their characteristics for prolonged periods of time [ 2 ] supporting the notion that entire organs could be cultured in vitro. (intechopen.com)

In most organs, the main components of the ECM are collagens and numerous other proteins that make up the basement membrane. (chemdiv.com)
SVEVs isolated from lyophilized venoms collected from four different species of snakes ( Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix , Crotalus atrox , Crotalus viridis and Crotalus cerberus oreganus ) were analyzed by mass spectrometry-based proteomic, which allowed the identification of proteins belonging to eight main functional protein classes such as SVMPs, serine proteinases, PLA 2 , LAAO, 5′nucleotidase, C-type lectin, CRISP and Disintegrin. (nature.com)
After analysis of deduced amino acid sequences from cloned cDNAs of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) and aminopeptidase A (APA), it was noticed that DPP IV and APA are type II membrane proteins that have one transmembrane domain near the N-terminus. (nature.com)
MECs were found to express numerous proteinase inhibitors, anti-angiogenic factors, and tumour suppressors proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
ECM consists of proteins and polysaccharides distributed in many different tissues of the body. (biomedcentral.com)
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the S100 family of proteins containing 2 EF-hand calcium-binding motifs. (cancerindex.org)

We suggest that an ancestral NC1 may have been incorporated into type IV collagen as an evolutionarily mobile domain carrying proteinase inhibitor function. (ox.ac.uk)

In human PTE, hypoxia (1%02, 24hrs) increased total collagen production, decreased MMP-2 actvity and increased Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) protein. (ucl.ac.uk)
In this work, we evaluated the inhibitory profile of TIMP-1, TIMP-2, and the N-terminal domain of TIMP-3 (N-TIMP-3) on the proteolytic activity of atrolysin C and analyzed the structural requirements and molecular basis of inhibitor-enzyme interaction using molecular modeling. (ox.ac.uk)
While TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 had no inhibitory activity upon atrolysin C, the N-terminal domain of TIMP-3 (N-TIMP-3) was a potent inhibitor with a K(i) value of approximately 150nM. (ox.ac.uk)
A search algorithm, based entirely on amino acid properties, yielded a possible similarity of NC1 to tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP) and prompted an investigation of a possible functional relationship. (ox.ac.uk)

The gelatinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 are enzymes that will hydrolyse type IV collagen, the major component of basement membranes. (bmj.com)
MMP-2 and MMP-9 (also known as gelatinases based on their substrate preference) contain fibronectin-like domain repeats which aid in substrate binding. (periobasics.com)

Tumor metastasis is characterized by cell detachment from primary tumors and invasion of recipient tissues ( 2 ). (aacrjournals.org)
Tumor cells overexpress proteases or induce the expression of these enzymes in neighboring stromal cells in order to degrade the basement membrane and invade the surrounding tissue. (chemdiv.com)
The tumor size and the number of proliferating cells were reduced in the tumor tissues obtained from the formononetin-treated group. (spandidos-publications.com)
The dissemination of tumor cells from their primary site of growth to distant organs is the major cause of morbidity and death among cancer patients [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

20% of affected patients are free of functional degradation at 2 yrs after diagnosis 11 . (ersjournals.com)

The expression of biomarkers can be detected intracellularly or on the cell membrane of melanoma cells or noncancer cells in association with the melanoma. (hindawi.com)

A severe inflammatory event is thought to damage the basal epithelial cells, resulting in dysfunction of the hemidesmosomes and subsequent reduction in adherence between the epithelial cells and the basement membrane. (wikipedia.org)
The basement membrane is also important for epithelial migration, and abnormalities in basement membrane structure, whether due to trauma (eg, recurrent erosion syndrome) or dystrophy (eg, basement membrane dystrophy), can lead to persistence of corneal epithelial defects and stromal ulceration. (medscape.com)
Lung tissue in COPD patients is characterized by variable and various localized changes with chronic inflammation and tissue remodeling including inflammatory cell infiltration, granulation tissue, thickened basement membrane, bronchial gland and smooth muscle hypeplasia and hypertrophy, also thickened vascular fibrosis, moreover, fibrosis and epithelial metaplasia. (rsu.lv)
The ductal system is coated by a chain of luminal epithelial cells (LECs) situated on a layer of myoepithelial cells (MECs) and encompassed by a distinguished basement membrane. (biomedcentral.com)
Two major cell types cooperate to build up the ductal units: inner polarized luminal epithelial cells (LECs) embraced by a layer of myoepithelial cells (MECs), both cell types are rimmed by a cohesive basement membrane (BM) [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Structural alterations in the nasal epithelium include goblet cell hyperplasia, squamous metaplasia, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), epithelial barrier disruption, epithelial exfoliation, and basement membrane thickening. (molcells.org)

MMP-2 and MMP-9 are the primary enzymes thought to be linked to laminitis. (wikipedia.org)
9 This enzyme, together with the collagenase produced by neutrophils and classified as MMP-8, are the only mammalian enzymes known to be capable of initiating hydrolysis of fibrillar type I collagen, 2 10 the major component of the corneal stroma. (bmj.com)
Toxins with hemorrhagic and myonecrotic activity are generally found in the venoms of the Viperidae family due to synergic action of proteolytic enzymes, such as metalloproteinases and serine proteinases 4 . (nature.com)
Inherited deficiency of α 1 -antitrypsin (α 1 -AT), the primary inhibitor of neutrophil elastase, predisposes individuals to early onset emphysema, and intrapulmonary instillation of elastolytic enzymes in experimental animals causes emphysema. (atsjournals.org)
Most likely, complex interaction between resident and immune/inflammatory cells results in release of proteolytic enzymes capable of destroying lung tissue and leading to emphysema. (atsjournals.org)
Results from digestion of these substrates by fibroblast and neutrophil collagenases (MMP-1 and MMP-8), as well as by gelatinase A (MMP-2), confirmed that the two classes of enzymes operate within the context of strong conformational dependency of the substrates. (uni-bielefeld.de)

Two other members of the MT-MMP subfamily, MMP-17 (MT4-MMP) and MMP-25 (MT6-MMP) are anchored to the plasma membrane via a glycosyl-phosphatidyl inositol (GPI) anchor. (periobasics.com)

While human fibril forming collagens all have a excellent (Gly-Xaa-Yaa)n amino acid sequence pattern inside their triple-helix region, nonfibrillar collagens (such as basement membrane form IV collagen) incorporate websites in which this repeat is broken. (dot1linhibitor.com)

Type IV collagen alpha1-alpha6 chains have important roles in the assembly of basement membranes and are implicated in the pathogenesis of Goodpasture syndrome, an autoimmune disorder, and Alport syndrome, a hereditary renal disease. (ox.ac.uk)

Numerous cytokines and growth factors that are up-regulated in corneal cells further contribute to tissue inflammation. (medscape.com)
Inflammatory diseases are often characterised by excessive neutrophil infiltration from the blood stream to the site of inflammation, which damages healthy tissue and prevents resolution of inflammation. (nature.com)
However, excessive or unresolved inflammation can damage healthy tissue and result in chronic inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, cardiomyopathies, cardiovascular disease, and asthma. (nature.com)
These events must be tightly regulated to prevent excessive inflammation and tissue damage. (nature.com)
In general, COPD morphopathogenesis is characterized by oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, remodeling, as well as impaired antimicrobial and other locally realized tissue protective responses. (rsu.lv)
The aim of the study was to determine and evaluate the morphological characteristics of bronchial tissues affected by COPD and analyze the tissue distribution of markers relevant to chronic inflammation, changes in tissue remodeling and local protective mechanisms. (rsu.lv)
It is well accepted that AS develops through three processes of lipid accumulation, inflammation, and calcification [2-5]. (oatext.com)
Dysregulated autophagy in pancreatic β cells due to hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and inflammation is associated with diabetes and accompanied by dysregulated autophagy in insulin target tissues and the progression of diabetic complications. (frontiersin.org)
This persistent inflammation can consequently induce aberrant tissue remodeling. (molcells.org)

They analyzed the role of MMP-2, MMP-8 and MMP-13 in radicular cysts, dentigerous cysts and keratocystic odontogenic tumors, and of MMP-1, MMP-7 and MMP-27 in keratocystic odontogenic tumors. (bvsalud.org)

They are a major component of the basal lamina (one of the layers of the basement membrane), a protein network foundation for most cells and organs. (pearltrees.com)
A shift in the nature of complications from early to late graft dysfunction has been similarly observed after transplantation of other solid organs 2 . (ersjournals.com)

Here, applying an advanced protocol for the isolation of parenchymal microvessels from post-mortem brain tissue combined with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), we determined the proteomes of CAA type 1 cases (n = 12) including a patient with hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis-Dutch type (HCHWA-D), and of AD cases without microvascular amyloid pathology (n = 13) in comparison to neurologically healthy controls (n = 12). (biomedcentral.com)

They are the most severe form of pathological tissue remodeling in CRS and require surgical intervention. (molcells.org)
Tissue remodeling in CRS is the reorganization or renovation of nasal mucosa, which can be either physiological or pathological. (molcells.org)
Whole-genome studies have provided a useful insight into how gene patterns may influence the development and/or progression of certain pathological pathways, including fibrosis [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Another important mechanism for the progression of colorectal cancer is the ability of the transformed cells to invade and traverse the basement membrane, which in turn facilitates the conversion of adenomas into carcinomas and then metastases ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

The staining of the membrane, cytoplasmic and stroma was assessed according to intensity. (cancerindex.org)

The secondary laminae contain basal cells which attach via hemidesmosomes to the basement membrane. (wikipedia.org)
Biochemical assays indicated that SVEVs are functionally active, showing high metalloproteinase and fibrinogenolytic activity besides being cytotoxic against HUVEC cells. (nature.com)
Human umbilical vein endothelial cells formed confluent vessels against collagen I and geltrex mix, a mix of basement membrane extract and collagen I. TNF-α-stimulation of vessels upregulated inflammatory cytokine expression and promoted neutrophil transmigration. (nature.com)
In the lung tissues of the control group, we found a mild to moderate increase in the number of immunoreactive cells of all studied factors at different localizations, indicating low, persistent, continuous and adaptive "baseline" level for various factors. (rsu.lv)
Structure of intermediate filament Intermediate filaments (IFs) are cytoskeletal components found in the cells of vertebrate animal species,[1][2] and perhaps also in other animals, fungi, plants, and unicellular organisms. (pearltrees.com)
During the second option process, the cells detach from your trophoblast basement membrane of the villi and aggregate to form columns of unpolarized cells, which attach to the uterine wall. (bibf1120.com)
In placental cells or cells, global assessments of RNA manifestation have been used to investigate the molecular changes that purchase Avibactam happen during pregnancy and the factors that may influence expression, such as gestational age (19), tissue specification (20), varieties (21), and normal vs disease claims (22). (bibf1120.com)
Finally mAb 4C5 significantly inhibits the metastatic deposit formation of MDAMB453 cells, by preventing their extravasation and infiltration in the lung tissue and therefore it could be used as a potential therapeutic agent for cancer metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)
These processes transform valvular interstitial cells into osteoblastic ones, which results in calcification of valve tissue [6-7]. (oatext.com)
Tissues and Cells. (lu.se)
Several anti-diabetic strategies including adiponectin, ezetimibe, liraglutide, taurine, adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and even exercise as well as natural products such GABA tea, geniposide, guava extract, vitamin D have been shown to target autophagy. (frontiersin.org)

Together, these findings led to the elastase:antielastase hypothesis of the pathogenesis of emphysema, which was proposed more than 30 years ago and remains the prevailing concept today ( 2 ). (atsjournals.org)

Metformin Enhances the Effect of Regorafenib and Inhibits Recurrence and Metastasis of Hepatic Carcinoma After Liver Resection via Regulating Expression of Hypoxia Inducible Factors 2α (HIF-2α) and 30 kDa HIV Tat-Interacting Protein (TIP30). (cancerindex.org)
Expression of Annexin A2 and S100A10 was evaluated in EOC tissue samples (n=303) by immunohistochemistry. (cancerindex.org)

This may be effected by autoimmune diseases that involve ocular tissue or by ocular diseases that induce an inflammatory response. (bmj.com)
Scientific evidence from a variety of sources is emerging that supports a primary role for the macrophage in regulating the inflammatory response and tissue destruction associated with COPD. (atsjournals.org)

2] Another group of MMPIs is the chemically modified tetracyclines (CMTs). (chemdiv.com)
Currently, many MMP inhibitors (MMPIs) are under development for treating different malignancies. (biomedcentral.com)

Lung biopsies from these patients showed intraluminal polyps comprised of fibromyxoid granulation tissue and plaques of dense submucosal eosinophilic scar. (ersjournals.com)

Their proteolysis is tightly regulated to prevent tissue damage. (periobasics.com)

The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
Collagen type IV molecules assemble to form a sheet-like network which is involved in maintaining the structural integrity of basement membranes. (lookformedical.com)

Moreover we examine the role of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against HSP90, mAb 4C5, regarding these interactions and its value as a potential inhibitor of human breast cancer cell invasion and metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)

Recently, increasing evidence shows that TME participates aberrant tissue function and promote the subsequent evolution of more stubborn and advanced malignancies. (ommegaonline.org)

A fibrillar collagen consisting of three identical alpha1(III) chains that is widely distributed in many tissues containing COLLAGEN TYPE I. It is particularly abundant in BLOOD VESSELS and may play a role in tissues with elastic characteristics. (lookformedical.com)

Relating in vitro to in vivo exposures with physiologically based tissue dosimetry and tissue response models. (cdc.gov)

Another pathway, TGF-β signaling pathway, appears to play a part in the progression of diabetes, insulin resistance, and autoimmunity in both type 1 and 2 diabetes and complications in diabetes. (frontiersin.org)

ECM environment provides appropriate conditions for cell growth, cell differentiation and survival of tissues. (biomedcentral.com)

Conclusions ECM and tissue remodeling quantified in pre-treatment serum were associated with response and survival outcomes in metastatic melanoma patients treated with IPI. (bmj.com)

In this review, we summarize the roles of PCs in CRS-associated tissue remodeling and discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting PCs for CRS treatment. (molcells.org)

The examination of surgical lung specimens and an integrated clinico-radiological evaluation allow the start of a complex differential diagnosis and prediction of survival, through the identification of different interstitial patterns [ 2 ]. (ersjournals.com)

Anatomy50

Organisms12

Diseases17

Chemicals and Drugs103

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment28

Phenomena and Processes43

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science3

MMPs31

Extracellular16

TIMPs4

Matrix20

Connective7

Proteins6

Proteinase1

TIMP4

Gelatinases2

Tumor4

Degradation1

Biomarkers1

Epithelial6

Enzymes6

Plasma membrane1

Collagens1

Type IV colla1

Inflammation9

Tumors1

Organs2

Hemorrhage1

Pathological3

Invade1

Stroma1

Cells11

Pathogenesis1

Expression2

Inflammatory response2

MMPIs2

Granulation tissue1

Prevent tissue damage1

Molecules2

Invasion1

Aberrant tissue1

Blood vessels1

Physiologically1

Progression1

Cell differentiation1

Metastatic1

Therapeutic1

Interstitial1