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ReflexPressoreceptorsCarotid SinusH-ReflexBaroreflexReflex, StretchHeart RateReflex, MonosynapticBlood PressureSolitary NucleusSympathetic Nervous SystemReflex, AbnormalPhenylephrineVagus NerveDenervationMedulla OblongataElectric StimulationElectromyographyCatsAfferent PathwaysHypothalamus, PosteriorPrimary DysautonomiasChemoreceptor CellsCardiovascular SystemVascular ResistanceDogsCardiovascular Physiological PhenomenaReflex, AcousticPeroneal NerveRats, Inbred SHRAtropine DerivativesReflex, Vestibulo-OcularVagotomyMotor NeuronsDecerebrate StateReflex, PupillaryVasomotor SystemTibial NerveNeurons, AfferentBradycardiaHypertensionRats, Inbred WKYLower Body Negative PressureMicroinjectionsSplanchnic NervesInjections, IntraventricularFootRespirationNitroprussideNeural InhibitionAutonomic Nervous SystemMuscle ContractionFemoral NerveHeartParasympathetic Nervous SystemConsciousnessRats, Sprague-DawleyBlood VolumeBlood CirculationMuscle, SkeletalSodium ChlorideArteriesNorepinephrineHemodynamicsCarotid ArteriesRespiratory Physiological PhenomenaVolitionAortaMusclesCardiac OutputAtropineEndorphinsCentral Venous PressureNeurons, EfferentRadial NerveSympathomimeticsPhysical StimulationKidneyAnesthesiaSpinal CordNodose GanglionTime FactorsLegAngiotensin IIWristNaloxoneMuscle SpindlesReflex, RightingPropranololNitroglycerinRats, Inbred StrainsMuscle SpasticityAnkleRegional Blood FlowMedian NerveReflex, OculocardiacEnkephalinsMovementRabbitsReflex, Babinski
Arterial blood prBaroreflexBradycardiaChemoreceptorsReceptorsAutonomic reflexesMediateRegulate blood pressureCarotid bodyMedullaSyncopePulmonaryVasodilationAfferentResponsesCardiovascular systemNerveSensitivityMechanismsVagalHypotensionPropofolMechanismNucleusSpontaneousArcsPathwaysFunctionBloodStimuliStretchSerotoninActivationResult
Arterial blood pr3
Baroreflex9
  • A series of clinical trials assessing novel technologies are currently ongoing for device-based hypertension treatment, including endovascular catheter-based renal denervation (RDN), baroreceptor activation therapy, endovascular baroreflex amplification, and cardiac pacemaker-mediated hypertension treatment. (medscape.com)
  • The sites of the chemoreflex and baroreflex input overlap and there is evidence that these reflexes modify each other, probably through the actions of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, such as serotonin and Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA). (wikipedia.org)
  • The resultant lowering of blood pressure is sensed by carotid sinus baroreceptors, and stimulates the baroreflex to inhibit vagal activity and stimulate the sympathetic nervous system - this increases heart rate and contractility, induces vasoconstriction, and tends to restore blood pressure. (wikipedia.org)
  • Baroreceptor Function, or baroreflex is a term that describes fluctuations in heart rate and blood pressure to maintain blood pressure as constant as possible. (cancer.org)
  • Baroreceptor Failure is a condition that means the process is out of control while Baroreceptor Dysfunction more accurately describes what many people that have had radiation treatment and/or surgery to the neck as treatment for head and neck cancer can develop because baroreflex is sporadic and in control some of the time. (cancer.org)
  • In most diascussions of cardiac reflexes, the baroreflex is usually discussed first, not only because it is more "important" (some might say everything is important) but also because it is probably the best known reflex, and it has been known for the longest time. (derangedphysiology.com)
  • Because the baroreceptors are tonically active, the baroreflex can compensate rapidly for both increases and decreases in blood pressure. (bvsalud.org)
  • We therefore aimed to examine whether temporal changes in baroreflex control of heart rate (HR) and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) occur in female Lewis polycystic kidney (LPK) rats and whether this is associated with any changes in afferent, central or efferent processing of the reflex pathway. (edu.au)
  • Conclusion: In female LPK rats, baroreflex dysfunction results from impaired central processing of the reflex. (edu.au)
Bradycardia7
  • The Bezold-Jarisch reflex (also called the Bezold reflex, the Jarisch-Bezold reflex or Von Bezold-Jarisch reflex) involves a variety of cardiovascular and neurological processes which cause hypopnea (excessively shallow breathing or an abnormally low respiratory rate), hypotension (abnormally low blood pressure) and bradycardia (abnormally low resting heart rate) in response to noxious stimuli detected in the cardiac ventricles. (wikipedia.org)
  • however the bradycardia and hypopnea arise from anatomically distinct receptors in the heart and lung respectively and whether hypopnea should be regarded as part of the reflex is disputed. (wikipedia.org)
  • It may also contribute to various pathophysiological responses, such as: Severe hemorrhage and hypovolemia: During severe hemorrhage or profound hypovolemia the ventricle can become relatively empty and trigger cardiac vagal afferent fibers to elicit the Bezold-Jarisch reflex resulting in paradoxical bradycardia, vasodilation, and hypotension. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Bezold-Jarisch reflex is thought to be responsible for the sinus bradycardia that commonly occurs within the first hour following a myocardial infarction, and may explain the frequent occurrence of atrio-ventricular (AV) node block in acute posterior or inferior myocardial infarction. (wikipedia.org)
  • Spinal anesthesia: The Bezold-Jarisch reflex has been suggested as a possible cause of profound bradycardia and circulatory collapse after spinal anesthesia and interscalene brachial plexus block. (wikipedia.org)
  • 4. The 'baroreceptor' component of the bradycardia reflects that portion of the decrease in heart rate resulting directly from the increase in blood pressure. (edu.au)
  • Hemodynamic depression after CEA and stent placement consists of hypotension related to baroreceptor stimulation and bradycardia or asystole. (ajnr.org)
Chemoreceptors5
  • The afferent fibers of the autonomic nervous system of the heart share the same pathway with gastrointestinal, genitourinary, baroreceptors, and chemoreceptors and transmit signals to the medulla by cranial nerves X and IX. (medscape.com)
  • The nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) of the medulla receives sensory input from baroreceptors and chemoreceptors (see the image above). (medscape.com)
  • The body responds to environmental stressors by triggering autonomic reflexes in the pulmonary receptors, baroreceptors, and chemoreceptors to maintain homeostasis. (nih.gov)
  • This short review summarizes the function of major pulmonary sensory receptors, baroreceptors, and carotid body chemoreceptors and discusses the impacts of air pollution exposure on these systems. (nih.gov)
  • They unravelled the contributions of chemoreceptors, baroreceptors, respiratory reflexes, hormones and local mediators to responses evoked by acute hypoxia in cerebral and muscle vasculature, renal function, and then, to chronic hypoxia in utero and post-natally. (birmingham.ac.uk)
Receptors2
  • The pathway for this cardioprotective reflex begins with receptors in the ventricles of the heart, which detect mechanical and chemical stimuli. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mild chronic hypoxemia modifies expression of brain stem angiotensin peptide receptors and reflex responses in fetal sheep. (wakehealth.edu)
Autonomic reflexes1
  • In response, baroreceptors in the aortic arch and carotid sinus activate autonomic reflexes to rapidly return BP to normal. (msdmanuals.com)
Mediate3
  • Increased peripheral vascular resistance may mediate these changes, whereas increased baroreceptor reflex sensitivity may compensate for particle-induced alterations in blood pressure. (nih.gov)
  • The glossopharyngeal nerve is a remnant of the third pharyngeal arch and the third aortic arch and contains afferent fibers that mediate the vasovagal reflex, thus differences in the distribution of glossopharyngeal nerve endings could lead to different hemodynamic patterns after carotid stent placement. (ajnr.org)
  • The FN sends projections to components of the medulla, which mediate the baroreceptor reflex (cardio-vascular function). (matboule.com)
Regulate blood pressure1
Carotid body1
  • Specifically, the carotid sinus nerve, which innervates the carotid baroreceptors and carotid body, is commonly left intact during conventional CEA but is routinely transected as part of eversion CEA. (bvsalud.org)
Medulla2
  • Oxycodone depresses the cough reflex by direct effect on the cough center in the medulla. (nih.gov)
  • Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy detection of neurotransmitters in dorsomedial medulla correlate with spontaneous baroreceptor reflex function. (wakehealth.edu)
Syncope6
  • Hypotension during coronary reperfusion Hypotension following injection of contrast media during coronary angiography Exertional syncope in aortic stenosis: in severe aortic stenosis exercise may cause a rise in left ventricular pressure which stimulates the Bezold-Jarisch reflex and results in reflex vasodilation and syncope. (wikipedia.org)
  • Vaso-vagal syncope: the role of the Bezold-Jarisch reflex in vaso-vagal syncope is unclear. (wikipedia.org)
  • It has also been known as vasovagal syncope, neurocardiogenic syncope, common or emotional fainting, or reflex syncope. (vumc.org)
  • Neurally mediated syncope may represent an intermediate functional state between those conditions, and anomalies in one or several parts of the reflex arc may result in the sudden development of this syndrome. (vumc.org)
  • Syncope has three main causes: cardiac, reflex-mediated, and orthostatic. (reliasmedia.com)
  • According to the Consensus statement of the European Federation of Autonomic Societies endorsed by the American Autonomic Society and the European Academy of Neurology (2021) [7], AST with continuous beatto-beat BP monitoring, like tilt testing, should be performed for suspected reflex syncope (all forms), OH (all forms), and psychogenic pseudosyncope. (scardio.ru)
Pulmonary1
  • Pulmonary exposure to MWCNTs also upregulates mRNA for inflammatory mediators in selected brain regions, and pulmonary exposure to SWCNTs upregulates the baroreceptor reflex. (cdc.gov)
Vasodilation2
  • This appears to be a cardioprotective reflex, as coronary vasodilation occurs. (wikipedia.org)
  • Afferent unmyelinated C-fibers travel through the vagus to enhance the baroreceptor reflex mechanisms, inhibit sympathetic output, and inhibit vasomotor tone, leading to peripheral vasodilation. (wikipedia.org)
Afferent1
Responses3
  • Blood pressure, heart rate, rate-pressure product, and baroreceptor reflex sensitivity responses were compared using linear mixed-effects models. (nih.gov)
  • Role of autonomic reflex arcs in cardiovascular responses to air pollution exposure. (nih.gov)
  • While each of these reflex pathways causes distinct responses, the systems are heavily integrated and communicate through overlapping regions of the brainstem to cause global effects. (nih.gov)
Cardiovascular system3
Nerve4
  • they identified the reaction as a chemoreflex acting via the vagus nerve that was relayed in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS), and termed it the Bezold reflex. (wikipedia.org)
  • According to Spyer (1981) , much of what we know about it seems to have come from animal experiments, and the favoured method of tracking the neural pathways has generally been to sever the nerve proximally, demonstrate the abolition of the reflex, and then to track the degeneration of the axons to see where the fibres lead. (derangedphysiology.com)
  • Reflex changes to aortic depressor and vagal efferent nerve stimulation were also determined. (edu.au)
  • The pudendal nerve, derived from S2, S3 and S4, leaves the pelvis m edial to the sciatic nerve via the higher sciatic foram en. (dnahelix.com)
Sensitivity3
  • We measured baroreceptor reflex sensitivity before and after exposure in a subset of these experiments ( n = 10 dogs, 19 CAPs days, 20 FA days). (nih.gov)
  • These changes were accompanied by a 20 ± 6 msec/mmHg ( p = 0.005) increase in baroreceptor reflex sensitivity after CAPs versus FA. (nih.gov)
  • Injections of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 inhibitor MLN4760 into nucleus tractus solitarii reduce baroreceptor reflex sensitivity for heart rate control in rats. (wakehealth.edu)
Mechanisms2
  • Changes in posture, physical exercise, food digestion, and mental activity are among many activities that alter cardiovascular homeostasis and require the involvement of neurocardiovascular reflex mechanisms. (vumc.org)
  • The relevance of these adaptive mechanisms can be better appreciated in subjects in whom these cardiovascular reflexes are absent or severely impaired. (vumc.org)
Vagal1
  • These changes are detected by stretch or baroreceptors which relay information to the central nervous system that in turn decreases parasympathetic tone (i.e., cardiac vagal tone, tachycardia) and increases sympathetic outflow (increase in norepinephrine secretion and in peripheral resistances). (vumc.org)
Hypotension1
  • The reflexes that control the circulation have evolved so that blood pressure and plasma volume are maintained within a narrow range even in the presence of sudden physiologic stresses, such as exercise, hypotension, or hemorrhage. (veteriankey.com)
Propofol2
  • 18. [Effects of propofol and fentanyl on the baroreceptor reflex in geriatric patients]. (nih.gov)
  • Suppression of laryngeal reflexes and cough reflexes is probably not as profound as after an equianesthetic propofol administration, which makes barbiturates an inferior choice for airway instrumentation in the absence of neuromuscular blocking drugs. (brainkart.com)
Mechanism1
  • Determining the neuron and astrocyte mechanism of action of these reflex pathways during health and disease is the focus of the laboratory. (missouri.edu)
Nucleus1
Spontaneous1
  • BRS was measured using a sequence method: BRS was evaluated as the slope of spontaneous increases [systolic blood pressure (SBP)+/reflex response (RR)+] or decreases (SBP-/RR-) in SBP and pulse interval by recording blood pressure (BP) continuously for 20 min. (nih.gov)
Arcs1
  • Specifically, viewing interoception as the inversion of a generative model of viscerosensory inputs allows for a formal definition of dyshomeostasis (as chronically enhanced surprise about bodily signals, or, equivalently, low evidence for the brain's model of bodily states) and allostasis (as a change in prior beliefs or predictions which define setpoints for homeostatic reflex arcs). (frontiersin.org)
Pathways2
  • A couple of extra decades here or there are not particularly important, as the neural pathways for this reflex were first discovered in 1852 ( Estañol et al, 2011 ) and the behaviour of the reflex was fully described by the 1970s (looking at review articles like Kirchheim, 1976 ). (derangedphysiology.com)
  • Both reflex pathways result from activation of neurons in the peripheral and central nervous system. (missouri.edu)
Function1
  • The function of the baroreceptors is to ensure that sufficient blood reaches the organs and tissues of the body. (rxlist.com)
Blood11
Stimuli1
Stretch1
  • All the other less popular cardiovascular reflexes, as well as the cellular mechanics involved in the stretch-sensitive mechanoreceptors, are banished to the generic "cardiac reflexes" chapter . (derangedphysiology.com)
Serotonin1
  • Although the reflex was originally described in response to Veratrum alkaloids, it can be stimulated by many biologically active chemicals, including nicotine, capsaicin, bradykinin, atrial natriuretic peptide, prostanoids, nitrovasodilators, angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1) antagonists and serotonin agonists. (wikipedia.org)
Activation1
  • This can happen during high altitude assent or disease states by activation of the chemoreceptor reflex. (missouri.edu)
Result1
  • The disadvantages of epidural anaesthesia are that a few wom en com plain of dizziness or shivering, and that it m ay increase the length of the second stage and result in a rise in operative vaginal deliveries. (dnahelix.com)