Babies fetal blood. Medical search. Frequent questions

It is known that carefully controlling the mother's blood glucose levels during pregnancy reduces the risk of these and other adverse outcomes. (cochrane.org)
Using ultrasound in addition to monitoring the mother's blood glucose levels may make little or no difference to the risk of the newborn baby having low blood glucose levels (3 trials, 524 women, low-certainty evidence). (cochrane.org)
That's why we examined specific biomarkers in the mother's blood in the second and third trimester of her pregnancy to determine if they are useful in identifying children who could benefit from early interventions. (futurity.org)
This blood test checks for fetal DNA in the mother's blood. (kidshealth.org)
This requires the transfer of oxygen from the mother's blood to the baby's blood. (millerandzois.com)
Experts can then use the mother's blood to perform a fetal analysis, allowing them to see whether the father and the child share any DNA. (genwed.com)
Unlike traditional prenatal paternity testing, which uses a fetal sample obtained by an OB-GYN through amniocentesis or CVS sampling, the non-invasive test only uses the mother's blood to detect free-floating DNA from the baby. (dnacenter.com)
Approximately 3 to 10 percent of the cell-free DNA in a mother's blood belongs to her baby, and these fetal blueprints are enough to determine if the baby has the wrong number of certain chromosomes-the cause of some inherited diseases, including Down syndrome. (the-scientist.com)
And, instead of an invasive procedure at 15 to 20 weeks of pregnancy, doctors can conduct a genetic screen of the mother's blood as early as. (the-scientist.com)
The test analyses the cell-free fetal DNA found in the mother's blood (which is collected via a simple blood sample). (easydna.co.uk)

Compared with monitoring the mothers' blood glucose levels alone, the addition of ultrasound may make little or no difference to the risk of having a caesarean birth (2 trials, 428 women, low-certainty evidence). (cochrane.org)
There was insufficient evidence to evaluate the use of ultrasound (in addition to maternal blood glucose concentration values) to assist in guiding the medical management of GDM, and the effect on important short- and long-term outcomes for the mother or her baby, or the associated costs. (cochrane.org)
The researchers monitored the growth inside the womb of over 3,500 babies in six countries (Brazil, Kenya, Pakistan, South Africa, Thailand, and the United Kingdom) using serial fetal ultrasound scans throughout pregnancy, and analysed blood samples taken from the women early in pregnancy and from the umbilical cord at birth. (ox.ac.uk)
You may also be given an ultrasound during pregnancy if you notice the baby is moving less often or you're experiencing other pregnancy complications, such as high blood pressure . (healthline.com)
This test includes a blood test and an ultrasound exam. (kidshealth.org)
A detailed ultrasound examination: This is to carefully look at your baby for any other ultrasound findings or abnormalities. (vivu.tv)
Ultrasound and fetal monitoring of the baby may be necessary. (goredforwomen.org)
Fetal ultrasound is a test used during pregnancy. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
During a fetal ultrasound, the baby's heart, head, and spine are evaluated, along with other parts of the baby. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Fetal ultrasound is a routine part of prenatal care in the U.S. This is because it's a low risk procedure that gives important information. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Your healthcare provider may have other reasons to request a fetal ultrasound. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
In some cases, additional testing may be needed after a fetal ultrasound. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Fetal ultrasound is sometimes offered in nonmedical settings. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Make sure to have fetal ultrasound done by trained medical staff. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
How do I get ready for fetal ultrasound? (hopkinsmedicine.org)
What happens during a fetal ultrasound? (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Inclusion criteria: Infants with brain injury associated with fetal stroke after confirmation of brain injury on postnatal imaging (Cranial ultrasound, MRI brain) soon after birth. (who.int)

Early hypotheses assumed that human babies are born sterile and that any bacterial presence in the uterus would be harmful to the fetus. (wikipedia.org)
Immune hydrops fetalis usually occurs when the blood types of the mother and the fetus aren't compatible with each other. (healthline.com)
If your blood is Rh negative and your partner's is Rh positive, you may develop antibodies that prove dangerous to your fetus. (kidshealth.org)
Fetal heart rate monitoring measures the heart rate and rhythm of your baby (fetus). (hopkinsmedicine.org)
The question is whether the doctors listen to the baby talking to them with a non-reassuring fetal heart rate that suggests the fetus is not tolerating the labor and delivery process. (millerandzois.com)
If this message of declining oxygenation status and loss of fetal reserves is not heard, the fetus is at serious risk for experiencing hypoxic-ischemic injury. (millerandzois.com)
The fetus gets oxygen from the mother's oxygenated blood. (millerandzois.com)
Blood flow through the fetus is actually more complicated than after the baby is born ( normal heart ). (heart.org)
Oxygenated, nutrient-rich blood from the placenta is carried to the fetus by the umbilical vein. (heart.org)
Some blood from the aorta flows to the two umbilical arteries and re-enters the placenta, where carbon dioxide and other waste products from the fetus are taken up and enter the maternal circulation. (heart.org)
The placenta accepts the blood without oxygen from the fetus through the umbilical arteries. (heart.org)
In the placenta the blood picks up oxygen and returns to the fetus via a third vessel in the umbilical cord (umbilical vein). (heart.org)
The oxygen-rich blood that enters the fetus passes through the fetal liver and enters the right side of the heart. (heart.org)
Blood coming back from the fetus also enters the right atrium through the superior vena cava and coronary arteries. (heart.org)
This doesn't shunt through the foramen ovale, but the fetus is able to send this oxygen-poor blood from the right atrium to the right ventricle (the chamber that normally pumps blood to the lungs). (heart.org)
Most of the blood that leaves the right ventricle in the fetus bypasses the lungs through the second of the two extra fetal connections, known as the ductus arteriosus. (heart.org)
This allows for the oxygen-poor blood to leave the fetus through the umbilical arteries and get back to the placenta to pick up oxygen. (heart.org)
Since the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus are normal findings in the fetus, it is impossible to predict whether these connections will close normally after birth in a normal fetal heart. (heart.org)
Electronic fetal heart monitoring is done during pregnancy, labor, and delivery to monitor the heart rate of the fetus. (webmd.com)
The fetal heart rate can indicate whether the fetus is doing well or is in trouble and can be done any time after 20 weeks. (webmd.com)
Done weekly in many high-risk pregnancies, such as in cases where a women is carrying more than one fetus , or has diabetes or high blood pressure, this test involves using a fetal monitor strapped across the mother's abdomen to measure the baby's heart rate as it moves. (webmd.com)
This occurs in the fetus to help fetal blood carry enough oxygen while the developing baby is in the relatively oxygen-poor environment inside the uterus. (naset.org)
In this condition, a newborn baby's circulation changes back to the circulation of a fetus, where much of the blood flow bypasses the lungs. (crh.org)
During fetal development, the blood vessels of the eye's retina - the tissue at the back of the eye that senses light and sends images to the brain - grow steadily out from the center of the eye toward its periphery, only reaching those edges when the fetus is close to normal-term gestation. (uclahealth.org)
It includes medical interventions-such as medications given to the mother to cross the placenta and reach the fetus-and surgical interventions to help an unborn baby that might die or be disabled if no action was taken. (yalemedicine.org)
Recent scientific advances mean that non-invasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD), based on the presence of cell-free fetal DNA in maternal plasma, could be used to target prophylaxis on "at risk" pregnancies where the fetus is RhD positive. (biomedcentral.com)
In white Caucasian populations about 10% of all pregnancies involve a mother with rhesus (Rh) D negative blood group and an RhD positive fetus, potentially placing the mother at risk of sensitisation and future babies at risk of haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn. (biomedcentral.com)
Fetal RHD genotyping of this material has the potential to enable antenatal prophylaxis targeted at the 60% of pregnancies with an RhD positive fetus, thereby saving anti-D costs. (biomedcentral.com)
Amniocentesis can be used to diagnose certain fetal or uterine conditions such as blood type incompatibility between the fetus and mother, infections, genetic abnormalities, and deficient or excessive amounts of amniotic fluid. (attorneyatlaw.com)

This also means that the test is far more accurate and reliable than other non-invasive tests that use nucleated fetal cells (whole DNA enclosed in cells). (easydna.co.uk)

Cell-free fetal DNA: This is a maternal blood test that uses your baby's cells that are in your bloodstream. (vivu.tv)
Since the prenatal paternity test analyses cell-free fetal DNA in the maternal blood, there is no risk of misdiagnosis or incorrect results due to previous pregnancies or miscarriages . (easydna.co.uk)
Scientists need the maternal sample to separate the blood plasma (a blood component containing maternal and cell-free fetal DNA) from the rest of the blood. (easydna.co.uk)

Very importantly, in both studies, the same critical time period close to the 5th month of pregnancy is the starting point for accelerated or decelerated fetal growth that is sustained into early childhood. (ox.ac.uk)

Preeclampsia is a sudden increase in blood pressure after the 20th week of pregnancy. (medlineplus.gov)
Preeclampsia can be serious or even life-threatening for both you and your baby. (medlineplus.gov)
HELLP syndrome, which happens when a woman with preeclampsia or eclampsia has damage to the liver and blood cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Delivering the baby can often cure preeclampsia. (medlineplus.gov)
High blood pressure during pregnancy ( preeclampsia ). (medlineplus.gov)
These tests can find problems such as gestational diabetes and preeclampsia (dangerously high blood pressure). (kidshealth.org)
Women with Lupus are at higher risk for pregnancy complications, including problems with fetal growth, high blood pressure in pregnancy (preeclampsia), preterm delivery and stillbirth. (pregnancymagazine.com)
Preeclampsia is defined as high blood pressure during pregnancy and only some women develop it. (goredforwomen.org)
Preeclampsia is severe high blood pressure during pregnancy accompanied by other medical warning signs. (goredforwomen.org)
Most women deliver healthy babies and fully recover after preeclampsia. (goredforwomen.org)
High blood pressure is an important sign that preeclampsia may be developing. (goredforwomen.org)
Delivery of the baby is the only cure for preeclampsia. (goredforwomen.org)
They can find problems like gestational diabetes and preeclampsia (dangerously high blood pressure), which if not treated can put your baby at risk for problems like preterm birth. (cookchildrens.org)
In contrast, new onset of elevated blood pressure readings after 20 weeks' gestation mandates the consideration and exclusion of preeclampsia . (medscape.com)
High-end arteriolar resistance limits uterine artery blood flow and restricts fetal growth in preeclampsia and gestational hypertension at high altitude. (bvsalud.org)
Preeclampsia is a serious pregnancy disorder marked by elevated blood pressure and the presence of proteins in urine. (cdc.gov)

A history of fetal macrosomia. (sparrow.org)
Male offspring of female rats with a history of fetal exposure to glucocorticoids also exhibit low birth weight and glucose intolerance - a multigenerational effect ( 6 ). (cdc.gov)

The increased blood volume from her pregnancies and strain on her heart muscle had taken a toll, as it does with many women. (nortonhealthcare.com)
Also done in high-risk pregnancies, a fetal monitor measures the baby's heart rate in response to contractions stimulated either by oxytocin (Pitocin) or nipple stimulation. (webmd.com)
The prenatal paternity test cannot be performed in cases of In Vitro Fertilization (IVF), twin or multiple pregnancies, less than 9 weeks pregnancy (7 weeks past conception) or when the alleged fathers are close blood relatives. (easydna.co.uk)
Which means that if there is further contact between maternal and foetal blood, the baby will develop rhesus disease, which is also why second pregnancies with a RhD positive baby and RhD negative mother bear a much higher risk of rhesus disease. (healthcentre.org.uk)

You must lie still during some types of fetal heart rate monitoring. (hopkinsmedicine.org)

A small percentage of women with lupus, however, have certain antibodies that can affect the fetal heart and rarely lead to a serious condition known as complete heart block. (pregnancymagazine.com)

Amniocentesis : This is a test that removes a small amount of fluid from around the baby by a thin needle. (vivu.tv)
Similarly abdominal trauma (any injury to the stomach area) or an invasive test like either CVS (chorionic villus sampling) or amniocentesis can create an opportunity for contact between blood cells from mother and child. (healthcentre.org.uk)

These fetal growth patterns are also associated with blood flow and nutrient transfer by the placenta, demonstrating a complex interaction between maternal and fetal nutrition early in pregnancy that influences postnatal weight and eventually adult health. (ox.ac.uk)
This test shows the movement of blood through the umbilical cord, in the baby's heart, or between the baby and the placenta. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
I doubt that these gases reflect the baby--if blood was squeezed from the placenta into the cord to draw the gas AND the cord was flacid for minutes before the delivery then this gas CANNOT reflect the fetal status--it's just reflecting the placental reserve. (allnurses.com)
With this rare condition, which affects 10 to 15 percent of identical twins who share the same placenta, the placenta has abnormal blood vessels. (yalemedicine.org)
Both mother and unborn child share a common link through the placenta, which is designed to bring maternal and foetal blood into close contact for the exchange of nutrients needed for the pregnancy to continue. (healthcentre.org.uk)
An unfortunate effect of this however, is that the placenta also provides a medium through which blood cells can be exchanged, potentially resulting in the Rhesus Disease reaction. (healthcentre.org.uk)

[ 7 ] Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy may cause maternal and fetal morbidity, and they remain a leading source of maternal mortality. (medscape.com)
pre-eclampsia is also associated with adverse fetal mortality and morbidity. (cdc.gov)

Having high blood pressure while pregnant can lead to health complications for both mom and baby, but making certain lifestyle choices can help lower blood pressure during pregnancy. (nortonhealthcare.com)
The risks of high blood pressure while pregnant have prompted a panel of medical experts to recommend all pregnant people get blood pressure screenings at every prenatal visit. (nortonhealthcare.com)
What's the normal blood pressure for a pregnant woman? (nortonhealthcare.com)
If you're pregnant and have a blood pressure of 140 systolic/90 diastolic or higher, you should see a specialist, as untreated high blood pressure can risk your health as well as the unborn baby's. (nortonhealthcare.com)
Gestational hypertension is high blood pressure that you develop while you are pregnant. (medlineplus.gov)
Chronic hypertension is high blood pressure that started before the 20th week of pregnancy or before you became pregnant. (medlineplus.gov)
Some women may have had it long before becoming pregnant but didn't know it until they got their blood pressure checked at their prenatal visit . (medlineplus.gov)
The detection of risk factors by a good prenatal follow-up and the regular training of the care providers for adequate and multidisciplinary care (obstetrician, intensive care nephrologist and pediatrician) of hypertensive pregnant women and their newborns can improve the maternal prognosis and fetal. (scirp.org)
Women who become pregnant when they are over 35 are more at risk of giving birth to babies that are too small, or stillborn . (tommys.org)
If you are pregnant and your baby has hydrops fetalis, your doctor may want to induce early labor and delivery of the baby. (healthline.com)
It's usually offered to pregnant women at higher risk because they're older or have had a baby with a chromosomal abnormality. (kidshealth.org)
A well-planned and nutritious diet can help you get the nutrients that a pregnant woman and her unborn baby need. (targetwoman.com)
A pregnant woman must adhere to a new and healthy diet that will be beneficial to the growing baby but also to the general health of the mother. (targetwoman.com)
Prenatal tests are screening or diagnostic tests that can help identify health problems that could affect pregnant women or their unborn babies. (cookchildrens.org)
The amount of baby's DNA present in maternal blood increases with gestational age, and DDC recommends that this test be performed when the mother is at least 12 weeks pregnant-the further along in the pregnancy, the greater the chances for an informative and conclusive result. (dnacenter.com)
But this year, doctors and pregnant women around the country welcomed a new option: a painless genetic screen performed on a sample of the mother-to-be's blood. (the-scientist.com)
Advances in DNA sequencing have given doctors the power to probe the small fraction of fetal DNA coursing through a pregnant woman's veins. (the-scientist.com)
The World Trade Center (WTC) Study in NYC is assessing the effects of air pollutants released by the destruction of the WTC on fetal growth, respiratory health, and cognitive development in 329 newborns whose mothers were pregnant on 9/11/01. (cdc.gov)
A main reasons for the inefficiency of and November 2009, 370 pregnant complete blood count was done us- these programmes [5]. (who.int)
Pregnant women in malaria endemic areas need to have a blood test during the first trimester and when positive they are given treatment immediately and ITN. (who.int)

These microbial communities consist of genera commonly found in the mouth and intestines, which may be transmitted to the uterus via the blood stream, and in the vagina, which may ascend through the cervix. (wikipedia.org)
If you've had a prior C-section or major uterine surgery, fetal macrosomia increases the risk of uterine rupture during labor - a rare but serious complication in which the uterus tears open along the scar line from the C-section or other uterine surgery. (sparrow.org)
The fetal heart rate may change as your baby responds to conditions in your uterus. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Your provider may check the pressure inside your uterus while doing internal fetal heart monitoring. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Weight, blood pressure , and fundal height measurements (distance from your pubic bone to the top of your uterus) also continue. (webmd.com)
During the first 6 months of life, babies are usually protected against developing iron deficiency due to the stores of iron built up in their bodies while they are in the uterus. (naset.org)
It creates an image of the baby in the mother's womb (uterus). (hopkinsmedicine.org)
We get into the uterus and the cord is an occult cord, coming down with the head of the baby who was asynclitic (sp? (allnurses.com)

Fetal macrosomia increases the risk that your uterine muscles won't properly contract after you give birth (uterine atony). (sparrow.org)
This measures fetal heart rate along with uterine contractions. (hopkinsmedicine.org)

If we are able to prove that targeting intensive monitoring and treatment to those women whose unborn babies are affected by overgrowth does not increase the risk of adverse outcomes, we may be able to save time, resources and anxiety. (cochrane.org)
Our Yale Medicine Fetal Care Center, which is the only of its kind in the state and one of few in the Northeast, offers comprehensive services to women whose unborn babies have anomalies and conditions that can be treated in utero. (yalemedicine.org)
Pre-eclampsia is a serious complication that imperils the lives of women and their unborn babies. (cdc.gov)

Chez les mères non anémiques, une faible dose de fer peut être suffisante et permettrait aussi de prévenir les complications relatives à un excès en fer. (who.int)

What Is Fetal Distress? (millerandzois.com)
Fetal distress means the womb has become a hostile environment. (millerandzois.com)
What Are the Signs of Fetal Distress or a Non-Reassuring Heart Rate? (millerandzois.com)
The main signs of fetal distress are fetal bradycardia or tachycardia, late, persistent, or variable decelerations, and the absence of beat to beat variability in the heart rate. (millerandzois.com)
So many birth injury malpractice cases are the result of doctors and nurses going to extremes in the face of fetal distress. (millerandzois.com)
We did a c/s for a patient with fetal distress, late and variable decels into the 60s and FTP. (allnurses.com)

Genetic factors and maternal conditions such as obesity or diabetes can cause fetal macrosomia. (sparrow.org)
Fetal macrosomia is more likely to be a result of maternal diabetes, obesity or weight gain during pregnancy than other causes. (sparrow.org)

Bacteria have been detected in umbilical cord blood, amniotic fluid, and fetal membranes of healthy, term babies. (wikipedia.org)
The Krakow study and the other two cohorts show genetic damage from PAHs (PAH-DNA adducts) in umbilical cord blood was about 10-fold higher than maternal adducts per estimated unit of exposure, indicating heightened fetal susceptibility. (cdc.gov)
Safety of umbilical cord blood derived cells (UCBC) administration as determined by absence of any adverse events (AE) necessitating cessation of cell infusion (e.g. anaphylaxis or major change in cardio-respiratory status), or any AE attributable to cell administration within first 48 hours of infusion (e.g. bacterial infection). (who.int)

Scientists have long known the fact that fetal DNA is present in maternal blood during pregnancy. (easydna.co.uk)

They can detect conditions that can put a baby at risk for problems like preterm birth if they're not treated. (kidshealth.org)
Fetal macrosomia can be difficult to detect and diagnose during pregnancy. (sparrow.org)
We're the only group in the world, including academic universities as well as companies, to develop a test that is sensitive enough to detect male chromosomes from maternal blood this early in pregnancy, when the fetal-cell fraction in mom's blood is extremely low, and every day makes a significant difference. (prweb.com)
Other companies claim to detect fetal sex at 7 or 8 weeks but haven't submitted their data to be published in peer-reviewed journals. (prweb.com)
The test uses state-of-the art DNA technology called SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism), which can detect the relatively low levels of fetal DNA found in maternal blood. (dnacenter.com)
In 2005, the San Diego, California-based biotech company Sequenom licensed technology to detect fetal DNA, building on the results of a 1997 Lancet study that found fetal DNA circulating in maternal blood. (the-scientist.com)

However, unlike another familial blood disease - sickle cell anemia - thalassemia was not associated with structural abnormalities of hemoglobin. (laskerfoundation.org)
So a good OB will recognize and understand the significance of fetal heart tracing abnormalities such as bradycardia, tachycardia, late and variable decelerations and diminished or absent long term or short term variability. (millerandzois.com)
Fetal therapy, also known as fetal treatment, is a branch of fetal medicine that involves the diagnosis and treatment of fetal abnormalities. (yalemedicine.org)
Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy can also be utilized to diagnose chromosomal abnormalities and potential causes of low blood counts or fever. (attorneyatlaw.com)
problems with the transition from fetal to newborn life, low blood sugar, difficulty breathing, infections, or other abnormalities. (msdmanuals.com)

2. "Boston Doctors Perform 'First-of-Its-Kind' Brain Surgery on Baby in Womb" Yahoo Entertainment, 5 May. (coco66.com)
3. "Baby successfully undergoes brain surgery - while still inside the womb! (coco66.com)
Amniotic membrane is the tissue that protects a developing baby in the womb. (spasydell.com)

this fetal blood sampling test has also been used to administer in utero treatment to fetuses with heart problems and other dire health conditions. (womens-health.co.uk)
A new blood test may help predict how severely a baby will be affected by alcohol exposure during pregnancy. (futurity.org)
Women who test positive are treated with antibiotics during delivery to protect the baby from contracting the infection at birth. (webmd.com)
If you're having twins, you'll have this test more often, perhaps right up until birth, to check the position and growth of your babies. (webmd.com)
For £1,800, couples can now get a blood test in England that will reveal in thirty days if their genetic combination could- could -result in one of more than 600 heredity diseases. (the-american-interest.com)
A breakthrough publication shows the SneakPeek Early Gender DNA Test predicted fetal sex accurately for 115 of 115 women recruited from 12 independent clinics across the US. (prweb.com)
LA JOLLA, Calif. , July 19, 2022 /PRNewswire-PRWeb/ -- Gateway Genomics , leading developer of direct-to-consumer genetic tests that give families insight into their future children, announces a new peer-reviewed publication titled, " SneakPeek Early Gender Test: The Earliest and Most Accurate Method for Fetal Sex Determination at 6-Weeks' Gestation " in the Clinics in Mother and Child Health journal. (prweb.com)
The SneakPeek Early Gender DNA test has been available to moms to find out the sex of their babies since 2014, when the test was offered at 9 weeks into pregnancy. (prweb.com)
While SneakPeek isn't the only at-home fetal sex test on the market, we pride ourselves in being far-and-away the market leader, not only in families served, but also in scientific integrity," continues Mr. Jacob. (prweb.com)
Gateway Genomics' flagship product, SneakPeek Gender, is an easy-to-use DNA test that lets parents know the fetal sex of their babies as early as 6 weeks into pregnancy, with 99.9% accuracy. (prweb.com)
This test shows a lifelike image of an unborn baby. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Similar to the cheek test, you will have to get a sample of blood from both the child and the father. (genwed.com)
This new test combining risk-free blood collection and state-of-the-art SNP microarray technology is available only from DDC. (dnacenter.com)
But the company stumbled into a messy scandal in 2009 over the first version of a sequence-specific test for fetal trisomy 21-the cause of Down syndrome. (the-scientist.com)
The test also cannot be conducted when the mother is suffering from cancer or pre-eclampsia or has had a recent blood transfusion, bone marrow, organ transplant or stem cell therapy. (easydna.co.uk)
This DNA test requires a sample of maternal blood (collected via a standard medical blood sample) and mouth swab samples from the alleged father (read the sample collection instructions HERE ). (easydna.co.uk)
Prophylaxis following delivery was introduced in the 1960s, with a blood cord serology test used to identify the baby's RhD status. (biomedcentral.com)
This procedure can test the production of healthy red blood cells, help diagnose leukemia and other cancers, and evaluate the effectiveness of cancer treatment. (attorneyatlaw.com)
ABO grouping is a test performed to determine an individual's blood type. (medscape.com)
From the abstract: 'A blood test done in early pregnancy that measures cell-free DNA methylation could represent a novel way to predict the risk of preterm pre-eclampsia. (cdc.gov)

When a baby dies after 24 weeks of gestation, it is called a stillbirth. (tommys.org)

The malformation is a rare prenatal condition in which arteries bringing high-flow, high-pressure blood to the brain from the heart connect directly with one of the main collecting veins deep at the base of the brain, rather than to capillaries that are necessary to slow blood flow and deliver oxygen to surrounding brain tissue. (coco66.com)
We think that these factors might stop them working normally, meaning it is more difficult for the baby to get the oxygen and nutrients that it needs. (tommys.org)
Researchers supported by Tommy's have found that the substance that usually carries oxygen around our blood may have harmful effects on the baby when it escapes from red blood cells. (tommys.org)
In babies with this defect, blood has trouble flowing to the lungs to pick up oxygen for the body. (cdc.gov)
In a baby without a congenital heart defect, the right side of the heart pumps oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs through the pulmonary artery. (cdc.gov)
The blood that comes back from the lungs is oxygen-rich and can then be pumped to the rest of the body. (cdc.gov)
An abnormal fetal heart rate may mean that your baby is not getting enough oxygen or that there are other problems. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
The fetal monitor really is mostly about oxygen. (millerandzois.com)
If the fetal monitoring strips indicate that the baby does not have the oxygen it needs, doctors are often required to deliver the child right away by cesarean delivery because the baby cannot tolerate the hostile environment any longer. (millerandzois.com)
The baby is not getting enough oxygen or any other nutrients. (millerandzois.com)
There is significance to the findings or patterns on fetal heart tracings that are generally recognized as reflecting intrapartum fetal hypoxia and birth asphyxia (in other words, oxygen deprivation). (millerandzois.com)
The ductus arteriosus sends the oxygen-poor blood to the organs in the lower half of the fetal body. (heart.org)
It occurs most often in full-term or post-term babies after a difficult birth, or birth asphyxia (a condition that results from too little oxygen). (crh.org)
During pregnancy, the fetal lungs are not used to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide, so the lungs need less blood supply. (crh.org)
Now blood is pumped to the lungs to help with the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. (crh.org)
When a baby has lowered oxygen levels or difficulty breathing at birth, these changes may not occur and the baby's circulation returns back to the fetal system with blood directed away from the lungs. (crh.org)
When blood is shunted away from the baby's lungs, it is difficult for the lungs to do the work of exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide. (crh.org)
Even breathing air with 100 percent oxygen, babies with PPHN have low blood oxygen levels. (crh.org)
This can be serious, as all of the body's organs are dependent on oxygen-rich blood being pumped to them and may become damaged from lack of oxygen. (crh.org)
With ECMO, blood from the baby's veins is pumped through an artificial lung where oxygen is added and carbon dioxide is removed. (crh.org)
It is then often followed by local hypoxia, or low oxygen levels, which encourages the growth of new blood vessels but at an aberrant pace and pattern that may actually lead to retinal detachment. (uclahealth.org)
In related work, Dr. Chu is collaborating with UCLA Health ophthalmologist Irena Tsui , MD, to use noninvasive imaging to study how structures in infants' eyes are affected in real time by postnatal exposures to oxygen, or even treatments for ROP, in human babies. (uclahealth.org)

The Study in China has found adverse effects on fetal and child growth and development related to exposure to power plant emissions and is determining the longer-term health benefits to children of eliminating in utero exposure to these toxic air pollutants. (cdc.gov)
Birth weight was strongly associated with reduced Q(UA) (R(2) = 0.80, P disease severity and adverse fetal outcomes. (bvsalud.org)
ABO testing is performed in order to prevent an adverse transfusion reaction that could be caused by ABO incompatibility between the patient and a blood donor. (medscape.com)

A new study, led by researchers at the University of Oxford, UK, in collaboration with the University of California, Berkeley, USA, published in The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology identifies, as early as the 5th month of pregnancy, patterns of fetal abdominal growth associated with maternal lipid metabolites that track newborn growth, adiposity and development into childhood. (ox.ac.uk)
The study complements our previous work that identified fetal head growth trajectories associated with different developmental, behavioural, visual and growth outcomes at 2 years of age. (ox.ac.uk)
This study provides evidence of distinct patterns of fetal abdominal growth and placental transfer and how they relate to longer term health. (ox.ac.uk)
The paper complements work published by the same groups in 2021 that identified fetal head growth trajectories that are associated with different developmental, behavioural, visual and growth outcomes at 2 years of age. (ox.ac.uk)
The full paper, ' Association between fetal abdominal growth trajectories, maternal metabolite signatures early in pregnancy, and childhood growth and adiposity: prospective observational multinational INTERBIO-21st fetal study ', can be read in The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology . (ox.ac.uk)
If these risk factors aren't present and fetal macrosomia is suspected, it's possible that your baby might have a rare medical condition that affects fetal growth. (sparrow.org)
The infection and inflammation experienced by many premature infants can impact normal retinal blood vessel growth. (uclahealth.org)
The EMP2 gene is involved in regulating angiogenesis - the growth of new blood vessels. (uclahealth.org)
Results: In the NM study, prenatal exposures to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, (PAHs), ETS and pesticides were associated with significantly reduced fetal growth, neurocognitive delay and/or attentional deficits, increased chromosomal aberrations in cord blood, and increased risk of asthma. (cdc.gov)
PAHs in prenatal air were linked to decreased fetal growth and asthma symptom, as in the NM study. (cdc.gov)
We concluded that high end-arteriolar resistance, not smaller UA diameter, limited Q(UA) and restricted fetal growth in PE and GH. (bvsalud.org)
Fetal, infant, and childhood growth and adult blood pressure. (who.int)
1. Provide quality antenatal care (ANC) as early as possible in the first trimester, at least four times during pregnancy and include provision of iron-folic acid, TT injection, Hb/ blood pressure, nutrition and foetal growth monitoring. (who.int)

The term "fetal macrosomia" is used to describe a newborn who's much larger than average. (sparrow.org)
Preterm (Premature) Newborns A preterm newborn is a baby delivered before 37 weeks of gestation. (msdmanuals.com)
Ensure that essential newborn care is given immediately after birth, including keeping the baby warm, skin-to-skin contact with the mother (immediately after cutting the cord) for initiating breastfeeding within an hour and rooming-in of the baby if delivery occurred in a health facility. (who.int)
The ABO system is regarded as the most important blood-group system in transfusion medicine because of severe hemolytic transfusion reactions and, to a lesser degree, hemolytic disease of the newborn. (medscape.com)
Newborn screening (NBS) is a well-established public health program that tests all babies at birth for rare, treatable conditions that require immediate intervention. (cdc.gov)

The included trials did not report on the important maternal outcomes of low blood glucose, or development of type 2 diabetes. (cochrane.org)
Such trials could consider important short- and long-term outcomes (as listed in this review) for the mother, her baby, and resource use. (cochrane.org)
There is insufficient evidence to evaluate the use of fetal biometry (in addition to maternal blood glucose concentration values) to assist in guiding the medical management of GDM, on either maternal or perinatal health outcomes, or the associated costs. (cochrane.org)
This approach offers a potential paradigm shift in managing vein of Galen malformation, and researchers will continue to perform and follow fetal cases to establish a clear pattern of improvement in both neurological and cardiovascular outcomes. (coco66.com)
The work could lead to the development of both preventive and therapeutic strategies to reduce risk of ROP development, and to improve long-term neurovision outcomes for premature babies. (uclahealth.org)

Postnatal and antenatal anti-D prophylaxis have dramatically reduced maternal sensitisations and cases of rhesus disease in babies born to women with RhD negative blood group. (biomedcentral.com)

In many cases, it does not harm you or your baby, and it goes away within 12 weeks after childbirth. (medlineplus.gov)
Fetal macrosomia poses health risks for you and your baby - both during pregnancy and after childbirth. (sparrow.org)
During childbirth, fetal macrosomia can cause a baby to injure the birth canal - such as by tearing vaginal tissues and the muscles between the vagina and the anus (perineal muscles). (sparrow.org)
Still, electronic fetal monitoring is vitally important because there are too many things that can go wrong during childbirth. (millerandzois.com)
If during the pregnancy or childbirth the RhD negative mother is exposed to rhesus D for the first time, then she will become sensitised to the antigen, which means that she will have an immune response to blood cells from the baby ready to attach those cells upon a second exposure. (healthcentre.org.uk)

Every three weeks, Katrina Crume and Aaron Dean Calloway made the nearly two-hour journey from their home near Owensboro, Kentucky, to Louisville so their baby, Phoebe, could receive a lifesaving blood transfusion. (nortonhealthcare.com)
A baby born with hydrops fetalis may need a blood transfusion and other treatments to remove the excess fluid. (healthline.com)
Occasionally, a doctor may give the baby blood transfusions (intrauterine fetal blood transfusion) to help increase the chances that the baby will survive until birth. (healthline.com)
For immune hydrops, the baby may receive a direct transfusion of red blood cells that match its blood type. (healthline.com)
There have not been any Zika virus confirmed blood transfusion transmission cases in the United States. (cdc.gov)
There have been suspected cases of Zika transmission through blood transfusion in Brazil, and these reports are currently being investigated. (cdc.gov)

They also had heavier placentas that were less able to transport nutrients to their growing babies. (tommys.org)
Anemia can be caused by deficiency in the nutrients folic acid and vitamin B12, both of which are necessary for normal blood production. (naset.org)

Blood pressure is the force of your blood pushing against the walls of your arteries as your heart pumps blood. (medlineplus.gov)
This vascular abnormality allows blood to flow dangerously fast through part of the brain after a child is born, potentially leading to heart failure, severe brain injury, or death. (coco66.com)
Pulmonary atresia is a birth defect (pronounced PULL-mun-airy ah-TREE-sha) of the heart where the valve that controls blood flow from the heart to the lungs doesn't form at all. (cdc.gov)
Pulmonary atresia is a birth defect of the pulmonary valve, which is the valve that controls blood flow from the right ventricle (lower right chamber of the heart) to the main pulmonary artery (the blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the lungs). (cdc.gov)
Pulmonary atresia is when this valve didn't form at all, and no blood can go from the right ventricle of the heart out to the lungs. (cdc.gov)
Because a baby with pulmonary atresia may need surgery or other procedures soon after birth, this birth defect is considered a critical congenital heart defect (critical CHD). (cdc.gov)
In pulmonary atresia, since blood cannot directly flow from the right ventricle of the heart out to the pulmonary artery, blood must use other routes to bypass the unformed pulmonary valve. (cdc.gov)
The foramen ovale, a natural opening between the right and left upper chambers of the heart during pregnancy that usually closes after the baby is born, often remains open to allow blood flow to the lungs. (cdc.gov)
During pregnancy when the heart is developing, very little blood flows into or out of the right ventricle (RV), and therefore the RV doesn't fully develop and remains very small. (cdc.gov)
If the RV is under-developed, the heart can have problems pumping blood to the lungs and the body. (cdc.gov)
The causes of heart defects, such as pulmonary atresia, among most babies are unknown. (cdc.gov)
Your healthcare provider may do fetal heart monitoring during late pregnancy and labor. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
The average fetal heart rate is between 110 and 160 beats per minute. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
It may also be used to check the fetal heart rate during labor. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Because the fetal heart rate and contractions are recorded at the same time, these results can be looked at together and compared. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Why might I need fetal heart monitoring? (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Fetal heart rate monitoring is especially helpful if you have a high-risk pregnancy. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Fetal heart rate monitoring may be used to check how preterm labor medicines are affecting your baby. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
This measures the fetal heart rate as your baby moves. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Your healthcare provider may have other reasons to use fetal heart rate monitoring. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
What are the risks of fetal heart monitoring? (hopkinsmedicine.org)
You should not have internal fetal heart rate monitoring if you are HIV positive. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Certain things may make the results of fetal heart rate monitoring less accurate. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
This allows the labor and delivery health care providers to follow the fetal heart rate and how it responds to contractions. (millerandzois.com)
What Is Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring? (millerandzois.com)
Fetal heart rate monitoring is the process by which doctors and nurses use electronic devices to track the baby's heart rate in response to contractions during labor and delivery. (millerandzois.com)
This contraction panel is necessary in large part because the baby should have specific changes in heart rate based upon the contractions. (millerandzois.com)
This blood enters through the inferior vena cava (the large vein that carries blood from the lower and middle body into the right atrium of the fetal heart). (heart.org)
After oxygenated blood arrives at the right atrium, it flows through the foramen ovale (an opening between the right and left atrium) to the left ventricle, then into the aorta (the main vessel, which carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body and the brain). (heart.org)
These two bypass pathways in the fetal circulation make it possible for most fetuses to survive pregnancy even when there are complex heart problems and not be affected until after birth, when these pathways begin to close. (heart.org)
This may occur when the baby is too large to pass through the pelvis, when the fetal heart rate monitor or blood tests indicate that the baby is not tolerating labor, or if the patient or baby's life are at risk. (bidmc.org)
The fetal circulation sends most of the blood supply away from the lungs through special connections in the heart and the large blood vessels. (crh.org)
Twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence (TRAP) , a rare condition in which one twin without a functioning heart draws blood from the other twin. (yalemedicine.org)

By the late 1950s, scientists were grappling with information that they had amassed about thalassemia, an inherited anemia that arises from unusually fragile red blood cells. (laskerfoundation.org)
You may have blood tests again for anemia . (webmd.com)
Blood loss can also cause anemia - whether it's because of excessive bleeding due to injury, surgery, or a problem with the blood's clotting mechanism. (naset.org)
Slower, long-term blood loss, such as intestinal bleeding due to inflammatory bowel disease, can also cause anemia. (naset.org)
Anemia also occurs when the body isn't able to produce enough healthy red blood cells. (naset.org)
Aplastic anemia occurs when the bone marrow is unable to produce sufficient numbers of blood cells. (naset.org)
Some childhood cancers can cause anemia of this type, such as with certain types of leukemia in which abnormal cells crowd out the bone marrow cells needed to produce blood cells. (naset.org)
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia, the immune system mistakes red blood cells for foreign invaders and begins destroying them. (naset.org)
However, these forms anemia are rarely found in babies and young children. (naset.org)
Sickle cell anemia is an inherited blood disease. (naset.org)

Also, a small percent of babies can be born with neonatal lupus due to certain antibodies from the Mom's blood still being present in the baby after birth. (pregnancymagazine.com)
Personally, from the way you tell the story, if the blood had to be squeezed from the placental end into the cord to get the gas, it was probably mom's blood gas, not baby's, and therefore inaccurate. (allnurses.com)

The results indicated that moderate to high levels of alcohol exposure during early pregnancy resulted in significant differences in some circulating small RNA molecules, termed microRNAs (miRNAs), in maternal blood. (futurity.org)
Surprisingly enough during the first exposure to RhD positive foetal blood the mother's body will not be able to generate enough antibodies to actually attack those cells before they are naturally cleared by the body. (healthcentre.org.uk)

Women with early-onset PE delivered preterm, and 43% had stillborn small for gestational age (SGA) babies. (bvsalud.org)

The most common sign of being affected by high glucose and insulin levels is a baby who is larger than expected, and so at risk of macrosomia (weighing more than 4000 g at birth). (cochrane.org)
A baby who is diagnosed as having fetal macrosomia weighs more than 8 pounds, 13 ounces (4,000 grams), regardless of his or her gestational age. (sparrow.org)
Risks associated with fetal macrosomia increase greatly when birth weight is more than 9 pounds, 15 ounces (4,500 grams). (sparrow.org)
Fetal macrosomia may complicate vaginal delivery and can put the baby at risk of injury during birth. (sparrow.org)
Fetal macrosomia also puts the baby at increased risk of health problems after birth. (sparrow.org)
A larger than expected fundal height could be a sign of fetal macrosomia. (sparrow.org)
Many factors might increase the risk of fetal macrosomia - some you can control, but others you can't. (sparrow.org)
Fetal macrosomia is more likely if you had diabetes before pregnancy (pre-gestational diabetes) or if you develop diabetes during pregnancy (gestational diabetes). (sparrow.org)
Fetal macrosomia is more likely if you're obese. (sparrow.org)
Gaining too much weight during pregnancy increases the risk of fetal macrosomia. (sparrow.org)
The risk of fetal macrosomia increases with each pregnancy. (sparrow.org)
If your pregnancy continues by more than two weeks past your due date, your baby is at increased risk of fetal macrosomia. (sparrow.org)
Women older than 35 are more likely to have a baby diagnosed with fetal macrosomia. (sparrow.org)
Fetal macrosomia can cause a baby to become wedged in the birth canal (shoulder dystocia), sustain birth injuries, or require the use of forceps or a vacuum device during delivery (operative vaginal delivery). (sparrow.org)

Babies with neonatal lupus may have abnormal blood counts or a rash, but this typically resolves within a couple of weeks or months as the antibodies clear the baby's system. (pregnancymagazine.com)
Anti-D prophylaxis (anti-D IgG) can be given to prevent a woman producing antibodies against fetal RhD-positive blood cells and becoming sensitised. (biomedcentral.com)
The mother's body will begin to produce large amounts of small defensive molecules called antibodies, which are engineered to specifically target the foreign rhesus D antigens on the surface of red blood cells. (healthcentre.org.uk)
Individuals have antibodies (isohemagglutinins) in their plasma that are directed against blood group antigens that their RBCs lack (see Table 1). (medscape.com)
These individuals are known as Bombay and are able to receive only Bombay type blood, because they make antibodies to not only type A, B, or AB donor RBCs but also to type O donor red cells (anti-H), causing hemolysis of the transfused donor RBCs. (medscape.com)

For 50 years of international statesmanship in biomedical science - exemplified by discoveries concerning genetic diseases of the blood and for leadership in improving clinical care for thousands of children with thalassemia throughout the developing world. (laskerfoundation.org)
The 2010 Lasker~Koshland Award for Special Achievement in Medical Science honors a physician-scientist who has melded astute bedside observations with rigorous experiments to generate countless insights about inherited blood disorders, especially thalassemia. (laskerfoundation.org)
In 1970, he showed that babies who were stillborn because of a particularly severe form of α thalassemia did not make any α chains. (laskerfoundation.org)
Prenatal tests followed and several Mediterranean countries with high rates of β thalassemia deployed programs based on these techniques, which markedly reduced births of babies with the illness. (laskerfoundation.org)

High blood pressure , or hypertension, is when this force against your artery walls is too high. (medlineplus.gov)
But it does raise your risk of high blood pressure in the future. (medlineplus.gov)
The signs may include protein in the urine and very high blood pressure. (medlineplus.gov)
Your pregnancy is high risk if you have diabetes or high blood pressure. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
For patient education information, see Pregnancy Center , as well as High Blood Pressure . (medscape.com)
Female rat pups born to and suckled by fat-fed mothers have high blood pressure, even after being placed on a balanced diet after weaning. (cdc.gov)

Rarely, a baby might have a medical condition that makes him or her grow faster and larger. (sparrow.org)

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)--a special technique that may be used when a baby does not respond to maximum medical care. (crh.org)
I would have to agree with Shay that since blood was squeezed from the cord to obtain the gasses, they probably reflected the values of the blood from above the compressed area where oxygenation was not compromised and therefore the results would be normal. (allnurses.com)

Even though a gestational diabetes diagnosis felt scary at the time, for Jenna Wilson, support from Norton Children's Maternal-Fetal Medicine made her high-risk pregnancy much less intimidating. (nortonhealthcare.com)
All women with diabetes during pregnancy have their glucose levels closely monitored, and are treated using dietary changes, exercise or medications such as insulin or oral medication, even when their babies are not showing signs of being affected. (cochrane.org)
Only 14% to 22% of women with diabetes during pregnancy have macrosomic babies (babies weighing more than 4000 g at birth). (cochrane.org)
At present, all women with diabetes during pregnancy, even those whose babies are not showing signs of being larger, are closely monitored. (cochrane.org)
If your diabetes isn't well controlled, your baby is likely to have larger shoulders and greater amounts of body fat than would a baby whose mother doesn't have diabetes. (sparrow.org)
hypertension and vascular defects ( 8 , 9 ), altered fetal pancreatic development and structure ( 10 ), altered glucose tolerance ( 11 ), altered liver structure and function ( 12 ), altered gene expression ( 13 ), and possibly type 2 diabetes mellitus ( 10 ). (cdc.gov)

It's important to speak with a genetic counselor if your baby is at risk for hereditary conditions. (kidshealth.org)
Flickr, abbybatchelder In the not-so-distant past, testing an unborn baby for Down syndrome and other severe genetic disorders required a procedure with a long, gruesome needle and an unnerving risk of miscarriage. (the-scientist.com)
But perhaps most importantly, the promise of more powerful fetal tests in the near future may breed a new host of ethical questions facing parents and geneticists alike, as they struggle with how much genetic information they want to know and can interpret about an unborn child. (the-scientist.com)
At the laboratory, scientists use an informatics algorithm to compute the similarity of genetic markers between the fetal DNA and the alleged father's DNA. (easydna.co.uk)

PPHN is more likely in babies whose mothers took certain medications in late pregnancy, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and selective serotonin receptor inhibitors (SSRIs). (crh.org)

The company's technology centers on using small molecules to prevent tumors from forming blood vessels and regulating the pathways of cellular, genomic, and proteomic targets. (encyclopedia.com)

This dramatically reduced maternal sensitisations and cases of rhesus disease in babies [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Rhesus disease is essentially the complication that occurs when a rhesus D positive baby is born in a rhesus D negative mother. (healthcentre.org.uk)

Your health care provider will check your blood pressure and urine at each prenatal visit. (medlineplus.gov)
During early pregnancy, you may have some concerns about already existing health conditions and how you and your baby will be affected. (womens-health.co.uk)
The team obtained detailed health and alcohol consumption histories and second and third trimester blood samples from each woman. (futurity.org)
One of the goals of your first visit to the obstetrician's office is to confirm your pregnancy and see whether you or your baby could be at risk for any health problems. (kidshealth.org)
The relationship between these two is critical to the health of the baby. (millerandzois.com)
Testing may be done to check the mother's urine, blood and physical health. (goredforwomen.org)
A health care professional will monitor mother and baby at regular prenatal visits. (goredforwomen.org)
Birth by cesarean section is sometimes necessary to ensure a patient's health or that of the baby. (bidmc.org)
It's a safe way to check the health of an unborn baby. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Medical Care During Pregnancy Ideally, a couple who is thinking of having a baby should see a doctor or other health care practitioner to discuss whether pregnancy is advisable. (msdmanuals.com)

Very low-certainty evidence means that we are unclear about the results relating to the risks of the mother having blood pressure disorders during pregnancy (2 trials, 325 women). (cochrane.org)

José Villar , Professor of Perinatal Medicine at the University of Oxford, who co-led the study said: 'This is the first comprehensive evidence, across geographic populations, of the complex interaction between maternal and fetal metabolism that regulates, early in pregnancy, unique fetal trajectories linked specifically to weight, adiposity and development during childhood. (ox.ac.uk)

Anatomy18

Organisms2

Diseases19

Chemicals and Drugs7

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment28

Psychiatry and Psychology3

Phenomena and Processes25

Information Science1

Named Groups3

Health Care7

Mother's blood10

Ultrasound17

Fetus29

Nucleated fetal cells1

Cell-free fetal3

Decelerated fetal growth1

Preeclampsia16

History of fetal2

Pregnancies4

Types of fetal1

Affect the fetal1

Amniocentesis2

Placenta6

Morbidity2

Pregnant20

Uterus8

Uterine2

Unborn babies3

Complications1

Distress6

Obesity2

Umbilical cord3

Present in maternal blood1

Detect6

Abnormalities5

Womb3

Test20

Stillbirth1

Oxygen22

Adverse3

Growth13

Newborn5

Outcomes5

Postnatal1

Childbirth5

Transfusion6

Nutrients2

Heart33

Anemia10

Mom's2

Exposure2

Preterm1

Macrosomia14

Antibodies5

Thalassemia4

High blood pr6

Rarely1

Oxygenation2

Diabetes6

Genetic4

Mothers1

Tumors1

Rhesus disease2

Health10

Risks1

Early in pregnancy1