• Important clinical infections caused by Enterococcus include urinary tract infections (see Enterococcus faecalis), bacteremia, bacterial endocarditis, diverticulitis, meningitis, and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Transfer of Streptococcus faecalis and Streptococcus faecium to the genus Enterococcus nom. (wikipedia.org)
  • rev. as Enterococcus faecalis comb. (wikipedia.org)
  • The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant, livestock-associated Enterococcus faecalis represents a public health concern. (bvsalud.org)
  • Here, we report the isolation, molecular detection of virulence and antimicrobial resistance determinants, in addition to the phylogenetic analyses of 20 Enterococcus species using whole genome sequencing analysis of 15 Enterococcus faecalis strains including six strains of three novel sequence types, three Enterococcus faecium and two Enterococcus durans. (bvsalud.org)
  • Plasmid replicons were detected in seven E. faecalis and three E. faecium isolates. (bvsalud.org)
  • The detection of multiple drug-resistance in Enterococcus including E. faecalis and E. faecium highlights the significance of genomic surveillance to monitor the spread of antimicrobial resistance in food chain animals. (bvsalud.org)
  • In addition, the genome sequences of Enterococcus strains reported in the present study will serve as a reference point for future molecular epidemiological studies of livestock-associated and antibiotic-resistant E. faecalis in Africa. (bvsalud.org)
  • In addition, this study enables the in-depth analysis of E. faecalis genomic structure, as well as provides valuable information on the phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance, and the pathogenesis of livestock-associated E. faecalis and E. faecium. (bvsalud.org)
  • Enterococcus faecalis and E faecium can cause a variety of infections including cystitis, pyelonephritis and catheter-associated UTI, endocarditis, and mixed-organism infections of the abdomen and pelvis. (medscape.com)
  • Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium are the most prevalent species cultured from humans, accounting for more than 90% of clinical isolates. (medscape.com)
  • [ 1 ] Enterococcus faecalis is more virulent or pathogenic, but E faecium is responsible for most of the vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) infections. (medscape.com)
  • It appears that combining various beta-lactam antibiotics with daptomycin may result in synergy against vancomycin-resistant E faecalis and E faecium . (medscape.com)
  • This rise was predominantly due to E. faecium , but E. faecalis accounted for 11% of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) bacteraemias in the UK and Ireland (UK&I) between 2001 and 2013 ( http://www.bsacsurv.org ). (nature.com)
  • Sixty-five microorganisms were isolated, among which 56.9% were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, 26.2% were Gram-negative bacilli, 7.7% were Enterococcus faecalis, and 6.2% were Candida parapsilosis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Thereafter, their antimicrobial properties against Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Staphylococcus aureus (clinical and reference strains) were analyzed in the dark and after exposure to visible light (VIS). (bvsalud.org)
  • It is believed to provide a higher correlation than fecal coliform with many of the human pathogens often found in city sewage. (wikipedia.org)
  • BACKGROUND: Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are among the most common causative pathogens for nosocomial infections worldwide. (bvsalud.org)
  • Enterococci have both an intrinsic and acquired resistance to antibiotics, making them important nosocomial pathogens. (medscape.com)
  • Acinetobacter baumannii , a Gram-negative coccobacillus, is an important global nosocomial pathogen species that causes infections such as bacteremia, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, wound infections, and meningitis in critically immunocompromised patients in intensive care units (ICUs) [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Enterococci are facultative anaerobic organisms, i.e., they are capable of cellular respiration in both oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor environments. (wikipedia.org)
  • Enterococcus species are facultative anaerobic organisms that can survive temperatures of 60°C for short periods and that grow in high salt concentrations. (medscape.com)
  • New epidemiological evidence has shown that enterococci are major infectious agent in chronic bacterial prostatitis. (wikipedia.org)
  • This study adds a further scary dimension to biofilms - mutations can occur that make these chemically tolerant bacterial communities resistant to all antibiotics. (bioquell.com)
  • Developing NGAs that undermine the structural configuration of bacterial biofilms could be a potential method. (amis-childrenshome.org)
  • However, considering the type and location of the infection, their potential ability to send planktonic cells and aggregates into the microenvironment, facilitating bacterial dissemination to different sites of infection or triggering bacteremia, should be considered. (amis-childrenshome.org)
  • During bacterial infections involving biofilms, most of the existing antibiotics can kill the susceptible, planktonic bacterial population present in various body sites. (databasefootball.com)
  • A step forward has been performed regarding colonization with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) allowing the identification of a bacterial consortium restoring colonization resistance to VRE [ 7 ]. (springeropen.com)
  • Dual antibiotic therapy with a cell-wall active agent plus a synergistic agent is necessary when treating endocarditis or meningitis due to enterococci. (medscape.com)
  • Some studies find that monotherapy is adequate treatment in many patients with enterococcal bacteremia without evidence of endocarditis. (medscape.com)
  • CONCLUSION: Dogs should be regarded as a reservoir of E. faecium that carries vancomycin resistance and virulence determinants that may affect public health in Egypt, considering a "One Health" task force approach to restrict their spread. (bvsalud.org)
  • Several genes isolated from resistant enterococci ( agg, gelE, ace, cylLLS, esp, cpd, fsrB ) encode virulence factors such as the production of gelatinase and hemolysin, adherence to caco-2 and hep-2 cells, and capacity for biofilm formation. (medscape.com)
  • Extracellular enzymes such as the sporulation-specific extracellular nuclease (NucB), pyocyanin demethylase (PodA), and deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) cause forced cellular dispersal from biofilms into the environment in an antimicrobial-sensitive planktonic form. (amis-childrenshome.org)
  • Vancomycin is the first-line antimicrobial drug for enterococci with high-level resistance to ampicillin or for patients with penicillin allergy. (nature.com)
  • Antimicrobial treatment of infections by Enterococcus spp. (analesdepediatria.org)
  • Un 40% de esos trabajos han sido publicados en revistas del primer cuartil entre las que destacan New England Journal of Medicine, Lancet, Lancet Infectious Diseases, Clinical Infectious Diseases, Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Journal Clinical Microbiology, Journal Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Mayo Clinic Proceedings y Malaria Journal. (unav.edu)
  • In the last two decades, particularly virulent strains of Enterococcus that are resistant to vancomycin (vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, or VRE) have emerged in nosocomial infections of hospitalized patients, especially in the US. (wikipedia.org)
  • [ 1 ] E faecium is responsible for most vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) infections. (medscape.com)
  • Combining a cell wall-active agent such as ampicillin or vancomycin with an aminoglycoside may result in synergistic bactericidal activity against enterococci. (medscape.com)
  • VRE, particularly E faecium strains, are frequently resistant to all antibiotics that are effective treatment for vancomycin-susceptible enterococci, which leaves clinicians treating VRE infections with limited therapeutic options. (medscape.com)
  • citation needed] Members of the genus Enterococcus (from Greek έντερο, éntero, "intestine" and κοκκος, coccos, "granule") were classified as group D Streptococcus until 1984, when genomic DNA analysis indicated a separate genus classification would be appropriate. (wikipedia.org)
  • 2002). The Enterococci: Pathogenesis, Molecular Biology, and Antibiotic Resistance. (wikipedia.org)
  • The investigators genetically characterised the VRE isolate and found that the genome and plasmid makeup of the bacteria contained multiple antibiotic resistance systems and particularly a mutation in a gene called relA. (bioquell.com)
  • Enterococci are part of the normal intestinal flora of humans and animals.The genus Enterococcus includes more than 17 species, although only a few cause clinical infections in humans. (medscape.com)
  • Translocation can cause systemic infections (such as bacteremia or sepsis), local infections (such as peritonitis or abscesses) or chronic inflammation (such as inflammatory bowel disease or rheumatoid arthritis). (stemcelldaily.com)
  • En casos severos, puede culminar en sepsis, con un aumento constante de casos en Brasil. (bvsalud.org)
  • Enterococci are gram-positive cocci that often occur in pairs (diplococci) or short chains, and are difficult to distinguish from streptococci on physical characteristics alone. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the laboratory, enterococci are distinguished by their morphologic appearance on Gram stain and culture (gram-positive cocci that grow in chains) and their ability to (1) hydrolyze esculin in the presence of bile, (2) their growth in 6.5% sodium chloride, (3) their hydrolysis of pyrrolidonyl arylamidase and leucine aminopeptidase, and (4) their reaction with group D antiserum. (medscape.com)
  • The resistance of biofilm-growing bacteria to antibiotics does not involve any genetic changes but is only a phenotypic adaptation. (databasefootball.com)
  • Enterococcus strains were isolated on bile aesculin azide agar, followed by identification using MALDI-TOF MS analysis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Thus, an ideal new antibacterial agent, in addition to its activity on drug-resistant strains of bacteria, should also be capable of killing bacteria in biofilms. (databasefootball.com)
  • In summary the relA mutation conferred a disadvantage in the bacteria's ability to form a biofilm, but the biofilm that did form was highly resistant to antibiotics. (bioquell.com)
  • E faecium is more likely to be resistant to commonly used antibiotics such as ampicillin. (medscape.com)
  • Isolation of enterococci resistant to multiple antibiotics has become increasingly common in the hospital setting. (medscape.com)
  • [ 4 ] Clonal spread is the dominant factor in the dissemination of multidrug-resistant enterococci in North America and Europe. (medscape.com)
  • [ 37 , 38 ] Combining various antibiotics with daptomycin may restore the effectiveness of daptomycin against enterococci that have become resistant to it. (medscape.com)
  • In clinical settings, biofilms are often found growing on various medical devices such as catheters implanted in patients. (databasefootball.com)
  • En mayo de 2007 obtuve el Certificate of Training in Molecular Biological Techniques en el Department of Molecular Biology y desde Junio de 2008 a Junio de 2009 completé el Certificate in Clinical Research en el Center for Translational Science Activities en Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester Minnesota. (unav.edu)
  • Published in January's edition of mBIO (American Society for Microbiology) the research findings came about due to an extremely difficult case of bacteraemia in a 6 week old girl being treated for leukaemia. (bioquell.com)
  • The biofilm-associated infections caused by even drug-sensitive bacteria are very difficult to treat, and patients tend to have recurrent infections [2]. (databasefootball.com)
  • A team from St Jude's Hospital in Memphis, Tennessee have identified a genetic mutation within a VRE bacteria that appears to confer wide ranging antibiotic tolerance, particularly in a biofilm presentation. (bioquell.com)
  • Antisera-based methods have also been demonstrated to enhance deoxyribonuclease-induced biofilm destruction and antibiotic killing, as well as boost macrophages' ability to fight bacteria. (amis-childrenshome.org)
  • These structures are called biofilms and are thought to resemble the physiological state in which bacteria grow in many natural environments. (databasefootball.com)
  • Importantly, bacteria are capable of forming biofilms in infected human tissues. (databasefootball.com)
  • The surviving bacteria from biofilms can spread to various organs causing a relapse of disease. (databasefootball.com)
  • The recalcitrance of bacteria in biofilms has been attributed to the impermeable nature of the biofilm matrix and to the presence of non-growing or very slowly-growing populations of bacteria called persisters. (databasefootball.com)
  • Background and objectives: bacteremia is defined from the presence of bacteria in the bloodstream. (bvsalud.org)
  • In biofilms, extracellular deoxyribonucleic acid (eDNA) serves as a structural template within the extracellular matrix and could control aggregation and adherence to host tissues. (amis-childrenshome.org)
  • Though they are not capable of forming spores, enterococci are tolerant of a wide range of environmental conditions: extreme temperature (10-45 °C), pH (4.6-9.9), and high sodium chloride concentrations. (wikipedia.org)
  • Extracellular polysaccharides secreted by cells are important matrix constituents, contributing to biofilm formation and persistence. (amis-childrenshome.org)
  • In 2004, measurement of enterococci took the place of fecal coliforms as the new USA federal standard for water quality at public saltwater beaches and alongside Escherichia coli at freshwater beaches. (wikipedia.org)
  • RESULTS: All ten fecal samples were identified as E. faecium and confirmed by PCR. (bvsalud.org)
  • Enterococci are part of the normal intestinal flora of humans and animals. (medscape.com)
  • Enterococci are able to form biofilm in the prostate gland, making their eradication difficult. (wikipedia.org)
  • Biofilms are present within the hospital environment and due to their protective matrix of extracellular polymeric substances pose a significant challenge to elimination by chemical disinfectants. (bioquell.com)
  • Lebreton F, Manson AL, Saavedra JT, Straub TJ, Earl AM, Gilmore MS (2017) Tracing the Enterococci from Paleozoic origins to the hospital. (wikipedia.org)