• Infectious phage were found in culture supernatants and increased ≈1,000-fold with mitomycin C. Whole-genome sequencing of several isolates and PCR analyses of all strains confirmed that stx 1a was carried by a lambdoid bacteriophage. (cdc.gov)
  • Insertion sequences flanking the stx region suggest that gene rearrangements occurred and resulted in a defective phage. (cdc.gov)
  • The phage remains in a lysogenic state until environmental conditions induce expression of phage lytic cycle genes, leading to new phage production and lysis of the host bacterium. (cdc.gov)
  • In particular, we have investigated the activation of phage T4 promoters during T4 infection and the regulation of promoters that express virulence gene products in the pathogens Bordetella pertussis and Vibrio cholerae . (nih.gov)
  • DNA and Gene Organization of Phage Lambda 3. (biologydiscussion.com)
  • The 12 nucleotides of cohesive ends and process of circularization are shown in Fig. 18.11B-C. The events of circularization occurs after injection of phage DNA into E.coli cell where the bacterial enzyme, i.e. (biologydiscussion.com)
  • In the lytic cycle, phage genes are expressed and DNA is replicated resulting in production of several phage particles. (biologydiscussion.com)
  • In addition, the lysogenic cycle results in integration of phage DNA with bacterial chromosome and becomes a part of host DNA. (biologydiscussion.com)
  • The phage DNA integrated with bacterial chromosome is called prophage. (biologydiscussion.com)
  • instead of T4 genome, a piece of host cell's bacterial DNA is packaged in the phage head. (tedxhongkong.org)
  • At times, a portion of the bacterial DNA remains attached to the detached phage DNA. (tedxhongkong.org)
  • This excised phage DNA undergoes lytic cycle and infects another bacterium and transfers the bacterial genes from the donor bacterium. (tedxhongkong.org)
  • Questions & Answers ( MCQs ) focuses on â Bacterial Transductionâ to make whole phage? (tedxhongkong.org)
  • Bacteriophage (phage), (the normally occurring parasitic infections of bacteria, in a position to infect and destroy bacterial cells) had been initial utilised as cure to infections in the 1930s inside the previous Soviet Union. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)
  • Regardless of the continuing advancement of phage items throughout the Cool Battle, bacteriophage therapy was generally disregarded in the Western world from beneath the comparative comfort from the antibiotic blanket. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)
  • Formulated with a vast quantity of hereditary materials, temperate phage have already been proven to raise the virulence of specific species of bacterias through transduction, a good example of which include the bacterial acquisition of the gene encoding the Panton Valentine Leucocidin toxin, leading to scalded skin symptoms [6]. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)
  • Whilst that is chosen against when sourcing phage for treatment, the control and regulation of suitable virulent phage for clinical use is often timely and uncertain. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)
  • Bacteriophage-encoded endolysins (peptidoglycan hydrolases synthesised by phage contaminated bacterial cells) are utilised in the long run levels of phage infections. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)
  • The phage endolysin designated LysK isolated from your staphylococcal bacteriophage K offers been shown to have potent antimicrobial activity against a range of staphylococci including MRSA [13]. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)
  • a plastid-encoded bacterial-type RNA polymerase (PEP) and a nuclear-encoded phage-type RNA polymerase (NEP), which recognize distinct types of promoters. (frontiersin.org)
  • In the 1940s, Max Delbruck encouraged the phage group at Cold Spring Harbor to concentrate their research on seven specific bacteriophages (T1 -- T7), so that they could readily compare results. (nih.gov)
  • Both tracrRNA and pre-crRNA confer immunity against acquisition of a protospacer gene derived from a lysogenic phage. (nature.com)
  • This module provides an up to date understanding of how fundamental research in bacterial cell biology helps to elucidate central biological questions such as the control and regulation of cell division and of gene expression in bacteria. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • The objective being to give an overview of the methods used in the discovery of molecular mechanisms used by model bacteria and the application of this in understanding the basic processes involved in bacterial growth and development in terms of regulation and biological function. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in bacteria. (lookformedical.com)
  • In bacteria, a group of metabolically related genes, with a common promoter, whose transcription into a single polycistronic MESSENGER RNA is under the control of an OPERATOR REGION. (lookformedical.com)
  • Analyzing bacteria in late exponential phase, we capture ~40% ( E. faecalis ) and 43% ( E. faecium ) of the annotated protein-coding genes, determine 5′ and 3′ UTR (untranslated region) length, and detect instances of leaderless mRNAs. (frontiersin.org)
  • Figure 1 shows the basic regulatory circuit for QS in bacteria, but more intricate systems exist with respect to the chemical signals, the signal relay mechanisms, and the target genes controlled by bacterial QS systems. (asmblog.org)
  • always results in the same few genes being transferred between bacteria. (tedxhongkong.org)
  • Bacteria and integrates its genome within the host cell 's bacterial DNA remains attached the. (tedxhongkong.org)
  • Bacteria can acquire antibiotic resistance either by mutational modification of their genome or by incorporating genes originating from other micro-organisms by gene transfer. (bats.ch)
  • Once the bacterium has acquired resistance genes, it wins a selection advantage compared to bacteria susceptible for antibiotics in an environment containing antibiotics ('environment' also includes humans and animals that are submitted to antibiotic therapy). (bats.ch)
  • The mechanisms of gene transfer in bacteria. (jinnah.edu)
  • The molecular mechanisms that bacteria use to regulate gene activity. (jinnah.edu)
  • Plasmids and conjugative transposons are very important in horizontal gene transfer in bacteria. (web.app)
  • In this review, with only a few exceptions, we focus on the role of bacteria in the regulation of immunity and cancer. (pdgfreceptor.com)
  • Evidence is growing that extensive horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes occur in nature between clinical and nonclinical bacteria [2]. (helpmyessay.com)
  • Hence the commensal reservoir bacteria may be important players in the spread of antibiotic resistance genes. (helpmyessay.com)
  • Experiments would measure the efficiency of gene transfer between different classes of bacteria upon exposure of triclosan. (helpmyessay.com)
  • The efficiency of transformation by naked DNA and gene transfer between bacteria vial bacterial conjugation can be examined upon exposure to various levels of triclosan. (helpmyessay.com)
  • Bacteria can become resistant to antibiotics either through mutation or by acquiring resistance genes that confers resistance to one or more antibiotics. (pasteur.fr)
  • Bacteria are capable of exchanging genes. (pasteur.fr)
  • These exchanges are especially problematic when it comes to genes making the bacteria resistant. (pasteur.fr)
  • While the acquisition of resistance through mutation is extremely rare - occurring in approximately one in every hundred million bacteria - resistance genes can be acquired between bacteria much more frequently, by as many as one bacterium in every hundred. (pasteur.fr)
  • The friendly, non-pathogenic bacteria that colonize us and make up our microbiome and are essential to our health can also develop resistance, creating a reservoir of resistance genes that can then spread to pathogenic bacteria. (pasteur.fr)
  • Antibiotics fall into two categories: broad-spectrum antibiotics, which can kill a wide variety of bacterial species, and narrow-spectrum antibiotics, which target specific types of bacteria. (pasteur.fr)
  • If the bacterial species responsible for an infection has been identified, it is preferable to use an antibiotic targeted against this bacteria, as this will have a lesser impact on the microbiome and the development of antibiotic resistance. (pasteur.fr)
  • 4. Differentiate between bacterial transduction and bacterial transformation. (qforquestions.in)
  • Transduction involves bringing genes from a living host while transformation involves absorption of gene from nonliving medium. (qforquestions.in)
  • In addition, specific focus is on mechanisms of gene exchange in prokaryotes including transformation (natural and artificial), conjugation, and transduction (including bacteriophage biology). (uwlax.edu)
  • A. Specialised Transduction: In this process, the bacteriophage gets attached to a bacterial cell wall at the receptor site and the nucleic acid of bacteriophage is transferred into the cyto-plasm of â ¦ Mutations. (tedxhongkong.org)
  • MCQs in Bacterial Genetics (Part II) Category: Bacteriology Bacterial genetics section will test your understanding regarding Bacteriophage, Plasmids, Transposons, Bacterial gene transfer (Conjugation, Transformation and Transduction) and Recombinant DNA Technology. (tedxhongkong.org)
  • Transduction is the process by which bacterial DNA is moved from one bacterium to another by a virus. (tedxhongkong.org)
  • Generalized transduction is the process by which any bacterial gene may be transferred to another bacterium via a bacteriophage, and typically carries only bacterial DNA and no viral DNA. (tedxhongkong.org)
  • Methods of DNA transfer between organisms include transformation by naked DNA, viral transduction, and bacterial conjugation. (helpmyessay.com)
  • The capacity of certain E coli strains to produce Shiga toxins appears to have resulted from transduction of the responsible genes by bacteriophages. (medscape.com)
  • A genome is an organism's complete set of DNA, including all of its genes as well as its hierarchical, three-dimensional structural configuration. (wikipedia.org)
  • The field also includes studies of intragenomic (within the genome) phenomena such as epistasis (effect of one gene on another), pleiotropy (one gene affecting more than one trait), heterosis (hybrid vigour), and other interactions between loci and alleles within the genome. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fiers' group expanded on their MS2 coat protein work, determining the complete nucleotide-sequence of bacteriophage MS2-RNA (whose genome encodes just four genes in 3569 base pairs [bp]) and Simian virus 40 in 1976 and 1978, respectively. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nevertheless, in 1977 his group was able to sequence most of the 5,386 nucleotides of the single-stranded bacteriophage φX174, completing the first fully sequenced DNA-based genome. (wikipedia.org)
  • however, the toxin genes are not associated with a complete prophage genome ( 4 , 5 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Cycle and infects another bacterium and transfers the bacterial DNA instead of T4 genome, a piece of cell. (tedxhongkong.org)
  • The gradual conversion from endosymbiont to organelle during the course of evolution has clearly been accompanied by a dramatic reduction in genome size as the chloroplasts lost most of their genes to the nucleus. (frontiersin.org)
  • Adaptation of the bacterial CRISPR-Cas system for genome editing purposes by combining crRNA and tracrRNA into a single guide RNA molecule. (corteva.com)
  • Achieving systematic, genome-scale perturbations within intact biological systems is important for elucidating gene function and epigenetic regulation. (cdc.gov)
  • Biochemical and structural studies reveal significant functional similarities among bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic RNA polymerases. (nih.gov)
  • RNA sequencing revealed that triggered persistence was associated with the upregulation of genes related to several stress defense mechanisms, notably, multidrug efflux pumps, the arginine deaminase pathway, and the Opu/Opc system. (bvsalud.org)
  • My lab focuses on elucidating these mechanisms of transcription initiation and regulation. (nih.gov)
  • Emphasis is placed on the molecular mechanisms underlying bacterial stress physiology, which is essential for bacterial survival in the environment, and thereby tolerance and resistance to antibiotics. (ku.dk)
  • Filipowicz, W., Bhattacharyya, S. N. & Sonenberg, N. Mechanisms of post-transcriptional regulation by microRNAs: are the answers in sight? (nature.com)
  • Meister, G. & Tuschl, T. Mechanisms of gene silencing by double-stranded RNA. (nature.com)
  • Our focus on the alterations in the efficiencies of gene transfer mechanisms upon exposure to triclosan may elucidate novel physiological effects. (helpmyessay.com)
  • Mechanisms of bacterial biocide and antibiotic resistance . (helpmyessay.com)
  • Early work suggested that the process and regulation of transcription initiation fundamentally differed between bacterial polymerase and higher organisms. (nih.gov)
  • Function and structure of RNA polymerase, and bacteriophage and colicin receptors, in the laboratory of Andrew Wright. (armisiplaw.com)
  • Genes may direct the production of proteins with the assistance of enzymes and messenger molecules. (wikipedia.org)
  • The involvement of viral DNA-binding proteins in the regulation of virulence genes, transcription, DNA replication, and repair make them significant targets. (mdpi.com)
  • It is organized into genes that specify the production of proteins. (corteva.com)
  • There are several forms of RNA, including messenger RNA (mRNA) which conveys the genetic information from genes (encoded by nucleotides) to proteins (encoded by amino acids). (corteva.com)
  • Pharmacological studies on affinity for iron of the gram-negative bacterial iron chelator enterochelin as potential therapeutic agent and mammalian iron-binding proteins. (armisiplaw.com)
  • Programmable DNA binding proteins have emerged as an exciting platform for engineering synthetic transcription factors for modulating endogenous gene expression 5 - 11 . (cdc.gov)
  • A better understanding of how these species cause disease and spread antibiotic resistance requires a knowledge of how its genes are controlled, on both the DNA and the RNA level. (frontiersin.org)
  • In Switzerland and virtually world-wide, concerned institutions (public health, veterinary medicine, food industry, agriculture, etc.) are becoming increasingly aware of the evolution and dissemination of bacterial antibiotic resistance. (bats.ch)
  • v) determination of social, legal, ethical and economic impacts of antibiotic resistance itself and of a possible change in the regulations of the utilisation of antibiotics. (bats.ch)
  • Acquisition and transfer of antibiotic resistance genes is related to the selection pressure exerted by the intensive use of these substances, which explains the world-wide alarming situation in human medicine. (bats.ch)
  • The bacterial transposons belong to the dna transposons and the tn family, which are usually the carrier of additional genes for antibiotic resistance. (web.app)
  • Since triclosan disrupts the microbial cell membrane, it is important to examine whether triclosan affects the acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes. (helpmyessay.com)
  • SdiA has been shown to be involved in the re-gu-la-tion of acid resistance, of flagellar genes, and of virulence factors in EHEC strains ( Shiga toxin ), but it is not yet entirely clear to what extent regulation by SdiA depends on AHL binding. (asmblog.org)
  • As hydrolytic enzymes, they preserve specificity without impacting commensal flora, can handle speedy bacterial lysis, are improbable to encounter level of resistance owed to the fundamental bacterial binding sites plus they usually do not contain transducible hereditary information [8]. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)
  • The use of antibiotics is the key factor for the selection of genes that code for resistance not only in pathogens, but also in other habitats (commensals, environment). (bats.ch)
  • An element that favours the dissemination of resistance genes is the fact that they are often plasmid-borne, i.e. a type of mini-chromosomes which are 1/100 to 1/1000 the size of a normal chromosome. (bats.ch)
  • This is mainly due to bacterial colonies embedded in the peri-prosthetic tissue, which then form a surface-adherent biofilm and hence have an up to 1000-fold greater resistance to antibiotic administration [5]. (biomedres.us)
  • If the dna of a plasmid conferring drug resistance carrying the genes for kanamycin resistance, for example is denatured to singlestranded forms and then allowed to renature slowly, some of the strands form an unusual shape under the electron microscope. (web.app)
  • Taking antibiotics disrupts our microbiome and contributes to an increase in our reservoir of resistance genes. (pasteur.fr)
  • These new antimicrobial and antibiofilm technologies will treat wound and medical device related infections, and will provide an alternative treatment to antibiotic classes in which bacterial resistance is high. (cdc.gov)
  • We also synthesize a library consisting of 70,290 guides targeting all human RefSeq coding isoforms to screen for genes which, upon activation, confer resistance to a BRAF inhibitor. (cdc.gov)
  • Expected and potentially novel resistance genes are enriched in the top hits and are validated using individual sgRNA as well as cDNA overexpression. (cdc.gov)
  • In contrast to the toxin genes in S. dysenteriae 1, those in STEC are generally carried by lambdoid prophages, which integrate into the host bacterial chromosome ( 9 ). (cdc.gov)
  • It replicates along with bacterial chromosome and is inherited into progenies. (biologydiscussion.com)
  • Mutation the gene or chromosome that results from a mutational process 3. (web.app)
  • Mapping, gene -- Determination of the relative positions of genes on a chromosome (or other DNA molecule) and of the distance, in linkage units or physical units, between them. (nih.gov)
  • One of two (or more) alternative forms of a gene found at the same location on a chromosome. (corteva.com)
  • We are interested in elucidating the details of gene regulation by the B. pertussis global response regulator, BvgA, which regulates all the known pertussis virulence genes. (nih.gov)
  • therefore, induction of the lytic cycle increases expression of the toxin genes and host cell lysis allows for toxin release ( 10 ). (cdc.gov)
  • This is carried out by temperate bacteriophage which undergoes the lysogenic cycle. (tedxhongkong.org)
  • To generation carried out by temperate bacteriophage which undergoes the lysogenic cycle much time is taken the. (tedxhongkong.org)
  • The lysogenic cycle and its regulation. (jinnah.edu)
  • X-rays or mitomycin, the prophage can be separated from bacterial chromosomes and enter the lytic cycle. (biologydiscussion.com)
  • This system is present in most archaeal species and approxi-mately half of all bacterial species. (pjmonline.org)
  • In contrast to genetics, which refers to the study of individual genes and their roles in inheritance, genomics aims at the collective characterization and quantification of all of an organism's genes, their interrelations and influence on the organism. (wikipedia.org)
  • The mechanism of gene expression involves biochemical genetics. (qforquestions.in)
  • The complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism. (corteva.com)
  • The cells that together constitute an organism as a rule contain a complete set of genes characteristic of the species. (nobelprize.org)
  • The PEP enzyme recognizes the -10 and -35 cis -elements, similar to those found in bacterial promoters whereas the NEP enzyme recognizes the YRTA-motif, which can also be found upstream of several genes with PEP promoters indicating that these genes can be transcribed by both polymerases ( Pfannschmidt and Liere, 2005 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Gene expression is a mechanism at the molecular level by which a gene is able to express itself in the phenotype of an organism. (qforquestions.in)
  • Horizontal gene transfer, also known as lateral gene transfer, is a process in which an organism transfers genetic material to another organism that is not its offspring. (web.app)
  • The organism that develops from the fertilized ovum receives certain of the parents' characters through these genes, and the genetic material in the fertilized egg, that is to say, all these genes combined, determines the development of the organism. (nobelprize.org)
  • In 1972, Walter Fiers and his team at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology of the University of Ghent (Ghent, Belgium) were the first to determine the sequence of a gene: the gene for Bacteriophage MS2 coat protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • The lecture sequence will comprise of a module introduction followed by lectures on specific aspects of bacterial cell biology. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • however, the toxin genes have been found in other Shigella species. (cdc.gov)
  • Although 4 species of Shigella cause bacillary dysentery, historically only Shigella dysenteriae type 1 has been recognized as carrying the genes for Shiga toxin ( stx ). (cdc.gov)
  • Recently, acquisition of stx genes in clinical isolates of other Shigella species has been reported ( 11 , 12 ). (cdc.gov)
  • tracrRNA-mediated crRNA maturation is conserved among different bacterial species. (nature.com)
  • Bacterial transposons free download as powerpoint presentation. (web.app)
  • The most widely used constructs were derived from the insertion sequences, is containing composite elements transposons, or from bacteriophages. (web.app)
  • Of the remaining 95% of nonfunctioning genes, nearly 50% is thought to consist of transposable elements or transposons. (web.app)
  • Understanding this process is fundamental to the development of anti-bacterial strategies because biofilms shield pathogens from environmental stresses, nutrient loss, and most, importantly antibiotics. (nih.gov)
  • Biofilms are increasingly recognised as the predominant mode of bacterial growth including within medical, engineered, and environmental contexts. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • We discovered that exogenous nitric oxide can act as a signal for the dispersal of bacterial biofilms. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • For example the head and tail synthesis, replication and recombination genes are arranged in four distinct clusters. (biologydiscussion.com)
  • First demonstration that gene products which are protein and are receptors for viral binding can function in a physiological cellular transport process, and identification of genes involved in synthesis and regulation of the iron chelator, in the laboratory of S.E. Luria. (armisiplaw.com)
  • In essence, this is the packaging of bacterial DNA into a viral envelope. (tedxhongkong.org)
  • This T4 head gets a tail and becomes a viral particle and is capable of infecting another bacterial cell. (tedxhongkong.org)
  • New host cells infected by these viral particles received bacterial DNA instead of viral DNA. (tedxhongkong.org)
  • Viral particles received bacterial DNA remains attached to the site of prophage are. (tedxhongkong.org)
  • These include viral and nonviral methods of gene delivery, transgenic approaches, strategies for the regulation of transgene expression, and modification of the host response. (cshlpress.com)
  • This is true for antibiotics prescribed for bacterial infections but it also applies when antibiotics are taken for viral infections such as colds or flu - on which they actually have no effect. (pasteur.fr)
  • Other topics covered include genetic terminology, recombination and transposition, mutagenesis and repair, and gene regulation. (uwlax.edu)
  • Main ways, recombination and headful packaging and transfers the bacterial genes from the donor cell. (tedxhongkong.org)
  • In all of our systems, we combine classic protein and nucleic acids biochemistry with state-of-the-art structural and molecular modeling techniques to understand the protein-protein and protein-DNA contacts that are needed for regulation. (nih.gov)
  • Gene Transfer: Delivery and Expression of DNA and RNA provides the first comprehensive guide to technical approaches for delivering nucleic acids into cells and organisms and of ensuring (even manipulating) appropriate expression. (cshlpress.com)
  • This technology provides a critical tool for the spatiotemporal targeting of potent bacterial therapeutics in a variety of biological and clinical scenarios. (nature.com)
  • RNA is essential in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes. (corteva.com)
  • the toxin genes were determined to be carried by a lambdoid prophage homologous to stx -encoding phages found in STEC ( 13 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Bacteriophages were contemplated to be an alternative therapy option for intra- and postoperative therapy of the graft related soft tissue infection. (biomedres.us)
  • Likewise the ability of triclosan to inhibit bacteriophage infection, another common method of gene transfer will be analysed. (helpmyessay.com)
  • These genes can disseminate and their transfer to or within pathogens can aggravate therapies or even make them impossible. (bats.ch)
  • That hereditary characters are transmitted from parents to offspring via special elements in the ovum and spermatozoon, the so-called genes, has long been known. (nobelprize.org)
  • Understanding gene function and regulation requires rigorous testing in live cells and organisms. (cshlpress.com)
  • Because transcription initiation proceeds through multiple steps, this process provides multiple points for regulation. (nih.gov)
  • We use these engineered Cas9 activation complexes to investigate sgRNA targeting rules for effective transcriptional activation, demonstrate multiplexed activation of 10 genes simultaneously, and upregulate long intergenic non-coding RNA (lincRNA) transcripts. (cdc.gov)
  • Although the current generation of dCas9-based transcription activators is able to achieve up-regulation of some endogenous loci, the magnitude of transcriptional up-regulation achieved by individual single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) 12 typically ranges from low to ineffective 8 - 11 . (cdc.gov)
  • Our work has revealed a unique architecture for the interaction of the Bordetella pertussis response regulator (BvgA) with a particular virulence gene promoter. (nih.gov)
  • These dCas9-activator fusions targeted to the promoter region of endogenous genes can then modulate gene expression 7 - 11 . (cdc.gov)
  • Of host cell DNA bacterium and transfers the bacterial genes that are close to the site of are! (tedxhongkong.org)
  • E. Coli RecA protein the donor bacterium bacterial cell in transfomation is probaly dead bacterium to another by virus. (tedxhongkong.org)
  • MyD88 signaling is required for the epithelial expression of antimicrobial genes, such as Reg3β and Reg3γ, and MyD88 deficiency has been shown to result in an alteration in bacterial composition and diversity [39, 40]. (pdgfreceptor.com)
  • Laboratory emphasis is on bacterial mutagenesis, genetic exchange and cloning techniques. (uwlax.edu)
  • To conduct our work on virulence gene regulation, we collaborate with the laboratory of Dr. Scott Stibitz at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (nih.gov)
  • Bacterial identification in the diagnostic laboratory versus taxonomy. (jinnah.edu)
  • The signature of our top screening hits is significantly correlated with gene expression data from clinical melanoma samples. (cdc.gov)
  • The genes encoding the toxin are found in an operon consisting of stxA and stxB . (cdc.gov)
  • and/or bacteriophages with respect to the development of antibacterial strategies. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Bacterial strains are often resistant to 4 - 5 classes of antibacterial agents or even more. (bats.ch)
  • This case demonstrates the supportive antibacterial effect of bacteriophages in septic aortic surgery and the successful secondary closure of chronically infected femoral wounds in high-risk patients. (biomedres.us)
  • At this time the AI binds to and activates the receptor protein, which in turn induces gene expression. (asmblog.org)
  • This comprehensive global TSS mapping atlas provides a valuable resource for RNA biology and gene expression analysis in the Enterococci. (frontiersin.org)
  • We identified 26 Shigella flexneri serotype 2 strains isolated by public health laboratories in the United States during 2001-2013, which encode the Shiga toxin 1a gene ( stx 1a ). (cdc.gov)
  • A transcriptome analysis was then performed to evaluate the differential gene expression between the normal stationary-phase cells and the persisters. (bvsalud.org)
  • The physiological conditions experienced by a microbial community can thus be inferred using meta-transcriptomic sequencing by comparing transcription levels of specifically chosen genes. (osti.gov)
  • Bacterial transposable elements bacterial transposable elements were initially detected because of the genetic instability of phenotypes. (web.app)
  • Unless the bacterial populations are involved in pathogenicity this is hardly relevant. (bats.ch)