AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesInformation ScienceNamed GroupsHealth Care
VancomycinBacteremiaVancomycin ResistanceAnti-Bacterial AgentsStaphylococcal InfectionsTeicoplaninMicrobial Sensitivity TestsStaphylococcus aureusGram-Positive Bacterial InfectionsEnterococcusDaptomycinMethicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureusMethicillin ResistanceOxazolidinonesAcetamidesSepsisEndocarditis, BacterialGram-Negative Bacterial InfectionsEnterococcus faeciumCross InfectionGlycopeptidesDrug Resistance, MicrobialEnterococcus faecalisStaphylococcus epidermidisGentamicinsGram-Positive BacteriaStaphylococcusDrug Resistance, BacterialCatheters, IndwellingBloodAminoglycosidesCarbon-Oxygen LigasesColony Count, MicrobialCatheterization, Central VenousNafcillinMethicillinClostridium difficileCefazolinEnterocolitis, PseudomembranousStreptococcal InfectionsGram-Negative BacteriaDrug Therapy, CombinationPenicillin ResistanceAnti-Infective AgentsCoagulaseRetrospective StudiesOxacillinAntibiotic ProphylaxisCatheter-Related InfectionsClostridium InfectionsBacterial ProteinsStreptococcus pneumoniaePenicillinsPneumococcal InfectionsGram-Positive CocciElectrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-FieldCommunity-Acquired InfectionsMeningitis, PneumococcalTreatment OutcomeCephalosporinsActinomycetales InfectionsHospitals, UniversityCulture MediaBacterial InfectionsRifampinStreptococcusEndocarditisViridans StreptococciPneumonia, StaphylococcalDNA, BacterialFeverBacteriological TechniquesEscherichia coli InfectionsCiprofloxacinPeptidoglycanNeutropeniaProspective StudiesCellulitisSkin Diseases, BacterialBacteriabeta-LactamsKlebsiella InfectionsOsteomyelitisEnterobacteriaceae InfectionsAmpicillinLysostaphinProsthesis-Related InfectionsPeritonitisClindamycinPseudomonas InfectionsCeftriaxoneTime FactorsCloxacillinCell WallBiofilmsStreptococcaceaeMinocyclineMicrobial ViabilityBacteria, AnaerobicInfant, Newborn
EnterococcusStaphylococcusInfectionsMRSAEndocarditisDaptomycinIsolatesResistantAntibioticsSepsisEnterococciInfectionGentamicinAmpicillinLinezolidFaecalisPediatric patientsMonotherapyAureusAntibioticClinicalStreptococcusHospitalResistanceTrimethoprim-sulfamethoxazoleOrganismMeningitisPathogenOutcomesIncidenceClostridiumTreatmentObservational studyBacteriaMethodsTeicoplaninConcentrations1999Trough concentrationCritically ill patientsPenicillinPositive blood culturesUrinaryAntimicrobialsGram-negativeDiagnosis
Enterococcus16
Staphylococcus22
Infections40
  • To better elucidate this, a retrospective cohort study was conducted among patients with MRSA bloodstream infections who were treated with vancomycin between January 2005 and May 2007. (wustl.edu)
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae , or pneumococcus, is an encapsulated Gram-positive bacterium that is the major cause of bacteremia and upper respiratory infections (eg, otitis media and sinusitis) in children and a common cause of serious invasive infections. (medscape.com)
  • Severe infections, predominantly meningitis, occur in fewer than 6% of pneumococcal occult bacteremia cases-a figure that is much lower than the 50% reported with meningococcal bacteremia and the 20% reported with H influenza . (medscape.com)
  • Attributable cost of catheter-associated bloodstream infections among intensive care patients in a nonteaching hospital. (cdc.gov)
  • Clinical and economic outcomes in critically ill patients with nosocomial catheter-related bloodstream infections. (cdc.gov)
  • Comparison of Oligon catheters and chlorhexidine-impregnated sponges with standard multilumen central venous catheters for prevention of associated colonization and infections in intensive care unit patients: a multicenter, randomized, controlled study. (cdc.gov)
  • Pharmacists across practice settings can play an important role in preventing the emergence of VRE and treating patients with established VRE infections. (uspharmacist.com)
  • Historically, isolates resistant to oxacillin (commonly referred to as MRSA) were resistant to most agents other than vancomycin, but these isolates were limited to nosocomial infections. (medscape.com)
  • As such, patients with serious staphylococcal infections should be initially started on agents active against MRSA until susceptibility results are available. (medscape.com)
  • [ 52 ] .The results of such testing are often delayed .Because of these drawbacks and the availability of less nephrotoxic and more effective alternatives , vancomycin has a very limited role in treating staphylococcal infections. (medscape.com)
  • Quinupristin-dalfopristin has been shown to be effective in the management of documented severe infections caused by vancomycin-resistant E. faecium , nosocomial pneumonia, and infections related to the use of intravascular catheters. (aafp.org)
  • 3 When resistance has emerged during the treatment of vancomycin-resistant E. faecium infections, it has been to both components of the formulation. (aafp.org)
  • In clinical practice, combination therapy with a cell wall-active agent and a synergistic aminoglycoside should be considered for treating serious enterococcal infections in critically ill patients and in those with evidence of sepsis , as well as in patients with endocarditis, meningitis, osteomyelitis, or joint infections. (medscape.com)
  • Vancomycin should be used in patients with a penicillin allergy or infections with strains that have high-level penicillin resistance due to altered PBPs. (medscape.com)
  • However, the multi-center study shows that young patients have high rates of complications that increase significantly each day infections linger untreated, highlighting the urgent need for effective intervention. (childrensnational.org)
  • In adults, MRSA infections that reach the bloodstream are responsible for numerous complications and fatalities, killing 10 percent to 30 percent of patients. (childrensnational.org)
  • In the new study, published May 5 in Pediatrics , Dr. Hamdy and colleagues studied the outcomes of children with MRSA bacteremia, or blood infections, in patients younger than 18 from three large, regional children's hospitals. (childrensnational.org)
  • Using the pediatric patients' electronic health records, the researchers extracted epidemiological and outcomes data, such as how many patients died, had infections that were not adequately controlled or developed complications from their infections. (childrensnational.org)
  • Their results showed that only 2 percent of pediatric patients died from their infections. (childrensnational.org)
  • Unlike adults, whose risk of treatment failure was greatest with low concentration of vancomycin or infections in the heart, pediatric patients most likely to experience treatment failure had MRSA infections in their muscles, bones or blood vessels, or concurrent critical illnesses. (childrensnational.org)
  • Future studies should pinpoint exact concentrations of vancomycin we should achieve in children so that the medicine clears infections effectively without causing additional harm. (childrensnational.org)
  • Patients with complicated infections, including suspected necrotizing fasciitis and gangrene, require empiric polymicrobial antibiotic coverage, inpatient treatment, and surgical consultation for debridement. (aafp.org)
  • They represent about 15% of all nosocomial infections and affect approximately 1% of all hospitalized patients [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The severely immune-compromised patient is prone to fungal as well as bacterial blood stream infections. (hindawi.com)
  • This increase poses important problems, including a) the lack of available antimicrobial therapy for VRE infections, because most VRE are also resistant to drugs previously used to treat such infections (e.g., aminoglycosides and ampicillin), and b) the possibility that the vancomycin-resistant genes present in VRE can be transferred to other gram-positive microorganisms (e.g. (cdc.gov)
  • Because enterococci can be found in the normal gastrointestinal and female genital tracts, most enterococcal infections have been attributed to endogenous sources within the individual patient. (cdc.gov)
  • However, recent reports of outbreaks and endemic infections caused by enterococci, including VRE, have indicated that patient-to-patient transmission of the microorganisms can occur either through direct contact or through indirect contact via a) the hands of personnel or b) contaminated patient-care equipment or environmental surfaces. (cdc.gov)
  • From 1989 through 1993, the percentage of nosocomial enterococcal infections reported to CDC's National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) system that were caused by vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) increased from 0.3% to 7.9% (1). (cdc.gov)
  • This overall increase primarily reflected the 34-fold increase in the percentage of VRE infections in patients in intensive-care units (ICUs) (i.e., from 0.4% to 13.6%), although a trend toward an increased percentage of VRE infections in non-ICU patients also was noted (1). (cdc.gov)
  • Vancomycin resistance in enterococci has coincided with the increasing incidence of high-level enterococcal resistance to penicillin and aminoglycosides, thus presenting a challenge for physicians who treat patients who have infections caused by these microorganisms (1,4). (cdc.gov)
  • Results for the primary efficacy outcomes were consistent in key subgroups including in patients with MSSA or MRSA bloodstream infections at baseline, and in various categories of underlying conditions such as skin and skin structure infections, abdominal abscesses, chronic dialysis, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, definite right-sided infective endocarditis and in patients with persistent SAB. (basilea.com)
  • That year, the cost of this antibiotic amounted US antibiotic for Gram-positive bacterial infections, soft $162,312.0 a figure that represented 3.6% of the total tissue infections, endocarditis, and bacterial bacteremia pharmaceutical expenditure of the INTO. (bvsalud.org)
  • People who treated with these antibiotics for long periods, those with a history of hospitalization or surgical procedures, patients with indwelling medical devices, immunocompromised patients, and those with underlying diseases are at higher risk of infections with MDR-Enterococci. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In more seriously ill patients, enterococcal infections have been associated with higher risk of treatment failure and mortality. (medscape.com)
  • Respiratory tract infections can develop, especially in older debilitated patients who are receiving tube feedings. (medscape.com)
  • Redfern J , Wasilko S, Groth M, McMillian W, Bartlett C. Surgical Site Infections in Patients with Type III Open Fractures: Comparing Antibiotic Prophylaxis with Cefazolin plus Gentamicin versus Piperacillin/Tazobactam. (uvmhealth.org)
  • For complicated infections, identification most appropriately should be based on C&S in order to identify the target, to detect resistance and to design the dosing regimen for the patient. (vin.com)
  • as the most common organism causing BEE especially among patients with hepatobiliary infections. (annals.edu.sg)
  • Kollef MH, Sherman G, Ward S, Fraser VJ: Inadequate antimicrobial treatment of infections: A risk factor for hospital mortality among critically ill patients. (karger.com)
  • Ibrahim EH, Sherman G, Ward S, et al: The influence of inadequate antimicrobial treatment of bloodstream infections on patient outcomes in the ICU setting. (karger.com)
MRSA17
  • Methods: Patients with MRSA bacteraemia who were prescribed either vancomycin or teicoplanin between 2003 and 2008 were classified. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • or=10 days on vancomycin therapy, or a recurrence of MRSA bacteremia within 60 days of vancomycin discontinuation. (wustl.edu)
  • Alternative anti-MRSA therapies should be considered for these patients. (wustl.edu)
  • isolates with an increased minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to vancomycin are becoming more common and include both MRSA and MSSA. (medscape.com)
  • In a study of 296 consecutive MRSA bacteremia episodes, several factors were predictive of high vancomycin MIC, including age older than 50 years, prior vancomycin exposure, history of MRSA bacteremia, history of chronic liver disease, and presence of a nontunneled catheter. (medscape.com)
  • In a small study (40 subjects) with MRSA bacteremia, the combination of ceftaroline plus daptomycin was found to have lower in-hospital mortality rate as compared to vancomycin or daptomycin monotherapy. (medscape.com)
  • 3) MRSA-vancomycin MICs at a cutoff of 2 µg/mL obtained using Vitek II exhibited a higher sensitivity level and negative predictive value than those obtained using E -test in the prediction of categorical agreement with standard broth microdilution. (peerj.com)
  • These 232 patients were hospitalized at centers in Philadelphia, Baltimore and Salt Lake City from 2007 to 2014, after having positive blood cultures for MRSA. (childrensnational.org)
  • Adult patients with end-stage renal disease on a stable thrice-weekly hemodialysis regimen, confirmed VRE or MRSA bacteremia, and at least three doses of inpatient daptomycin therapy were enrolled in the study. (butler.edu)
  • With persistent MRSA bacteremia despite "appropriate" vancomycin therapy, should the antibiotics be changed? (jwatch.org)
  • The MRSA bacteremia won't go away despite "therapeutic" vancomycin -- what to do with the antibiotics? (jwatch.org)
  • Valve replacement is indicated in this patient because of multiple causes (DBT, MRSA, etc. (jwatch.org)
  • From my very personal experience, patients with persistent MRSA bacteremia who had experienced vancomycin treatment failure would not respond to daptomycin either. (jwatch.org)
  • For these patients with persistent MRSA bacteremia, you may need to contact the lab. (jwatch.org)
  • MRSA bacteremia were successfully eradicated. (jwatch.org)
  • Overall, 57% of the patients with MRSA were male. (canada.ca)
  • A total of 6,435 (38%) patients were thought to have had an MRSA infection. (canada.ca)
Endocarditis9
  • [ 42 , 43 ] S aureus endocarditis may require a prolonged course of antibiotics, although recent studies suggest it may be possible to switch many patients with endocarditis or complicated bacteremia to oral therapy after an initial course of 10 to 14 days of IV antimicrobial therapy. (medscape.com)
  • Some studies find that monotherapy is adequate treatment in many patients with enterococcal bacteremia without evidence of endocarditis. (medscape.com)
  • Combination therapy with a cell wall-active agent (eg, ampicillin, vancomycin) and an aminoglycoside (eg, gentamicin, streptomycin) has long been regarded as the standard of care for E faecalis native valve endocarditis. (medscape.com)
  • Keerty D, Yacoub AT, Nguyen TC, Haynes E, Greene J. First Case of Infective Endocarditis With Streptococcus equinus in an Immunocompetent Patient in North America: A Case Report and Review of Literature. (moffitt.org)
  • In 2014, 1,500 doses of daptomycin were dispensed coccus and for the treatment of S. aureus bacteremia at the National Institute of Orthopedic Surgery (INTO) due to infectious endocarditis (Sakoulas, 2009). (bvsalud.org)
  • Enterococcal endocarditis usually occurs in older patients, particularly men. (medscape.com)
  • Vancomycin-resistant E faecium is more likely to cause endocarditis than other VRE species, especially cases acquired nosocomially. (medscape.com)
  • We found 12 cases that were 6 % of total endocarditis, and 7% of enterococcal bacteremia. (isciii.es)
  • The causative organism of endocarditis was E. faecalis in 10 patients and E. faecium in 2. (isciii.es)
Daptomycin16
  • Daptomycin for injection is not recommended in pediatric patients younger than one year of age due to the risk of potential effects on muscular, neuromuscular, and/or nervous systems (either peripheral and/or central) observed in neonatal dogs. (nih.gov)
  • We screened the Nebraska Transposon Mutant Library of 1920 single-gene inactivations in S. aureus strain JE2, for increased susceptibility to the anti-staphylococcal antimicrobials (ciprofloxacin, oxacillin, linezolid, fosfomycin, daptomycin, mupirocin, vancomycin, and gentamicin). (frontiersin.org)
  • [ 55 ] The addition of daptomycin to cefazolin or cloxacillin did not result in improved outcomes in patients with MSSA bacteremia. (medscape.com)
  • It appears that combining various beta-lactam antibiotics with daptomycin may result in synergy against vancomycin-resistant E faecalis and E faecium . (medscape.com)
  • Daptomycin retains potency against antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive bacteria, including isolates resistant to methicillin, vancomycin, and linezolid. (globalrph.com)
  • The aim of this study is to determine if thrice-weekly dosing of daptomycin is equivalent to dosing every 48 hours in patients receiving chronic intermittent hemodialysis. (butler.edu)
  • All patients with positive blood cultures who received at least one dose of daptomycin between January 1st 2009 and December 31st 2010 at Indiana University Health Methodist and University Hospitals were identified. (butler.edu)
  • Nine received daptomycin every 48 hours for the treatment of bacteremia, and three received daptomycin thrice-weekly after dialysis. (butler.edu)
  • Thrice-weekly dosing of daptomycin may be effective for the treatment of bacteremia in hemodialysis patients. (butler.edu)
  • 390 patients were randomized to ceftobiprole or daptomycin, with or without intravenous aztreonam for coverage of Gram-negative pathogens, for up to 42 days of treatment. (basilea.com)
  • Patient characteristics in the 387 patients included in the modified intent-to-treat (mITT) population were balanced between the ceftobiprole and daptomycin treatment groups. (basilea.com)
  • Emergence of resistance under treatment was observed in three patients on daptomycin. (basilea.com)
  • To evaluate the clinical outcomes of daptomycin therapy and adherence to treatment recommendations, a retrospective cohort study was conducted with patients that received daptomycin during the period of the study. (bvsalud.org)
  • Most patients (86.5%) received daptomycin as the second line of treatment, and 51.9% achieved clinical success. (bvsalud.org)
  • A recent meta-analysis based on thirteen as its high price, a study was carried out to describe all randomized controlled trials comparing daptomycin the patients that received daptomycin while admitted to with other antimicrobials (e.g., vancomycin, teicoplanin, this orthopedic research hospital. (bvsalud.org)
  • The MIC of daptomycin would increase after vancomycin treatment. (jwatch.org)
Isolates7
  • According to data from the National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance System (1989 to 1993), 1 the percentage of nosocomial enterococcal isolates that are resistant to vancomycin (Vancocin) has increased from 0.3 percent to 8 percent. (aafp.org)
  • Even more strikingly, the percentage of vancomycin-resistant enterococcal isolates in intensive care units has increased from 0.4 percent to almost 14 percent. (aafp.org)
  • In addition, this enhanced dose would deal with the relative resistance of enterococcal isolates that have been previously exposed to vancomycin. (medscape.com)
  • Resistance to vancomycin, ampicillin, and rifampicin was higher among E. faecium , but resistance to ciprofloxacin was higher in E. faecalis isolates. (biomedcentral.com)
  • While the homology of the isolates was low among different patients during hospitalization, identical (9%) and similar (21%) RAPD-PCR patterns were detected between pairs of isolates from each patient. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Leuconostoc isolates, like pediococci, are uniformly resistant to vancomycin and other glycopeptides. (oncohemakey.com)
  • 0001). Vancomycin was active towards all Corynebacterium isolates, whereas resistance towards penicillin G was common. (lu.se)
Resistant9
  • Although some species are inherently resistant to vancomycin, they are far less common than species that acquire resistance through transfer of genetic material. (uspharmacist.com)
  • Each of the three main lineages contained a mixture of vancomycin-resistant and -susceptible E. faecalis (VSEfs), which has important implications for infection control and antibiotic stewardship. (nature.com)
  • Currently, multidrug resistant bacteria, residing in ecological niches in hospitals, present therapeutic challenges when they manifest as bacteremias [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Since 1989, a rapid increase in the incidence of infection and colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) has been reported by U.S. hospitals. (cdc.gov)
  • The increased length of hospital stay was correlated with the carriage of resistant strains to vancomycin, ampicillin, and ciprofloxacin. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Blot S, Vandewoude K, De Bacquer D, Colardyn F: Nosocomial bacteremia caused by antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacteria in critically ill patients: Clinical outcome and length of hospitalization. (karger.com)
  • Immunocompromised patients and those treated with vancomycin, to which leuconostocs are intrinsically resistant, may have gastrointestinal colonization with these organisms. (oncohemakey.com)
  • Clinicians in Pacific island nations are increasingly challenged by patients who have infection due to antimicrobial- resistant bacteria. (who.int)
  • Contamination of stream and tank water with en- of resistant pathogens should inform standard treatment teric bacteria, including Salmonella Typhi, is documented guidelines that are developed in the Pacific region. (who.int)
Antibiotics16
  • Three major factors have been associated with C. tertium bacteremia: intestinal mucosal injury, neutropenia, and history of exposure to β-lactam antibiotics (particularly third generation cephalosporins). (wikipedia.org)
  • The selection effect of antibiotics on C. tertium may occur in cases where patients have had prior exposure to β-lactam antibiotics. (wikipedia.org)
  • 5,6 Additional risk factors include prolonged stay in a hospital or healthcare facility, presence of invasive devices such as bladder catheters, and exposure to certain antibiotics, such as vancomycin, third-generation cephalosporins, and antianaerobic agents. (uspharmacist.com)
  • Avoid antibiotics and wound cultures in emergency department patients with uncomplicated skin and soft tissue abscesses after successful incision and drainage and with adequate medical follow-up. (aafp.org)
  • Aims To perform a pharmaco-economic analysis of prescribing alternative antibiotics in patients with a diagnostic label of 'penicillin allergy' and assess whether collation of information from a structured history and liaison with the family physician could reduce costs. (bmj.com)
  • Total cost of antibiotics prescribed for patients with penicillin allergy was 1.82-2.58-fold higher than for first-line antibiotics. (bmj.com)
  • Total acquisition cost of second-line antibiotics is higher than if these patients were prescribed first-line antibiotics. (bmj.com)
  • There is paucity of data relating to pharmaco-economic analysis, and a Danish study reported that acquisition of alternative antibiotics for a patient allergic to penicillin is 2.3-fold higher. (bmj.com)
  • The main objective of this study was to prospectively evaluate patients with a diagnostic label of penicillin allergy by obtaining a structured clinical history (from the patient and their family physician) and to clinically ascertain the likelihood of hypersensitivity and to evaluate downstream financial cost of prescribing non-penicillin-related antibiotics. (bmj.com)
  • A daily report was generated from the EP system that listed all wards and all patients on antibiotics across three acute-care hospitals that formed HoEFT. (bmj.com)
  • As shown in our internal preclinical data and subject to further clinical trials, ALS-4 can be potentially used on a standalone basis or in combination with existing antibiotics (for example, vancomycin) with the aim to reduce mortality and morbidity of the infected patients especially in severe cases. (businesswire.com)
  • Consider administering antibiotics with antienterococcal activity to immunocompromised patients at high risk for bacteremia, patients with peritonitis and valvular heart disease, patients with severe sepsis of abdominal origin who have recently received broad-spectrum antibiotics, and patients with persistent intra-abdominal fluid collections without clinical improvement. (medscape.com)
  • In many Pacific island nations, antibiotic use during results are decision-making support tools that enable health-care attendances is high, and common antibiot- clinicians to prescribe appropriate antibiotics for patients. (who.int)
  • Khomeini Hospital was reviewed to identify patients who had nosocomial bacteraemia between 1 May 1999 and 31 May 2001 and identify the pathogen responsible and its resisitance to antibiotics. (who.int)
  • When the Gram stain is negative and there are no crystals apparent, it may be reasonable to withhold antibiotics and treat for a crystalline arthritis, unless there is a significant potential source of bacteremia such as a urinary tract infection or the patient exhibits significant systemic deterioration. (medscape.com)
  • Additionally to analgesics, anti-inflammatories and antibiotics, used to combat pain, inflammation and infection, respectively, dentists can still make use of anxiolytics, in cases of patients very fearful to endodontic treatment. (bvsalud.org)
Sepsis3
  • It has also been increasingly recognized as an important cause of sepsis in immunocompromised patients. (wikipedia.org)
  • Combined biomarkers discriminate a low likelihood of bacterial infection among surgical intensive care unit patients with suspected sepsis. (cdc.gov)
  • Only one patient died from bacteremia with sepsis directly related to IPD. (chula.ac.th)
Enterococci2
  • Vancomycin is the first-line antimicrobial drug for enterococci with high-level resistance to ampicillin or for patients with penicillin allergy. (nature.com)
  • Polymicrobial bacteremias including enterococci and other bowel flora should increase the index of suspicion for an intra-abdominal source. (medscape.com)
Infection33
  • A total of 37 patients were enrolled-26 with E. faecium infection and 11 with E. faecalis infection . (bvsalud.org)
  • Almost all reported cases of C. tertium bacteremia have been in neutropenic patients without any obvious source of infection. (wikipedia.org)
  • Because of the extremely low yield, blood cultures are no longer routinely warranted in children aged 3-36 months who have no obvious source of infection, and empiric treatment of occult bacteremia is no longer appropriate. (medscape.com)
  • For patients with focal infection and pneumococcal bacteremia, treatment of the focal infection and monitoring for improvement are standard. (medscape.com)
  • For outpatients with proven pneumococcal bacteremia, reevaluation of their clinical status and identification of any new focus of infection is essential. (medscape.com)
  • 1,2 The effective management and prevention of VRE requires appropriate antimicrobial selection and aggressive infection-control measures, and pharmacists across healthcare settings play a significant role in optimal patient care. (uspharmacist.com)
  • Surveillance cultures to detect colonization are obtained by rectal swabs or stool cultures, and although some facilities may require screening of all patients, selective screening is frequently performed on patients who are at higher risk for developing an infection. (uspharmacist.com)
  • VRE colony counts are similar in the stools of colonized and infected patients, so diagnosis of infection requires additional clinical assessment and culture techniques, as discussed below. (uspharmacist.com)
  • Whether or not colonization leads to infection depends largely on the health of the patient. (uspharmacist.com)
  • Immunocompromised patients with hematologic malignancies or recent recipients of solid-organ transplants are often at highest risk for VRE colonization and infection. (uspharmacist.com)
  • [ 48 ] Clindamycin decreased the repeat infection rate in one study of patients receiving incision and drainage for small skin abscesses compared with placebo trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. (medscape.com)
  • Intraabdominal infection: differences in presentation and outcome between younger patients and the elderly. (bmj.com)
  • Gesiotto Q, Cheema A, Avaiya K, Shah B, Greene J. COVID-19 Virus Infection in Three Patients With Hypogammaglobulinemia. (moffitt.org)
  • Management is determined by the severity and location of the infection and by patient comorbidities. (aafp.org)
  • An increased risk for VRE infection and colonization has been associated with previous vancomycin and/or multiantimicrobial therapy, severe underlying disease or immunosuppression, and intraabdominal surgery. (cdc.gov)
  • This report presents recommendations of the Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee for preventing and controlling the spread of vancomycin resistance, with a special focus on VRE. (cdc.gov)
  • however, certain patient populations are at increased risk for VRE infection or colonization. (cdc.gov)
  • Many reports have documented the increasing impact of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Antibiotic exposure within 3 months prior to the study ( P = 0.004), hospitalization within 1 month prior to the study ( P = 0.025), systemic use of steroids ( P = 0.002) and active cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection ( P = 0.001) were higher in CDI than non-CDI patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • UC patients with C. difficile and CMV co-infection had more severe colonoscopic features. (biomedcentral.com)
  • CMV infection was an independent risk factor of CDI in patients with UC. (biomedcentral.com)
  • C. difficile infection (CDI) has become a particular problem for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). (biomedcentral.com)
  • One patient had an eye eviscerated, and 2 patients passed away from their systemic infection. (annals.edu.sg)
  • One (6.7%) patient (Patient 10) had septicaemia without any localising foci of infection despite extensive investigations. (annals.edu.sg)
  • Of these, 4 patients (26.7%) had culture-proven sources of extra-ocular infection (Patients 3, 6, 9 and 13). (annals.edu.sg)
  • Infection was associated with bacteremia in 13% of the patients. (canada.ca)
  • As cited in a clinical bulletin from the American College of Cardiology (ACC), in case reports of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection in China the mortality rate was approximately _____ in patients with comorbid cardiovascular disease (CVD). (the-hospitalist.org)
  • There were 25 patients with bacteremia with or without localized infection and 46 patients with pneumonia. (chula.ac.th)
  • However, the use of medicines for systemic use is a great auxiliary in combating pain, inflammation and/or infection, making easier to treat the clinical status, that patient experiences less pain. (bvsalud.org)
  • Although endodontic treatment should be view from a surgical perspective, because local therapy must be firstly instituted, many clinical situations require the use of systemic drugs to act on problems coming from the treatment sequence, such as: inflammatory reaction, pain, and infection that provide more comfort and safety to patient 5 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Of 50 episodes with monomicrobial E. faecalis bacteremia the control blood culture after 48 to 72 hours was positive in 5 episodes (10%) of which 4 had a complicated focal infection. (lu.se)
  • Median TTP was compared between patients grouped based on age, sex, comorbidity, site of acquisition, and focus of infection. (lu.se)
  • Recommended antibiotic regimens for treatment of intraamniotic infection are ampicillin and gentamicin , cefazolin and gentamicin, or clindamycin or vancomycin and gentamicin. (medscape.com)
Gentamicin2
  • Gentamicin has always generated concern because of its significant rates of nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and vestibular toxicity, especially among older patients. (medscape.com)
  • The most frequently used antimicrobial therapy was the combination of ampicillin plus gentamicin (8 patients). (isciii.es)
Ampicillin1
Linezolid3
  • However, if the time to positivity remained stable, I tried to use linezolid plus rifampicin for 3-4 patients. (jwatch.org)
  • Linospan (Linezolid tablets) is containdicated in patients with a hypersensitivity to Linezolid or to any of the inactive ingredients present in Linospan tablets. (clearskypharmacy.biz)
  • Linezolid tablets should not be used in patients taking any medicine which inhibits monoamine oxidases A or B (e.g., phenelzine) or within two weeks of taking any such medicinal product. (clearskypharmacy.biz)
Faecalis3
  • We prospectively investigate the incidence of persistent bacteremia with E. faecalis. (lu.se)
  • This retrospective observational study of medical records included adults diagnosed with monomicrobial E. faecalis bacteremia between 2015 and 2018 in the Skåne region (Sweden). (lu.se)
  • Three hundred sixty-seven episodes with monomicrobial E. faecalis bacteremia with the corresponding TTP were identified. (lu.se)
Pediatric patients5
  • Recommended dosage is for pediatric patients (1 to 17 years of age) with normal renal function. (nih.gov)
  • Dosage adjustment for pediatric patients with renal impairment has not been established. (nih.gov)
  • Do not use in conjunction with ReadyMED ® elastomeric infusion pumps in adult and pediatric patients. (nih.gov)
  • The recommended dosage is 10 mg/kg oral every 8 hours for Pediatric Patients and 600 mg oral every 12 hours for adult and adolescents aged 12 years and older. (clearskypharmacy.biz)
  • Methods: A retrospective study was conducted among pediatric patients with IPD from 2008 -2017. (chula.ac.th)
Monotherapy3
  • All the patients treated with monotherapy had severe complications, that led to death in 2 of them. (isciii.es)
  • Each injection might constitute either a monotherapy or combination of either vancomycin, amikacin, and/or ceftazidime. (annals.edu.sg)
  • Leibovici L, Paul M, Poznanski O, et al: Monotherapy versus beta-lactam-aminoglycoside combination treatment for gram-negative bacteremia: A prospective, observational study. (karger.com)
Aureus1
Antibiotic4
  • Clostridium tertium bacteremia can cause fever, and directed antibiotic therapy is indicated. (wikipedia.org)
  • 2) Physicians should incorporate this information and consider a complementary test to verify the appropriateness of the decision of shifting vancomycin to second-line antibiotic treatment to improve patients' prognosis. (peerj.com)
  • An important predictor of morbidity and mortality in adults is the blood concentrations of vancomycin, the antibiotic of choice to treat this condition. (childrensnational.org)
  • Antibiotic resistance of corynebacteria is relatively common but resistance towards vancomycin could not be detected in vitro. (lu.se)
Clinical9
  • UNMC prepares medical degree students to meet the needs of patients through clinical practice, biomedical science and research, problem-solving and compassion. (unmc.edu)
  • Our curriculum produces physicians whose foundation in basic, clinical, and health systems sciences prepare them to promote health and reduce patient suffering. (unmc.edu)
  • The actual increase in the incidence of VRE in U.S. hospitals might be greater than reported because the fully automated methods used in many clinical laboratories cannot consistently detect vancomycin resistance, especially moderate vancomycin resistance (as manifested in the VanB phenotype) (9-11). (cdc.gov)
  • The adherence and nonadherence to clinical guidelines were assessed through organism identification, dose and time of treatment, management of bacteremia, and vancomycin treatment failure. (bvsalud.org)
  • The study demonstrated lower clinical success than that described in the literature because of patients who were not eligible according to the clinical guidelines. (bvsalud.org)
  • We conducted a retrospective study to determine the incidence, clinical characteristics, risk factors and prognosis of CDI in patients with UC. (biomedcentral.com)
  • CDI in UC patients was diagnosed by clinical symptoms and positive CDAB test, and each case was matched with CDAB-negative patients in a 1:2 ratio. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Objectives: This study aimed to describe rates of DRSP and clinical outcomes of patients with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). (chula.ac.th)
  • Clinical symptoms and signs in patients are onto chocolate agar, blood agar and eosin not sufficiently reliable to predict bacter- methylene blue agar plates. (who.int)
Streptococcus1
Hospital7
  • A hospital-related BSI would deem to have occurred after a patient has completed ≥48 h of stay in the hospital or has a central line for 48 h or more [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Patients admitted to Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust (HoEFT) between 6 November 2012 and 27 February 2013, with a diagnostic label of 'penicillin allergy', were identified using the hospital electronic prescribing (EP) system. (bmj.com)
  • ie, costs to prevent one in-hospital death) was calculated by comparing differences in direct healthcare costs and in-hospital mortality of patients treated with SDD versus SOD. (bmj.com)
  • Fast turnaround times development of a simple and sensitive University, Egypt and the management for positive results, defined as definitive near-patient tool for the molecular de- board of the hospital. (who.int)
  • We studied patients with UC, hospitalized between January 2010 and December 2015 in a tertiary hospital in China. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition to daily visual examination, and other organisms likely to inhabit the blood subcultures are performed 6 to 12 hospital environment and the gastrointesti- hours after the first incubation on well- nal tracts of hospitalized patients [ 4,5 ]. (who.int)
  • All-cause mortality at 90 days after platform entry determined through a search of hospital databases for a record of a participant's death, or follow-up contact with the participant's community healthcare provider, or follow-up contact with the patient or their nominated carer, or linkage with death registries. (who.int)
Resistance3
  • Plasmid-mediated gene complexes confer high-level resistance to vancomycin and are often used as targets for molecular detection of VRE. (uspharmacist.com)
  • Figure 4: Mapping variation in the vancomycin resistance transposon. (nature.com)
  • Bacteriological profile and drug resistance patterns tend to be peculiar to an institute that is dealing with a special category of patients. (hindawi.com)
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole1
Organism2
  • This organism is now the second most common pathogen in children with identified bacteremia. (medscape.com)
  • For example, in the "test tube", the organism is exposed to the same conditions, including drug concentrations throughout the incubation period, a situation which does not occur in the patient. (vin.com)
Meningitis1
  • The identification of patients at risk for bacteremia and the formulation of strategies to prevent secondary complications (eg, meningitis, pneumonia, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis , and cellulitis) remain important aspects of general pediatric practice. (medscape.com)
Pathogen1
  • Clostridium tertium was initially isolated from war wounds by Captain Herbert Henry (RAMC) in 1917, but it was not until the first human cases of C. tertium bacteremia were reported in 1963 that it was recognized as a human pathogen. (wikipedia.org)
Outcomes3
  • Renaud B, Brun-Buisson C. Outcomes of primary and catheter-related bacteremia. (cdc.gov)
  • Future studies to determine the best vancomycin dose, duration and approach for monitoring concentrations, they write, could help optimize patient outcomes. (childrensnational.org)
  • In bacteremia, data are most persuasive that appropriate and timely therapy significantly influences outcomes. (karger.com)
Incidence4
  • Rapid infusion of infliximab biosimilars and the incidence and severity of infusion related reactions in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. (uvmhealth.org)
  • Do Proton Pump Inhibitors Increase the Incidence of Nosocomial Pneumonia and Related Infectious Complications When Compared with Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonists in Critically ill Trauma Patients? (uvmhealth.org)
  • This allowed us to conduct this retrospective study to assess the incidence and risk factors for CDI in patients with UC. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We also collected the blood culture results positive for Klebsiella pneumoniae over the study period to review the incidence of EE among patients with Klebsiella bacteraemia. (annals.edu.sg)
Clostridium1
  • Resolution of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in patients with cancer treated with fidaxomicin or vancomycin. (uchicago.edu)
Treatment12
  • Therefore, we investigated whether vancomycin concentration targets such as the trough level and ratio of the area under the curve to minimum inhibitory concentration ( AUC /MIC) are associated with the treatment outcome in enterococcal bacteremia . (bvsalud.org)
  • Physicians and researchers work close together to provide innovative treatment options for patients. (moffitt.org)
  • The epidemiology, mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease in adult patients with HIV. (moffitt.org)
  • Overall, about one-third of children experienced treatment failure, defined by bacteremia that persisted longer than three days, a recurrence of bacteremia within 30 days after the start of treatment or death from this condition. (childrensnational.org)
  • Vancomycin concentrations appeared to have little bearing on treatment failure in children, the authors write. (childrensnational.org)
  • Immunocompromised patients require early treatment and antimicrobial coverage for possible atypical organisms. (aafp.org)
  • Blood cultures seldom change treatment and are not required in healthy immunocompetent patients with SSTIs. (aafp.org)
  • Patients who commence treatment on the parenteral formulation may be switched to oral presentation when clinically indicated. (com.bd)
  • We recruited patients with confirmed diagnosis of UC, in accordance with the Concensus on Diagnosis and Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2012), [ 10 ] and positive testing for C. difficile toxin. (biomedcentral.com)
  • About 3% of patients discontinued treatment because they experienced a drug-related adverse event. (clearskypharmacy.biz)
  • Patients have avoided seeking treatment of a variety of diseases out of fear of contracting the viruse from a variety of healthcare settings. (medscape.com)
  • According to Leonardo and Leal (1998) 10 , the cornerstone of endodontic treatment auxiliary therapy is the correct diagnosis of the pathology itself, from which and based on pharmacological knowledge, one can use the drugs available to treat the patient. (bvsalud.org)
Observational study1
  • A retrospective, case-control, observational study was performed in patients with UC. (biomedcentral.com)
Bacteria1
  • Advances in medical science have resulted in increased interventions in critically ill patients creating foci from where bacteria can gain access to the blood stream resulting in an increase nosocomial BSI. (hindawi.com)
Methods1
  • The FDA approval of three CGRP mAbs in 2018 provided the ideal natural experiment to assess how the introduction of these medications, and a fourth in 2020, affected the generally stable migraine preventive medications market.METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort analysis using the aggregated de-identified data of 6595 patients. (stanford.edu)
Teicoplanin4
Concentrations3
19991
  • RÉSUMÉ Lors d'une étude rétrospective sur deux ans, la base de données du laboratoire de microbiologie de l'hôpital Imam Khomeini a été examinée pour identifier les patients qui avaient eu une bactériémie noso- comiale entre le 1er mai 1999 et le 31 mai 2001 et déterminer les agents pathogènes responsables et leur résistance aux antibiotiques. (who.int)
Trough concentration1
  • They remain positive even though the MIC to vancomycin is 1.0 and the trough concentration of the drug is 18. (jwatch.org)
Critically ill patients1
  • A cohort and case-control study in critically ill patients. (cdc.gov)
Penicillin4
  • Results 102 patients were assessed and only 40% (n=41) were found to have a history consistent with penicillin hypersensitivity, 40% (n=41) were likely 'not allergic' and 20% (n=20) had 'indeterminate' reactions. (bmj.com)
  • Conclusions Obtaining a structured history from the patient and family physician alone can enable an accurate identification of penicillin allergy status. (bmj.com)
  • The report highlighted patients with a diagnostic label of penicillin allergy. (bmj.com)
  • Patients with a label of penicillin allergy on the EP report were included on a ward-by-ward basis. (bmj.com)
Positive blood cultures1
  • Since starting on vancomycin, the patient has improved somewhat, but continues to have fevers and, yes, positive blood cultures. (jwatch.org)
Urinary1
  • Sources of enterococcal bacteremia include the urinary tract, intra-abdominal foci, wounds, and intravascular catheters, especially catheters in femoral locations. (medscape.com)
Antimicrobials1
  • Aerobic cultures may yield their growth, but the anaerobic environment in the patient may limit response to antimicrobials (particularly aminoglycosides which are ineffective in an anaerobic environment). (vin.com)
Gram-negative1
  • Three patients (20.0%) had gram-negative bactaeremia and all 3 had K. pneumoniae detected in their blood cultures. (annals.edu.sg)
Diagnosis3
  • Schoenfeld D, Lee D, Arrington JA, Greene J, Klinkova O. Bacillus Cereus bacteremia complicated by brain abscess in a severely immunocompromised patient: Addressing importance of early recognition and challenges in diagnosis. (moffitt.org)
  • Results: From January 2008 to December 2017, 71 patients with diagnosis of IPD were identified. (chula.ac.th)
  • Diagnosis of the septic joint is particularly challenging in patients with underlying inflammatory disease, such as rheumatoid arthritis or SLE, and a negative Gram stain. (medscape.com)