Bacterium loci genes bacterial. Medical search. Frequent questions

We identified 26 Shigella flexneri serotype 2 strains isolated by public health laboratories in the United States during 2001-2013, which encode the Shiga toxin 1a gene ( stx 1a ). (cdc.gov)
Moreover, major phenotypic changes have been reported in several bacterial strains with a deregulated methyltransferase, but the corresponding methylome has rarely been described. (pacb.com)
Two newly identified genetic loci, dltABCD and phoPR, were selected for deletion analysis and both ΔdltABCD and ΔphoPR bacterial strains displayed biofilm formation defects in the PVC microtiter plate assay, confirming these loci contribute to biofilm formation by L. monocytogenes. (harvard.edu)
Our analysis explains how observed gradients of host specialism and generalism can evolve in a multihost system through the transfer of ecologically important loci among coexisting strains. (nih.gov)
However, many of the findings from the tightly controlled lab animal studies were replicated in human studies, especially the strong association of antibiotic resistance and mercury transformation in individual bacterial strains. (evidence-of-harm.com)
Subsequent work showed that among ca. 500 strains of Enterobacteriaceae recovered from these animals the Hg and antibiotic resistance genes are physically associated (i.e. genetically linked) on transferrable plasmids (Wireman et al. (evidence-of-harm.com)
Here we sought to characterize conjugal horizontal gene transfer of plasmid-encoded fluoroquinolone resistance genes from two strains of Enterobacteriaceae, one clinical and one from a municipal wastewater treatment plant environment. (karger.com)
Escherichia coli strain LR09, containing a plasmid with the aac(6 ′ )-Ib-cr fluoroquinolone resistance gene, did not conjugate with any of the 15 strains tested, while Enterobacter aerogenes strain YS11 conjugated with two strains of E. coli . (karger.com)
It was discovered that a locus in Solanum lycopersicoides, termed Pseudomonas tomato race 1 (Ptr1), confers resistance to race 1 Pst strains by recognizing the type III effector AvrRpt2. (cornell.edu)
In an age where the remarkable adaptive and replicative ability of bacteria has lead to the rise of strains resistant to conventional antibiotics, modern medicine is faced with the challenge of discovering and validating new targets for drug development. (bcm.edu)
however, individual strains vary in their virulence potential due to the presence of mobile accessory genes. (biomedcentral.com)
Concerningly, iuc has also been reported in MDR strains in the hospital setting, where it was associated with increased mortality, highlighting the need to understand, detect and track the mobility of these virulence loci in the K . pneumoniae population. (biomedcentral.com)
This study provides a framework for identifying and tracking these important virulence loci, which will be important for genomic surveillance efforts including monitoring for the emergence of hypervirulent MDR K . pneumoniae strains. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, we sequenced 99 ospC flanking sequences from different lineages and compared the complete cp26 sequences of 11 strains as well as the cp26 bbb02 loci of 56 samples. (cdc.gov)
Over time, OspC genes were transferred between strains through recombinations involving the whole or parts of the gene and one or both flanks. (cdc.gov)

CRISPR gene editing (pronounced /ˈkrɪspər/ "crisper") is a genetic engineering technique in molecular biology by which the genomes of living organisms may be modified. (wikipedia.org)
The availability of hundreds of bacterial genomes allowed a comparative genomic study of the Type VI Secretion System (T6SS), recently discovered as being involved in pathogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
In general, Gram‐positive bacterial genomes have a unique SRR glycoprotein‐encoding gene. (helmholtz-hzi.de)
3. How do bacterial genomes change during the course of chronic infections? (drexel.edu)
In several ongoing collaborations, we are investigating how the genomes of bacteria isolated from patients with chronic infections change over time. (drexel.edu)
Prophages are common in many bacterial genomes. (elsevierpure.com)
Here, we examined the genetic diversity, distribution and mobilisation of iuc and iro loci amongst 2503 K . pneumoniae genomes using comparative genomics approaches and developed tools for tracking them via genomic surveillance. (biomedcentral.com)
The population of P. aeruginosa in the Philippines was diverse, with clonal expansions of XDR genomes belonging to multi-locus sequence types ST235, ST244, ST309, and ST773. (who.int)

Cas9 derived from the bacterial species Streptococcus pyogenes has facilitated targeted genomic modification in eukaryotic cells by allowing for a reliable method of creating a targeted break at a specific location as designated by the crRNA and tracrRNA guide strands. (wikipedia.org)
however, the toxin genes have been found in other Shigella species. (cdc.gov)
Although 4 species of Shigella cause bacillary dysentery, historically only Shigella dysenteriae type 1 has been recognized as carrying the genes for Shiga toxin ( stx ). (cdc.gov)
Recently, acquisition of stx genes in clinical isolates of other Shigella species has been reported ( 11 , 12 ). (cdc.gov)
In bacteria, DNA methylomes (i.e., methylation state of each base of the whole genome) have been described for several species, but methylome profile variation during the lifecycle has rarely been studied, and only in a few model organisms. (pacb.com)
The genes encoding T6SS have been reported a few years ago as being present in different bacterial species, although it was not clear at that time whether those genes act together or are important in bacteria-host interactions [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Recent reports demonstrated the importance of T6SS in pathogenesis of several bacterial species. (biomedcentral.com)
While whole genome sequencing has led to the identification of biofilm synthesis gene clusters in many bacterial species, bioinformatics has not identified the biofilm synthesis genes within the L. monocytogenes genome. (harvard.edu)
It has been discovered that a large number of bacterial species produce many virulence factors and form biofilms, which are regulated by the cell to cell communication process called quorum sensing (QS) 7-9 . (ijpsr.com)
and 16 were "novel" essential genes with no homologs reported to have an essential role in other bacterial species. (biomedcentral.com)
The nucleotide sequences of maturaseK ( matK ) and ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase ( rbcL ) marker loci are commonly used in plant species identification. (biomedcentral.com)
In order to generate molecular signatures, we used matK and rbcL loci datasets, which encompass 125 plant species in 52 genera reported by the CBOL plant working group. (biomedcentral.com)
Initially, we performed Multiple Sequence Alignment (MSA) of all species followed by Position Specific Scoring Matrix (PSSM) for both loci to achieve a percentage of discrimination among species. (biomedcentral.com)
It mainly involves discrimination of species through standardized molecular marker gene and is gaining support from the taxonomists as well. (biomedcentral.com)
However, the two loci ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate Carboxylase ( rbcL ) and maturase K ( matK ) gene regions are widely used in plant barcoding studies for phylogenetic analyses or species identification [ 10 , 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Seven chloroplast loci have been tested for plant species identification by The Consortium for the Barcode of Life (CBOL) Plant Working Group, where the suitability of matK and rbcL loci as a barcode was showed [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
13 ] studied a total of 20 species belonging to the family Zingiberaceae from India by using nine plastids and two nuclear loci and reported that matK and rbcL aids in the determination of 15 species (75%) into monophyletic groups. (biomedcentral.com)
Many bacterial species are composed of multiple lineages distinguished by extensive variation in gene content. (ox.ac.uk)
Using Polymerase Chain Reactions (PCR) and Sanger DNA sequencing, we discovered CRISPRs in additional bacterial isolates of the same species of Bordetella. (ntu.edu.sg)
Results: Here we describe a novel Type II-C CRISPR and its associated genes-cas1, cas2, and cas9-in several isolates of a newly discovered Bordetella species. (ntu.edu.sg)
The CRISPR-cas locus, which is absent in all other Bordetella species, has a significantly lower GC-content than the genome-wide average, suggesting acquisition of this locus via horizontal gene transfer from a currently unknown source. (ntu.edu.sg)
The HLA complex is the human version of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), a gene family that occurs in many species. (medlineplus.gov)

In contrast to the toxin genes in S. dysenteriae 1, those in STEC are generally carried by lambdoid prophages, which integrate into the host bacterial chromosome ( 9 ). (cdc.gov)
S. dysenteriae possesses diverse virulence genes, located on both the chromosome and/or the plasmid. (researchsquare.com)
We are now using advanced optical mapping technology to reproduce these maps in the absence of genetic variation, in order to disentangle the role of chromosome structure from the potential for genetic incompatibilities ("speciation genes") skewing our results. (drexel.edu)
Lateral gene transfers resulted in different linkages between the ospC gene and loci of the chromosome or other plasmids. (cdc.gov)

The core of T6SS is composed of 13 proteins, conserved in both pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition to Vgr and Hcp proteins, the actual hallmark of this novel system is the presence of an AAA+ Clp-like ATPase and of two additional genes icmF and dotU , encoding homologs of T4SS stabilising proteins [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Tertiary structures of AgrA proteins of some pathogenic bacteria like Listeria monocytogenes, Chlamydia trachomatis, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pyogenes and Macrococcus canis showing antimicrobial resistance are not yet available in structural databases like PDB. (ijpsr.com)
The compositional and structural differences of the LytTR domain of AgrA proteins between the pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria were analyzed in our study. (ijpsr.com)
The protein product of the translocase gene demonstrated characteristics typical for members in this family of proteins, including 12 transmembrane helices and an isoelectric point of 9.4. (usda.gov)
These transport proteins appear to be unique to mitochondria, plant plastids, and obligate-intracellular bacteria. (usda.gov)
Three glycosylated serine-rich repeat proteins play a pivotal role in adhesion and colonization of the pioneer commensal bacterium, Streptococcus salivarius. (helmholtz-hzi.de)
10% transformation frequency), which reside in genes undergoing strong diversifying selection that encode large membrane proteins, likely as an immune invasion tactic. (drexel.edu)
Ba-IsdC is anchored to the cell wall by sortase (SrtB), a ubiquitous family of transpeptidases in Gram-positive bacteria which covalently append surface proteins to the peptidoglycan. (bcm.edu)
The HLA complex helps the immune system distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins made by foreign invaders such as viruses and bacteria. (medlineplus.gov)
MHC class II genes provide instructions for making proteins that are present on the surface of certain immune system cells. (medlineplus.gov)

8 , 9 Furthermore, the accelerating accumulation and transmission of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) among multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens pose major difficulties in treating infections. (researchsquare.com)
Although the bacterial translocase has been characterized in other intercellular pathogens such as Chlamydia trachomatis and Rickettsia prowazeki, this is the first characterization of an ATP/ADP translocases in an obligate-intracellular plant pathogen and, given the conservation of the ATP uptake mechanism, may represent an evolutionary link between plant and animal pathogens. (usda.gov)
Of the bacterial ATP/ADP translocases characterized thus far, all have been found in endosymbionts of protozoa or pathogens of higher order animals including humans. (usda.gov)
Targeting of novel essential pathways is expected to play an important role in the discovery of new antibacterial agents against bacterial pathogens, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa , that are difficult to control because of their ability to develop resistance, often multiple, to all current classes of clinical antibiotics. (biomedcentral.com)
Bacterial pathogens must acquire iron in order to grow inside mammalian hosts. (bcm.edu)
Clostridia are a class of Gram-positive, anaerobic and spore-forming bacteria, and include the important human pathogens Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium botulinum, and Clostridioides difficile , among numerous others. (biorxiv.org)
Biofilms have demonstrated roles in both virulence and persistence among bacterial pathogens of global health importance. (biorxiv.org)

The target gene will dictate the level of resolution-identification or strain differentiation. (genengnews.com)
Strain-level characterization of bacterial cultures can be provided by restriction fragment length polymorphisms. (genengnews.com)
To investigate the response of LuxS01 and wild type strain to exogenously added AI-2, cells from Venetoclax in vitro experiments A and B were harvested in late exponential phase for RNA extraction and microarray gene expression analysis. (hsdpathway.com)
VAXCHORA ( Cholera Vaccine, Live, Oral) is a live, attenuated bacterial vaccine suspension for oral administration containing the V. cholerae strain CVD 103-HgR. (rxlist.com)
CVD 103-HgR was constructed from the serogroup O1 classical Inaba strain 569B by deleting the catalytic domain sequence of both copies of the ctxA gene, which prevents the synthesis of active cholera toxin ( CT ). (rxlist.com)
This attenuated strain remains able to synthesize the immunogenic non-toxic B subunit of CT (encoded by the ctxB gene). (rxlist.com)
In addition, a marker was inserted into the hemolysin gene locus (hlyA) to enable differentiation of the vaccine strain from wild type V. cholerae O1. (rxlist.com)
By acquisition of the complete part or a large part of a novel ospC gene, an otherwise adapted strain would assume a new serotypic identity, thereby being comparatively fitter in an area with a high prevalence of immunity to existing OspC types. (cdc.gov)

Our analysis indicates that Goss's wilt resistance is highly complex and major resistance genes are not commonly present. (nsf.gov)
Many such people were significantly (0.001, chi-square) more likely also to have bacteria with a multiple antibiotic resistance genes. (evidence-of-harm.com)
So, beginning in 1989, my group in collaboration with investigators at the University of Calgary, specifically tested two hypotheses: that Hg is released from amalgam dental restorations in amounts sufficient to select for Hg resistant bacteria in the commensal microbiota and that the Hg resistance loci thus selected would be linked to antibiotic resistance genes and borne by bacterial plasmids (Summers et al. (evidence-of-harm.com)
Acquisition of resistance genes has proven to be difficult to characterize and is largely uncontrollable in the environment. (karger.com)
This was further supported by long-read sequencing of one representative XDR isolate, which revealed the presence of an integron carrying multiple resistance genes, including bla VIM-2 , with differences in gene composition and synteny to other P. aeruginosa class 1 integrons described before. (who.int)

Therefore, genomic engineering by CRISPR-Cas9 gives researchers the ability to generate targeted random gene disruption. (wikipedia.org)
The ease with which researchers can insert Cas9 and template RNA in order to silence or cause point mutations at specific loci has proved invaluable to the quick and efficient mapping of genomic models and biological processes associated with various genes in a variety of eukaryotes. (wikipedia.org)
Dissecting the bacterial type VI secretion system by a genome wide in silico analysis: what can be learned from available microbial genomic resources? (biomedcentral.com)
The long-term goal of this research is to apply statistical genomic approaches developed by human geneticists to the identification of bacterial virulence factors that contribute to disease in natural populations. (drexel.edu)
We are applying a variety of genomic methods to identifying putative virulence genes, including machine learning and phylogenetic correlated evolution methods. (drexel.edu)
Genomic analysis and reannotation showed that most of the ISM-prol open reading frames (ORFs) display the highest sequence similarity with Rhodobacterales bacterial genes and some ORFs are only distantly related to genes of other known phages or prophages. (elsevierpure.com)
Fitting a multilocus NFDS model of post-vaccine population dynamics to three genomic datasets using Approximate Bayesian Computation generated reproducible estimates of the influence of NFDS on pneumococcal evolution, the strength of which varied between loci. (ox.ac.uk)

In addition, the prevalence of the PMQR determinant genes was also investigated. (researchsquare.com)
They then looked at tropic variants and noticed a 134 bp repeat sequence within the mtd (major tropism determinant) locus, which is repeated in an adjacent brt locus encoding a Bordetella reverse transcriptase enzyme. (the-scientist.com)
We have uncovered a cell wall-based heme acquisition system in B. anthracis with similarities to the iron-regulated surface determinant (Isd) locus in S. aureus. (bcm.edu)

11 The common genetic loci are invasion plasmid antigen H ( ipaH ), invasion plasmid antigen genes ( ipaBCD) and invasion associated locus ( ial ). (researchsquare.com)
1997b) very much like those in the clinically-derived bacteria studied in the earliest days of plasmid research. (evidence-of-harm.com)
Hata M, Suzuki M, Matsumoto M, Takahashi M, Sato K, Ibe S, Sakae K: Cloning of a novel gene for quinolone resistance from a transferable plasmid in Shigella flexneri 2b. (karger.com)
Indest KJ, Jung CM, Chen HP, Hancock D, Florizone C, Eltis LD, Crocker FH: Functional characterization of pGKT2, a 182-kb plasmid containing the xplAB genes involved in the degradation of RDX by Gordonia sp. (karger.com)
One of the few antigens against which mammals develop protective immunity is the highly polymorphic OspC protein, encoded by the ospC gene on the cp26 plasmid. (cdc.gov)

DNA sequencing of the transposon insertion sites within the isolated mutants revealed transposon insertions within 38 distinct genetic loci. (harvard.edu)

Clostridia have been reported to form biofilms composed of cellulose, although the specific loci which encode the cellulose synthase have not been identified. (biorxiv.org)

Phylogenetic reconstruction based on the core genes showed that lateral transfer of the T6SS is probably its major way of dissemination among pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria. (biomedcentral.com)
10 The virulence gene has become a significant marker of pathogenic bacteria. (researchsquare.com)
Resistance to antimicrobials by pathogenic bacteria is a global menace. (ijpsr.com)
Using genomics to investigate the mechanism, consequences and evolution of genetic recombination, especially in pathogenic bacteria. (drexel.edu)

MALDI-TOF is known to be a reliable method for the identification of intact bacteria and yeast, and is more accurate than phenotypic systems, but not as accurate as sequence-based approaches. (genengnews.com)
The most promising isolate BE11 was identified biochemically and molecularly using 16 S rRNA gene sequence analysis as Enterococcus sp. (bvsalud.org)
Our analysis includes the antimicrobial resistance profiles, the molecular characterization of the mechanisms of resistance to fluoroquinolones, virulence gene profiles and the molecular characterization of S. dysenteriae isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). (researchsquare.com)
Using the amino acid sequence from the Las encoded translocase, a homologous protein was identified in Ca. Liberibacter solanacearum (Lso), the bacterium associated with zebra chip disease. (usda.gov)
Sequence-directed genetic interference pathways control gene expression and preserve genome integrity in all kingdoms of life. (rockefeller.edu)
the number of 60-basepair repeats within the arp gene and sequence variation in the tpr genes. (bmj.com)
The multi-locus sequence type, presence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants, and relatedness between the isolates were derived from the sequence data. (who.int)

2. Can natural transformation be exploited to map pathogenesis genes? (drexel.edu)
Newer work is using the same approach to map the genes responsible for natural variation in other pathogenesis traits, including resistance to human complement-mediated killing, as well as investigating the possibility of identifying genes involved in in vivo pathogenesis in an animal model of otitis media. (drexel.edu)
Broadly speaking, bacterial pathogenesis refers to the study of the origin and progression of a disease which results from infection by bacteria. (bcm.edu)
B. anthracis is an excellent model pathogen to study bacterial pathogenesis. (bcm.edu)

We used RNAi to confirm that a subset of mapped genes have a role in defence, including putative wound repair genes grainy head and debris buster. (datadryad.org)
The rare unmethylated GATC motifs were preferentially located in putative promoter regions, and most of them were methylated after Dam methyltransferase overexpression, suggesting that DNA methylation is involved in gene regulation. (pacb.com)
Due to an inability to genetically manipulate Las at the present time, the translocase (tlc) open reading frame was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli to determine if this putative gene was in fact functional. (usda.gov)
In some cases, a putative prophage may be missed due to the lack of recognizable prophage loci. (elsevierpure.com)

Investigates how CRISPR-Cas systems provide adaptive immunity to bacteria. (rockefeller.edu)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a highly adaptable bacterium that thrives in a broad range of ecological niches. (biomedcentral.com)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the gram negative rod shaped bacteria is found in all natural and man made environments. (ukessays.com)
The exopolysaccharide genes such as pilB, pslA, lecA, ureB and alginate genes are responsible for the formation of pseudomonas biofilms. (ukessays.com)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a member of gamma proteobacteria class of bacteria. (ukessays.com)

Currently, the main role of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) in wine is to conduct the malolactic fermentation (MLF). (frontiersin.org)
The main role of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in wine has traditionally been to perform the conversion of malic acid to lactic acid. (frontiersin.org)

We then performed a genomewide association study to map the genetic basis of variation in resistance to and tolerance of infection by the bacterium Providencia rettgeri. (datadryad.org)
In addition, 65 genes showed differential responses (up- or down-regulated) to infection in R and S lines. (nsf.gov)
We have used this method to map an operon involved in intracellular invasion of airway epithelial cells, a trait with implications for chronic infection, bacterial persistence, and trafficking of cells to different body sites. (drexel.edu)

Here, we examined the genetic basis of Goss's wilt through differential gene expression, standard genome-wide association mapping (GWAS), extreme phenotype (XP) GWAS using highly resistant (R) and highly susceptible (S) lines, and quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping using 3 bi-parental populations, identifying 11 disease association loci. (nsf.gov)
We have generated high-resolution genome-wide maps of transformation, finding massive variation in rates at different chromosomal loci. (drexel.edu)
Selection for recombinants that acquired the trait, followed by genome-wide profiling of donor-specific allele frequencies, we can rapidly identify the relevant genes. (drexel.edu)

They can be found very early in Earth's fossil records (about 3.25 billion years ago) as both Archaea and Bacteria, and commonly protect prokaryotic cells by providing them with homeostasis, encouraging the development of complex interactions between the cells in the biofilm. (wikipedia.org)
In bacteria and archaea, CRISPRs-clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeats-constitutes a recently discovered genetic interference pathway that protects cells from phages and conjugative plasmids. (rockefeller.edu)
Marraffini ultimately hopes to answer fundamental questions about how CRISPR-Cas systems destroy their targets, how the genetic memory is generated, and how CRISPR-Cas immunity affects the evolution of bacteria and archaea. (rockefeller.edu)
Proteína de unión al ADN y a la LEUCINA que se encuentra principalmente en BACTERIAS y en ARCHAEA. (bvsalud.org)
A LEUCINE and DNA-binding protein that is found primarily in BACTERIA and ARCHAEA. (bvsalud.org)

[13] The biofilm bacteria can share nutrients and are sheltered from harmful factors in the environment, such as desiccation, antibiotics, and a host body's immune system. (wikipedia.org)

The antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and/or virulence determinants possessed by the associated bacteria are generally found on mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that transmit between K . pneumoniae cells via horizontal gene transfer (HGT) [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Antimicrobial resistance occurs through different mechanisms, which include spontaneous (natural) genetic mutations and horizontal transfer of resistant genes through deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). (who.int)

Ptr1 also recognized homologs of AvrRpt2 from diverse bacteria including one in Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum and this correlated with the ability of AvrRpt2 to degrade RIN4. (cornell.edu)
This study also identified 43 growth-impairing inserts carrying multiple loci targeting 105 genes, of which 25 have homologs reported as essential in other bacteria. (biomedcentral.com)

Complex interactions between Gram-negative bacteria and their environment are facilitated by numerous surface-attached and exported macromolecules, some of which represent bacterial toxins and effectors. (biomedcentral.com)
This technique was developed in Staphylococcus aureus and, following a period of limited success in Gram-negative bacteria, has recently been used effectively in Escherichia coli . (biomedcentral.com)
Our current understanding of the underlying biochemical pathways responsible for biosynthesis of these exopolysaccharides is largely limited to Gram-negative bacteria. (biorxiv.org)
In this work, we identify a gene cluster, which we name ccsABZHI , for the C lostridial c ellulose s ynthase, which bears remarkable similarity to molecular machinery required for the production of cellulose biofilms in other Gram-negative bacteria. (biorxiv.org)

The clinical isolate S. epidermidis RP62a harbors a CRISPR spacer that matches the nickase gene ( nes ) that is present in nearly all staphylococcal conjugative plasmids and prevents their spread. (rockefeller.edu)

The pioneer colonizer and commensal bacterium of the human gastrointestinal tract, Streptococcus salivarius, has strong adhesive properties but the molecular determinants of this adhesion remain uncharacterized. (helmholtz-hzi.de)
Identification of New Factors Modulating Adhesion Abilities of the Pioneer Commensal Bacterium Streptococcus salivarius. (helmholtz-hzi.de)

The accessory gene regulator ( agr ), a well-studied QS system, controls the expression of a series of virulence-associated protein genes in some Gram-positive bacteria 19, 20 . (ijpsr.com)
The bacteria are collected by filtration, diafiltered, and concentrated before addition of a stabilization solution containing ascorbic acid (an antioxidant ), Hy-Case SF (hydrolyzed casein [a protein derived from cow's milk], a cryoprotectant), sodium chloride (a stabilizer), and sucrose (a cryoprotectant). (rxlist.com)
By means of DNA sequencing of a large sample collection of the pathogen from across the United States, we studied the gene for the bacterium's highly diverse OspC protein, protective immunity against which develops in animals. (cdc.gov)
The HLA-DPB1 gene provides instructions for making a protein that plays a critical role in the immune system. (medlineplus.gov)
The protein produced from the HLA-DPB1 gene attaches (binds) to the protein produced from another MHC class II gene, HLA-DPA1 . (medlineplus.gov)
Having variants of the HLA-DPB1 gene that contain the protein building block (amino acid) glutamic acid at position 69 (written as E69) increases the risk of developing beryllium sensitization or chronic beryllium disease. (medlineplus.gov)

Here, we report the discovery of a gene cluster, which we named ccsABZCD , among selected bacteria within class Clostridia that appears to encode a synthase complex responsible for polymerization, modification, and export of an O-acetylated cellulose exopolysaccharide. (biorxiv.org)
The locus of the psl polysacchide genes encode the cells to adhere to a surface and thus maintaining the biofilm structure. (ukessays.com)

Functional analysis suggested that these loci may be subject to negative frequency-dependent selection (NFDS) through interactions with other bacteria, hosts or mobile elements. (ox.ac.uk)

In addition, the Shigella enterotoxin genes set1A, set1B ( ShET-1 ), sen ( SHET-2 ) and Shiga toxin gene stx were also reported to be responsible for initial watery diarrhea. (researchsquare.com)

DNA microarray-based assessment of virulence potential of Shiga toxin gene-carrying Escherichia coli O104:H7 isolated from feedlot cattle feces. (cdc.gov)
The Las gene encoding the translocase (tlc) was subsequently expressed in Escherichia coli and shown to enable E.coli to uptake ATP directly into the cell. (usda.gov)

An attractive pathway to resolve the problem of bacterial resistance to current antibacterial agents is targeting bacterial QS 10-14 . (ijpsr.com)

They identified the prn gene, encoding the adhesin pertactin, as essential for tropism, and were able to isolate bacteriophage variants with different tropisms, implying a mechanism of tropic switching. (the-scientist.com)

Here we show that pneumococcal lineages from multiple populations each have a distinct combination of intermediate-frequency genes. (ox.ac.uk)
Correspondingly, these genes had similar frequencies in four populations with dissimilar lineage compositions. (ox.ac.uk)
We found that the distributions and frequencies of types of OspC genes differed between populations of B. burgdorferi in the Northeast, the Midwest, and California. (cdc.gov)

A biofilm usually begins to form when a free-swimming bacterium attaches to a surface. (wikipedia.org)

The molecular and genetic mechanisms of resistance to the bacterium, or, in general, Gram-positive bacteria causing plant diseases, remain poorly understood. (nsf.gov)
The bacteria isolated were identified using molecular methods. (ac.ir)
Taken together, we build a highly efficient CRISPR toolbox for genome editing and gene regulation, paving the way for functional genomics studies as well as molecular breeding in pear. (nsf.gov)
Bacteria belonging to class Clostridia have been anecdotally reported to form biofilms made of cellulose, although the molecular mechanisms governing their production has not before been described. (biorxiv.org)
Our work represents an entry point towards an understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing cellulose biofilm formation in Gram-positive bacteria. (biorxiv.org)

Maron and Ames, 1983) and the laboratory's own historical datab) The positive controls had to show sufficient effects, as defined by the laboratory's experiencec) Titer determinations had to demonstrate sufficient bacterial density in the suspension.An assay which did not comply with at least one of the above criteria was not used for assessment. (europa.eu)

We identified 30 loci that predict tolerance, many of which are in genes involved in the regulation of immunity and metabolism. (datadryad.org)
DNA methylation can serve to control diverse phenomena in eukaryotes and prokaryotes, including gene regulation leading to cell differentiation. (pacb.com)
Our findings bring key insight into bacterial methylomes and encourage further research to decipher the role of loci protected from DNA methylation in gene regulation. (pacb.com)
In order to cross two bacterial membranes, those molecules are transported by nanomachineries, called secretion systems, which may be more or less complex in terms of their composition and regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
To also target low expressed essential genes, we included some variant steps that were expected to overcome the non-stringent regulation of the promoter carried by the expression vector used for the shotgun antisense libraries. (biomedcentral.com)

For example, even if comprehensive insertion libraries are produced, it is inevitable that some genes, especially the shortest ones, could elude insertion and be spuriously annotated as essential, while transposon insertions that occur at gene ends and do not fully inactivate the function could lead to genes being incorrectly classified as non-essential. (biomedcentral.com)

The aim of this study was to characterize some biosurfactant-producing bacteria collected from sediment and seawater samples from the Caspian Sea. (ac.ir)

This was the first demonstration that a widely used non-antibiotic agent could select for antibiotic multi-resistant bacteria and do so in the primate commensal microbiota. (evidence-of-harm.com)

In this research project we try to quantify the gene expression of the above genes pilB, pslA, lecA, ureB using rpoD as the house keeping gene. (ukessays.com)

All 29 fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates were positive for the aac(6')-Ib-cr gene but negative for qepA , except SD001. (researchsquare.com)
In addition, only 6 (20.69%, 6/29) isolates harbored the qnr gene, including two with qnrB (6.90%, 2/29) and four with qnrS (13.79%, 4/29). (researchsquare.com)

[10] [11] A cell that switches to the biofilm mode of growth undergoes a phenotypic shift in behavior in which large suites of genes are differentially regulated . (wikipedia.org)
Discussion Differentially expressed genes inC. jejuniNCTC 11168 and itsluxSmutant InVibriospp, AI-2 functions as an extracellular signalling molecule. (hsdpathway.com)

Bacterial resistance to antimicrobials has become one of the greatest challenges for clinical microbiologists and healthcare practitioners worldwide. (karger.com)

[8] [5] The first colonist bacteria of a biofilm may adhere to the surface initially by the weak van der Waals forces and hydrophobic effects. (wikipedia.org)
Bacteria can adhere and grow on multiple surfaces and persist within biofilms in food processing plants, providing resistance to sanitizers and other antimicrobial agents. (harvard.edu)
The bacterium develops colonies known as microcolonies and adhere to the surface strongly which are known as pili structures (Baron S et al. (ukessays.com)
The microcarriers are spherical in size where the bacteria can easily adhere on surface. (ukessays.com)

the bacteria organize themselves into a coordinated functional community. (wikipedia.org)
With the advances in BMT and gene therapy, patients now have a better likelihood of developing a functional immune system in a previously lethal genetic disease. (medscape.com)

This pathway, called "natural transformation," is a major mechanism of gene transfer across bacteria and has a profound effect on genome evolution, including spreading antibiotic resistances and other virulence determinants. (drexel.edu)

It is based on a simplified version of the bacterial CRISPR-Cas9 antiviral defense system. (wikipedia.org)
Whereas methods such as RNA interference (RNAi) do not fully suppress gene function, CRISPR, ZFNs, and TALENs provide full irreversible gene knockout. (wikipedia.org)
CRISPR-Cas systems enable bacteria to acquire immunity against their viruses by capturing snippets of their DNA and using RNA-guided nucleases that cleave the viral DNA. (rockefeller.edu)
In this way, CRISPR-Cas systems provide adaptive and inheritable immunity to the bacterial cell. (rockefeller.edu)
Accordingly, CRISPR loci constitute a form of genetic memory that ensures the rejection of new, returning, and ever-present invading DNA molecules. (rockefeller.edu)
In addition, we established a CRISPR activation (CRISPRa) system for multiplexed gene activation in pear calli for gain-of-function analysis. (nsf.gov)
Background: Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated genes (cas) are widely distributed among bacteria. (ntu.edu.sg)

Certain Bordetella bacteria exist in two phases - Bvg+ is characterized by the expression of virulence genes and respiratory tract colonization, while the Bvg- phase is adapted for ex vivo growth when virulence genes are silenced. (the-scientist.com)

One of the current strategies is to attenuate virulence gene expression of agr quorum sensing system of some Gram-positive bacteria through inhibition of AgrA_ P2/P3 interaction. (ijpsr.com)

agr P2 drives the synthesis of RNA II, which encodes Agr ABCD, the structural components of the QS system, while agr P3 leads to the synthesis of RNA III which encodes delta-hemolysin 20 but also acts as a regulatory RNA that controls the expression of a series of virulence genes transcriptionally or translationally 21 . (ijpsr.com)

The MIC of antibiotics to biofilm-growing bacteria may be up to 1000-fold higher than that of planktonic bacteria. (medscape.com)
The genes responsible for the biofilm formation are quantified by comparing the planktonic and biofilm samples. (ukessays.com)
The planktonic cells grow very rapidly whereas the bacterial adhering takes some time to form biofilm in other case. (ukessays.com)
The results from the planktonic and biofilm gene expression results are compared. (ukessays.com)

Here we develop a stochastic evolutionary model and show how genetic transfer of host segregating alleles, distributed as predicted for niche specifying genes, and the opportunity for host transition could interact to promote the emergence of host generalist lineages of the zoonotic bacterium Campylobacter. (nih.gov)

0.1 mL compound, 0.1 mL bacteria, 0.5 mL S9 mix or buffer, 2.0 mL soft agar, 45 degree C in water bath, max. (europa.eu)
Five screening tests were used for selection of the bacteria including hemolysis in blood agar, oil spreading, drop collapse, emulsification activity and bacterial adhesion to hydrocarbon test (BATH). (ac.ir)

Few cultured bacteria from this phylum are known, and V. vadensis therefore represents an important organism for evolutionary studies. (inra.fr)
Goss's wilt, caused by the Gram-positive actinobacterium Clavibacter nebraskensis, is an important bacterial disease of maize. (nsf.gov)
In summary, the Ptr1 gene has the potential to become an important component (along with Pto) in controlling bacterial speck disease. (cornell.edu)
Our primary model system is the human bacterial pathogen Haemophilus influenzae , an important agent of ear infections (otitis media) in children, as well as lung infections associated with chronic respiratory conditions. (drexel.edu)
In addition we will address important areas of modern epidemiology such as the influence of early life factors on adult health and disease, but also the importance of the gene-diet-microbiota interaction for body function and health. (lu.se)

In the laboratory, bacteria become highly resistant to antibiotics when nutrients are limited in the media. (medscape.com)
2002). However, in the early 1980's my group observed that people who had no recent exposure to antibiotics often had an abundance of Hg resistant bacteria in their feces. (evidence-of-harm.com)
Removal provoked a second spike in fecal Hg concentrations followed by a gradual decline in fecal Hg and slower decline in the multiresistant resistant bacteria, though neither declined to pre-treatment levels during the 2-month follow-up period. (evidence-of-harm.com)
The changes observed were statistically significant at 95-99% level, so we could conclude that Hg released from dental amalgam fillings can select for multi-resistant bacteria. (evidence-of-harm.com)

Anatomy15

Organisms68

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs41

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment30

Phenomena and Processes94

Disciplines and Occupations8

Technology, Industry, Agriculture4

Information Science4

Health Care16

Strains15

Genomes8

Species22

Chromosome4

Proteins11

Pathogens7

Strain8

Resistance genes5

Genomic7

Determinant3

Plasmid5

Genetic loci1

Specific loci1

Pathogenic4

Sequence7

Pathogenesis4

Putative4

Systems provide adaptive immunity1

Pseudomonas4

Lactic Acid Bac2

Infection3

Genome wide3

Archaea5

Biofilm bacteria1

Antimicrobial resistance2

Homologs2

Gram-Negative4

Plasmids1

Streptococcus2

Protein6

Encode2

Interactions1

Shigella1

Escherichia2

Antibacterial agents1

Isolate1

Populations3

Attaches1

Molecular5

Assay1

Regulation5

Transposon insertions1

Characterize1

Commensal1

PilB1

Isolates2

Differentially2

Antimicrobials1

Adhere4

Functional2

Determinants1

CRISPR7

Bordetella1

Virulence gene1

Synthesis1

Planktonic4

Lineages1

Agar2

Important5

Resistant4