• Overview of Anaerobic Bacteria Bacteria can be classified by their need and tolerance for oxygen: Facultative: Grow aerobically or anaerobically in the presence or absence of oxygen Microaerophilic: Require a low oxygen concentration. (merckmanuals.com)
  • In the first few years of life, the bacterial microbiota within the mouth is predominantly aerobic, but, as the teeth develop, favorable sites supporting pathogenic anaerobic bacteria emerge. (medscape.com)
  • While the exact mode of action of Flagyl is not fully understood, studies have shown that it is primarily bactericidal against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa. (air2bhutan.com)
  • Mycetoma is produced by the introduction of microorganisms (bacteria or fungi) via localized trauma to the skin with thorns, wood splinters, or implantation with solid objects. (medscape.com)
  • It works by killing bacteria and other microorganisms that cause infections. (air2bhutan.com)
  • Bacteria are microorganisms that have circular double-stranded DNA and (except for mycoplasmas) cell walls. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Mycetoma infection can be caused by fungi or bacteria. (medscape.com)
  • More than 56 different species of fungi and bacteria have been reported to cause mycetoma. (medscape.com)
  • [ 7 ] The ratio of mycetoma cases caused by bacteria (actinomycetoma) to those caused by true fungi (eumycetoma) in Mexico has been reported to be 92:8. (medscape.com)
  • In 1913, Pinoy described the mycetoma produced by aerobic bacteria that belong to the actinomycete group and classified mycetomas as those produced by true fungi (eumycetoma) versus those due to aerobic bacteria (actinomycetoma). (medscape.com)
  • Bacteria, viruses and fungi are common in the external and internal environment, however, and most cause problems only if they secrete noxious substances, become invasive or elicit inappropriate host defence responses. (pocketdentistry.com)
  • Bone infections may be caused by any number of bacteria or fungi. (okhbot.com)
  • These bacteria are known for their ability to form branching, filamentous structures resembling fungi in infected tissues. (medicallabnotes.com)
  • The microbial flora is mostly bacteria and fungi and includes normal resident flora, which is present consistently and which promptly reestablishes itself if disturbed, and transient flora, which may colonize the host for hours to weeks but does not permanently establish itself. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Cervicofacial actinomycosis is the most common type of the infection, comprising 50-70% of reported cases. (medscape.com)
  • Cervicofacial actinomycosis is characterized in the initial stages by soft-tissue swelling of the perimandibular area. (medscape.com)
  • Furthermore, actinomycosis is generally a polymicrobial infection, with isolates numbering as many as 5-10 bacterial species. (medscape.com)
  • In severe cases, they may penetrate the surrounding bone and muscle to the skin, where they break open and leak large amounts of pus, which often contains characteristic granules filled with progeny bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
  • Gram stain and culture of the discharge shows Gram-positive bacteria with yellow sulfur granules. (osmosis.org)
  • OK, A. israelii is a rod-shaped gram-positive bacteria, we've got that part down, but what this means is that it goes purple when gram-stained. (osmosis.org)
  • In bacteria who don't have a lot of lipids in their cell wall, like A. Israelii, all the red dye is washed off by alcohol , so it looks blue under the microscope, making it a non-acid-fast bacteria. (osmosis.org)
  • Alright, now, A. Israelii can asymptomatically colonize the oral cavity , particularly the space between the roots and gums , as well as the pharynx , where they gather around the tonsils, and also the intestinal tract, and the urogenital tract, where they coexist with other commensal bacteria. (osmosis.org)
  • For example, a diet rich in dietary carbohydrate such as refined sugar favors bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans , the organism that causes dental caries. (medscape.com)
  • for example, S mutans and Streptococcus sanguis typically adhere to hard surfaces, while Streptococcus salivarius is found primarily on the tongue. (medscape.com)
  • Actinomycosis is a subacute-to-chronic bacterial infection caused by filamentous, gram-positive, non-acid-fast, anaerobic-to-microaerophilic bacteria. (medscape.com)
  • But wait… that sounds exactly like Nocardia , another group of rod shaped, gram-positive, filamentous bacteria with a lot of other similar features. (osmosis.org)
  • Actinomycetes are a group of gram-positive bacteria that have a filamentous growth pattern. (doctor-dr.com)
  • If the bacteria have become resistant to this treatment, antibiotic susceptibility testing should be performed to select the best antimicrobial agent or agents to be used. (medscape.com)
  • It is a bactericidal antibiotic, meaning it kills bacteria rather than just inhibiting their growth. (air2bhutan.com)
  • This infection typically occurs following oral surgery or in patients with poor dental hygiene. (medscape.com)
  • Introduction: Post-traumatic syringomyelia typically occurs in the spinal curd adjacent to a region ol arachnoiditis. (the-medical-dictionary.com)
  • [1] It generally occurs due to gram-negative bacteria of the fusiform and spirochete type. (mdwiki.org)
  • Cer- risk of transformation to high-grade lesions vical neoplasia typically develops into inva- or carcinomas [ 9-11 ]. (who.int)
  • This is typically due to oral flora and others (especially if receiving antibiotics recently or hospitalized). (hopkinsguides.com)
  • Bactericidal antibiotics are those that kill bacteria directly, while bacteriostatic antibiotics inhibit bacterial growth and replication without killing them. (air2bhutan.com)
  • The characteristic lesion of actinomycosis is an indurated area of multiple, small, communicating abscesses surrounded by granulation tissue. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Actinomycosis abscesses grow larger as the disease progresses, often over months. (wikipedia.org)
  • Clostridium bacteria are "anaerobic", meaning that they prefer low oxygen concentrations to grow. (okhbot.com)
  • Doxycycline has bacteriostatic activity against a broad range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. (nih.gov)
  • Actinobacteria are spore-forming, aerobic or facultative, Gram-positive bacteria that belong to the order Actinomycetales. (doctor-dr.com)
  • Tetracyclines are used principally in the treatment of infections caused by susceptible Rickettsia, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, and a variety of uncommon gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. (antiinfectivemeds.com)
  • Because of the development of resistance, tetracyclines are rarely used for the treatment of infections caused by common gram-negative or gram-positive bacteria unless other appropriate anti-infectives are contraindicated or are ineffective and in vitro susceptibility tests indicate that the causative organisms are susceptible to the drugs. (antiinfectivemeds.com)
  • Chronic exertional comparment syndrome is typically relieved by ceasing the exercise activity, although persistent symptoms may indicate the need for medicine or surgery. (okhbot.com)
  • The arachnoid can become inflamed because of an irritation from chemicals, infection from bacteria or viruses, as the result of direct injury to the spine, chronic compression of spinal nerves, or complications from spinal surgery or other invasive spinal procedures. (the-medical-dictionary.com)
  • Pythons will typically show symptoms, while boas can hide infections for a year. (reptilehow.com)
  • Meanwhile, many bacteria and viruses are much smaller than 0.3 micron. (terrauniversal.com)
  • How Do HEPA Filters Capture Extremely Small Viruses and Bacteria? (terrauniversal.com)
  • There are multiple conditions that allow HEPA filters to better capture nanoparticulates and microscopic viruses or bacteria. (terrauniversal.com)
  • Another condition is that airborne viruses are typically propelled through the air via airborne droplets of a diameter between 10-100 µm . (terrauniversal.com)
  • The Leptospira spirochete bacteria is zoonotic, meaning that it can be transmitted from an infected animal to humans and other animals. (petmd.com)
  • Protection against most bacteria involves largely B cells and plasma cell production of antibodies, together with phagocytes (neutrophils and macrophages). (pocketdentistry.com)
  • An affected human often has recently had dental work, poor oral hygiene, periodontal disease, radiation therapy, or trauma (broken jaw) causing local tissue damage to the oral mucosa, all of which predispose the person to developing actinomycosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • These bacteria can cause infection when they invade tissues, typically due to a breach in the mucous membranes or following dental procedures, trauma, or aspiration of contaminated secretions. (thesecretsofmedicine.com)
  • Spirochetes are spiral or corkscrew-shaped bacteria which infiltrate the system by burrowing into the skin. (petmd.com)
  • These companion bacteria appear to act as copathogens that enhance the relatively low invasiveness of actinomycetes. (medscape.com)
  • Typically, these patients have a history of recent or remote bowel surgery (eg, perforated acute appendicitis, perforated colonic diverticulitis following trauma to the abdomen) or ingestion of foreign bodies (eg, chicken or fish bones), during which actinomycetes are introduced into the deep tissues. (medscape.com)
  • The life cycle of actinomycetes starts with the germination of spores that are released by the bacteria into the soil. (doctor-dr.com)
  • Infection typically spreads contiguously, frequently ignoring tissue planes and invading surrounding tissues or organs. (medscape.com)
  • Hematogenous dissemination to distant organs may occur in any stage of actinomycosis, whereas lymphatic dissemination is unusual. (medscape.com)
  • The extent to which this bacteria affects the organs will depend on your cat's immune system and its ability to eradicate the infection fully. (petmd.com)
  • Bacteria and the toxins they produce will build up in the blood and organs. (reptilehow.com)
  • Establishment of human infection may require the presence of such companion bacteria, which participate in the production of infection by elaborating a toxin or enzyme or by inhibiting host defenses. (medscape.com)
  • Actinomycosis in: Baron's Medical Microbiology (4th ed. (wikipedia.org)
  • HEPA filtration systems with far UV-C lamps are well known for rapidly antimicrobial properties against airborne-mediated microbial diseases and hard-to-kill or microbial resistant bacteria. (terrauniversal.com)
  • Typically, when our body is injured, the injured tissue does not receive the oxygen it needs to thrive, cells do not function properly and the bodily functions decline. (tier1tc.com)
  • Cats typically come into contact with the leptospira bacteria in infected soil or mud, from drinking or being in contaminated water, or from coming into contact with urine from an infected animal. (petmd.com)
  • They typically live in soil and can also be found in aquatic environments. (doctor-dr.com)
  • On the other hand, Nocardia has plenty of lipids in its cell wall, so it retains the carbon fuchsin, and it looks red under the microscope, making it an acid-fast bacteria. (osmosis.org)
  • It typically affects the lower extremities, but it can occur in almost any region of the body. (medscape.com)
  • To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of doxycycline hyclate capsules and other antibacterial drugs, doxycycline hyclate capsules should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by bacteria. (nih.gov)
  • Compared with healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP), it is less likely to involve multidrug-resistant bacteria. (pfmjournal.org)
  • Two of of the most commonly seen members of this subspecies are the L. grippotyphosa and L. Pomona bacteria. (petmd.com)
  • Specifically, they may be responsible for the early manifestations of actinomycosis and for treatment failures. (medscape.com)
  • Incidence of oral actinomycosis, which is harder to diagnose, has increased. (wikipedia.org)
  • Oral bacteria are diverse, but in the immunocompetent individual the interaction between the various complex competing microflora provides relative stability. (medscape.com)
  • Abnormal vaginal flora was found in 4.8% of cases, Candida albicans in 1.2%, Tri- chomonas vaginalis in 0.9% and actinomycosis in 1 case. (who.int)