Bacteria regulation genes bacterial. Medical search. Frequent questions

It will also provide an introduction into how understanding basic cellular processes can be used to understand the mechanisms by which antibiotics specifically inhibit certain bacteria and permit the identification of new targets for the development of novel antibiotics. (ncl.ac.uk)
The objective being to give an overview of the methods used in the discovery of molecular mechanisms used by model bacteria and the application of this in understanding the basic processes involved in bacterial growth and development in terms of regulation and biological function. (ncl.ac.uk)
Molecular mechanisms by which bacteria adapt to environmental change. (otago.ac.nz)
MICR 335 will provide a fundamental knowledge of the mechanisms that bacteria use to sense their environment and adapt their gene expression to optimise their growth and survival. (otago.ac.nz)
Carrier, M.-C., Lalaouna, D. & Massé, E. Broadening the definition of bacterial small RNAs: characteristics and mechanisms of action. (nature.com)
His work involves unraveling the intricate mechanisms governing how genes in bacteria are expressed, ultimately affecting the production of proteins. (uah.edu)
Research in the Paczkowski laboratory focuses on the mechanisms of regulation of quorum sensing (QS) in Gram-negative bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Vibrio cholerae , Aeromonas hydrophila , and Chromobacterium violaceum . (wadsworth.org)
Therefore, it is important to describe their mechanisms of actions, expression patterns and possible target genes and cellular pathways with which they interact. (mdpi.com)
The roles and mechanisms of sRNAs in bacteria currently comprise a very prominent topic in the field of biology, and many sRNAs have been extensively studied and characterized. (igem.org)
From an understanding of the molecular basis of host-pathogen interactions, students will be able to understand the diverse mechanisms bacteria use to cause disease, and how infectious diseases are spread. (edu.au)
Her research is focused on non-coding RNA-dependent molecular mechanisms of gene regulation at the bacteria/host interfaces and research and development of molecular diagnostics for Lyme disease. (lymediseaseassociation.org)
However, mechanisms by which toxins regulate gene expression have remained poorly understood. (bvsalud.org)
These downregulated genes are normally part of the host stress response mechanisms that protect the bacterium during conditions of acid stress and stationary phase transition. (lu.se)

We demonstrate the power of the method by uncovering several novel features of an iconic gene regulatory program: the induction of Escherichia coli 's lac operon in response to a switch from glucose to lactose. (nature.com)
Examples include the HU protein in Escherichia coli, a dimer of closely related alpha and beta chains and in other bacteria can be a dimer of identical chains. (wikipedia.org)
This bias is even more important when the essentiality of genes is taken into account, and essential genes distribution bias reaches 76% and 94% in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis respectively [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
This theme seems to be common in bacterial infection, because the Ipa-Mxi-Spa-like type III secretion systems were also down-regulated during mammalian cell infection by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Escherichia coli O157. (strath.ac.uk)
Cloned structural genes for the osmotically regulated binding-protein-dependent glycine betaine transport system (ProU) of Escherichia coli K-12. (microbiologyresearch.org)
To identify Escherichia coli genes potentially regulated by filamentous phage infection, we used oligonucleotide microarrays. (lu.se)

in these processes, bacterial DNA binding proteins have an architectural role, maintaining structural integrity as transcription, recombination, replication, or any other DNA-dependent process proceeds. (wikipedia.org)
H-NS is about 15.6 kDa and assists in the regulation of bacterial transcription in bacteria by repressing and activating certain genes. (wikipedia.org)
RafK carries a C-terminal regulatory domain present in a subset of ATP-binding proteins that has been involved in both direct regulation of transporter activity (inducer exclusion) and transcription of transporter genes. (lu.se)
Bacteria can respond to their environment using signal transduction pathways that lead to the regulation of sets of genes by transcription factors, Fisher says. (lehigh.edu)
Moreover, transcriptomic analyses have demonstrated that, in free-living bacteria, gene transcription levels and chromosomal organization are mutually influenced. (biomedcentral.com)
The asymmetry of the distribution of the genes between the two strands of DNA is explained as being a means of minimizing interruptions in gene transcription due to collisions between the DNA and RNA polymerases. (biomedcentral.com)
Gene organization in the bacterial chromosome has very well known effects on transcription and a standard example is the organization of genes into operons, which allows for a sophisticated regulation of gene expression [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Recently, synthetic biologists have been focusing on creating logic gates in bacteria by controlling gene expression at various levels: transcription, translation, and post-translational processes. (igem.org)
The involvement of viral DNA-binding proteins in the regulation of virulence genes, transcription, DNA replication, and repair make them significant targets. (mdpi.com)
that is, they inhibit the transcription of messenger RNA from their target genes. (proteopedia.org)
The analysis revealed altered transcription levels of 12 E. coli genes in response to phage infection, and the observed regulation of phage genes correlated with the known in vivo pattern of M13 mRNA species. (lu.se)
The significantly upregulated genes encode proteins involved in reactions of the energy-generating phosphotransferase system and transcription processing, which could be related to phage transcription. (lu.se)

The intro- duction and first chapter, The Bacterial Chromosome, Bacteria, 5th Edition are designed to provide a basic background in genet- ics. (cdc.gov)
Past genomic studies have comprehensively described the organization of the bacterial chromosome, for example in terms of gene localization, order and orientation. (biomedcentral.com)
This organization of the chromosome can be described as being an adaptive and functional tool, essential for the survival of the bacterial cell. (biomedcentral.com)
It has also been shown that neighbouring genes in a bacterial chromosome tend to be co-expressed, even if they are not in the same operon [ 10 ], suggesting the existence of a "supra-operonic" organization [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
They are encoded by separate but linked genes termed regulation of complement activation (RCA) genes, located on the q32 region of chromosome 1. (medscape.com)
Lateral gene transfers resulted in different linkages between the ospC gene and loci of the chromosome or other plasmids. (cdc.gov)

Histone-like proteins were unknown to be present in bacteria until similarities between eukaryotic histones and the HU-protein were noted, particularly because of the abundancy, basicity, and small size of both of the proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Currently, many more functions of bacteria DNA binding proteins have been discovered, including the regulation of gene expression by histone-like nucleoid-structuring protein, H-NS. (wikipedia.org)
HU is a small (10 kDa) bacterial DNA-binding protein, which structurally differs from a eukaryotic histone but functionally acts similarly to a histone by inducing negative supercoiling into circular DNA with the assistance of topoisomerase. (wikipedia.org)
Biofilms form when groups of bacteria cover themselves in a sticky mixture of sugars, protein, and DNA. (the-scientist.com)
Thus, our work demonstrates that APA links genetic variation to variation in gene expression, protein expression, and disease risk, and reveals uncharted modes of genetic regulation. (elifesciences.org)
Students can learn molecular diagnostic methods such as PCR, DNA finger-printing, gene mapping, and protein analysis. (hawaii.edu)
Bacterial genomics, regulation, and resistance - Bacteria are a powerful unicellular model system to investigate the fundamental relation between genomic sequence, gene and protein expression, dynamics of molecular pathways, and resultant phenotypes. (utsouthwestern.edu)
There, he chose to tackle what was, at the time, a little-known form of translational control: the regulation of ribosomal protein synthesis by the nascent polypeptide. (u-bordeaux.fr)
As this proposed catalytic water is cut off from the bulk solvent by the N-terminus of ribosomal protein L27 in bacteria, we are currently investigating a possible regulatory role for this protein during translation. (u-bordeaux.fr)
Conceptual parallels exist between bacterial and eukaryotic small-RNA (sRNA) pathways, yet relatively little is known about which protein may recognize and recruit bacterial sRNAs to interact with targets. (biomedcentral.com)
Inside the bacteria, a set of uniquely tailored enzymes (protein machines) facilitates each chemical reaction in a chain of essential metabolic events. (icr.org)
In particular this subject will examine the contribution of processes such as protein secretion and gene regulation to bacterial survival during infection of humans (i.e. pathogenesis). (edu.au)
These regulatory sequences do not code for any protein but rather plays a central role in the regulation of gene activity in the soy plant by either switching the genes on or switching them off. (gmo-safety.eu)
There will be involved gene engineering and molecular biology methods such as PCR, SDS-PAGE, qPCR, western blot, DNA-protein interaction assays, flow cytometry etc. (lu.se)
We show here that the staphylococcal phenol-soluble modulin (PSM) toxins have gene regulatory functions that, in particular, include inducing expression of their own transport system by direct interference with a GntR-type repressor protein. (bvsalud.org)
pp)pGpp induction resulted in the downregulation of many genes involved in protein and RNA/DNA metabolism. (nih.gov)
The course comprises molecular biology of genes, proteins, multicomponent protein complexes, and other biomolecules that provide structure and perform the organism's functions. (lu.se)
One of the few antigens against which mammals develop protective immunity is the highly polymorphic OspC protein, encoded by the ospC gene on the cp26 plasmid. (cdc.gov)
By means of DNA sequencing of a large sample collection of the pathogen from across the United States, we studied the gene for the bacterium's highly diverse OspC protein, protective immunity against which develops in animals. (cdc.gov)

Much is still not understood about how gene regulatory interactions control cell fate decisions in single cells, in part due to the difficulty of directly observing gene regulatory processes in vivo. (nature.com)
The dual-input Mother Machine (DIMM) chip enables controlled and continuous variation of external conditions, allowing direct observation of gene regulatory responses to changing conditions in single cells. (nature.com)
In spite of more than half a century of intense study since the discovery of the basic mechanism of gene regulation 1 , much remains to be understood about the ways in which gene regulatory interactions control cell fate decisions. (nature.com)
Second, measuring gene regulatory responses requires the ability to accurately control and vary environmental conditions. (nature.com)
Moreover, we interestingly found overlaps of pathways between renal fibrosis and skin fibrosis, such as GO:1901890-positive regulation of cell junction assembly, as well as common regulatory genes, such as CTGF, which is the key molecule regulating fibrogenesis. (frontiersin.org)
Like RafK, the presence of DLDH also activated the expression of raf operon genes, as DLDH-negative pneumococci showed a significantly decreased expression of aga and rafEFG, but DLDH did not regulate rafK or the putative regulatory genes rafR and rafS. (lu.se)
Small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) play key roles in modulating gene expression in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. (biomedcentral.com)
The new plant cell controls the activity of all the genes through the use of regulatory sequences. (gmo-safety.eu)
However, in the case of the roundup soy, plant cells often do not recognize the regulatory genes derived from bacterial cells. (gmo-safety.eu)
This means that when the regulatory sequences are introduced from the bacterium into the plant, the regulatory DNA has to be replaced with those that can be recognized by the plant. (gmo-safety.eu)
At the front of the bacterial EPSPS gene in the roundup, soy is the regulatory sequence that directs the plant to switch genes on or off. (gmo-safety.eu)
At the end of the EPSPS gene is another regulatory gene that directs the gene of interest to end. (gmo-safety.eu)
Another regulatory sequence that is introduced into the soy plant is the chloroplast transit peptide gene that is derived from a petunia. (gmo-safety.eu)
While toxins are primarily targets of gene regulation, such changes may be accomplished by regulatory functions of the toxins themselves. (bvsalud.org)
We found that specific members of a toxin family in the major human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus have evolved for gene regulatory purposes. (bvsalud.org)
Repressor proteins are coded for by regulatory genes. (proteopedia.org)
The lac repressor, and the group of genes it controls, which is called an operon , were the first such gene regulatory system to be discovered. (proteopedia.org)
Analyses of the ftnA, dps and psm genes in different regulatory mutants revealed that their (pp)pGpp-dependent regulation can occur independent of the regulators PerR, Fur, SarA or CodY. (nih.gov)
The complement system, interacting with its regulatory molecules and cellular receptors, plays a central role in the induction and regulation of immunity. (medscape.com)
Optimizing the parameters of the regulatory system allows us to quantify the fitness benefit of regulation. (lu.se)
INTRODUCTION broken, which in realistic situations can severly constrain the Transcriptional regulation of effector genes is a highly successful regulatory options. (lu.se)
In unicellular organisms like E. coli and yeast, the benefits of between potential cost and benefit, regulation can make the most a well-adapted regulatory system are readily quantified, as the difference to the long-term growth rate if the resource in question fitness of an individual can be estimated by its growth rate in is only available a similarly small fraction of the time. (lu.se)
Over evolutionary time scales, regulation must provide a fitness benefit that offsets the costs of maintaining the regulatory system. (lu.se)

We then performed a genomewide association study to map the genetic basis of variation in resistance to and tolerance of infection by the bacterium Providencia rettgeri. (datadryad.org)
Dissection of the global gene expression profile of the bacterium in its intracellular niche is essential to fully understand the biology of Shigella infection. (strath.ac.uk)
We have developed a novel series of calprotectin-based tools that enable us to study the impact of host-imposed metal starvation both in culture and during infection, and the strategies used by S. aureus and other bacteria to overcome nutritional immunity. (illinois.edu)
When toxins are produced during infection, the bacteria need to balance this energy-consuming task with other physiological processes. (bvsalud.org)
Our study gives mechanistic insight into how toxins may directly adjust bacterial physiology to times of toxin production during infection. (bvsalud.org)
The major H. pylori virulence factor that determines whether infection causes disease or asymptomatic colonization is the type IV secretion system (T4SS), a sort of molecular syringe that injects bacterial products into gastric epithelial cells and alters host cell physiology. (pacb.com)
People commonly use L. acidophilus for diarrhea from antibiotics, as well as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), overgrowth of bacteria in the vagina, and an infection caused by the bacteria Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). (medlineplus.gov)

Bacterial pathogens are a serious and growing threat to human health due to the continued emergence of antibiotic resistance, which limits our ability to treat infections. (illinois.edu)
2022 ) Gene Expression Regulation in Airway Pathogens: Importance for Otitis Media. (lu.se)
The virulence of many bacterial pathogens, including the important human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus, depends on the secretion of frequently large amounts of toxins. (bvsalud.org)
Encapsulated bacteria, most commonly Streptococcus pneumoniae, followed by Haemophilus influenzae type b and staphylococcal species, are the typical pathogens. (medscape.com)
Pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses and parasites, that cause disease in humans and animals may depend partially or entirely for their existence on other physical, chemical, or biological factors. (who.int)

Four of the Center's eight faculty research labs ( Kim , Lin , Reynolds , and Toprak ) are collectively working to elucidate and eventually program this molecular circuitry in the context of metabolic regulation and antibiotic resistance. (utsouthwestern.edu)
More and more, bacteria are finding ways around this approach, resulting in a huge antibiotic resistance problem. (wadsworth.org)
Loss of ybeY function, which results in a marked resistance to HU, had global affects on sRNA-mediated gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
24. Yet another alarming signal was China's detection last year, in animal and human samples, of a mechanism of drug resistance, involving the mcr-1 gene, that is easily transferred from one bacterial strain to others, including some with epidemic potential. (who.int)
This is an indication that the right size and correct sequence of the gene of interest were genetically engineered into the soy plant to confer resistance to herbicides. (gmo-safety.eu)
The issues that arise from the discovery and production of the GM roundup ready soy are mostly relevant to the potential transfer of the gene that confers antibiotic resistance from the GM soy foods to the gut of the bacteria. (gmo-safety.eu)
However, it is important to note that roundup ready GM soy does not contain the antibiotic resistance gene, but the only gene that could potentially be transferred to the human digestive system is the bacterial EPSPS gene. (gmo-safety.eu)
RNA-seq based identification and mutant validation of gene targets related to ethanol resistance in cyanobacterial Synechocystis sp. (biomedcentral.com)
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the top 10 global public health threats facing humanity, with a higher burden in sub-Saharan Africa, where 1.27 million deaths were directly attributable to bacterial resistance in 2019. (who.int)
Antimicrobial resistance occurs when bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites change over time and no longer respond to medicines, making infections harder to treat. (who.int)
Complete sequence of an IncFII plasmid harbouring the colistin resistance gene mcr-1 isolated from Belgian pig farms. (cdc.gov)
Multidrug resistant bacterial infections are an important public health problem, and we know that use of antibiotics in both humans and food-producing animals drives antimicrobial resistance. (cdc.gov)

Pneumococci lacking RafK showed a 50- to 80-fold reduction in expression of the raf operon genes aga (alpha-galactosidase) and rafEFG (raffinose substrate binding and permease genes), and both glucose and sucrose inhibited raffinose uptake through inducer exclusion. (lu.se)
Other bacterial sRNAs, referred to as cis -encoded sRNAs, are present in close proximity to their targets, such as upstream, opposite of the 5′ UTR of the target, or between two genes in an operon [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Our analysis showed that mRNA abundances, gene organization (operon) and gene essentiality are correlated in Buchnera (i.e., the most expressed genes are essential genes organized in operons) whereas no link between mRNA abundances and gene strand bias was found. (biomedcentral.com)
In the case of the lac operon of E. coli, a well-studied system for whether a gene is regulated. (lu.se)
Here, the function of regulation is quite clear: expressing energy and carbon, that a number around 0.2% would be the right genes at the right time will enable the cell to make the expected, and that the difference is more or less specific to the lac most of the resources within its reach, by maximizing the uptake operon [7]. (lu.se)

interpret current knowledge of how bacteria cause disease and formulate scientifically sound strategies to address issues in the diagnosis, treatment and/or prevention of bacterial infections. (edu.au)
Our group is interested in the research of clinically relevant bacterial species that mainly cause upper and lower airway infections and their interactions with the host. (lu.se)
Activation of the complement cascade always leads to the enzymatic cleavage of complement fraction C3, which is important in host defense to bacterial infections and phagocytosis. (medscape.com)
In 1952, Colonel Ogden Bruton noted the absence of immunoglobulins (Ig) in a boy with a history of pneumonia and other bacterial sinopulmonary infections. (medscape.com)
As Bruton originally described, XLA manifests as pneumonia and other bacterial sinopulmonary infections in 80% of cases. (medscape.com)

The evolution of bacteria has a lot in common with higher eukaryotes such as birds and bees, said Ákos Kovács , a microbiologist at the Technical University of Denmark. (the-scientist.com)
Thus, arrest peptides are used for metabolite-dependent gene regulation in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. (u-bordeaux.fr)
Like microRNAs (miRNAs) in eukaryotes, trans -acting bacterial sRNAs appear to recognize their targets by a seed-pairing mechanism using seeds as small as 6-7 nucleotides. (biomedcentral.com)
A comprehensive method for amplicon-based and metagenomic characterization of viruses, bacteria, and eukaryotes in freshwater samples. (cdc.gov)

Bacteria sense these microenvironments and adapt by up or down regulating the expression of certain genes to influence different cell processes. (the-scientist.com)
This interdependent aspect of the system activates certain genes at just the right time and for just the right durations for the cells to begin converting poisonous organic acids into solvents. (icr.org)

In contrast to the free-living, or planktonic, bacteria commonly studied in the lab, most prokaryotes in nature settle down in complex communities, often consisting of several interacting species. (the-scientist.com)
Bacillus subtilis is a really wonderful tool because we can do things like introduce point mutations directly within the bacteria itself, unlike many species of bacteria where introducing genetic changes can be incredibly difficult. (lehigh.edu)
All of the proteins and pathways that we're studying are used by this species, even though versions of them are also employed by many other bacterial species as well. (lehigh.edu)
QS is a process of bacterial cell-cell communication that controls virulence and biofilm formation in many bacterial species. (wadsworth.org)
Using QS as a model will allow us to understand long-standing questions in the field related to signal recognition preferences in single species and multi-species environments and the regulation of the interrelated signaling cascade that exists to coordinate behavior. (wadsworth.org)
Simple logic gates, such as AND, OR, NAND, and NOR gates, have been successfully created in bacteria, but more complex logic circuits are still waiting to be designed and implemented into bacterial species. (igem.org)
This often involves insertion of a gene of interest into living organisms depending on the species that you are working on. (gmo-safety.eu)
Genome-scale comparison of expanded gene families in Plasmodium ovale wallikeri and Plasmodium ovale curtisi with Plasmodium malariae and with other Plasmodium species. (cdc.gov)
Current estimates of the number of bacterial species range from 1 to 1000 million. (lu.se)

Genomic characterization predicted specific genomic islands highly associated with virulence, transcriptional regulation, and DNA restriction-modification systems. (frontiersin.org)
Activation of Btk results in a cascade of signaling events resulting in calcium mobilization and fluxes, cytoskeletal rearrangements, and transcriptional regulation involving nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). (medscape.com)
Transcriptional regulation of the genes in metabolic pathways is a highly successful strategy, which is virtually universal in microorganisms. (lu.se)
With a minimalist model of metabolism, cell growth and transcriptional regulation in a microorganism, we explore how the interaction between environmental conditions and gene regulation set the growth rate of cells in the phase of exponential growth. (lu.se)
Citation: Troein C, Ahre´n D, Krogh M, Peterson C (2007) Is Transcriptional Regulation of Metabolic Pathways an Optimal Strategy for Fitness? (lu.se)

2012. Regulation of antimicrobial peptide gene expression by nutrients and by-products of microbial metabolism. . (oregonstate.edu)
We identified 30 loci that predict tolerance, many of which are in genes involved in the regulation of immunity and metabolism. (datadryad.org)
Further genetic analyses provided hints that the metabolism of the bacterial symbionts is mainly directed towards the production of antibiotic substances necessary for the protection of the beewolves' offspring. (mpg.de)
This Special Issue of "Genes" seeks reviews and original papers covering a wide range of topics related to microRNA biology, such as regulation of expression in various disorders (cancer, metabolism, autoimmunity to mention but a few), genetics of microRNAs and their target sites, functional analysis of microRNA function and studies of interactions between microRNAs and target genes. (mdpi.com)
Sounds simple from a birds-eye view, but when top scientific minds try to make such a system, they discover that bacterial metabolism is far from simple. (icr.org)
University of Illinois Engineering News wrote, 'Researchers from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have, for the first time, uncovered the complex interdependence and orchestration of metabolic reactions, gene regulation, and environmental cues of clostridial metabolism. (icr.org)
The lactose ("lac") repressor controls the expression of bacterial enzymes involved in the metabolism of of the sugar lactose. (proteopedia.org)
A very natural place to study gene detecting and metabolizing lactose, it is known that the overall regulation is in the metabolism of the cell, and then specifically in effect of expressing the lac genes in vain is a drop in the growth rate the regulation of genes that code for enzymes and transporter of as much as 5% [1,6]. (lu.se)

Regulation of gene expression by proteins and small RNAs. (otago.ac.nz)
Our bacterial decoder will also involve the usage of small RNAs, or sRNAs. (igem.org)

To explore the common genes and pathogenic pathways among different fibrotic diseases, we collected all the reported genes of the eight fibrotic diseases: eye fibrosis, heart fibrosis, hepatic fibrosis, intestinal fibrosis, lung fibrosis, pancreas fibrosis, renal fibrosis, and skin fibrosis. (frontiersin.org)
The second main research area supported by the NIH funding will focus on enzymes involved in bacterial signal transduction pathways. (lehigh.edu)
No genes belonging to any known E. coli stress response pathways were scored as upregulated. (lu.se)
A number of studies have explored how regulation of generally, and at least to a first approximation, it is obvious that metabolic pathways affects the growth rate of microorganisms, gene regulation only is useful if the environmental conditions vary both in the steady state and in response to changes in the local with time. (lu.se)

DNA supercoiling and environmental regulation of gene expression in pathogenic bacteria. (microbiologyresearch.org)
We offer you to join our dynamic team and contribute to the research of pathogenic bacteria. (lu.se)

The implications of these data for growth and pathogenicity of bacteria in natural ecosystems, such as foods, are discussed. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Finally, we used gene knockout strains to validate the potential target genes related to ethanol tolerance. (biomedcentral.com)

The key S. flexneri virulence genes, ipa-mxi-spa and icsA, were drastically downregulated during intracellular growth. (strath.ac.uk)

There are several components involved in bacterial operons. (khanacademy.org)
New CodY independent transcriptional changes were detected including genes involved in the SOS response, iron storage (e.g. ftnA, dps), oxidative stress response (e.g., perR, katA, sodA) and the psmα1-4 and psmß1-2 operons coding for cytotoxic, phenol soluble modulins (PSMs). (nih.gov)

In our proposed project, you would investigate expression regulation in clinically significant bacterium non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi). (lu.se)

These protective substances are produced by symbiotic bacteria of the genus Streptomyces , which live in these insects. (mpg.de)
To protect their young from mold fungi in the warm and moist conditions in the soil, female beewolves secrete a substance from their antennae that contains symbiotic bacteria of the genus Streptomyces . (mpg.de)
While these observations were made on free-living bacteria, very few data exist on symbiotic bacteria characterized by reduced genomes, shaped by their adaptation to the host metabolic requirements and by their high evolution rate. (biomedcentral.com)

and in mediating adherence of opsonized bacteria, viruses, and immune complexes. (medscape.com)

Kovács's team has found that in populations of the soil bacterium Bacillus subtilis , most microbes assume responsibility for matrix production during early development when they are little more than a throng of unconnected cells. (the-scientist.com)
They plan to use the bacterium Bacillus subtilis as their model. (lehigh.edu)

A range of medically important bacteria will be discussed, with an emphasis on their ecology, pathogenesis and the pathobiology of the disease. (edu.au)
Meghan Lybecker obtained her Ph.D in the Division of Biological Sciences at the University of Montana in Missoula, MT, where she studied gene regulation and pathogenesis of Borrelia burgdorferi. (lymediseaseassociation.org)
Dr. Lybecker merged her research in bacterial pathogenesis and RNA biology as an Associate Professor at the University of Colorado Colorado Springs for seven years. (lymediseaseassociation.org)

By coupling advances in the basic science of bacterial physiology with new tools in deep learning, cell simulation, and bacterial genetics, we aim to transform the process of cellular engineering. (utsouthwestern.edu)
Our study presents a molecular mechanism of gene regulation by a bacterial toxin that adapts bacterial physiology to enhanced toxin production. (bvsalud.org)

This extracellular matrix glues bacteria to surfaces and serves as a slimy shield, protecting cells in the interior from predators and antibiotics. (the-scientist.com)
Antibiotics are meant to kill bacteria and certain fungi, but superbugs have evolved to survive them. (lehigh.edu)
The unresolved question why the antibiotics are also produced in the antennae of female beewolves and then released into the brood cells via secretion of a substance containing the bacteria and the antibiotic cocktail could not be answered. (mpg.de)
Current antibiotics work by interfering with bacterial growth, which is a fine game plan… until it stops working. (wadsworth.org)
25. That finding, which raised the spectre of bacteria that are resistant to nearly all antibiotics, has since been replicated in several other countries. (who.int)

Our project offers a unique opportunity for Master's student to gain hands-on experience focused on transcriptional regulators with importance in expression of genes of outer membrane proteins that are essential in host-pathogen interaction. (lu.se)

Besides smaller amounts of archaea, yeasts and protozoa, bacteria account for the majority of microorganisms in the intestines of rabbits. (researchgate.net)

Perhaps the lar Genetics of Bacteria goes back more than 24 years. (cdc.gov)
established an understanding of the principles underlying the genetics of bacteria. (lu.se)

Often driven by chemotaxis (i.e. biased migration in response to gradients of chemical effectors) and quorum sensing (i.e. number density dependent regulation of gene expression), bacterial population dynamics and emergent behavior play a key role in regulating their own life and their impact on their immediate environment. (vt.edu)
To bridge this gap, we have created and experimentally validated a scalable, computationally-efficient, agent-based model of bacterial chemotaxis and quorum sensing (QS) which robustly simulates the stochastic behavior of each cell across a wide range of bacterial populations, ranging from a few to several hundred cells. (vt.edu)

Gene regulation is one of the key processes that underlie the complex behavior of biological systems, allowing cells to adapt to varying environments, and allowing multi-cellular organisms to express a large number of phenotypically distinct cell types from a single genotype. (nature.com)
By amplifying random fluctuations in cellular reactions, individual bacteria specialize into distinct roles. (the-scientist.com)
This course integrates information into the context of regulation of cellular function. (charlotte.edu)
Ten of the 12 host genes affected could be grouped into 3 different categories based on cellular function, suggesting a coordinated response. (lu.se)

Epigenetic analysis revealed a specific N 6 -methyl adenine (m 6 A) methylating pattern including methylation of alginate, flagellar and quorum sensing associated genes. (frontiersin.org)

Comparison with the gene expression of intracellular Salmonella serovar Typhimurium, which resides within the Salmonella-containing vacuole, indicated that S. flexneri is exposed to oxidative stress in U937 cells. (strath.ac.uk)
The expression of central genes of the oxidative stress response protects the bacteria from anticipated ROS stress derived from PSMs or exogenous sources. (nih.gov)

HU-type proteins have been found in a variety of bacteria (including cyanobacteria) and archaea, and are also encoded in the chloroplast genome of some algae. (wikipedia.org)

Upon further investigation, it was discovered that the amino acid composition of HU resembles that of eukaryotic histones, thus prompting further research into the exact function of bacterial DNA binding proteins and discoveries of other related proteins in bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
Holmqvist, E. & Vogel, J. RNA-binding proteins in bacteria. (nature.com)

The interpretation of the content of a research paper is to assess the student's knowledge of the subject and their analytical skills and capacity to evaluate experimental data and to understand how bacteria underpin research in molecular microbiology. (ncl.ac.uk)
Learning how bacteria correctly interpret these blends of AIs and elicit appropriate gene expression responses is essential to understand how bacteria communicate, and, more globally, to understand how all organisms decode environmental stimuli. (wadsworth.org)
We use a combination of bacterial genetics, biochemistry, structural biology, and chemical biology to understand how bacteria respond appropriately to signals in a complex environment. (wadsworth.org)

The etiological agent is the obligate intracellular bacteria Lawsonia intracellularis. (slu.se)

A limited study had indicated that in Sinorhizobium meliloti the YbeY ortholog regulates the accumulation of sRNAs as well as the target mRNAs, raising the possibility that YbeY may play a previously unrecognized role in bacterial sRNA regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
More than half a century ago, Heukelekian and Heller [6] showed that at low nutrient concentrations substrate plays an important role in bacterial multiplication. (who.int)

It has been suggested that many such proteins from bacteria might be possible new drug targets, but at a molecular level many of them still remain mysterious. (lehigh.edu)
In bacteria, numerous sRNAs that range in size from ~50-300 nucleotides in length act on independently transcribed mRNA targets. (biomedcentral.com)
The most extensively characterized class of bacterial sRNAs are the trans -encoded sRNAs that are encoded distant from the genes for their mRNA targets and that typically have only limited complementarity (10-30 nt) [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Gaining a deeper insight into how sRNAs recognize and interact with their targets is crucial to understanding the mechanism of sRNA action and function in bacteria at a molecular level. (biomedcentral.com)
Each repressor targets a specific co-regulated group of genes by recognizing a specific sequence of DNA, called the operator in bacteria . (proteopedia.org)
The analysis provided a list of gene targets for engineering ethanol tolerance in cyanobacterium Synechocystis . (biomedcentral.com)

2014. Regulation of the human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide gene by 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in primary immune cells. . (oregonstate.edu)
2014. Synergistic induction of human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide gene expression by vitamin D and stilbenoids. . (oregonstate.edu)
2013. Curcumin induces human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide gene expression through a vitamin D receptor-independent pathway. . (oregonstate.edu)

C/EBPα and the Vitamin D Receptor Cooperate in the Regulation of Cathelicidin in Lung Epithelial Cells. (oregonstate.edu)

Second, while methods such as flow cytometry, smFISH, and single-cell RNA-seq provide snapshots of gene expression distributions across single cells (see e.g. refs. (nature.com)
This module provides an up to date understanding of how fundamental research in bacterial cell biology helps to elucidate central biological questions such as the control and regulation of cell division and of gene expression in bacteria. (ncl.ac.uk)
The lecture sequence will comprise of a module introduction followed by lectures on specific aspects of bacterial cell biology. (ncl.ac.uk)
It turns out that tiny machines compare the acidity inside the cell to that outside the cell, and protocols communicate that information to other machines that manage its genes. (icr.org)
The bacteria experienced restricted levels of iron, magnesium, and phosphate in both host cell types, as shown by up-regulation of the sitABCD system, the mgtA gene, and genes of the phoBR regulon. (strath.ac.uk)
It has been suggested that the uptake of bacteria could be a type of receptor mediated endocytosis and that the massive proliferation is the result of a bacterial regulation of cell differentiation- and/or apoptosis genes. (slu.se)
they use fewer cell resources, and they turn genes on or off more quickly. (igem.org)
The role of this gene is to direct the soy plant cell to transport the bacterial EPSPS gene into the chloroplast of the plant cell. (gmo-safety.eu)
The results showed that ethanol exposure induced genes involved in common stress responses, transporting and cell envelope modification. (biomedcentral.com)
Similarly, expression of CagY in the absence of other T4SS genes was necessary and sufficient for whole bacterial cell binding to a5ß1 integrin. (pacb.com)
Here we found that these recombination events produce parallel changes in specific binding to a5ß1 integrin, a host cell receptor that is essential for T4SS-dependent translocation of bacterial effectors. (pacb.com)

Many essential biochemical processes in bacteria are poorly understood," Fisher explains. (lehigh.edu)
be able to describe molecular genetic processes in bacteria. (lu.se)

In a new study in PNAS, researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology and the University of Mainz, together with an international team, showed that these beneficial bacteria are losing genetic material that is no longer needed. (mpg.de)

Physiological and genetics responses of bacteria to osmotic stress. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Toxin production involves the need for the bacteria to make physiological adjustments for energy conservation. (bvsalud.org)

We calculated the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment scores of all fibrotic disease genes. (frontiersin.org)
These labs are joined by our UTSW Distinguished Fellow, Scott Saunders , who develops revolutionary technology for editing bacterial genomes with unprecedented efficiency to accelerate experimentation. (utsouthwestern.edu)
Indeed, bacterial genomes carry, on average, from 78% (for genomes containing the polymerase PolC) to 58% (for the other genomes) of their genes on the leading strand [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

In molecular biology, bacterial DNA binding proteins are a family of small, usually basic proteins of about 90 residues that bind DNA and are known as histone-like proteins. (wikipedia.org)
To provide students with the opportunity to be exposed to the current state of understanding of the molecular biology of bacteria. (lu.se)

This new grant will fund Fisher's lab to pursue two primary research directions to shed light on bacterial biochemistry: investigating how these organisms regulate uptake of the essential trace element copper and how different members of a family of bacterial enzymes each catalyze distinct chemical reactions. (lehigh.edu)
Thus, is seems that beewolves even have control over antibiotic production and are able to self-regulate the benefits provided by their bacterial partners in order to optimize the protection of their offspring. (mpg.de)
Some sRNAs positively regulate a gene by binding to a folded mRNA and revealing the RBS. (igem.org)
sRNAs are very short transcripts of RNA (usually ~100 base pairs in E. coli ) that are used in bacteria to positively or negatively regulate genes at the translational level by binding to the mRNA of the gene and either occluding the ribosomal binding site (RBS) and preventing ribosome binding or recruiting nucleases to degrade the mRNA. (igem.org)

We're hoping that we can take what we learned in this really nice model system and use that information to understand more about how similar processes work in pathogenic bacterial strains. (lehigh.edu)
Over time, OspC genes were transferred between strains through recombinations involving the whole or parts of the gene and one or both flanks. (cdc.gov)

We discovered that ArcZ directly base-pairs with the mRNA encoding HexA, which represses the expression of specialized metabolite gene clusters. (nature.com)

CagY-dependent regulation of type IV secretion in Helicobacter pylori is associated with alterations in integrin binding. (pacb.com)

Each year, about 2.8 million people in the U.S. are infected with antibiotic-resistant bacteria or fungi, resulting in over 48,000 deaths. (lehigh.edu)

repair, regulation, and genomic analysis. (cdc.gov)
Genomic studies on bacteria have clearly shown the existence of chromosomal organization as regards, for example, to gene localization, order and orientation. (biomedcentral.com)
Using an oligonucleotide-based microarray, we normalized the transcriptomic data by genomic DNA signals in order to have access to inter-gene comparison data. (biomedcentral.com)

as model bacteria for pathogen evolution. (cdc.gov)

We found that the distributions and frequencies of types of OspC genes differed between populations of B. burgdorferi in the Northeast, the Midwest, and California. (cdc.gov)

The most common approach in such studies is to grow cells on a surface while tracking gene expression and growth using quantitative fluorescence time-lapse microscopy (QFTM). (nature.com)

The highly conserved bacterial YbeY RNase has structural similarities to the MID domain of AGOs. (biomedcentral.com)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2801.211628 studied and understood bacteria. (cdc.gov)
The Green Center brings together both approaches with scientific synergy to apply axioms of molecular circuitry understood through bacteria to cancer metastasis. (utsouthwestern.edu)
However, it has remained poorly understood how toxins can impact gene expression to trigger such adaptations. (bvsalud.org)

His research explores how this "factory" can get jammed and its impact on bacterial survival, unveiling a fundamental biological process. (uah.edu)
The effect of Buchnera genome evolution on gene expression levels has also been analysed in order to assess the constraints imposed by the obligate symbiosis with aphids, underlining the importance of some gene sets for the survival of the two partners. (biomedcentral.com)

Computational models that accurately and robustly describe bacterial population behavior and response to environmental stimuli are crucial to both understanding the dynamics of microbial communities and efficiently utilizing engineered microbes in practice. (vt.edu)

We wondered whether the long-term association with the host has resulted in changes in the symbiont's genome or shaped gene regulation and metabolic interactions between the beewolf and its bacterial partners," explains Mario Sandoval-Calderón, one of the first authors of the study, the motivation for this study. (mpg.de)
Bioengineers modeled three interdependent aspects of a metabolic system that bacteria use to thrive in ever-changing environments, revealing an underlying array of interrelated parts that they described as 'underappreciated. (icr.org)
A second metabolic system saves the bacteria from these potentially lethal byproducts by reconfiguring them. (icr.org)

Since bacterial binding proteins have a diversity of functions, it has been difficult to develop a common function for all of them. (wikipedia.org)
One week after weaning the rabbit's intestines are almost functionally mature, although the bacterial diversity can still change. (researchgate.net)
2019). We continuously monitored the marked fluctuation of bacterial diversity and relative abundances after the pandas were 1.5 years old and the bacterial community stabilized when pandas had adapted to a specialized bamboo diet after they were 2 years old, differing from those of Zhang et al. (researchgate.net)

Anatomy16

Organisms96

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs44

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment22

Phenomena and Processes63

Disciplines and Occupations6

Technology, Industry, Agriculture4

Information Science4

Health Care18

Geographicals1

Mechanisms13

Escherichia6

Transcription12

Chromosome6

Protein19

Regulatory23

Infection7

Pathogens5

Resistance12

Operon5

Infections5

Eukaryotes4

Certain genes2

Species9

Transcriptional regulation5

Metabolism8

RNAs2

Pathways4

Pathogenic bacteria2

Pathogenicity of bacteria1

Target genes1

Virulence genes1

Operons2

Expression Regulation1

Symbiotic bacteria3

Viruses1

Bacillus2

Pathogenesis3

Physiology2

Antibiotics5

Outer membrane proteins1

Microorganisms1

Genetics of Bacteria2

Chemotaxis2

Cellular4

Quorum1

Oxidative stress2

Archaea1

Proteins in bacteria2

Understand how bacteria3

Intracellular1

Role in bacterial2

Targets6

Antimicrobial3

Epithelial Cells1

Cell11

Processes in bacteria2

Genetic1

Physiological2

Genomes3

Biology2

Regulate4

Strains2

MRNA1

Secretion1

Fungi1

Genomic3

Model bacteria1

Populations1

Tracking gene expression1

Structural1

Understood3

Survival2

Microbial1

Metabolic3

Diversity3