• Asian lineage H7N9 and highly pathogenic avian influenza Asian lineage H5N1 viruses have been responsible for most human illness from bird flu viruses worldwide to date, including the most serious illnesses and illness with the highest mortality. (cdc.gov)
  • Acquisition of α2-6 sialoside receptor specificity by α2-3 specific highly-pathogenic avian influenza viruses (H5N1) is thought to be a prerequisite for efficient transmission in humans. (nih.gov)
  • However, a reassortant virus with the mutant hemagglutinin, a human N2 neuraminidase and internal genes from an H5N1 virus was partially transmitted via respiratory droplets. (nih.gov)
  • The complex changes required for airborne transmissibility in ferrets suggest that extensive evolution is needed for H5N1 transmissibility in humans. (nih.gov)
  • Confirmed of suspected outbreaks of avian influenza (H5N1) remain widespread among poultry in China (14/31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities), Thailand (40/76 provinces), and Vietnam (28/64 provinces). (eurosurveillance.org)
  • 27 March 2014 - The Ministry of Health and Population in Egypt recently reported two new human cases of avian influenza A(H5N1) virus infections to WHO. (who.int)
  • The cases were laboratory-confirmed at the Central Public Health Laboratory in Egypt which is also a national influenza centre, as well as at US NAMRU-3, a WHO reference laboratory for diagnosis of influenza A(H5N1) infection. (who.int)
  • To date, a total of 175 human cases, including 63 deaths, have been reported in Egypt from avian influenza A(H5N1). (who.int)
  • The causative agent behind this outbreak was identified as H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV). (nature.com)
  • Sanmenxia Clade 2.3.2.1c-like H5N1 viruses possess the closest genetic identity to A/Alberta/01/2014 (H5N1), which recently caused a fatal respiratory infection in Canada with signs of meningoencephalitis, a highly unusual symptom with influenza infections in humans. (nature.com)
  • As of 31 March 2015, H5N1 virus caused at least 826 laboratory-confirmed human infections, including 440 deaths across 16 countries 2 . (nature.com)
  • The Qinghai-like Clade 2.2 virus was found to possess a high genetic relationship with viruses isolated from other countries on the migratory flyway of wild birds 4 , suggesting that the migration of wild birds played an important role in circulating H5N1 HPAIV viruses between the different avian populations. (nature.com)
  • 2. With the confirmation of avian influenza in some countries of the African Region early this year, the risk of human infection due to the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 will persist, as will the threats of occurrence of an influenza pandemic. (who.int)
  • So far, the majority of the human H5N1 (haemagluttinin type 5 and neuraminidase subtype 1) infections have been linked to close contact with infected domestic birds during home slaughtering, de-feathering, butchering and preparation for cooking. (who.int)
  • The presence of the H5N1 virus in Africa is of great concern to human and animal health due to several factors requiring urgent action by Member States. (who.int)
  • The number of humans infected by H5N1 is increasing. (who.int)
  • H3N8 viruses are a different influenza A virus subtype and unrelated to H5N1 viruses currently spreading among wild birds and poultry in the United States and globally. (cdc.gov)
  • Over the past two decades, H7N9 viruses have caused the highest number of human infections with bird flu viruses, and H5N1 viruses have caused the second highest number of human infections . (cdc.gov)
  • CDC has guidance for specific groups of people with exposure to poultry, including poultry workers and people responding to outbreaks of avian influenza A(H5N1) in poultry. (cdc.gov)
  • The specific virus that they get is H5N1, which is a subtype of avian influenza. (wikipedia.org)
  • Because the virus infects the lungs of cats, it is one of the preferred model animals to study the effects of H5N1 in humans. (wikipedia.org)
  • The strain previously considered the greatest threat was H5N1, mostly because of the high associated mortality rate (up to 60%) in infected humans. (medscape.com)
  • [ 4 ] A reassorted H5N1 virus has been reported in the United States among wild birds but is not considered a threat to humans. (medscape.com)
  • H5N1 was first reported to cause severe human disease in 1997 in an outbreak among infected chickens on Hong Kong Island. (medscape.com)
  • The H5N1 outbreaks among poultry in Asia have been associated with human cases in Thailand and Vietnam. (thepoultrysite.com)
  • The rapid spread of the A(H5N1) virus to previously unaffected areas and its successful persistence during summer months has likely been facilitated by ongoing evolution and reassortment with local low pathogenic avian (LPAI) viruses. (earth.com)
  • Consequently, HPAI viruses have impacted wild bird populations worldwide, with the influenza A(H5N1) virus causing the death of more than 40 percent of the pelican population in Chile and Peru. (earth.com)
  • While human infections with A(H5N1) have been reported in a few countries, symptoms vary from mild to severe, and even death, often related to exposure to infected birds, culling activities, or contaminated environments. (earth.com)
  • There are many types of avian influenza viruses, but only a few of them have caused serious concerns for human health, most notably H5N1, H7N9 and H5N8. (earth.com)
  • Supported by the Cambodian National Animal Health and Production Research Insititute, the researchers pay frequent visits to the live poultry markets to monitor the circulation of avian influenza viruses, in particular highly pathogenic A(H5N1) viruses. (pasteur.fr)
  • From a virological standpoint, we have an exclusive circulation of the same variant of the influenza A(H5N1) virus since March 2014. (pasteur.fr)
  • Their reasoning is simple: the influenza A(H5N1) virus is highly pathogenic in poultry, meaning once infected they usually die within 24 to 72h. (pasteur.fr)
  • A sample from each location has tested positive for the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), subtype H5N1. (gov.mb.ca)
  • Since 2003, multiple highly pathogenic avian influenza A (HPAI) H5 subtypes, including H5N1, H5N2, H5N6, and H5N8, have generated severe epidemics and thus not only tremendous economic losses in the domestic poultry industry, but also serious threats to human health worldwide ( Jhung and Nelson, 2015 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • As of October 3, 2016, at least 856 cases of human infection with avian influenza A (H5N1) virus in 16 countries had been reported to the World Health Organization, among which 452 had ended in death, for an apparent case fatality rate of 52.8% ( WHO, 2016 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The Egyptian Ministry of Health and Population has announced two new human cases of avian influenza A(H5N1) virus infection. (citizen-news.org)
  • The widespread persistence of H5N1 in poultry populations poses two main risks for human health. (citizen-news.org)
  • Of the few avian influenza viruses that have crossed the species barrier to infect humans, H5N1 has caused the largest number of cases of severe disease and death in humans. (citizen-news.org)
  • Unlike normal seasonal influenza, where infection causes only mild respiratory symptoms in most people, the disease caused by H5N1 follows an unusually aggressive clinical course, with rapid deterioration and high fatality. (citizen-news.org)
  • In recent years there has been a change in the primary subtypes and frequency of reports of human A(HxNy) in the region, with a reduction of A(H7N9) and A(H5N1), and conversely an increase of A(H5N6) and A(H9N2). (who.int)
  • Avian influenza H5N1 virus is known to cross the species barrier and infect humans and felines. (flu.org.cn)
  • Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 has spread across Asia, Europe, and Africa. (flu.org.cn)
  • Gross and microscopic lesions from dog infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1. (flu.org.cn)
  • Phylogenetic analysis of the hemagglutinin (A) and neuraminidase (B) gene sequences of the H5N1 influenza virus isolated from a dog´s lung. (flu.org.cn)
  • Influenza virus was isolated from lung, liver, kidney, and urine specimens, and the viral subtype was determined to be H5N1 by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR ( 6 ). (flu.org.cn)
  • Immunohistochemical tests were performed on paraffin-embedded tissues by using a mouse monoclonal antibody anti-nucleoprotein of influenza A H5N1 (B.V. European Veterinary Laboratory, Woerden, the Netherlands) as a primary antibody and a polyclonal goat antimouse immunoglobulin G tagged with peroxidase as a secondary antibody (DAKO A/S, Glostrup, Denmark). (flu.org.cn)
  • Positive lung tissue from the dog that was incubated with phosphate-buffered saline instead of the mouse monoclonal antibody antinucleoprotein of influenza A H5N1, and tissue from the liver and lung of a cat killed by a car served as negative control ( 2 ). (flu.org.cn)
  • Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the hemaggluttinin (HA) and neuraminadase (NA) genes of the dog´s virus showed that they were similar to those of H5N1 viruses isolated from tigers, chickens, ducks, and humans infected in Thailand during the same time that the dog was infected ( Figure 2A and B ). In addition, analysis of 6 other genes from KU-08 showed similar results (data not shown). (flu.org.cn)
  • Avian influenza (H5N1) is rare in humans in developed countries. (medscape.com)
  • The FDA has approved a vaccine for H5N1 influenza. (medscape.com)
  • Out of 2500 people exposed to birds infected with H5N1, only this one case of human infection has been confirmed. (medscape.com)
  • A newly developed influenza vaccine against the H5N1 subunit of the avian influenza virus, which has pandemic potential, has been shown to be highly immunogenic in younger and older adults . (medscape.com)
  • Most cases of avian influenza in humans have been caused by Asian strains H5N1 and H7N9, but other types have also caused some human infections. (msdmanuals.com)
  • However, in 2003 and 2004, H5N1 infections in humans reappeared, and occasional cases continue to be reported, primarily in Asia and the Middle East. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Identification of Human Case of Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Infection, India. (bvsalud.org)
  • Hong Kong in 1997, when the H5N1 strain involving transmission from an ill child caused severe respiratory disease in 18 to her mother and aunt [ 10 ] and several humans, of whom 6 died [ 5 ]. (who.int)
  • pandemic is a great public health concern, Of the 15 avian influenza virus subtypes, and for this reason our study set out to H5N1 is of particular concern for several answer some important questions related reasons: it mutates rapidly and has a docu- to present knowledge and concerns about mented propensity to acquire genes from avian influenza in one city in Saudi Arabia. (who.int)
  • Although avian (bird) influenza (flu) A viruses usually do not infect people, there have been some rare cases of human infection with these viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • Human infections with bird flu viruses can happen when virus gets into a person's eyes, nose or mouth, or is inhaled. (cdc.gov)
  • Human infections with bird flu viruses have occurred most often after unprotected contact with infected birds or surfaces contaminated with bird flu viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • However, because of the possibility that bird flu viruses could change and gain the ability to spread easily between people, monitoring for human infection and person-to-person spread is extremely important for public health. (cdc.gov)
  • CDC has posted guidance for clinicians and public health professionals in the United States on appropriate testing, specimen collection, and processing of samples from patients who might be infected with avian influenza A viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • Seasonal influenza A(pH1N1) and influenza B viruses continue to circulate among persons in areas where H7N9 cases have been detected, and the Chinese Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has reported that rates of influenza-like illness are consistent with expected seasonal levels. (cdc.gov)
  • The human body makes rare antibodies effective against all flu viruses and these might be boosted to design a better universal flu treatment, researchers report. (abc.net.au)
  • Long-term clinical prognosis of human infections with avian influenza A(H7N9) viruses in China after hospitalization. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Avian influenza is a viral disease caused by various strains of avian influenza viruses that can be classified as low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) or highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). (usgs.gov)
  • The USGS National Wildlife Health Center (NWHC) in collaboration with multiple partners conducts research into the ecology of avian influenza virus and surveillance for highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses leading to several significant findings towards early detection and response to HPAI. (usgs.gov)
  • Wild birds, in particular certain species of waterfowl and shorebirds, are considered to be the natural reservoirs for avian influenza viruses. (usgs.gov)
  • Avian influenza viruses (AIV) are classified by a combination of two groups of proteins found on the surface of the virus: hemagglutinin proteins (H), of which there are 18 (H1-H18), and neuraminidase proteins (N), of which there are 11 (N1-N11). (usgs.gov)
  • Additional information on avian influenza viruses are available in the Field Manual of Wildlife Diseases . (usgs.gov)
  • It has been thought that Eurasian strains of avian influenza viruses enter the United States through the Pacific Flyway (Alaska to Baja California) and that this route is the most likely avenue for emerging Eurasian AIV strains to enter North America. (usgs.gov)
  • The USGS National Wildlife Health Center, in collaboration with the National Institutes of Health Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS), the University of Iceland, and other partners, has explored the ecology and movement of AI viruses in the North Atlantic region since 2010. (usgs.gov)
  • These studies also demonstrated the longer-term persistence of portions of these viruses within the North Atlantic avian community. (usgs.gov)
  • On rare occasions, these bird viruses can cross over and infect other species, including cats, pigs and humans and can be a potential cause of pandemics. (who.int)
  • H3N8 viruses have been sporadically detected in poultry in China and some have been found to be genetically closely related to the human cases reported in 2022 [ 3 ]. (cdc.gov)
  • Sporadic human infections with bird flu viruses have occurred with different bird flu virus subtypes. (cdc.gov)
  • Most human infections with avian influenza A viruses have resulted from direct contact with, or close exposure to, infected birds/poultry. (cdc.gov)
  • Both of the human infections with H3N8 viruses reported in 2022 were in children. (cdc.gov)
  • All close contacts of the first two reported cases tested negative for influenza A viruses, and both children recovered [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. (cdc.gov)
  • During May 21--September 9, 2006, influenza A(H3), influenza A(H1), and influenza B viruses cocirculated worldwide and were identified sporadically in North America. (cdc.gov)
  • Of the positive results, 208 (65%) were influenza B viruses, 58 (18%) were influenza A (H1) viruses, five (2%) were influenza A (H3) viruses, and 47 (15%) were influenza A viruses that were not subtyped. (cdc.gov)
  • however, in early summer, influenza B viruses predominated in Japan. (cdc.gov)
  • In Europe and North America, small numbers of influenza A and influenza B viruses were reported. (cdc.gov)
  • influenza B viruses circulated at lower levels. (cdc.gov)
  • In South America, influenza A (H1) viruses were most commonly reported, but influenza A (H3) and influenza B viruses also were identified. (cdc.gov)
  • Of 23 influenza A (H1) viruses that were collected during May 21--September 9 (three from Asia, 18 from Latin America, and two from the United States) and analyzed at CDC, 17 (74%) were antigenically similar to A/New Caledonia/20/99, the H1N1 component of the 2006--07 influenza vaccine. (cdc.gov)
  • Six (26%) of the influenza A (H1) viruses had reduced titers to antisera produced against A/New Caledonia. (cdc.gov)
  • Of the 19 influenza A (H3) viruses (one from Europe, 12 from Latin America, three from Asia, two from Oceania, and one from the United States) that were characterized, 18 (95%) were antigenically similar to A/Wisconsin/67/2005, the H3N2 component of the 2006--07 influenza vaccine, whereas one (5%) had reduced titers to A/Wisconsin/67/2005. (cdc.gov)
  • Influenza B viruses currently circulating worldwide can be divided into two antigenically distinct lineages represented by B/Yamagata/16/88 and B/Victoria/2/87. (cdc.gov)
  • Ten (43%) of the B/Victoria-lineage viruses were similar to B/Ohio/01/2005, the B component of the 2006--07 influenza vaccine, whereas 13 (57%) had reduced titers to B/Ohio. (cdc.gov)
  • surveillance focused on the subset of avian influenza viruses that pose significant risk of infecting humans, including certain viruses of low pathogenicity in poultry. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses are found in aquatic birds. (umn.edu)
  • The neuraminidase stalks regions in these viruses had no deletion as compared to that A/Dk/HK/ Y280/97 lineage (Ck/Bei-like viruses) and the 2 human isolates A/HK/1073/99, A/HK/1074/99. (scialert.net)
  • Influenza viruses belong to the orthomyxoviridae family of RNA viruses and are divided into five genera: Influenza A, B and C, Thogtovirus and Isavirus. (scialert.net)
  • Avain Influenza (AI) is a highly contagious disease caused by type A influenza viruses which have negative-sense, single-stranded genomes that encode at least ten proteins including two surface glycoproteins [haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA)], nucleoprotein (NP), three polymerase proteins [polymerase basic (PB1), (PB2) and polymerase acidic (PA)], two matrix (M1 and M2) proteins and two non-structural (NS1 and NS2) proteins. (scialert.net)
  • Some avian H9 viruses have acquired receptor binding characteristics typical of human strains, increasing the potential for reassortment in both human and pig respiratory tracts ( Suzuki, 2005 ). (scialert.net)
  • Influenza A(H9N2) viruses are enzootic in poultry populations in parts of Africa, Asia and the Middle East. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
  • To tackle these seasonal outbreaks, detailed surveillance mechanisms have been introduced at national and international level, making influenza viruses the most closely monitored viruses on the planet (see Interview below). (pasteur.fr)
  • But the task is a difficult one, since influenza is caused by several different viruses. (pasteur.fr)
  • To complicate things even more, there are variants within each subtype, since influenza viruses are permanently evolving and new strains are constantly emerging (this explains why the vaccine changes each year). (pasteur.fr)
  • The nomenclature for influenza viruses is based on their geographical origin and year of isolation. (pasteur.fr)
  • The global surveillance network for influenza viruses is undoubtedly the oldest and best structured virological surveillance network. (pasteur.fr)
  • We use these samples to search for influenza viruses and also systematically for other major respiratory tract viruses, such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). (pasteur.fr)
  • We characterize the influenza viruses and determine their genome sequences to see how they are evolving and whether they still match the vaccine. (pasteur.fr)
  • HPAI viruses, particularly the influenza A(H5) subtype, are causing the worst bird epidemics to date. (earth.com)
  • Although the current risk to human health is limited, the experts warn that the introduction of avian influenza viruses into mammalian populations could increase the risk of influenza virus reassortment, leading to adaptation and spread among mammals. (earth.com)
  • With the ongoing global presence of A(H5) HPAI viruses, further sporadic spill-over events to humans cannot be excluded," said the researchers. (earth.com)
  • Although currently circulating avian influenza viruses retain a preference for avian-type receptors, different mutations associated with transmission to and pathogenicity in mammals have been observed," said the researchers. (earth.com)
  • To address the threat of avian influenza, the authors advocate for a One Health approach, which entails rapid sharing of outbreak information, provision of sequence data and reference viruses, and close collaboration between different sectors both locally and globally. (earth.com)
  • Transmission of bird flu viruses to humans is relatively rare and usually requires direct or close contact with infected birds, or heavily contaminated environments. (earth.com)
  • Therefore, these places are hotspots for the circulation of avian viruses. (pasteur.fr)
  • In 2013, a second study showed almost constant circulation of avian influenza within the markets and detection of these viruses peaks the week before the main holidays: Lunar New Year also known as Chinese New Year (usually between early and mid February) and the Khmer New Year (mid-April). (pasteur.fr)
  • Avian influenza, or "bird flu", is a contagious disease of animals caused by viruses that normally infect only birds and, less commonly, pigs. (citizen-news.org)
  • In domestic poultry, infection with avian influenza viruses causes two main forms of disease, distinguished by low and high extremes of virulence. (citizen-news.org)
  • Influenza viruses are grouped into three types, designated A, B, and C. Influenza A and B viruses are of concern for human health. (citizen-news.org)
  • Influenza A viruses have 16 H subtypes and 9 N subtypes. (citizen-news.org)
  • Avian influenza subtype A(HxNy) viruses are zoonotic and may occasionally infect humans through direct or indirect contact, resulting in mild to severe illness and death. (who.int)
  • The avian influenza viruses are common and include many strains. (sainthelena.gov.sh)
  • While seasonal flu vaccination will not prevent infection with bird flu viruses, getting vaccinated can reduce the risk of getting sick with both human and bird flu viruses at the same time. (ncwildlife.org)
  • While influenza strains in birds, just as in people, vary considerably in severity, some influenza viruses can be devastating to domestic poultry. (delaware.gov)
  • A(H1N2) variant viruses and one human case of infection with an influenza A(H3N2) variant virus were reported officially.3 One additional human case of infection with an influenza A(H1N1)v virus was detected. (who.int)
  • The overall public health risk from currently known influenza viruses at the human-animal interface has not changed, and the likelihood of sustained human-to-human transmission of these viruses remains low. (who.int)
  • Human infections with viruses of animal origin are expected at the human-animal interface wherever these viruses circulate in animals. (who.int)
  • Environmental samples from these stalls tested positive for influenza A(H5N6) viruses. (who.int)
  • 1. What is the likelihood that additional human cases of infection with avian influenza A(H5) viruses will occur? (who.int)
  • Most human cases were exposed to A(H5) viruses through contact with infected poultry or contaminated environments, including live poultry markets. (who.int)
  • Since the viruses continue to be detected in animals and environments, further human cases can be expected. (who.int)
  • 2. What is the likelihood of human-to-human transmission of avian influenza A(H5) viruses? (who.int)
  • Even though small clusters of A(H5) virus infections have been reported previously including those involving healthcare workers, current epidemiological and virological evidence suggests that influenza A(H5) viruses have not acquired the ability of sustained transmission among humans, thus the likelihood is low. (who.int)
  • Dealing With Avian and Variant Influenza A Infections The CDC's Tim Uyeki, MD, discusses trends in avian influenza A and variant influenza A viruses, as well as guidance on prevention and treatment. (medscape.com)
  • Most subtypes of avian influenza that have caused human infections are H5, H7, and H9 viruses. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Humans can become infected with avian influenza viruses through inhalation of or direct contact with secretions (saliva, mucous, or feces) from infected birds. (msdmanuals.com)
  • It is likely that avian influenza viruses of any antigenic specificity can cause influenza in humans whenever the virus acquires mutations, enabling it to attach to human-specific receptor sites in the respiratory tract. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Because all influenza viruses are capable of rapid genetic change, avian strains could possibly acquire the ability to spread more easily from person-to-person via direct mutation or via reassortment of genome subunits with human strains during replication in a human, animal or, avian host. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Major difficulties with this expression exist, largely because it is ambiguous, and because all influenza A viruses have a host in birds. (bvsalud.org)
  • January 24, 2017, Qianxinan health department in the strengthening of monitoring, from Wangmu County, 1 case of unexplained pneumonia cases detected H7N9 avian influenza virus subtype positive, January 25 by the provincial disease control department diagnosed as human infection H7N9 avian flu cases, the Patient is currently hospitalized. (flutrackers.com)
  • An influenza pandemic occurs when there is emergence of a new subtype that has not previously circulated in humans. (who.int)
  • The H5N2 strain in Texas is a different subtype of influenza A than the virus affecting parts of Asia. (thepoultrysite.com)
  • Traditionally, the vaccine was trivalent (ie, designed to provide protection against three viral subtypes, generally an A-H1, an A-H3, and a B). The first quadrivalent vaccines, which provide coverage against an additional influenza B subtype, were approved in 2012 and were made available for the 2013-2014 flu season. (medscape.com)
  • All human infections caused by a new influenza subtype are required to be reported under the International Health Regulations (IHR, 2005).4 This includes any influenza A virus that has demonstrated the capacity to infect a human and its haemagglutinin gene (or protein) is not a mutated form of those, i.e. (who.int)
  • All cases of human infection with an influenza A subtype other than H1 or H3 must be reported. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In addition, the predominant influenza virus subtype was an H3N2, in contrast to dominance by H1N1 subtypes in recent past years. (medscape.com)
  • On the other hand, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) strains frequently fatal to birds and easily transmissible between susceptible species. (usgs.gov)
  • Avian influenza has low-pathogenic (LPAI) and highly pathogenic (HPAI) strains. (medscape.com)
  • This strain has drawn more attention than other HPAI strains because of ongoing reports of bird-to-human transmissions that result in severe disease in the human host. (medscape.com)
  • In 2004, an outbreak of an HPAI H7N3 in Canada resulted in mild human disease. (medscape.com)
  • Professor Jeff Bender answers key questions about Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI), or bird flu, an extremely contagious viral illness that affects both wild birds and livestock, such as chickens and turkeys. (umn.edu)
  • Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI), or bird flu, is an extremely contagious viral illness that affects both wild birds and livestock, such as chicken and turkeys. (umn.edu)
  • Q: Where does highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) or "bird flu" come from? (umn.edu)
  • Q: Can HPAI infect humans? (umn.edu)
  • In recent years, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) has transformed from a seasonal phenomenon associated with migratory birds in specific regions to a constant global risk. (earth.com)
  • What is highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI)? (birdnote.org)
  • The strain of avian influenza currently causing outbreaks is highly contagious and easily transmitted, so it is often referred to as highly pathogenic avian influenza or HPAI . (birdnote.org)
  • Some regions have had larger outbreaks of HPAI than others - you can see a map of the distribution of avian influenza in North America from the U.S. Geological Survey of reported cases here . (birdnote.org)
  • There has been ongoing 'highly pathogenic avian influenza' (HPAI) or 'bird flu' outbreak in South Africa, of the strains HPAI H5 and H7, over the last few months. (sainthelena.gov.sh)
  • Although no new highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) infections in wild birds have been documented in North Carolina since March, those birds that migrated to other states and Canada during the spring and summer, where HPAI was present, are returning to North Carolina for the winter. (ncwildlife.org)
  • Wild bird mortalities can occur with HPAI, particularly in species of raptors that prey on waterfowl and in avian scavengers that feed on infected carcasses. (ncwildlife.org)
  • There is currently minimal risk to public health as there have been no human cases of HPAI in the United States. (delaware.gov)
  • Almost all confirmed cases have been sporadic, with no epidemiologic link to other human cases, and are presumed to have resulted from exposure to infected birds ( 3,4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • A highly pathogenic avian influenza confirmed in four states can be very deadly for birds, but a Kansas State University poultry expert says humans don't need to worry about their own health or contaminated poultry products. (medicalxpress.com)
  • We are always testing and monitoring to see if any birds have any type of influenza. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Beyer says other animals can spread this influenza , such as dogs and small birds. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Despite measures to prevent HPAIV spread by vaccination or the culling of infected birds, several H5 influenza subtypes are already prevalent in Asia, Europe and Africa 4 . (nature.com)
  • Most AI strains are classified as low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) and cause few clinical signs in infected birds. (usgs.gov)
  • Avian influenza is an infectious disease of birds caused by type A strains of the influenza virus. (who.int)
  • According to a statement from the Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention , the third human infection with H3N8 virus occurred in an adult in China who reportedly had a history of exposure to live poultry and wild birds (which had been observed around the home). (cdc.gov)
  • For instance, a few people elsewhere in the world have contracted avian influenza - bird flu - after handling game birds who had been involved in staged fights, Goodwin said. (upc-online.org)
  • Though there is no concrete evidence, there is a potential link between the transfer of the virus between poultry, wild birds, and humans. (wikipedia.org)
  • This chapter focuses on the global phenomenon of avian influenza, its impact on the poultry industry, and potential means to control influenza transmission among birds and mammals. (nationalacademies.org)
  • The OIE is developing influenza surveillance guidelines that encompass birds, domestic mammals, wildlife, and humans. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Avian influenza is a slightly misleading term, as influenza is among the natural infections found in birds. (medscape.com)
  • The term avian influenza used in this context refers to zoonotic human infection with an influenza strain that primarily affects birds. (medscape.com)
  • Although all strains of influenza A virus naturally infect birds, certain strains can infect mammalian hosts such as pigs and humans. (medscape.com)
  • Preliminary testing of birds at two of these markets found evidence of avian influenza. (thepoultrysite.com)
  • Public health organizations closely monitor avian influenza outbreaks in birds and humans because of the potential for the virus to mutate and gain the capability to spread easily among humans, which could lead to a pandemic. (earth.com)
  • There are no known cases of transmission of this strain of the virus from birds to humans in North America. (gov.mb.ca)
  • Although the risk of transmission of avian influenza to humans is low, people should not touch dead birds or other wildlife with their bare hands. (gov.mb.ca)
  • Our birds are facing outbreaks of avian influenza, also known as bird flu. (birdnote.org)
  • The outbreak is continuing into spring, and the number of birds that have died from avian influenza is now a record. (birdnote.org)
  • In North America, a new strain of avian influenza virus was first detected in wild birds in late 2021. (birdnote.org)
  • Proactive measures, including preventing contact between poultry and wild birds, limiting visitors to barns, using barn-specific clothing and footwear, and regularly monitoring birds for signs of illness, are key to preventing avian influenza on poultry farms. (saskatchewan.ca)
  • The risk of human infection is low, but rare instances have occurred due to direct interaction with diseased birds. (ncwildlife.org)
  • The Delaware Department of Agriculture, with the help of the University of Delaware laboratory system, performs active surveillance and testing of birds for avian influenza within the state every single day. (delaware.gov)
  • Generally, we know that avian influenza can be transmitted by wild birds or waterfowl. (delaware.gov)
  • The detection of influenza A(H5) virus in nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal samples collected from individuals in close contact with infected poultry or other birds, whether the individuals are symptomatic or not, is not unexpected. (who.int)
  • From the first case of H5 avian influenza in humans in the United States to reports of ongoing, widespread disease in birds , the potential of a possible pandemic variant has many keeping a watchful eye on the disease. (medscape.com)
  • Avian influenza is caused by strains of influenza A that normally infect only wild birds and domestic poultry. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Avian influenza infections are often asymptomatic in wild birds but may cause highly lethal illness in domestic poultry. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Studies at the ge- form of a pandemic among birds, many netic level further determined that the virus countries have been affected and there is had been transmitted directly from birds to some evidence of alarm and panic affecting humans. (who.int)
  • The expression is not always used consistently by authors: sometimes it (correctly) describes the disease in birds, while other times it refers to a disease and potential pandemic in humans. (bvsalud.org)
  • Illness in humans from bird flu virus infections have ranged in severity from no symptoms or mild illness to severe disease that resulted in death. (cdc.gov)
  • The reported signs and symptoms of bird flu virus infections in humans have ranged from no symptoms or mild illness [such as eye redness (conjunctivitis) or mild flu-like upper respiratory symptoms], to severe (such as pneumonia requiring hospitalization) and included fever (temperature of 100ºF [37.8ºC] or greater) or feeling feverish*, cough, sore throat, runny or stuff nose, muscle or body aches, headaches, fatigue, and shortness of breath or difficulty breathing. (cdc.gov)
  • On March 29, 2013, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention completed laboratory confirmation of three human infections with an avian influenza A(H7N9) virus not previously reported in humans ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • As of April 29, 2013, China had reported 126 confirmed H7N9 infections in humans, among whom 24 (19%) died ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The source of the human infections remains under investigation. (cdc.gov)
  • No human infections with the virus have been detected at this time. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Direct or indirect contact with diseased poultry is the primary route of HPAIV infections in humans 3 . (nature.com)
  • Animal flu Have you have wondered about flu infections in species other than humans? (abc.net.au)
  • The previous two human infections with H3N8 virus were also reported in China, during 2022. (cdc.gov)
  • An investigation did not find any additional human infections. (cdc.gov)
  • The chapter concludes with an example of a low-pathogen avian influenza outbreak in a group of commercial poultry farms and the steps the industry took to contain further spread of the virus, minimize the risk of exposure, and monitor and prevent further infections. (nationalacademies.org)
  • At present, this particular strain has not caused human illness in the U.S., but state health departments are working with industry and agricultural officials to monitor workers and producers for any potential infections. (umn.edu)
  • Each week, we publish a bulletin with reports on the current situation concerning influenza and other respiratory tract infections. (pasteur.fr)
  • Since April 2014, new infections of H5N6 avian influenza virus (AIV) in humans and domestic poultry have caused considerable economic losses in the poultry industry and posed an enormous threat to human health worldwide. (frontiersin.org)
  • During this period, there were 1972 human infections with nine different A(HxNy) subtypes notified in the WPR. (who.int)
  • Since the last report, an additional 134 human avian influenza infections were notified from 1 October 2017 to 31 July 2022. (who.int)
  • Infections due to some of these strains have been detected in humans. (msdmanuals.com)
  • BirdNote has compiled a list of commonly asked questions about the disease and practical things you can do to help stop the transmission of avian influenza. (birdnote.org)
  • Transmission of avian influenza to humans is rare. (birdnote.org)
  • The state of Texas has reported an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N2) among poultry on one farm in Gonzales County, in south-central Texas. (thepoultrysite.com)
  • This is the first outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza in the United States in 20 years and was detected by routine state monitoring for avian influenza. (thepoultrysite.com)
  • CDC and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) are working with the Texas Department of Health and the Texas Animal Health Commission on both the human health and animal/veterinary aspects to contain this outbreak in poultry and minimize risk to humans. (thepoultrysite.com)
  • The health risk to humans from the H5N2 influenza outbreak in Texas is considered low at this time. (thepoultrysite.com)
  • This is the worst outbreak of avian influenza since 2015 . (medscape.com)
  • In early 2013, an extensive outbreak of H7N9 avian influenza in humans occurred in several provinces of southeastern China. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The Centre for Health Protection (CHP) of the Department of Health is today (March 16) closely monitoring an additional human case of avian influenza A(H7N9) in Chongqing, and again urged the public to maintain strict personal, food and environmental hygiene both locally and during travel. (gov.hk)
  • Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of the first human case of avian influenza A(H5N6) virus infection in Beijing, so as to provide evidences for prevention and control of avian influenza A(H5N6) virus infection. (flu.org.cn)
  • Has Delaware had a case of avian influenza before? (delaware.gov)
  • 1. Extensive Regulations of immune genes in chicken macrophages and lungs infected with influenza virus H9N2. (usda.gov)
  • With the emergence of non-human H9N2 isolates with avian characteristics, it is important to study the H9N2 isolates from avian hosts in addition to those obtained from humans for pandemic influenza understanding and preparedness. (scialert.net)
  • The Hong Kong Centre for Health Protection (CHP) reported recently six additional human H9N2 avian influenza cases from Mainland China. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
  • In most human cases of H9N2 avian flu, the associated disease symptoms have been mild and there has been no evidence of human-to-human transmission. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
  • Most human cases are exposed to the A(H9N2) virus through contact with infected poultry or contaminated environments. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
  • This document updates Member States on the current situation and recommends interventions to further enhance pandemic influenza preparedness and response. (who.int)
  • The Threat of Pandemic Influenza: Are We Ready? (nationalacademies.org)
  • WHO has taken several steps toward by the same strain, in Hong Kong's poultry global pandemic influenza planning, includ- population [ 2,5 ]. (who.int)
  • A deadly strain of bird flu known to infect humans is spreading rapidly and silently through chicken populations across China. (abc.net.au)
  • arrier to infect humans. (citizen-news.org)
  • Although rare, AI can infect humans. (saskatchewan.ca)
  • US researchers believe they have found a way that influenza makes people more prone to potentially deadly pneumonia. (abc.net.au)
  • The percentage of deaths attributable to pneumonia and influenza as reported by the 122 Cities Mortality Reporting System remained below the epidemic threshold. (cdc.gov)
  • An estimated 19,000 to 58,000 deaths have been attributed to influenza since October 2022. (medscape.com)
  • The CDC documented that seasonal influenza was responsible for 5,000 to 14,000 deaths during the 2021-2022 season. (medscape.com)
  • 5, 6] For the 2021-2022 influenza season, all flu vaccines are expected to be quadrivalent. (medscape.com)
  • The Ministry of Agriculture's Chief Veterinary Officer has issued an Animal Health Order on September 21, 2022, limiting the transport and comingling of poultry after several cases of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza were confirmed in Saskatchewan. (saskatchewan.ca)
  • The World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) had warned in early 2022 that the current wave of bird flu had a greater risk of spreading to humans owing to the high number of variants. (medscape.com)
  • The Centre for Health Protection (CHP) of the Department of Health of Hong Kong S.A.R is (January 27) closely monitoring two human cases of avian influenza A(H5N6) in the Mainland, and again urged the public to maintain strict personal, food and environmental hygiene both locally and during travel. (flu.org.cn)
  • From 2014 to date, 65 human cases of avian influenza A(H5N6) have been reported by Mainland health authorities. (flu.org.cn)
  • The samples of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, sputum collected at the early stage of diseases were positive for the nucleic acid of avian influenza A(H5N6) virus. (flu.org.cn)
  • In previous research using gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis, we reported that H5N6 AIV isolated in February 2015 (ZH283) in Pallas's sandgrouse was highly similar to that isolated in a human in December 2015 (A/Guangdong/ZQ874/2015), whereas a virus (i.e. (frontiersin.org)
  • Since the last risk assessment on 21 May 2021, one new laboratory-confirmed human case of influenza A(H5N6) virus infection was reported from China to WHO on 30 May 2021. (who.int)
  • It is believed that most cases of avian influenza infection in humans have resulted from contact with infected poultry or contaminated surfaces. (thepoultrysite.com)
  • Specificity, kinetics and longevity of antibody responses to avian influenza A(H7N9) virus infection in humans. (ox.ac.uk)
  • [ 3 , 4 ] A total of 31,989 participants were randomly assigned to receive either a high dose (IIV3-HD) (60 μg of hemagglutinin per strain) or a standard dose (IIV3-SD) (15 μg of hemagglutinin per strain) of a trivalent, inactivated influenza vaccine. (medscape.com)
  • the partners plan to exchange scientific information on avian influenza, share viral isolates, and may eventually manufacture human vaccines against avian viral strains. (nationalacademies.org)
  • In terms of public health, this is a strategic location to quickly detect any viral emergence in order to alert the authorities to prevent the spread in animals and potentially in humans. (pasteur.fr)
  • The gold standard for diagnosing influenza A and B is a viral culture of nasopharyngeal samples or throat samples. (medscape.com)
  • Ongoing avian influenza outbreaks in animals pose risk to humans: read the situation analysis and advice to countries from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH). (eurosurveillance.org)
  • According to the World Health Organization, cockfighting, is suspected of spreading the highly lethal bird flu virus from poultry to humans through contact with blood, feces and droplets of fluid. (upc-online.org)
  • Member States in the Western Pacific Region (WPR) communicate and notify the World Health Organization of any human cases of A(HxNy) through the International Health Regulations (IHR 2005) mechanism. (who.int)
  • Seasonal influenza affects 3 to 8% of the French population each year, claiming approximately 10,000 to 15,000 lives and worsening the health of already vulnerable populations. (pasteur.fr)
  • As humans grappled with the effects of COVID-19, another virus was decimating bird populations around the world. (wamc.org)
  • Spread to humans was contained by culling domestic bird populations. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks in domestic poultry cause large economic losses to the U.S. economy. (usgs.gov)
  • January 28 was held in Yueyang City, Yueyang city government quickly people infected H7N9 avian flu prevention and control leadership team meetings and prevention and control of the city's health system conference, informed the epidemic situation, the specific arrangements for the prevention and control of the city. (flutrackers.com)
  • The B component of the 2006--07 influenza vaccine belongs to the B/Victoria lineage. (cdc.gov)
  • Influenza A and B vaccine is administered each year before flu season. (medscape.com)
  • In the Northern Hemisphere, all persons aged 6 months or older should receive influenza vaccine annually by the end of October, if possible. (medscape.com)
  • Influenza vaccination should not be delayed to procure a specific vaccine preparation if an appropriate one is already available. (medscape.com)
  • Those with a history of egg allergy who have experienced only hives after exposure to egg should receive influenza vaccine. (medscape.com)
  • High-dose influenza vaccine appears to have the potential to prevent nearly one-quarter of all breakthrough influenza illnesses in seniors (≥65 y) compared with the standard-dose vaccine, according to results from a phase IIIb-IV double-blind, active-controlled trial. (medscape.com)
  • The results of testing showed that the samples collected from the wet market were positive for influenza A(H3)" [ 1 ]. (cdc.gov)
  • 318 (2%) were positive for influenza ( Figure ). (cdc.gov)
  • The majority (92%) of these isolates were tested from mid-May through late June, when 3.6% of specimens tested were positive for influenza. (cdc.gov)
  • Since July 1, of specimens tested, 0.6% were positive for influenza. (cdc.gov)
  • We are interested hearing about morbidity events involving five or more waterbirds or waterfowl, any number of raptors or avian scavengers, like vultures, or any of those species that are observed with clinical signs consistent with neurological impairment, like swimming in circles, head tilt and lack of coordination," stated Sarah Van de Berg, wildlife biologist with the Wildlife Commission. (ncwildlife.org)
  • Additional information is available at www.gov.mb.ca/agriculture/animal-health-and-welfare/animal-health/update-avian-influenza-in-north-america.html . (gov.mb.ca)
  • They are one of the few species that can get avian influenza. (wikipedia.org)
  • Not limited to poultry, the virus has also been shown to cross the species barrier infecting humans ( 1 ) and felines, including domestic cats ( 2 ) and tigers ( 3-5 ). (flu.org.cn)
  • Clinicians should consider the diagnosis of avian influenza A(H7N9) virus infection in persons with acute respiratory illness and relevant exposure history and should contact their state health departments regarding specimen collection and facilitation of confirmatory testing. (cdc.gov)
  • The spokesman advised travellers, especially those returning from avian influenza-affected areas and provinces with fever or respiratory symptoms, to immediately wear masks, seek medical attention and reveal their travel history to doctors. (gov.hk)
  • Avian influenza virus was isolated from poultry farms with history of respiratory illness and increased mortality. (scialert.net)
  • The symptoms can range from typical influenza-like symptoms (fever, cough, sore throat, and muscle aches) to severe respiratory illness and other complications. (earth.com)
  • Influenza, one of the most common infectious diseases, is a highly contagious airborne disease that occurs in seasonal epidemics and manifests as an acute febrile illness with variable degrees of systemic symptoms, ranging from mild fatigue to respiratory failure and death. (medscape.com)
  • No evidence of sustained human-to-human transmission has been found, and no human cases of H7N9 virus infection have been detected outside China, including the United States. (cdc.gov)
  • Background:Mainland China has experienced five epidemics of human cases of avian influenza A(H7N9) virus infection since 2013. (ox.ac.uk)
  • ObjectivesThe long-term dynamics of antibody responses in patients with influenza A(H7N9) virus infection are not well understood.MethodsWe conducted a longitudinal serological follow-up study in patients who were hospitalized with A(H7N9) virus infection, during 2013-2018. (ox.ac.uk)
  • [ 5 ] In early 2009, a recombinant H1N1 influenza consisting of a mix of swine, avian, and human gene segments spread rapidly around the world, but it was a low-pathogenicity strain. (medscape.com)
  • This strain of avian influenza does not pose a food safety risk. (gov.mb.ca)
  • China had previously recorded the first known human infection with the H3N8 strain of bird flu. (medscape.com)
  • From the first human cases of the current bird flu strain to preparations for a potential pandemic, avian influenza news garnered great interest this week, becoming the top trending clinical topic. (medscape.com)
  • The case does not change the human risk assessment for the general public, which the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention considers to be low. (kuer.org)
  • Find guidance from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has shared guidelines on preventing avian flu in people here . (birdnote.org)
  • The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that seasonal influenza is responsible for an average of more than 20,000 deaths annually. (medscape.com)
  • The Clade typing of HA gene showed the virus belonged to highly pathogenic avian influenza virus clade 2.3.4.4. (flu.org.cn)
  • This virus was highly pathogenic in chickens and humans and posed a significant threat to public health. (nature.com)
  • The current outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza, which began in South-East Asia in mid-2003, are the largest and most severe on record. (citizen-news.org)
  • All detections of highly pathogenic avian influenza in Canada are reported on the CFIA website . (saskatchewan.ca)
  • We have dealt successfully with avian influenza before, in 2004 with a case of low-pathogenic avian influenza. (delaware.gov)
  • LPAI generally does not pose a significant health threat to humans. (usgs.gov)
  • For centuries, these practices posed no human threat. (upc-online.org)
  • To address the threat that avian influenza (AI) poses to human health, it is necessary to recognize its broader agricultural and economic implications and to integrate this knowledge into disease control strategies. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Avian influenza is a potential and unpredictable threat to humans because of the segmented nature of the genome. (medscape.com)
  • Communication campaigns may help increase public awareness and recognition of avian influenza as a threat to animal and human health, reducing the risk of contact with potentially infected animals. (earth.com)
  • However, the observed changes in A(HxNy) trends reinforce the need for effective and rapid identification to mitigate the threat of a pandemic from avian influenza if person-to-person transmission were to occur. (who.int)
  • The U.S. Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service has confirmed the presence of H5N2 avian influenza in Kansas, Missouri, Minnesota and Arkansas. (medicalxpress.com)
  • These H5N2 variants have never been known to cause any transmission between humans and poultry," said Scott Beyer, associate professor of animal sciences and industry and K-State Research and Extension state poultry specialist. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Beyer says influenza strains recombine, sometimes causing a more deadly, more transmissible flu like this H5N2. (medicalxpress.com)
  • However, the segmented genome also has the potential to allow re-assortment of genome segments from different strains of influenza in a co-infected host. (medscape.com)
  • The WHO Collaborating Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Control of Influenza located at CDC analyzes influenza virus isolates received from laboratories worldwide. (cdc.gov)
  • These strategies are presented, along with background information on the biology, ecology, and epidemiology of avian influenza, by David Swayne and David Suarez of the USDA. (nationalacademies.org)
  • January 26 and February 6, Yueyang City Miluo City, the emergence of avian influenza H7N9 confirmed cases of human infection case. (flutrackers.com)
  • However, at least three family clusters of two or three confirmed cases have been reported where limited human-to-human transmission might have occurred ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The Centre for Health Protection (CHP) of the Department of Health (DH) is closely monitoring, as of yesterday (April 24), two additional human cases of avian influenza A(H7N9) in Jiangxi and Jiangsu according to the latest reports of the Mainland health authority. (gov.hk)
  • In view of human cases of avian influenza A(H7N9) confirmed locally and in the Mainland, further sporadic cases are expected in affected and possibly neighbouring areas. (gov.hk)
  • Two cases of avian influenza have been detected in Utah , though there's been no transmission to humans in this state. (kuer.org)
  • The occurrence of human cases would create immense new challenges for health systems and social services that are already fragile and overburdened. (who.int)
  • Every year, influenza - or flu - is responsible for three to five million severe cases and 250,000 to 500,000 deaths worldwide. (pasteur.fr)
  • Hospitals also send us influenza virus strains from severe cases or treatment failures so that we can analyze their sensitivity to antiviral drugs. (pasteur.fr)
  • The last one in 2017 caused more than 1,000 human cases. (pasteur.fr)
  • To date, no cases of avian influenza have been detected in poultry flocks in Manitoba. (gov.mb.ca)
  • To date, most human cases have occurred in rural or periurban areas where many households keep small poultry flocks, which often roam freely, sometimes entering homes or sharing outdoor areas where children play. (citizen-news.org)
  • Good quality serological investigations may be useful in differentiating infection from contamination in these cases and allow for better assessment of the risk of human infection. (who.int)
  • Human-to-human transmission is limited, most cases are acquired from animals, typically poultry. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Overall, 65.4% of the participants said they ex- pected there to be cases of avian influenza in Saudi Arabia this year. (who.int)
  • Cats with avian influenza exhibit symptoms that can result in death. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some 2.9 million people saw their physician because of flu-like symptoms and 30,000 went to the emergency department suffering from influenza. (pasteur.fr)
  • It presents information on the infection of avian influenza (bird flu) in humans, the instances of infection since 1997, symptoms and antiviral agents. (bvs.br)
  • Of the 26 influenza B isolates collected during May 21--September 9 and characterized at CDC, 23 belonged to the B/Victoria lineage (one from Europe, five from Latin America, six from Asia, and 11 from the United States). (cdc.gov)
  • In addition, influenza surveillance systems in China have identified no sign of increased community transmission of this virus. (cdc.gov)
  • CDC, along with state and local health departments, is continuing epidemiologic and laboratory surveillance for influenza in the United States. (cdc.gov)
  • Locally, enhanced disease surveillance, port health measures and health education against avian influenza are ongoing. (gov.hk)
  • and 4) a national surveillance system that records pediatric deaths associated with laboratory-confirmed influenza. (cdc.gov)
  • Updates on wild bird surveillance testing and results are posted on the CHWC website at www.cwhc-rcsf.ca/avian_influenza.php . (gov.mb.ca)
  • Enhanced surveillance with daily temperature taking and prompt reporting with isolation through home medical leave and segregation of smaller subgroups decrease the spread of influenza. (medscape.com)
  • Now, these cultural routines represent a potential springboard for a human epidemic. (upc-online.org)
  • The infection other familial clusters have been recognized of humans coincided with an epidemic of [ 11 ]. (who.int)
  • In other words, the "seasonal" influenza that causes annual outbreaks is far from being a "trivial" infection, and it is by no means harmless. (pasteur.fr)
  • Human infection tends to result in mild clinical illness. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
  • Whilst little information is currently available on the H5 and H7 strains and their human impact, there have been no reports of serious illness or death in humans. (sainthelena.gov.sh)
  • The most recent pandemic was in 2009, caused by a swine-origin influenza of the H1N1 serotype. (medscape.com)
  • Three influenza pandemics were recorded in 1918, 1957 and 1968, with the first one resulting in 40-50 million deaths globally. (who.int)
  • The influenza virus , which has long plagued the poultry industry, is now also increasingly recognized as a potential public health issue. (earth.com)