Bacillus prokaryotic genes bacterial. Medical search. Frequent questions

Lamsa A, Lopez-Garrido J, Quach D, Riley EP, Pogliano J, Pogliano K. Rapid Inhibition Profiling in Bacillus subtilis to Identify the Mechanism of Action of New Antimicrobials. (ucsd.edu)
The Bacillus subtilis gcvT motif was then demonstrated to serve as a glycine-dependent riboswitch that activate gene expression upon binding of glycine [ 15472076 ]. (lbl.gov)
In this report, we took advantage of the tractability of the prokaryotic model Bacillus subtilis to provide evidence for the coexistence of two distinct families of FMMs in bacterial membranes, displaying a distinctive distribution of proteins specialized in different biological processes. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
We expressed the Bacillus subtilis Smc protein and its two complex partners ScpA and ScpB in E. coli cells, and monitored effects on chromosome compaction by DNA staining of live cells using epifluorescence microscopy. (biomedcentral.com)
Fan B, Blom J, Klenk HP, Borriss R (2017) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus velezensis , and Bacillus siamensis form an "Operational group B. amyloliquefaciens " within the B. subtilis species complex. (springer.com)
Bacillus subtilis ParB forms multimeric networks involving non-specific DNA binding leading to DNA condensation. (elifesciences.org)
This type of partition system has been described in many bacteria, including Bacillus subtilis , where it is involved in chromosome segregation and sporulation ( Mierzejewska and Jagura-Burdzy, 2012 ) ( Yamaichi and Niki, 2000 ) ( Sharpe and Errington, 1996 ) ( Lin and Grossman, 1998 ) ( Lee and Grossman, 2006 ). (elifesciences.org)

Bacteria occupy the Domain Bacteria and are Prokaryotic organisms, meaning they lack specialized organelles and nucleus. (wikibooks.org)
Yeasts have many advantages as biotechnological producers relative to bacteria, however, no recombinant producers of bacterial antibiotics in yeasts are known. (biomedcentral.com)
Paenibacillus is a genus of facultative anaerobic , endospore -forming bacteria , originally included within the genus Bacillus and then reclassified as a separate genus in 1993. (wikipedia.org)
bacteria: The colony diameter is 5 cm and the colors indicate the bacterial density (bright yellow for high density). (wikipedia.org)
More extensive genome sequencing could provide fundamental insights into pathways involved in complex social behavior of bacteria, and can discover a source of genes with biotechnological potential. (wikipedia.org)
The prokaryotic MORC proteins were widely, but sporadically, distributed in several distantly related bacteria such as proteobacteria, cyanobacteria and actinobacteria, as well as certain crenarchaea and euryarchaea [ 7 ]. (beds.ac.uk)
Chen L, Gu W, Xu H, Yang G, Shan X, Chen G, Wang CF, Qian AD (2018) Complete genome sequence of Bacillus velezensis 157 isolated from Eucommia ulmoides with pathogenic bacteria inhibiting and lignocellulolytic enzymes production by SSF. (springer.com)
We have some initial evidence that the proton channel may be used to kill itself-to depolarize the membrane once the bacteria has become infected," killing the bacterial cell, says Sorek. (the-scientist.com)
All cyanobacteria and bacteria are unicellular and prokaryotic microorganisms, i.e. they are not having any distinctive nucleus. (gkchronicle.com)
Prokaryotic bacteria is a single cell and acts as an organism. (gkchronicle.com)
They appear in different shapes, Rod shaped are bacteria called Bacillus, Spherical shaped bacteria are called Coccus, Spiral coiled are called Spirillum, Comma shaped bacteria are called Vibrio, etc. (gkchronicle.com)
Cry1Ac gene, which creates protein in the bacteria, is taken out and put into the embryo of a plant. (gkchronicle.com)
Various pigments like carotenes, melanins, flavones, quinines and violacein[ 4 - 6 ] are produced by different bacterial genera like Serratia , Streptomyces , Pseudomonas , Bacillus , Vibrio and Cytophyga that play an important role in their molecular and physiological processes and help taxonomist to identify and classify the bacteria, as they differ in chemical structure with specific chromophores. (ijpsonline.com)
BACKGROUND: Anthrax is a zoonotic infection caused by the bacteria Bacillus anthracis. (cdc.gov)

There are two major P450 classes in terms of the native RP systems, namely, the prokaryotic Class I P450 consisting of three stand-alone components (redoxin reductase/redoxin/P450) that are all cytosolically soluble proteins and the two-component eukaryotic Class II P450 comprised of P450 and cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR), both of which are membrane-bound proteins. (nature.com)
Compared to the membrane-bound eukaryotic P450s, bacterial P450s in soluble form have better application value and potential. (nature.com)
Although Adx/AdR are originated from a eukaryotic source, they are able to support many prokaryotic P450s such as the steroid hydroxylase CYP106A2 from Bacillus megaterium 11 and CYP109D5 from Sorangium cellulosum So ce56 12 . (nature.com)
The smaller proteins are generally of prokaryotic origin while the larger ones are of eukaryotic origin. (tcdb.org)
We recently discovered that bacterial membranes organize their signal transduction pathways in functional membrane microdomains (FMMs) that are structurally and functionally similar to the eukaryotic lipid rafts. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
The eukaryotic proteins are more complicated than the bacterial enzyme complexes. (tcdb.org)
Furthermore, contextual associations of the prokaryotic MORCs and their relatives suggest that their eukaryotic counterparts are likely to carry out chromatin remodeling by DNA superstructure manipulation in response to epigenetic signals such as histone and DNA methylation. (beds.ac.uk)
A multiple alignment of the eukaryotic MORCs with these prokaryotic homologs showed that both versions contained all four conserved motifs required for adenosine and phosphate binding in the GHKL superfamily (Fig. 1 ). (beds.ac.uk)
The prokaryotic and eukaryotic MORC homologs were unified to the exclusion of the other GHKL proteins by a specific GhXhhpXXRhl motif (h: hydrophobic, p: polar, X: any) in the S5-fold domain (Fig. 1 ). (beds.ac.uk)
The so-called condensin subfamily is essential for chromosome condensation in eukaryotic cells, as is the bacterial SMC complex (called MukBEF in Escherichia coli ). (biomedcentral.com)
one includes eukaryotic and prokaryotic proteins, and the other, only bacterial homologues. (tcdb.org)
Is E. coli cell prokaryotic or eukaryotic? (whomadewhat.org)

Examples of such enzymes are: catalase HP I from Escherichia coli (gene katG) and perA from Bacillus stearothermophilus. (expasy.org)
Montaño ET, Nideffer JF, Sugie J, Enustun E, Shapiro AB, Tsunemoto H, Derman AI, Pogliano K, Pogliano J. Bacterial Cytological Profiling Identifies Rhodanine-Containing PAINS Analogs as Specific Inhibitors of Escherichia coli Thymidylate Kinase In Vivo. (ucsd.edu)
These elements included a single promoter, which was mapped upstream of the 16S rRNA gene and which was similar to Escherichia coli consensus promoter sequences, an AT-rich upstream region, a GC-rich motif that may be involved in stringent control, leader and spacer antitermination sequences, sites for ribonuclease processing, and a putative factor-independent terminator sequence. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Boros I. , Csordés-Tôth E. , Kiss A. , Tôrôk I. , Udvardy K. , Venetianer P. Identification of two new promoters probably involved in the transcription of a ribosomal RNA gene of Escherichia coli. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Brosius J. , Dull D.J. , Sleeter D.D. , Noller H.F. Gene organization and primary structure of a ribosomal RNA operon from Escherichia coli. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Most recombinant proteins are currently produced in prokaryotic cells (mainly the bacterium Escherichia coli ) and a small number of well-characterized mammalian cell lines, such as Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. (frontiersin.org)

Recently segrosomal complexes derived from the tubulin family of cytoskeletal proteins, which are GTPases have been discovered in megaplasmids found in Bacillus species. (wikipedia.org)
The involvement of viral DNA-binding proteins in the regulation of virulence genes, transcription, DNA replication, and repair make them significant targets. (mdpi.com)
We identify the prokaryotic MORCs and establish that the MORC family belongs to a larger radiation of several families of GHKL proteins (paraMORCs) in prokaryotes. (beds.ac.uk)
Using contextual information from conserved gene neighborhoods we show that these proteins primarily function in restriction-modification systems, in conjunction with diverse superfamily II DNA helicases and endonucleases. (beds.ac.uk)
The targets of the Structural GenomiX (SGX) bacterial genomics project were proteins conserved in multiple prokaryotic organisms with no obvious sequence homolog in the Protein Data Bank of known structures. (rcsb.org)
Aminoglycosides action by impairing bacterial proteins synthesis through binding to prokaryotic ribosomes primarily. (biomasswars.com)
Aerobic gram-negative bacilli generally also present a sensation of adaptive level of resistance (transiently decreased antimicrobial eliminating in originally prone bacterias [42 115 Membrane proteins adjustments and alteration within the legislation of genes from the anaerobic respiratory pathway in bacterias subjected to aminoglycosides (42) are most likely in charge of this sensation (55) gives a pharmacodynamic rationale for high dosages linked. (biomasswars.com)

Phenotypically, strain HF14-78462T cells were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-spore forming and non-motile small rods which formed mucous and whitish-translucent colonies when incubated at 20-36 °C. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA genes and the whole genomes of closest sequenced relatives confirmed that strain HF14-78462T is affiliated with the genus Starkeya. (bvsalud.org)
Homology-based reconstruction of regulatory networks for bacterial and archaeal genomes. (openwetware.org)
Marine viruses impact global biogeochemical cycles via their influence on host community structure and function, yet our understanding of viral ecology is constrained by limitations in host culturing and a lack of reference genomes and 'universal' gene markers to facilitate community surveys. (peerj.com)
Comparison of the three genomes sequenced here to all publicly available, high-quality B. cereus s.l. genomes (n = 2890 total genomes) demonstrated that genomes associated with each case effectively belonged to separate species at the conventional 95% average nucleotide identity prokaryotic species threshold. (cdc.gov)
Two PubMLST sequence type 78 (ST78) genomes affiliated with a case in Louisiana were most closely related to B. tropicus and possessed genes encoding the Bps exopolysaccharide capsule, as well as hemolysin BL (Hbl) and cytotoxin K (CytK). (cdc.gov)
Since microbial virulence increases in microgravity, AMR gene sequences of MAGs were compared with genomes of respective ISS isolates and corresponding type strains. (biomedcentral.com)
Avoidance of palindromic recognition sites of Type II restriction-modification (R-M) systems was shown for many R-M systems in dozens of prokaryotic genomes. (biomedcentral.com)
We have studied all known recognition sites in thousands of prokaryotic genomes and found factors that influence their avoidance. (biomedcentral.com)
The avoidance of orthodox Type II R-M system recognition sites in prokaryotic genomes is a widespread phenomenon. (biomedcentral.com)
R-M systems are widely spread among prokaryotes: they have been found or predicted with computational methods in the vast majority of bacterial and archaeal genomes [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

however, like other anthrax-causing strains most closely related to B. anthracis, this genome did not possess Bps-, Hbl-, or CytK-encoding genes. (cdc.gov)

Some bacterial species produce enzymes that exhibit both catalase and broad-spectrum peroxidase activities [4]. (expasy.org)
Bacterial species can also be motile and employ various means to accomplish this such as flagella. (wikibooks.org)
Our data show that B . circulans and Bacillus macerans Schardinger 1905 are genetically and phenotypi-cally distinct species. (microbiologyresearch.org)
The differentiation of bacterial species by paper chromatogra-phy. (microbiologyresearch.org)
The Glycine riboswitch, is a highly conserved RNA structure that was originally identified upstream of the glycine cleavage system genes gcvT-gcvPA-gcvPB in numerous bacterial species [ 15096624 ]. (lbl.gov)
We wished to investigate if Smc and/or its complex partners ScpA and ScpB, which do not bind to DNA by themselves [ 10 ], can also condense chromosomes when expressed in other bacterial species. (biomedcentral.com)
Among 46 MAGs retrieved, 18 bacterial species were identified, including one novel genus/species combination ( Kalamiella piersonii ) and one novel bacterial species ( Methylobacterium ajmalii ). (biomedcentral.com)
Phylogenetic analyses of five bacterial species showed ISS-specific evolution. (biomedcentral.com)

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) - It is most widely used bio-pesticide in the world. (gkchronicle.com)

Segrosomes are protein complexes that ensure accurate segregation (partitioning) of plasmids or chromosomes during bacterial cell division. (wikipedia.org)
Such DNA is known as Nucleoid/Genophore/Bacterial chromosomes. (gkchronicle.com)

For example, putidaredoxin (Pdx) and putidaredoxin reductase (PdR) from Pseudomonas putida represent the first discovered bacterial P450 RP system served as the native PR for P450cam (CYP101A1) in camphor oxidation 9 , 10 . (nature.com)

In other bacterial pathogens, genes important for pathogenicity and host range include secreted protein effectors that suppress host immunity, alter host metabolism, and enable colonization, providing a fitness advantage. (biorxiv.org)
Among the predicted 3688 protein-coding genes, 24 genes are involved in the degradation of lignocellulose and other polysaccharides, including 8, 7 and 2 critical genes for the degradation of xylan, cellulose and lignin, respectively. (springer.com)
The "Theoris" system, named for the Egyptian protective deity of childbirth and fertility, contains a Toll-Interleukin Receptor (TIR) domain, which mediates protein interactions in intracellular signaling and was previously identified as being associated with prokaryotic Argonaute genes involved in RNA interference (RNAi). (the-scientist.com)
13. Viruses have (AIPMT 2014) (a) DNA enclosed in a protein coat (b) prokaryotic nucleus (c) single chromosome (d) both DNA and RNA. (recruitmenttopper.com)
in an operon with an upstream PurR/LacI-type transcriptional regulator gene, named amlR ( ACSP50_2475 ), and a gene downstream ( ACSP50_2473 ) encoding a GGDEF-EAL-domain-containing protein putatively involved in c-di-GMP signaling. (frontiersin.org)

Roseoflavin biosynthesis genes have been expressed in riboflavin- or FMN-overproducing yeast strains of Candida famata and Komagataella phaffii . (biomedcentral.com)
The biosynthesis genes are encoded by the acb gene cluster, which was identified in 1999 by Stratmann et al. (frontiersin.org)

However, the market is still dominated by prokaryotic and mammalian expression systems, the former offering high production capacity at a low cost, and the latter favored for the production of complex biopharmaceutical products. (frontiersin.org)

Deoxyribonucleic acid reassociation measurements revealed that 50 of 111 Bacillus circulans Jordan 1890 strains examined could be separated into 10 groups of genetically related organisms. (microbiologyresearch.org)
For comparison, recombinant strains of the native bacterial producer S. davaonensis accumulated near one-order less of roseoflavin while no recombinant producers of aminoriboflavin was reported at all. (biomedcentral.com)
Strains Associated with Two 2020 Welder Anthrax Cases in the United States Belong to Separate Lineages within Bacillus cereus sensu lato. (cdc.gov)

Comparative genomics of DNA-binding transcription factors in archaeal and bacterial organisms. (openwetware.org)

plantarum and ' Bacillus oryzicola ' are later heterotypic synonyms of Bacillus velezensis based on phylogenomics. (springer.com)

10/21/2011 · What is the application of gene cloning in The chimeric DNA or rDNA formed by cloning is stable and can be used to propagate and sequence the DNA. (fullsportpress.net)
Sequence and primer extension analysis revealed the presence of putative genes encoding tRNA lle and tRNA Ala within the 16S-23S spacer region, as well as a number of potential regulatory features. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Currently, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry are both precise diagnostic methods adopted by multiple laboratories. (medscape.com)
Prior to the "genomic era," when the acquisition of DNA sequence involved significant labor and expense, the sequencing of genes was strongly linked to the experimental characterization of their products. (plos.org)

Therefore, in this study, we aimed to characterize the intestinal bacterial microbiota in dogs with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (n = 34) by means of duodenal biopsies and fecal samples collected at the time of the diagnosis and to compare those to a group of healthy dogs (n = 12) using the 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene-targeted sequencing (Illumina MiSeq platform). (bvsalud.org)
Baylis H.A. , Bibb M.J. Transcriptional analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of the rrnD gene set of Streptomjces A3(2). (microbiologyresearch.org)

Genus I. Bacillus Cohn 1872. (microbiologyresearch.org)

The bacterial cytoplasm is devoid of all the cell organelles of eukaryotes except ribosomes. (gkchronicle.com)

Anthrax-causing members of Bacillus cereus sensu lato (s.l.) pose a serious threat to public health. (cdc.gov)

2013). Transposon mutagenesis identified chromosomal and plasmid genes essential for adaptation of the marine bacterium Dinoroseobacter shibae to anaerobic conditions. (tcdb.org)
E. coli is a procaryotic microorganism, typically about 2 to 4 µm long, rod-shaped bacterium (bacillus) with rounded ends. (whomadewhat.org)

The bacterial homologue, NptA of V. cholerae has 10 putative TMSs. (tcdb.org)

Gene regulatory network inference and gene module regulating virulence in Fusarium oxysporum. (openwetware.org)
Variations in the antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) and virulence genes of the selected 20 MAGs were characterized to predict the ecology and evolution of biosafety level (BSL) 2 microorganisms in space. (biomedcentral.com)

Anderson B.J. , Bills M.M. , Egerton J.R. , Mattick J.S. Cloning and expression in E coli of the gene encoding the structural subunit of Bacteroides nodosus fimbriae. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Many basic genes common to the biogenic of eukaryotes, including humans, are also conserved in E. coli. (whomadewhat.org)

6/3/2017 · Gene cloning- Steps involved in gene cloning Gene cloning. (fullsportpress.net)

This is suggestive of extensive lateral transfer of these genes between diverse prokaryotes. (beds.ac.uk)

Electron cryoEM structures of mitochondrial, chloroplast, and bacterial ATP synthases have revealed the architecture of the FO region, helping to explain the mechanisms of proton translocation, dimerization of the enzyme in mitochondria, and cristae formation. (tcdb.org)

de Gonzalo G, Colpa DI, Habib MH, Fraaije MW (2016) Bacterial enzymes involved in lignin degradation. (springer.com)

Additionally, in a phylogenetic tree versions from the same bacterial lineage (e.g. proteobacteria) often do not group together. (beds.ac.uk)

Khelil O, Choubane S, Cheba BA (2016) Polyphenols content of spent coffee grounds subjected to physico-chemical pretreatments influences lignocellulolytic enzymes production by Bacillus sp. (springer.com)
B acteria have been defending themselves from phages-viruses that attack bacterial cells-for billions of years, and unlocking the immune mechanisms they use to protect themselves has led to the development of powerful molecular biology tools such as restriction enzymes and CRISPR-Cas9. (the-scientist.com)
For instance, the discoveries of restriction enzymes and, later, CRISPR-Cas9-both of which were adapted from bacterial immune systems-revolutionized molecular biology. (the-scientist.com)

2023. Editorial: Role of Transcription Factors and Sigma Factors in Bacterial Stress. (openwetware.org)
Although AmlR apparently is a local transcriptional regulator of the aml operon, the Δ amlR strain shows severe growth inhibitions on glucose and - concomitantly - differential transcription of several genes of various functional classes. (frontiersin.org)

Pioneering work in the late 1990s through early 2010s resulted in vectors for gene deletion and expression in Clavibacter , but there is still reliance on these tools despite known limitations. (biorxiv.org)
We discovered that bacterial cells control the spatio-temporal remodeling of microdomains by restricting the activation of FloT expression to stationary phase. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Concurrently, we examined DNA methylation and expression status of imprinted genes. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Analysis of imprinting in hpESCs and in hpNSCs revealed that maternal-specific gene expression patterns and imprinting marks were generally maintained in PG cells upon differentiation. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Our results demonstrate that despite the lack of a paternal genome, hpESCs generate proliferating NSCs that are capable of differentiation into physiologically functional neuron-like cells and maintain allele-specific expression of imprinted genes. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Construction and Analysis of Gene Co-Expression Network in the Pathogenic Fungus Ustilago maydis. (openwetware.org)
2016). Characterizing and evaluating the expression of the type IIb sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter (slc34a2) gene and its potential influence on phosphorus utilization efficiency in yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco). (tcdb.org)
Enhanced protocol - stage 1 - small-scale expression screening: - target gene amplification (gene synthesis at an. (youthparlor.com)

Yeast recombinant producers of bacterial antibiotics aminoriboflavin and roseoflavin were constructed and evaluated. (biomedcentral.com)
Gene cloning involves separation of specific gene or DNA fragments from a donor cell, attaching it to small carrier molecule called vector and then replicating this recombinant vector into a host cell. (fullsportpress.net)
These loci (rrnA, rrnB and rrnC) were isolated on recombinant lambda clones, and comprised 16S, 23S and 5S rRNA genes closely linked in that order. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Alteration of genetic makeup of the crop using recombinant DNA technology can be coined in a term known as gene manipulation or gene technology. (scholarsresearchlibrary.com)

Hans Christian Gram developed a special staining technique known as Gram staining to identify the two types of bacterial cells. (gkchronicle.com)
Plasmids provide anti-biotic resistance to the bacterial cells in which they are present. (gkchronicle.com)
Restriction-modification (R-M) systems were discovered and characterized as bacterial systems defending cells from an invasion of foreign DNA, e.g. , phage DNA [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Additionally, the prokaryotic homologs contained a C-terminal α+β domain with the same secondary structure as the S5-fold domain that is also found in a subset of the GHKL superfamily, namely the topoisomerase ATPase domains, MutL and Hsp90. (beds.ac.uk)

2023. The gene regulatory network of Staphylococcus aureus ST239-SCCmecIII strain Bmb9393 and assessment of genes associated with the biofilm in diverse backgrounds. (openwetware.org)
MAGs were further used to analyze if genes involved in AMR and biofilm formation of viable microbes in ISS have variation due to generational evolution in microgravity and radiation pressure. (biomedcentral.com)

The genes pertaining to cell membranes, such as transmembrane transport, cell wall organization, and regulation of cell shape, were enriched. (biomedcentral.com)

The outcome of this work was 80 structures, covering 60 unique sequences and 49 different genes. (rcsb.org)

Targeted gene deletion mutants of amlE and amlR were constructed by use of the CRISPR/Cas9 technology. (frontiersin.org)

Molecular marker-assisted breeding interrogate important genes into many crops such as submergence tolerance in rice, bacterial blight resistant rice and increased β-carotene in cassava, banana etc. (scholarsresearchlibrary.com)

as well as other non-fermenting gram-negative bacilli may very well be because of membrane impermeabilization however the root molecular systems are largely unidentified (8). (biomasswars.com)

This result indicates that, for bacterial structures that are relatively easy to express, purify, and crystallize, the structural coverage of gene space is proceeding rapidly. (rcsb.org)

A landscape of gene regulation in the parasitic amoebozoa Entamoeba spp. (openwetware.org)

Segrosome formation could be a highly regulated and ordered process to ensure its coupling with the other events of the bacterial cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
Bacterial F-type ATPases pump 3-4 H + and/or Na + (depending on the system) out of the cell per ATP hydrolyzed. (tcdb.org)
Keeping this in mind, What is the diameter of a bacterial cell in MM? (whomadewhat.org)
What is the approximate size of bacterial cell? (whomadewhat.org)

The process is used to generate quantities of DNA molecule segments or copies of specific genes. (fullsportpress.net)

Short-read viral metagenomic studies have provided clues to viral function and first estimates of global viral gene abundance and distribution, but their assemblies are confounded by populations with high levels of strain evenness and nucleotide diversity (microdiversity), limiting assembly of some of the most abundant viruses on Earth. (peerj.com)

Thus, a universal and efficient surrogate RP system is demanded for reconstituting the activities of bacterial P450s. (nature.com)
Our findings show that the SMC complex can act as autonomous condensation system in a heterologous bacterial host system, for which neither ATP binding nor ATP hydrolysis are required. (biomedcentral.com)
In the "Zorya" system, named for a Slavic deity, Sorek's group discovered that the mechanism of immunity contains components of a proton channel that is also used in the motors of bacterial flagella. (the-scientist.com)
By this, the maltose/maltodextrin system appears to be fundamentally different from other described prokaryotic systems. (frontiersin.org)
A large number of corrupted R-M system genes in REBASE [ 25 ] testify in favor of a rather frequent loss of R-M systems. (biomedcentral.com)

Actinomycosis is a bacterial infection that spreads by direct extension and, rarely, hematogenously. (medscape.com)

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