• The disposition of repetitive elements throughout the genome can consist either in directly adjacent arrays called tandem repeats or in repeats dispersed throughout the genome called interspersed repeats. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tandem repeats and interspersed repeats are further categorized into subclasses based on the length of the repeated sequence and/or the mode of multiplication. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tandem repeats are repeated sequences which are directly adjacent to each other in the genome. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tandem repeats may vary in the number of nucleotides comprising the repeated sequence, as well as the number of times the sequence repeats. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tandem repeats have a wide variety of biological functions in the genome. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition to playing an important role in recombination, tandem repeats also play important structural roles in the genome. (wikipedia.org)
  • Short tandem repeats (STRs) compose approximately 3% of the genome, and mutations at STR loci have been linked to dozens of human diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Friedreich ataxia, Huntington disease, and fragile X syndrome. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Short tandem repeats (STRs), or microsatellites, are 1-6 base pair (bp) motifs of repeating units of DNA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A putative function has been assigned, using the gene ontology approach, to the set of genes harboring at least one SSR. (researchgate.net)
  • in contrast to simple family structures reported for a variety of angiosperm nsltp genes, the putative pine nsltp gene is a member of a complex family. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • Some of these tools are designed to detect STR expansions at disease-related loci, while others detect expansions and contractions of STRs genome-wide but are constrained by sequencing read length and the STR motif size. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The final consensus maps are based on 1578 microsatellite loci and these maps have a cumulative length of approximately 1400 cM after adjustment for recombination frequencies of RI strains. (nervenet.org)
  • Repeated sequences (also known as repetitive elements, repeating units or repeats) are short or long patterns of nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) that occur in multiple copies throughout the genome. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some of these repeated sequences are necessary for maintaining important genome structures such as telomeres or centromeres. (wikipedia.org)
  • While some repeated DNA sequences are important for cellular functioning and genome maintenance, other repetitive sequences can be harmful. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, an abundance of neutral repeats can still influence genome evolution as they accumulate over time. (wikipedia.org)
  • Overall, repeated sequences are an important area of focus because they can provide insight into human diseases and genome evolution. (wikipedia.org)
  • A total of 4,761 perfect and 6,583 imperfect SSRs were present in 3,781 genes (14.11% of the total), corresponding to an overall density across the gene space of 32,5 and 44,9 SSRs/Mbp for perfect and imperfect motifs, respectively. (researchgate.net)
  • Perfect repeats mutate about 2 × more often than imperfect repeats. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We hypothesize that there might be at least three types of autism susceptibility genes/mutations that can be (i) specific to an individual patient or family, (ii) in a genetically isolated sub-population and (iii) a common factor shared amongst different populations. (neurotransmitter.net)
  • The genes/mutations could act alone or interact with other genetic and/or epigenetic or environmental factors, causing autism or related disorders. (neurotransmitter.net)
  • The first stage involved identifying, in unrelated subjects showing linkage to 2q24-q33, genetic variants in exons and flanking sequence within candidate genes and comparing the frequency of the variants between autistic and unrelated nonautistic subjects. (neurotransmitter.net)
  • In the 1990s, more research was conducted to elucidate the evolutionary dynamics of minisatellite and microsatellite repeats because of their importance in DNA-based forensics and molecular ecology. (wikipedia.org)
  • When the repeating sequence is only 2-10 nucleotides long, the repeat is referred to as a short tandem repeat (STR) or microsatellite. (wikipedia.org)
  • When the repeating sequence is 10-60 nucleotides long, the repeat is referred to as a minisatellite. (wikipedia.org)
  • For minisatellites and microsatellites, the number of times the sequence repeats at a single locus can range from twice to hundreds of times. (wikipedia.org)
  • The presence of repeated sequence DNA makes it easier for areas of homology to align, thereby controlling when and where recombination occurs. (wikipedia.org)
  • scolymus) has been used to catalog the genome's content of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. (researchgate.net)
  • Pseudomolecules as well as unmapped scaffolds were used for the bulk mining of SSR markers and for the construction of the first globe artichoke microsatellite marker database. (researchgate.net)
  • In this study we have increased the density of microsatellite markers 2- to 5-fold in each of several major RI sets that share C57BL/6 as a parental strain (AXB, BXA, BXD, BXH, and CXB). (nervenet.org)
  • These populations originated from a common ancestor, and a rapid demographic expansion began approximately 90,000 years ago. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The natural populations from China with specific genetic characteristics enriched the gene pools of global A. thaliana collections. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In contrast, interactions between genes and the environment cannot usually be studied using conventional mapping populations in which each animal is unique. (nervenet.org)
  • genetic analysis of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase in loblolly pine: single gene inheritance, molecular characterization and evolution. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • These repeats fold into highly organized G quadruplex structures which protect the ends of chromosomal DNA from degradation. (wikipedia.org)
  • McClintock's work set the stage for the discovery of repeated sequences because transposition, centromere structure, and telomere structure are all possible through repetitive elements, yet this was not fully understood at the time. (wikipedia.org)
  • the gene encoding the monolignol biosynthetic enzyme cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (cad, e.c. 1.1.1.195) can be expressed in response to different developmental and environmental cues. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • Repeated sequences are categorized into different classes depending on features such as structure, length, location, origin, and mode of multiplication. (wikipedia.org)
  • The SSRs were categorized for the numbers of repeats present, their overall length and were allocated to their linkage group. (researchgate.net)
  • Its length is believed to be a few hundred base pairs. (lookformedical.com)
  • Negative association findings and research involving the serotonin transporter gene, FMR1, RELN, WNT2, HOXA1, and HOXB1 genes may be found elsewhere on this site . (neurotransmitter.net)
  • In the present study, genes across the 2q24-q33 interval were analyzed to identify an autism susceptibility gene in this region. (neurotransmitter.net)
  • control of cad gene expression could involve either differential regulation of more than one cad gene or, alternatively combinatorial regulation of a single cad gene. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • xylem-specific gene expression in loblolly pine. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that showed evidence for divergent distribution between autistic and nonautistic subjects were identified, both within SLC25A12, a gene encoding the mitochondrial aspartate/glutamate carrier (AGC1). (neurotransmitter.net)
  • lipid transfer protein genes of loblolly pine are members of a complex gene family. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • Many repeat sequences are likely to be non-functional, decaying remnants of Transposable elements, these have been labelled "junk" or "selfish" DNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • Repeated sequences (also known as repetitive elements, repeating units or repeats) are short or long patterns of nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) that occur in multiple copies throughout the genome. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some of these repeated sequences are necessary for maintaining important genome structures such as telomeres or centromeres. (wikipedia.org)
  • Repeated sequences are categorized into different classes depending on features such as structure, length, location, origin, and mode of multiplication. (wikipedia.org)
  • While some repeated DNA sequences are important for cellular functioning and genome maintenance, other repetitive sequences can be harmful. (wikipedia.org)
  • Overall, repeated sequences are an important area of focus because they can provide insight into human diseases and genome evolution. (wikipedia.org)
  • McClintock's work set the stage for the discovery of repeated sequences because transposition, centromere structure, and telomere structure are all possible through repetitive elements, yet this was not fully understood at the time. (wikipedia.org)
  • Many repeat sequences are likely to be non-functional, decaying remnants of Transposable elements, these have been labelled "junk" or "selfish" DNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tandem repeats are repeated sequences which are directly adjacent to each other in the genome. (wikipedia.org)
  • Among 23,691 non-redundant identified ESTs, 1949 SSR motifs harboring 2 to 6 nucleotides with varied repeat motifs were discovered from 1676 assembled sequences. (geneticsmr.com)
  • Seventy-nine primer pairs were generated from EST sequences harboring SSR motifs. (geneticsmr.com)
  • Tandem repeats may vary in the number of nucleotides comprising the repeated sequence, as well as the number of times the sequence repeats. (wikipedia.org)
  • When the repeating sequence is only 2-10 nucleotides long, the repeat is referred to as a short tandem repeat (STR) or microsatellite. (wikipedia.org)
  • When the repeating sequence is 10-60 nucleotides long, the repeat is referred to as a minisatellite. (wikipedia.org)
  • Comparative genomic analysis among the plastomes revealed that the pair of the inverted repeat is more conserved than the single copy region. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Newly incorporated services include gene, variant and sample level reporting, literature and functional correlations among impacted genes, comparative analysis across samples and against data sources such as TCGA and ClinVar, and cohort building. (bvsalud.org)
  • We describe patterns of infiltrating immune cells, T cell receptor (TCR) clonal expansion, and translationally relevant immune checkpoints. (bvsalud.org)
  • The qPCR analysis evidenced that the early genes serendipity alpha and transformer-2 displayed similar expression levels in the analyzed stages, while heat shock protein 27 is over-expressed in embryos and females in comparison to males. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The expression of genes associated with courtship ( takeout -like , odorant-binding protein 50a1 ) differed between males and females, independently of their reproductive status (virgin vs mated individuals). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Variants, symptoms, biochemical assay results, and protein function from literature on the SLC6A8 gene associated with X-linked Creatine Transporter Deficiency (CTD) were curated and reported as a highly annotated dataset of variants with clinical context and functional details. (bvsalud.org)
  • The plastome was compared with that of seven Acanthoideae species in order to describe the plastome, spot the microsatellite, assess the dissimilarities within the sampled plastomes and to infer their phylogenetic relationships. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using this information and genes searches based on published studies from other tephritid species, we evaluated a set of transcripts involved in development, courtship and metabolic pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Only alignments having a base identity level within 0.5% of the best and at least 96% base identity with the genomic sequence were kept. (ucsc.edu)
  • The analysis of long repeat showed all types of repeats were present in the plastome and palindromic has the highest frequency. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 1 transcriptome and to obtain an initial evaluation of genes associated with main metabolic pathways by the expression analysis of specific transcripts identified in embryos and adults. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our results significantly expand the available gene space of A. fraterculus sp. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our results show that 43 primers are polymorphic for the six studied populations, while the remaining 36 were either monomorphic or failed to amplify. (geneticsmr.com)
  • These repeats fold into highly organized G quadruplex structures which protect the ends of chromosomal DNA from degradation. (wikipedia.org)
  • The (CTG · CAG) n repeat expansion is highly unstable and almost always changes in size on transmission: the repeat expansion is more likely to become larger when maternally transmitted and more likely to contract with paternal transmission. (nih.gov)
  • The unmasked version of the track displays potential CpG islands that exist in repeat regions and would otherwise not be visible in the repeat masked version. (ucsc.edu)
  • For minisatellites and microsatellites, the number of times the sequence repeats at a single locus can range from twice to hundreds of times. (wikipedia.org)
  • Methods CpG islands were predicted by searching the sequence one base at a time, scoring each dinucleotide (+17 for CG and -1 for others) and identifying maximally scoring segments. (ucsc.edu)
  • The surprising finding of the same mutation in two completely different haplotypes in a sparsely populated area in Finland may suggest gene conversion. (nih.gov)