Axon afferent pathways. Medical search. Frequent questions

4) Hofmann neurons receive afferent terminals from a longitudinal column of commissural interneurons located contralaterally in close approximation to the central canal. (nih.gov)
The axon trajectories of the presynaptic neurons are similar to those of the Hofmann neurons. (nih.gov)
Neurons are the excitable cells that process and transmit these reflex signals through their axons, dendrites, and cell bodies. (wikipedia.org)
Axons directly facilitate intercellular communication projecting from the neuronal cell body to other neurons, local muscle tissue, glands and arterioles. (wikipedia.org)
The axon reflex pathway does not include an integration center or synapse that relays communication between neurons in the spinal cord reflex. (wikipedia.org)
The stimulus, therefore, is diverted to the effector organ without entering the neuronal cell body and therefore indicates that the axon reflex is not a true reflex where afferent impulses pass through the central nervous system before stimulating efferent neurons. (wikipedia.org)
These mechanoreceptors are innervated by the first-order neurons of the tactile pathway. (nature.com)
The perforant pathway, which is formed by the axons of pyramidal neurons in the entorhinal cortex (EC), is one of the main cortical inputs that reach the DG. (biomedcentral.com)
The third synapse of the circuit is established between Schaffer collaterals (the axons of the CA3 pyramidal neurons) and dendrites of CA1 pyramidal neurons, which project back to the subiculum and the EC. (biomedcentral.com)
It is formed by the axons of OLFACTORY RECEPTOR NEURONS which project from the olfactory epithelium (in the nasal epithelium) to the OLFACTORY BULB. (lookformedical.com)
Slender processes of NEURONS, including the AXONS and their glial envelopes (MYELIN SHEATH). (lookformedical.com)
Efferent for adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary): Neurons of tuberal nucleus of hypothalamus send axons to infundibulum of pituitary gland. (kypho.com)
These axon bundles are known as tuberoinfundibular tract which transports two hormones liberated by neurons of tuberal nucleus. (kypho.com)
This study describes the degenerative changes of the axon terminals making synaptic contacts with the neurons in the submucous ganglia of guinea pig small and large intestines following left or right cervical vagotomy. (shengsci.com)
Beginning at the 3rd postoperative day for the small intestines and the 5th day for the large intestines, some of the axon terminals presynaptic to the submucous neurons displayed different stages of degeneration. (shengsci.com)
The cell bodies of primary afferent neurons are located in the dorsal root ganglia, which lie in the vertebral foramina at each spinal cord level. (brainkart.com)
The majority of first-order neurons send the proximal end of their axons into the spinal cord via the dorsal (sensory) spinal root at each cervical, thoracic, lum-bar, and sacral level. (brainkart.com)
Once in the dorsal horn, in addition to synapsing with second-order neurons, the axons of first-order neurons may synapse with interneurons, sympathetic neurons, and ventral horn motor neurons. (brainkart.com)
Typical pyramidal neurons have conical cell body with prominent apical dendrite perpendicular to surface branching in the cortical layer I, several dendrites arising from base and oriented towards to the adjacent white matter, dendrites covered by spines, and finally, long axons that form association, commissural or projection fibers. (srce.hr)
Properties of unitary afferent synapses Afferent insight towards the antennal lobe originates from olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). (healthanddietblog.info)
There they make nicotinic synapses with projection neurons (PNs), which send axons to raised brain locations [17]. (healthanddietblog.info)
This sensory-evoked PAD is thought to be mediated by a trisynaptic circuit, where sensory input activates first-order excitatory neurons that activate GABAergic neurons that in turn activate GABAA receptors on afferents to cause PAD, though the identity of these first-order neurons is unclear. (bvsalud.org)
In addition, V3 neurons directly innervate proprioceptive afferents (including Ia), causing a glutamate receptor-mediated PAD (glutamate PAD). (bvsalud.org)
Overall, we show the V3 neuron has a prominent role in modulating sensory transmission, in addition to its previously described role in locomotion.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Locomotor-related propriospinal neurons depolarize sensory axons throughout the spinal cord by either direct glutamatergic axoaxonic contacts or indirect innervation of GABAergic neurons that themselves form axoaxonic contacts on sensory axons. (bvsalud.org)
Both direct and indirect corticostriatal axons branch moderately but occupy vast rostrocaudal striatal territories, where they appear to contact en passant several widely distributed striatal neurons. (ulaval.ca)
One suggested system that could lead along with others in countering inhibitory activities of DA VTA cell activation was cocaine\induced excitation of afferents directed to DA VTA neurons. (cell-signaling-pathways.com)
2002a,b) and activation of afferents aimed from your LDT towards the VTA leads to excitatory membrane currents in VTA neurons (Lammel et?al. (cell-signaling-pathways.com)
2016). This mind stem to mid mind pathway is involved with medication\habit behaviors as optogenetic activation of LDT neurons sending projections towards the VTA induced conditioned place choice (CPP), a typical, preclinical style of incentive, actually in the lack of medication (Lammel et?al. (cell-signaling-pathways.com)
Presynaptic inhibition: primary afferent depolarization in crayfish neurons. (stanford.edu)
These are either dendrites that receive signals from other neurons, or axons that send signals along to other neurons. (osmosis.org)
Where two neurons come together is called a synapse, and that's where one end of an axon sends neurotransmitters to the dendrites or directly to the cell body of the next neuron in the series. (osmosis.org)
To trigger the release of neurotransmitters, neurons use an electrical signal that races down the axon, known as the action potential. (osmosis.org)
Gobel's studies with the electron microscope traced the axons and dendrites of the trigeminal system and the spinal cord, identifying those neurons which projected to the brain, and mapping the network of local 'interneurons' within the spinal cord. (nih.gov)
Distribution of chemical messengers within axons descending from the brain (blue), primary afferent fibers transmitting from skin and tissues (pink), and intrinsic 'relay' neurons. (nih.gov)
In 1982, Ruda was able to demonstrate that the endogenous, or internally produced, opioid enkephalin made direct synaptic contact with the spinal cord neurons projecting to the thalamus , implying that these projection pathways were a major site of this peptide's modulation of sensory input about pain. (nih.gov)
GM-CSF activated the Jak2 and Stat3 signaling pathway which promoted the transcription of Nav1.7-1.9 in DRG neurons. (iasp-pain.org)
How many sensory neurons are apart of the pathway? (freezingblue.com)
The posterior pituitary contains the axons of neurons whose cell bodies reside in the hypothalamus which is part of the central nervous system. (tomsk.ru)

Describe the variety of afferent fibers (axons) used by the subsystems. (powershow.com)
Special visceral afferent: These are the afferent fibers from the gustatory pathway. (kypho.com)
Visual afferent: Afferent fibers from visual pathway pass from opticchiasma to supraoptic nucleus of hypothalamus via retinohypothalamic tract. (kypho.com)
Olfactory afferent: Fibers from olfactory pathway pass to hypothalamus as medial forebrain bundle. (kypho.com)
Descending cortical afferent: These are corticohypothalamic fibers descending from frontal lobe of cerebral cortex directly to hypothalamus. (kypho.com)
Hippocampal afferent: Fibers from hippocampus pass along the curved course of fornix to reach mammillary body. (kypho.com)
Afferent from amygdaloid body: These are the fibers of stria terminalis which extend from amygdaloid body around the curve of thalamus to reach hypothalamus. (kypho.com)
Afferent from thalamus: These are fibers reaching hypothalamus from dorsomedial, anterior and midline nuclei of thalamus. (kypho.com)
Afferent from midbrain: These are the fibers from tegmentum of midbrain. (kypho.com)
Small myelinated fibers transmit preganglionic autonomic efferents (B fibers) and somatic afferents (A delta fibers). (medscape.com)
Unmyelinated (C) fibers transmit postganglionic autonomic efferents as well as somatic and autonomic afferents. (medscape.com)
Some unmyelinated afferent (C) fibers have been shown to enter the spinal cord via the ventral nerve (motor) root, accounting for obser-vations that some patients continue to feel pain even after transection of the dorsal nerve root (rhizotomy) and report pain following ventral root stimulation. (brainkart.com)
As afferent fibers enter the spinal cord, they segre-gate according to size, with large, myelinated fibers becoming medial, and small, unmyelinated fibers becoming lateral. (brainkart.com)
The free nerve endings of primary afferent A delta and C fibers are responsible for nociception ( Table 133-1 ). (mhmedical.com)
The axons of the A delta are thinly myelinated with a faster conduction speed of 5-15 m/s in contrast to the unmyelinated C fibers with a conduction speed of 1-2 m/s. (mhmedical.com)
These signals are transmitted from the peripheral terminals of extrinsic sensory nerve fibers, located within the wall of the colon or rectum, and via their axons within the spinal splanchnic and pelvic nerves to the spinal cord. (edu.au)
7 These fibers, which originate in the skin at the junction of the dermis and epidermis, have thin axons but extensive terminal branching. (asahq.org)
The neural elements of somatosensory receptors in the hands and feet represent the distal extreme of long afferent fibers, and thus, are par- ticularly vulnerable in the distal axonopathies. (cdc.gov)
Propagation speed is higher in myelinated fibers because the myelin cover has regular gaps (nodes of Ranvier) where the axon is exposed. (msdmanuals.com)

In the axon reflex, signaling starts in the middle of the axon at the stimulation site and transmits signals directly to the effector organ skipping both an integration center and a chemical synapse present in the spinal cord reflex. (wikipedia.org)
The axon reflex arc is distinct from the spinal cord reflex arc. (wikipedia.org)
In the spinal cord reflex pathway the afferent neuron transmits information to spinal cord interneurons. (wikipedia.org)
They described the axon reflex as a new type of peripheral (or local) reflex where electrical signal starts in the middle of the axon and transmit immediately skipping both an integration center and a chemical synapse as typically observed in the spinal cord reflex. (wikipedia.org)
General visceral afferent: General sensations from viscera, sense of stretch, compression or distension and pain sensation due to lack of oxygen following ischemia, primarily reach the autonomic center of brain (dorsal nucleus of vagus) and spinal cord (T1 - L2 and S2 - S4 segments). (kypho.com)
Since individuals have multiple parallel afferent somatosensory pathways (e.g., the anterior spinothalamic tract and the dorsal column tracts within the spinal cord), SEPs can be normal in patients with significant sensory deficits. (medscape.com)
Lesioning of the dorsal columns of the spinal cord rostral to the root levels where the afferent somatosensory activity enters the spinal cord abolishes the SEPs generated in the brain. (medscape.com)
Each neuron has a single axon that bifurcates, sending one end to the peripheral tissues it innervates and the other into the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. (brainkart.com)
When a muscle is stretched, sensory feedback not only causes reflexes but also leads to a depolarization of sensory afferents throughout the spinal cord (primary afferent depolarization, PAD), readying the whole limb for further disturbances. (bvsalud.org)
It also comprises collaterals from long-range corticofugal axons, which can thus provide to the striatum a copy of the neural information that is being conveyed to the brainstem and/or spinal cord. (ulaval.ca)
The axon of either the 1st, or 2nd order neuron decussates to the opposite side of the spinal cord or brain stem as it decends. (freezingblue.com)

Affected individuals may experience problems with how they see the world (afferent visual pathway symptoms) and/or how smoothly and synchronously their eyes move together (efferent visual pathway disorders). (medscape.com)
Efferent visual pathway lesions can create a perception of oscillopsia, a visual disturbance in which objects appear to jiggle or move owing to nystagmus (involuntary eye movements). (medscape.com)
Efferent to neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary): Axons of supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of hypothalamus extend upto posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis). (kypho.com)
In this review, we examined the efficacy of acupuncture with regard to urinary incontinence, and assessed the levels of the autonomic efferent and afferent pathways and the depth of the needle insertion in the acupuncture. (spandidos-publications.com)
Broadly speaking, the nervous system can be split into an afferent or sensory division and an efferent or motor division. (osmosis.org)

Given these physiological observations, the bio-inspired afferents are randomly connected to the several neighboring mechanoreceptors with different weights to form their own receptive field. (nature.com)
Here, we will restrict our study to the physiological pathway involved in the ability of an animal to detect and react to noxious stimuli that could potentially impair its tegument by escaping away from that stimulus. (frontiersin.org)
Appreciation of the internal order of the transplants makes it possible to investigate the cortical and retinal afferent pathways using physiological techniques. (edu.au)
In this review we traverse this complicated landscape to elucidate afferent function, structure, and nomenclature to provide insights into how the extrinsic sensory afferent innervation of the colon and rectum gives rise to physiological defecatory reflexes and sensations of discomfort, bloating, urgency, and pain. (edu.au)
6. A comparison is made between the properties of hibituation and the homosynaptic depression of afferent to interneurone synapses that is presumed to be the physiological mechanism of habituation in this situation. (stanford.edu)
Our findings describe a novel bone cancer pain mechanism and provide a new insight into the physiological and pathological functions of GM-CSF.It has been reported that GM-CSF plays a key role in bone cancer pain, yet the underlying mechanisms involved in GM-CSF-mediated signaling pathway in nociceptors is not fully understood. (iasp-pain.org)
Se- lective receptor inactivation is an early change fol- lowing exposure to certain neurotoxins, e.g., failure of the generator potential, followed by loss of the axon filopod processes in Pacinian corpuscles, are early physiological and morphological alterations following acrylamide intoxication (4, 5). (cdc.gov)
Hormone receptors in the endocrine system often trigger changes in gene expression to alter the activities of key biochemical or physiological pathways. (tomsk.ru)

We have examined the maturation of tectal tissue transplanted from fetal rats to the midbrain of newborns and have characterized the distribution of host retinal and cortical afferents within the transplants. (edu.au)
Cortical afferents spread more broadly in the transplants, but are largely absent from areas of optic termination and from other more deeply located regions with sparse fiber staining properties. (edu.au)
Most, possibly all, afferents reaching thalamus, ascending and cortical, are branches of axons that innervate decrease centers, in order that thalamocortical pathways can be viewed typically as screens of ongoing motor directions. (riddimsaunter.net)

Axons of nucleus tractus solitarius ascend to ventroposteromedial nucleus of thalamus as solitariothalamic tract. (kypho.com)
In the dorsal horn, the pri-mary afferent neuron synapses with a second-order neuron whose axon crosses the midline and ascends in the contralateral spinothalamic tract to reach the thalamus. (brainkart.com)
One of the roles of those modulatory pathways is to change the transfer of data by way of the thalamus, in accord with present attentional calls for. (riddimsaunter.net)
In pathways ending at the cerebral cortex, the 2nd-order neuron synapses on a 3rd-order neuron in the thalamus. (freezingblue.com)
The axon of the 3rd-order neuron carries sensory information from the thalamus to the appropiate sensory area of the cerebral cortex. (freezingblue.com)

Some individuals with MS and other CNS inflammatory syndromes also may experience homonymous visual field defects caused by lesions in retrochiasmal or retrogeniculate (posterior) regions of the afferent visual pathway. (medscape.com)
Assessment of the afferent visual pathway using clinical, imaging and electrophysiological methods provides insights into the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis and may also serve a prognostic role in multiple sclerosis. (tjn.org.tr)

The axon reflex was discovered and was described as "a new type of peripheral reflex" that bypasses the integration center and synapse in the central nervous system. (wikipedia.org)
The aforementioned axons establish the first synapse with the dendrites of dentate granule cells (DGCs). (biomedcentral.com)
Their unmyelinated AXONS synapse in the OLFACTORY BULB of the BRAIN. (lookformedical.com)
A neuron generates and propagates an action potential along its axon, then transmits this signal across a synapse by releasing neurotransmitters, which trigger a reaction in another neuron or an effector cell (eg, muscle cells, most exocrine and endocrine cells). (msdmanuals.com)

Interneuron upon which the axon of the first order neuron synapses. (freezingblue.com)

The first six laminae, which make up the dorsal horn, receive all afferent neural activity and represent the principal site of modulation of pain by ascending and descending neural pathways. (brainkart.com)
Minimally, a recep- tor includes a peripheral axon terminal of one pri- mary afferent neuron, whose cell body is sited proximally in the dorsal root ganglion. (cdc.gov)

Thus, adults with chronic cough now have a firm physical explanation for their symptoms based on vagal afferent hypersensitivity. (ersjournals.com)

Sensory and corticospinal tract (CST) pathways activate spinal GABAergic interneurons that have axoaxonic connections onto proprioceptive (Ia) afferents that cause long-lasting depolarizations (termed primary afferent depolarization, PAD). (bvsalud.org)

But finally afferent fiber from these centers ascend through reticular formation to reach hypothalamus which is considered as headganglion of autonomic nervous system. (kypho.com)

Host retinal afferents project to clearly circumscribed regions, where they synapase mainly on small dendrites or dendritic spines, and only rarely on vesicle‐containing profiles. (edu.au)
Early studies revealed that in response to deafferentation, axons of remaining fiber systems and dendrites of mature granule cells undergo lamina-specific changes, providing one of the first examples of structural plasticity in the adult brain. (frontiersin.org)

1) Each neuron extends a commissural axon through the ventral gray matter and across the midline in the ventral commissure. (nih.gov)

Recent studies utilizing electrophysiological, anatomical and gene expression techniques indicate a surprisingly diverse set of distinct afferent subclasses, which innervate all layers of the colon and rectum. (edu.au)

Pain is conducted along three neuronal pathways that transmit noxious stimuli from the periphery to the cerebral cortex. (brainkart.com)
The somatosensory pathways are a complex network of nerves that transmit sensory information. (osmosis.org)

The discovery of the axonal reflex found that the axon reflex activates local arterioles causing vasodilation and muscle contraction. (wikipedia.org)
Because perforant path axons are lesioned at a site remote from the dentate, this model is particularly useful to evaluate axonal sprouting from other pathways terminating in the dentate gyrus. (frontiersin.org)
The RNFL is composed of unmyelinated axons, and measuring RNFL thickness is a viable method to monitor axonal loss reflecting disease progression. (tjn.org.tr)
Action potential propagation along an axon is electrical, caused by the exchanges of sodium and potassium ions across the axonal membrane. (msdmanuals.com)

Perhaps the most promising future developments in pharmacotherapy are drugs which tackle neuronal hypersensitivity by blocking excitability of afferent nerves by inhibiting targets such as the ATP receptor (P2X3). (ersjournals.com)
Peripheral nerves contain non-neuronal cells and connective tissue as well as axons. (lookformedical.com)
Such neuronal translocation constitutes an additional not generally recognized clearance pathway for inhaled solid UFP, whose significance for humans, however, still needs to be estab- lished. (cdc.gov)
Neuronal organization of crayfish escape behavior: inhibition of giant motoneuron via a disynaptic pathway from other motoneurons. (stanford.edu)

In rodents, sensory-evoked PAD is produced by GABAA receptors at nodes of Ranvier in Ia afferents, rather than at presynaptic terminals, and facilitates spike propagation to motoneurons by preventing branch-point failures, rather than causing presynaptic inhibition. (bvsalud.org)

The axon reflex (or the flare response) is the response stimulated by peripheral nerves of the body that travels away from the nerve cell body and branches to stimulate target organs. (wikipedia.org)
Although Lewis observed vasodilation that could be explained by axon reflex, there was not yet direct evidence explaining the branching of nerves from the center of an axon rather than a cell body or which chemical agents were responsible for the goose bump, red line, and dilated blood vessel symptoms. (wikipedia.org)

The impulse is limited to a single bifurcated axon, or a neuron whose axon branches into two divisions and does not cause a general response to surrounding tissue. (wikipedia.org)
One of the main features of biological tactile afferents is that their distal axon branches in the skin, creating complex receptive fields. (nature.com)
Conclusions The lateral arcading branches of the DNP provide a sensory pathway on the ventral and lateral penile shaft, and the termination of the fibres at the corpus spongiosum is consistent with pudendal innervation of the penile urethra. (cirp.org)
These results are consistent with sensory and CST pathways activating nodal GABAA receptors that reduce intermittent failure of action potentials propagating into Ia afferent branches. (bvsalud.org)

There is a small overlap of the axon populations originating from adjacent Hofmann nuclei. (nih.gov)

2) Throughout their longitudinal course the axons give rise to terminal collaterals that are concentrated in lamina 8. (nih.gov)
8. Lindvall, O., Björklund, A.: Dopaminengic innervation of the globus pallidus by collaterals from the nigrostriatal pathway. (lu.se)

Somatic afferent: Exteroceptive sensations, e.g. touch/pressure and pain/temperature sensations are carried via ventral and lateral spinothalamic tracts respectively. (kypho.com)
the spinothalamic pathway which conveys information about pain and temperature, and the trigeminal pathway which conveys information about sensations from the face, including touch, pressure, and pain. (osmosis.org)
What does the spinothalamic pathway carry? (freezingblue.com)

Similarly the release of cholinergic agents at sudomotor nerve terminals evokes an axon reflex that stimulates sweat glands inducing the body to sweat in response to heat. (wikipedia.org)
We show that noxious stimuli applied to the cuticle of cockroaches evoke responses in sensory axons that are distinct from tactile sensory axons in the sensory afferent nerve. (frontiersin.org)
bulbs are consistent with earlier studies in nonhuman primates and rodents that demonstrated that intranasally instilled solid UFP translocate along axons of the olfactory nerve into the CNS. (cdc.gov)
13 Results: The intrapancreatic ganglia were detected as groups of nerve cells and axons in the 14 connective tissue between the pancreatic acini of the rat pancreas. (myessaywriters.co)

The morphological maturation of this cell population is crucial for the establishment of appropriate afferent connections from the perforant pathway. (biomedcentral.com)

Neurotoxicology Toxic neuropathy characterized by degeneration in the distal segments of large-diameter axons (dis- tal axonopathy) is a common morphological reaction 24 of the peripheral nervous system to exogenous toxins (2, 3). (cdc.gov)

In the animals killed 7 d after vagotomy, besides the above changes, the degenerating axon terminals also showed an accumulation of a variable amount of glycogen-like particles. (shengsci.com)
The present quantitative studies also showed that the number of degenerating axon terminals in the submucous ganglia of duodenum after left vagotomy was higher than right vagotomy (P (shengsci.com)
The larger number of degenerating terminals in the submucous ganglia of duodenum after left vagotomy suggests that the presynaptic axon terminals in the submucous ganglia of different gut regions are not evenly distributed. (shengsci.com)

Combined these afferent sub-types allow the detection of luminal contents, low- and high-intensity stretch or contraction, in addition to the detection of inflammatory, immune, and microbial mediators. (edu.au)
The purpose of this review is to facilitate an understanding of the pathways and mediators involved in the development and central transmission of the itch sensation, to describe the methods available to evaluate itch, and to provide a basis for its rational therapy. (asahq.org)

Long trains of cutaneous or proprioceptive afferent conditioning produced longer-lasting facilitation of the H-reflex for up to 2 min, consistent with tonic PAD in rodent Ia afferents mediated by nodal α5-GABAA receptors for similar stimulation trains. (bvsalud.org)
Facilitation of H-reflexes by this conditioning was likely not mediated by direct facilitation of the motoneurons because isolated stimulation of sensory or CST pathways did not alone facilitate the tonic firing rate of motor units. (bvsalud.org)

Our findings suggest that the synergy between sensory afferents and nociceptors conveys more information about tactile stimuli which in turn leads to the robustness of the proposed neuromorphic system against damage to the taxels or afferents. (nature.com)
Indeed, activation of tactile afferents spatially encodes the contact stimuli and sends the tactile information to the upper layers of the somatosensory pathway. (nature.com)
In this work, we examine the nociceptive pathway in an insect, the cockroach Periplaneta americana , from detection of noxious stimuli to nocifensive behavior. (frontiersin.org)
It is the afferent activity produced in the peripheral and central nervous systems by stimuli that have the potential to damage tissue. (mhmedical.com)
The changes in these pathways are sufficient to regulate parameters such as serum calcium or glucose or respond to external stimuli such as stress. (tomsk.ru)

Since the axons in the somatosensory system can be very long, the fact that myelin helps speed up action potentials is super important! (osmosis.org)

Lewis believed that the skin's response was due to the dilation of neighboring blood vessels that were triggered by the nervous system through the axon reflex. (wikipedia.org)
3 Sensory information from the pancreas is sent up to the central nervous system through both 65 vagal and spinal pathways (23,4). (myessaywriters.co)
Its axon runs at least the entire length of the abdominal nervous system. (stanford.edu)
To help speed up that electrical signal, some axons are intermittently wrapped by a fatty protective sheath called myelin, which comes from glial cells like oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system, and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system . (osmosis.org)

The axon reflex is possible through the transmission of signals from the cutaneous receptors on the skin. (wikipedia.org)
H-reflexes in several leg muscles were facilitated by prior conditioning from low-threshold proprioceptive, cutaneous or CST pathways, with a similar long-lasting time course (â ¼200 ms) to phasic PAD measured in rodent Ia afferents. (bvsalud.org)

These modulatory functions may be anticipated to behave on corticocortical communication along with their motion on ascending pathways. (riddimsaunter.net)

In the present study, we propose a bio-inspired tactile system with a population of 23 digital afferents: 12 RA-I, 6 SA-I, and 5 nociceptors. (nature.com)

But it has been proved experimentally that sound stimulating cochlear pathway stimulates activity of hypothalamus. (kypho.com)

Abstract Parkinson's disease is a neurological disorder associated with the disfunction of dopaminergic pathways of the basal ganglia, mainly resulting in a progressive alteration in the execution of voluntary movements. (marbilab.eu)

2. An inhibitory interneuron in the pathway has been identified. (stanford.edu)

In this way, the impact of the innervation mechanism and collaboration of afferents and nociceptors on sharpness recognition are investigated. (nature.com)
The innervation pattern enables individual afferents to encode a portion of the geometric characteristics of the touched objects 4 . (nature.com)
To add further complexity, the proportions of these afferents vary within splanchnic and pelvic pathways, whilst the density of the splanchnic and pelvic innervation also varies along the colon and rectum. (edu.au)

However, the involvement of the eEF2 pathway in cocaine-induced neuroadaptations and cocaine-induced behaviours is not known. (nature.com)
These results suggest that the eEF2 pathway play a role in cocaine-induced locomotor sensitization and conditioned place preference. (nature.com)
2008). One mind stem way to obtain the cocaine\induced cFOS\positive afferents tagged pursuing retrograde tracer shots in the VTA was the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (LDT) (Geisler et?al. (cell-signaling-pathways.com)

The long terminal axon is elliptical in section, is provided with juxtaposed filopod pro- cesses, and has a bulbous ultraterminal ending from whose entire surface filopod processes emanate in a hydra-like array. (cdc.gov)

The pathway of the intrapancreatic ganglia is 17 considered a short and direct or indirect pathway with the myenteric plexus in regulating the 18 endocrine and exocrine reaction of the pancreas. (myessaywriters.co)
Therefore, the intrapancreatic ganglia control 27 any metabolic changes through direct or indirect pathways and any disease that affect the ganglia 28 my affect the exocrine or endocrine function of the pancreas for example it may cause diabetes 29 mellitus. (myessaywriters.co)

However, we recently found that the eEF2 (elongation) pathway is affected by dopamine D1 receptor activation in an NMDA receptor-dependent manner [ 22 ]. (nature.com)

the rostral axons shift progressively more laterally while the caudal axons tend not to deviate from their initial course. (nih.gov)

The latter pathway involves the pituitary and hypothalamus. (tomsk.ru)

After reaching the contralateral ventral columns the individual axons bifurcate and extend rostrally and caudally up to 5 spinal segments in each direction. (nih.gov)

Single-axon tracing study of corticostriatal projections arising from primary motor cortex in primates. (ulaval.ca)

Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) consist of a series of waves that reflect sequential activation of neural structures along the somatosensory pathways. (medscape.com)
When stimulated a receptor passes information to the form of action potentials in an afferent (sensory) fiber. (freezingblue.com)
Receptors often include nonneural elements which incorporate and interact with the axon terminal in initiating generator potentials. (cdc.gov)

Results The shaft and glans were innervated by separate populations of axons. (cirp.org)

Anatomy44

Organisms3

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs9

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment9

Psychiatry and Psychology4

Phenomena and Processes17

Disciplines and Occupations1

Neurons38

Fibers19

Spinal Cord11

Efferent5

Physiological8

Cortical3

Thalamus5

Visual pathway2

Synapse4

Synapses1

Dorsal2

Vagal afferent1

Interneurons1

Autonomic1

Dendrites2

Midline1

Innervate1

Transmit2

Axonal4

Neuronal4

Presynaptic Terminals1

Nerves2

Branches4

Nuclei1

Collaterals2

Spinothalamic3

Nerve4

Perforant1

Distal1

Terminals3

Mediators2

Stimulation2

Stimuli5

Somatosensory system1

Nervous system4

Cutaneous2

Modulatory1

Tactile1

Stimulates1

Basal1

Interneuron1

Innervation3

Cocaine-induced3

Processes1

Ganglia2

Dopamine1

Rostral1

Hypothalamus1

Ventral1

Primary1

Potentials3

Populations1