Autoimmune histocompatibility antigens class i. Medical search. Frequent questions

The diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis is best achieved with a combination of clinical, laboratory, and histological findings after excluding other etiological factors (e.g. viral, hereditary, metabolic, cholestatic, and drug-induced liver diseases). (wikipedia.org)
Autoimmune diseases affect approximately 8% of the population, 78% of whom are women. (cdc.gov)
The reasons for the high prevalence in women are unknown, but circumstantial evidence links autoimmune diseases with preceding infections. (cdc.gov)
Animal models of autoimmune diseases have shown that infections can induce autoimmune disease. (cdc.gov)
Sex hormones may further amplify this hyperimmune response to infection in susceptible persons, which leads to an increased prevalence of autoimmune diseases in women. (cdc.gov)
Major autoimmune diseases, comparing the incidence of disease in women (white bar) to the incidence in men (black bar) by percentage. (cdc.gov)
An important unifying theme in autoimmune diseases is a high prevalence in women ( Figure 1 ) ( 4 , 5 ). (cdc.gov)
Conservative estimates indicate that 6.7 million or 78.8% of the persons with autoimmune diseases are women ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
Soon after autoimmune diseases were first recognized more than a century ago, researchers began to associate them with viral and bacterial infections. (cdc.gov)
Autoimmune diseases tend to cluster in families and in individuals (a person with one autoimmune disease is more likely to get another), which indicates that common mechanisms are involved in disease susceptibility. (cdc.gov)
Genetic factors are important in the development of autoimmune disease, since such diseases develop in certain strains of mice (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus or lupus in MRL mice) without any apparent infectious environmental trigger. (cdc.gov)
However, a body of circumstantial evidence links diabetes, multiple sclerosis, myocarditis, and many other autoimmune diseases with preceding infections ( Table ) ( 7 , 8 ). (cdc.gov)
This difficulty raises the question of whether autoimmune diseases really can be attributed to infections. (cdc.gov)
Are Autoimmune Diseases Caused by Infections? (cdc.gov)
To address the question of whether autoimmune diseases can be induced by infections, first autoimmunity needs to be defined. (cdc.gov)
It has been implicated in the expression of CLASS II HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in cells that do not normally produce them, leading to AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES. (bvsalud.org)
The thyroid glands of patients with autoimmune diseases such as Graves' disease and certain forms of goiter contain infiltrating activated T lymphocytes and, unlike cells of normal glands, the epithelial follicular cells strongly express histocompatibility antigens of the HLA-DR type. (ox.ac.uk)
Autoimmune diseases -diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis in which cells of the adaptive immune system such as autoreactive T and B cells become overreactive and produce self-reactive T cell and antibody responses. (mhmedical.com)
While specific DP, DQ or DR alleles at the HLA class II locus have been shown to correlate with particular autoimmune diseases, a variety of confounding factors including strong linkage disequilibrium between the different HLA alleles, especially DR and DQ, complicates the exact identification of MHC susceptibility alleles. (biomedcentral.com)
The role of BTLA in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases in humans and, more specifically, in SLE is largely unknown. (cnrs.fr)
Coinhibitory receptors play an important role in the prevention of autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), by limiting T cell activation. (cnrs.fr)
Associations between a large number of diseases and markers within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) have been described. (ox.ac.uk)
The applications of this technology to characterizing precisely the MHC loci associated with susceptibility to autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, type I diabetes mellitus, coeliac disease and pemphigus vulgaris are reviewed here. (ox.ac.uk)
Page 1 of 12 (page number not for citation purposes) Journal of Autoimmune Diseases 2004, 1:3 http://www.jautoimdis.com/content/1/1/3 would be unsatisfactory to address the issue of insulin Background Genetic alteration of non-pancreatic cells in a diabetic autoantigenicity. (deepdyve.com)
As the incidence of autoimmune diseases including T1D has been steadily increasing over the past 50 years [ 2 ], it is speculated that lifestyle changes are causing changes in the gut microbiota leading to alterations in the development of the immune system [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In other autoimmune diseases such as Crohn's disease, specific genetic loci associated with disease susceptibility have been shown to influence the gut environment and lead to shifts in the resident microbial populations [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
High incidence of autoimmune diseases and potential complications, including the development of lymphoma have been demonstrated in this dermatosis. (scielo.br)
Our findings may help to explain the link between MHC class I responses that are involved in major autoimmune diseases and the well-established genetic linkage of these diseases with MHC class II. (umass.edu)
Such predictions can be used to select epitopes for use in rational vaccine design and to increase the understanding of roles of the immune system in infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancers. (neueve.com)
Your childs health care provider will do several tests to look for autoimmune hepatitis and other related diseases. (hepatitisprohelp.com)
Autoimmune diseases can be divided into two categories: tissue-specific autoimmune diseases (e.g. diabetes mellitus type 1 or multiple sclerosis) and systemic autoimmune diseases (e.g. systemic lupus erythematosus). (pocketdentistry.com)
For the majority of autoimmune diseases, autoantigens have been identified as the targets of autoantibodies and autoreactive T cells 3 . (pocketdentistry.com)
An increasing number of reports in the past decade have supported the concept of an autoimmune component to periodontitis and to the potential for periodontitis to be associated with autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) 6 . (pocketdentistry.com)
In this chapter, autoimmune mechanisms found in periodontitis are outlined and existing studies investigating the possible association between periodontitis and autoimmune diseases and vice versa are discussed. (pocketdentistry.com)
Pioneering work by Noel Rose and Witebsky in New York, and Roitt and Doniach at University College London provided clear evidence that autoimmune diseases are a result of loss of tolerance. (wikidoc.org)
Cytokines have been suggested to play an important role in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, including the potentially fatal blistering disease, oral pemphigus vulgaris (PV). (bvsalud.org)
Recently, there has been increasing interest in the role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, including the potentially fatal blistering disease, PV 1-2,4,8-13 . (bvsalud.org)

Using tetrameric complexes of human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I to identify antigen-specific T cells ex vivo, we observed high frequencies of circulating MelanA-specific, A*0201-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (A2-MelanA tetramer+ CTLs) in seven of nine HLA-A*0201-positive individuals with vitiligo. (ox.ac.uk)
Desire to identify antigen-specific T cells through the MHC/peptide complex was always there. (bcm.edu)

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease that primarily involves the joints. (merckmanuals.com)
In several instances, such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and myocarditis, the autoimmune disease can be induced experimentally by administering self-antigen in the presence of adjuvant (collagen, myelin basic protein, and cardiac myosin, respectively) ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
Despite much work over past decades, whether antigen-specific immune reactions occur in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to what extent such reactions are directed towards joint-specific autoantigens is still questionable. (biomedcentral.com)
In particular, susceptibility to several autoimmune disorders, including type I diabetes mellitus and rheumatoid arthritis, is linked to genes within the MHC and strong population associations are demonstrable between certain HLA class II alleles and these conditions. (ox.ac.uk)

A number of specific antibodies found in the blood (antinuclear antibody (ANA), anti-smooth muscle antibody (SMA), anti-liver kidney microsomal antibodies (LKM-1, LKM-2, LKM-3), anti soluble liver antigen (SLA), liver-pancreas antigen (LP), and anti-mitochondrial antibody (AMA)) are of use, as is finding an increased immunoglobulin G level. (wikipedia.org)
Major histocompatibility complex class III associations have also been observed, as has a high frequency of anti-human leukocyte antigen antibodies. (medscape.com)
Further, she was unable to produce specific antibodies towards foreign antigens and suffered from recurrent pulmonary, gastrointestinal, and septic infections from the third month of life. (bmj.com)
Thus, BP180 may be presented to maternal MHC-II in the presence of paternal MHC-II and recognized as a foreign antigen, leading to the formation of antibodies that are cross-reactive toward BP180 in the epidermis. (medscape.com)
To study cellular immune reactivity to CII in patients with RA and in healthy control individuals and to correlate this reactivity to HLA class II genotypes and to the presence of antibodies to CII in serum. (biomedcentral.com)
Mature messenger RNA species for both class I and class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules were detected by Northern hybridization, and their corresponding cell surface gene products were detected by cytofluorography of MCT cells stained with haplotype-specific antibodies. (rupress.org)
bacterial or viral similarity with self-antigens (molecular mimicry) leading to production of cross-reactive antibodies. (pocketdentistry.com)
Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a chronic, vesiculobullous, mucocutaneous autoimmune fatal disease, characterized by the presence of antibodies against adhesion molecules (desmoglein, Dsg3) present on the surface of keratinocytes, leading to the loss of cellular adhesion or acantholysis and is typically associated with oral lesions 1-5 . (bvsalud.org)

Although plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) express major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) molecules, and can capture, process, and present antigens (Ags), direct demonstrations that they function as professional Ag-presenting cells (APCs) in vivo during ongoing immune responses remain lacking. (unige.ch)
Several environmental, genetic, and immune factors create a "perfect storm" for the development of coeliac disease: the antigen gluten, the strong association of coeliac disease with HLA, the deamidation of gluten peptides by the enzyme transglutaminase 2 (TG2) generating peptides that bind strongly to the predisposing HLA-DQ2 or HLA-DQ8 molecules, and the ensuing unrestrained T cell response. (frontiersin.org)
Antibody -B cell-produced molecules encoded by genes that re-arrange during B cell development consisting of immunoglobulin heavy and light chains that together form the central component of the B cell receptor (BCR) for antigen. (mhmedical.com)
Antibody can exist as B cell-surface antigen-recognition molecules or as secreted molecules in plasma and other body fluids. (mhmedical.com)
Antigens -foreign or self-molecules that are recognized by the adaptive and innate immune systems resulting in immune cell triggering, T cell activation, and/or B cell antibody production. (mhmedical.com)
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules are heterodimeric glycoproteins consisting of α and β chains, with approximate molecular mass of 33 kDa and 28 kDa respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
MHC class II molecules are specialized peptide receptors that play a critical role in initiating and regulating immune responses by binding peptide fragments that are 10-30 amino acids long [ 1 ] and present them on the surface of antigen-presenting cells for recognition by CD4 + T cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Sequence-based predictive systems, based on identifying patterns in peptides with experimentally determined binding strength, are widely used to facilitate the identification of binding peptides to MHC class II molecules. (biomedcentral.com)
Abnormal expression of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules in the placenta may trigger the initiating immunologic event in this organ, which is followed by cross-reactivity with an antigen present in the skin and the characteristic cutaneous signs of the disease. (medscape.com)
As a first-in-class antigen presenting cell (APC) activator, efti binds to MHC (major histocompatibility complex) Class II molecules on APC leading to activation and proliferation of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, CD4+ helper T cells, dendritic cells, NK cells, and monocytes. (kdvr.com)
Both the cell surface 3M-1 and the small amounts of detected class II MHC molecules appear to be biologically functional, as MCT cells can support the proliferation of 3M-1-specific, class II MHC-restricted helper T cells in culture. (rupress.org)
T cells use the T cell antigen-receptor (TCR) to recognize their antigens, which are often in the form of peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex molecules (MHC), also called HLA (human leukocyte antigens) in humans. (bcm.edu)
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II molecules which are called human leukocyte antigens (HLA), play an important role in the immune response (16). (ac.ir)
These molecules of cell surface play a critical role in antigen processing and T cell activity. (ac.ir)
Prediction of the binding ability of antigen peptides to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules is important in vaccine development. (neueve.com)
Immune responses are regulated and initiated by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, which bind to short peptides from antigens and display them on the cell surface for the recognition by T cell receptors. (neueve.com)
There are two types of MHC molecules, class I and class II, and both are highly polymorphic. (neueve.com)
Aberrant expression of major histocompatibility complex class I and II molecules in the putative immune-privileged infrainfundibular site of the hair follicle was found to be weaker in AA-resistant IFNgamma(-/-) mice than in control mice with AA. (unboundmedicine.com)

T cells play essential effectors and regulatory roles in adaptive immune responses to tumors, viruses, bacteria, parasites, transplanted tissues, allergens and even to self antigens. (bcm.edu)
The misconception that an individual's immune system is totally incapable of recognising self antigens is not new. (wikidoc.org)
Now, it is accepted that autoimmune responses are vital to the development and functioning of vertebrate immune systems, and central to the development of immunological tolerance to self-antigens. (wikidoc.org)

Many researchers have hypothesized the role of genetic susceptibility, environmental factors, putative antigens, and autoimmunity in the development of this disease, but no single cause has been identified to date. (encyclopedia.pub)
Second, autoimmunity is likely to have a role in allowing a rapid immune response in the early stages of an infection when the availability of foreign antigens limits the response (i.e., when there are few pathogens present). (wikidoc.org)

MHC class II proteins display these peptides to the immune system. (medlineplus.gov)
Motivated by a text mining model designed for building a classifier from labeled and unlabeled examples, we have developed an iterative supervised learning model for the prediction of MHC class II binding peptides. (neueve.com)
The prediction of MHC class II binding peptides is a difficult classification problem. (neueve.com)

The most important gene is human leukocyte antigen (HLA), also known as major histocompatibility complex (MHC), which is located on chromosome 6p21.3. (nih.gov)
The HLA-DRB1 gene is part of a family of genes called the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex. (medlineplus.gov)
CeD is triggered by gluten consumption in genetically susceptible individuals carrying certain major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II human leukocyte antigen (HLA) variants ( 5 , 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
Highest genetic risk is associated with particular Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) alleles, specifically Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-DR3 and HLA-DR4. (umbrella-scientific.us)
Susceptibility and resistance alleles of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DQA1 and HLA DQB1 are shared in endocrine autoimmune disease. (umbrella-scientific.us)
ss-cell autoantibodies, human leukocyte antigen II alleles, and type 1 diabetes in autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy. (umbrella-scientific.us)

Autoimmune hepatitis, formerly known as lupoid hepatitis, plasma cell hepatitis, or autoimmune chronic active hepatitis, is a chronic, autoimmune disease of the liver that occurs when the body's immune system attacks liver cells, causing the liver to be inflamed. (wikipedia.org)
Individuals with autoimmune hepatitis often have no initial symptoms and the disease may be detected by abnormal liver function tests and increased protein levels during routine bloodwork or the observation of an abnormal-looking liver during abdominal surgery. (wikipedia.org)
Autoimmune hepatitis may present completely asymptomatic (12-35% of the cases), with signs of chronic liver disease, or acute or even fulminant hepatic failure. (wikipedia.org)
pDCs thus function as APCs during the course of EAE and confer a natural protection against autoimmune disease development that is mediated directly by their ability to present of Ags to CD4(+) T cells in vivo. (unige.ch)
It is an autoimmune, polygenic disease, associated with several genes on different chromosomes. (nih.gov)
Certain variations in the HLA-DRB1 gene have been linked to an increased risk of developing an autoimmune disorder called autoimmune Addison disease. (medlineplus.gov)
In autoimmune Addison disease, the immune system attacks the adrenal glands, which are small hormone-producing glands located on top of each kidney. (medlineplus.gov)
A particular HLA-DRB1 gene variant called HLA-DRB1*04:04 is the most well-known risk factor for autoimmune Addison disease. (medlineplus.gov)
in about 85 percent of people with autoimmune Addison disease, the protein is 21-hydroxylase. (medlineplus.gov)
A shortage of adrenal hormones (adrenal insufficiency) disrupts several normal functions in the body, leading to the diverse features of autoimmune Addison disease. (medlineplus.gov)
It is not clear how HLA-DRB1*04:04 and other HLA-DRB1 variations are involved in the inappropriate immune response that causes autoimmune Addison disease. (medlineplus.gov)
The evidence for an autoimmune etiology includes pathological findings of infiltrating T cells, the presence of antigen-antibody complexes in affected cartilage, cellular and humoral responses against collagen type II and other collagen antigens, and the observation that immunosuppressive regimens most often suppress the disease. (medscape.com)
The same disease can be induced by injecting mice with heart proteins mixed with adjuvant(s), which indicates that an active infection is not necessary for the development of autoimmune disease. (cdc.gov)
We have found that CB3 triggers autoimmune disease in susceptible mice by stimulating elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines from mast cells during the innate immune response. (cdc.gov)
Infections occur before the onset of symptoms of autoimmune disease, making links to specific causative agents difficult. (cdc.gov)
Studies of the prevalence of autoimmune disease in monozygotic twins show that genetic as well as environmental factors (such as infection) are necessary for the disease to develop ( 6 ). (cdc.gov)
More often, many different microorganisms have been associated with a single autoimmune disease, which indicates that more than one infectious agent can induce the same disease through similar mechanisms ( Table ) ( 9 ). (cdc.gov)
Since infections generally occur well before the onset of symptoms of autoimmune disease, clinically linking a specific causative agent to a particular autoimmune disease is difficult ( Figure 2 ). (cdc.gov)
leading to autoimmune disease. (iwai-chem.net)
Coeliac disease (CeD) is a multifactorial intestinal immune-mediated disorder with autoimmune features that leads to inflammatory and destructive lesions in the proximal small intestine. (frontiersin.org)
In a study of such autoimmune disorders, the infiltrating T cells from the thyroid glands of two patients with Graves' disease were cloned in mitogen-free interleukin-2 (T-cell growth factor). (ox.ac.uk)
These clones provide a model of a human autoimmune disease and their analysis should clarify mechanisms of pathogenesis and provide clues to abrogating these undesirable immune responses. (ox.ac.uk)
Pemphigoid gestationis is a rare autoimmune vesiculobullous skin disease closely related to the pemphigoid group of blistering disorders. (medscape.com)
NASDAQ: IMMP) ("Immutep" or "the Company"), a clinical-stage biotechnology company developing novel LAG-3 immunotherapies for cancer and autoimmune disease, today announces data from Part C of its TACTI-002 Phase II trial has been published in an abstract available on the 2023 American Society of Clinical Oncology's (ASCO) Annual Meeting's official website. (kdvr.com)
Immutep is a clinical stage biotechnology company developing novel LAG-3 immunotherapy for cancer and autoimmune disease. (kdvr.com)
author = {Matthieu Sawaf and Hélène Dumortier and Fanny Monneaux}, doi = {10.1155/2016/5767106}, issn = {2314-7156}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Journal of Immunology Research}, volume = {2016}, pages = {5767106}, abstract = {Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by B cell hyperactivity leading to the production of autoantibodies, some of which having a deleterious effect. (cnrs.fr)
Pemphigoid gestationis is a pregnancy-associated autoimmune disease. (medscape.com)
This region of BPAG2 is also an immunodominant epitope in bullous pemphigoid, a closely related autoimmune blistering disease. (medscape.com)
Their lifetime risk of other autoimmune conditions, especially Graves disease, is increased. (medscape.com)
One strong indicator for antigenic involvement in RA is the fact that certain major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II genotypes [human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DR4 and HLA-DR1] predispose for the development of the disease [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Regarding the autoimmune etiology in RAS, it can be noted that predisposition to disease can be examined genetically (15). (ac.ir)
Alopecia areata (AA) is a T-cell mediated putative autoimmune disease of hair follicles, which can be transferred by CD4(+) T cells. (unboundmedicine.com)
Addison's disease is a disease of the adrenal cortex caused by autoimmune destruction of the adrenal gland with fibrosis and mononuclear cell infiltration. (umbrella-scientific.us)
Major histocompatibility complex class II and III in Addison's disease. (umbrella-scientific.us)
There is evidence that the development of an autoimmune disease may occur over several years as a consequence of a 'multi-step' process. (pocketdentistry.com)
In 1965, Brandtzaeg and Kraus 5 were the first to postulate an autoimmune basis for the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. (pocketdentistry.com)
However, because of the evident role of infection in periodontitis 74 , this disease is not classified as an autoimmune disease. (pocketdentistry.com)
Any disease that results from such an aberrant immune response is termed an autoimmune disease . (wikidoc.org)
Thus, any autoimmune response was perceived to be abnormal and postulated to be connected with human disease. (wikidoc.org)
2002) demonstrated that self-MHC recognition (which, if too strong may contribute to autoimmune disease) maintains the responsiveness of CD4+ T cells when foreign antigens are absent. (wikidoc.org)

We demonstrate that mice exhibiting a selective abrogation of MHCII expression by pDCs develop exacerbated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) as a consequence of enhanced priming of encephalitogenic CD4(+) T cell responses in secondary lymphoid tissues. (unige.ch)
We next extended these observations to detect cardiac myosin-specific T cells in autoimmune myocarditis induced in A/J mice by immunizing with cardiac myosin heavy chain-α (Myhc) 334-352. (unl.edu)
Proximal tubular epithelial cells from mice which develop autoimmune interstitial nephritis were found to express the nephritogenic target antigen, 3M-1. (rupress.org)
We found that mice with an MHC class II-peptide repertoire reduced to a single complex demonstrated various autoimmune reactions. (umass.edu)
Transgenic mice bearing a TCR (MM14.4) cloned from such a mouse developed severe autoimmune dermatitis. (umass.edu)
Furthermore, mice with a limited MHC-peptide repertoire selected elevated numbers of TCRs with dual MHC class I/MHC class II restriction, a likely source of autoreactivity. (umass.edu)
IFNgamma(-/-) mice fail to activate Th1 cells in response to the transplanted (auto)antigens, which suggests an essential requirement for IFN-gamma-mediated Th1 activation in the induction of AA. (unboundmedicine.com)
2002) injected an anti- MHC Class II antibody into mice expressing a single type of MHC Class II molecule (H-2 b ) to temporarily prevent CD4+ T cell-MHC interaction. (wikidoc.org)
Naive CD4+ T cells (those that have not encountered any antigens before) recovered from these mice 36 hours post-anti-MHC administration showed decreased responsiveness to the antigen pigeon cytochrome C peptide, as determined by Zap-70 phosphorylation , proliferation, and Interleukin-2 production. (wikidoc.org)

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a severe autoimmune blistering disorder characterized by the presence of pathogenic autoantibodies directed against desmoglein-3 (Dsg3), involving specific DR4 and DR6 alleles in Caucasians and DQ5 allele in Asians. (biomedcentral.com)
There is a fairly strong genetic background to pemphigus vulgaris with linkage to HLA class II alleles. (bvsalud.org)

The RAS etiology is less described, despite the overall agreement about the role of autoimmune reaction to oral mucosa or cross-reactive antigens. (ac.ir)

The HLA-DRB1 gene belongs to a group of MHC genes called MHC class II. (medlineplus.gov)
MHC class II genes provide instructions for making proteins that are present on the surface of certain immune system cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Immune responses by these cells are based on specific antigen recognition by clonotypic receptors that are products of genes that rearrange during development and throughout the life of the organism. (mhmedical.com)
The presence of HLA class II genes was demonstrable at the DNA level. (bmj.com)
A collection of genes encoding the dog leucocyte antigens (DLA) play a critical role in regulating immune responses and previous studies have implicated a role for these genes in canine DM. (biomedcentral.com)

1. Major histocompatibility complex class II antigens have the central role in the immune response of 'presenting' antigenic peptide to CD4 + T-cells. (portlandpress.com)
Direct Staining with Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Dextra" by Chandirasegaran Massilamany, Arunakumar Gangaplara et al. (unl.edu)
A role for the involvement of major histocompatibility complex class II antigens seems likely because of the association with human leukocyte antigens DR3 and DR4. (medscape.com)

By offering exquisite antigen specificity and sensitivity, it is suitable for basic and clinical study in a number of applications including cancer prevention, cancer therapy, cell and gene therapy, immunotherapy, drug / vaccine development, and non-cancer related immunology research. (bcm.edu)

A pure viral or bacterial infection, an autoimmune inflammation, or a combination of these can be the etiology. (medscape.com)

Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune conditions including type 1 diabetes (T1D). (biomedcentral.com)

Autoimmune disorders occur when the immune system malfunctions and attacks the body's tissues and organs. (medlineplus.gov)
CeD, similar to other organ-specific autoimmune disorders, is marked by its complexity both at the epidemiological and immunological levels, which translates into a spectrum of clinical manifestations ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
There are more than 80 recognised autoimmune disorders 7 , but only a small number of these have been investigated for a possible association with periodontitis ( Table 11-1 ). (pocketdentistry.com)

Genetic mapping of HLA susceptibility loci has traditionally relied on the use of phenotypic markers defined by alloantisera, cellular typing reagents and biochemical analysis of histocompatibility antigens. (ox.ac.uk)

Anomalous presentation of MHC class II receptors on the surface of liver cells, possibly due to genetic predisposition or acute liver infection, causes a cell-mediated immune response against the body's own liver, resulting in autoimmune hepatitis. (wikipedia.org)
These interactions promote the selective expansion of myelin-Ag-specific natural regulatory T cells that dampen the autoimmune T cell response. (unige.ch)
Gut microbiota regulates K/BxN autoimmune arthritis through follicular helper T but not Th17 cells. (merckmanuals.com)
The MICA gene is located in the MHC class I region and is expressed by monocytes, keratinocytes, and endothelial cells. (nih.gov)
2. In the light of current interest in muscle cell transplantation, a transformed myoblast, TE671, phenotypically comparable to untransformed cells, transfected to express class II, was studied as a stable model of antigen presentation by muscle cells. (portlandpress.com)
Use of peptide: HLA class II complexes to study specific T cells in autoimmune myasthenia gravis. (ox.ac.uk)
Human T-cell clones from autoimmune thyroid glands: specific recognition of autologous thyroid cells. (ox.ac.uk)
We report here the utility of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II dextramers for in situ detection of self-reactive CD4 T cells in two target organs, the brain and heart. (unl.edu)
The data suggest that MHC class II dextramers are useful tools for enumerating the frequencies of antigen-specific CD4 T cells in situ by direct staining without having to amplify the fluorescent signals, an approach commonly employed with conventional MHC tetramers. (unl.edu)
Additional cells of the adaptive immune system include various types of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). (mhmedical.com)
A 3 year old Turkish girl is described who was suffering from major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II deficiency syndrome, which is characterised by the lack of expression of HLA class II antigens on mononuclear cells. (bmj.com)
One possible mechanism for autoantibody generation may be aberrant expression of fetal major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-II on trophoblasts and amniochorionic stromal cells permits maternal detection of paternal MHC-II. (medscape.com)
However, the fundamental issue whether insulin-secreting hepatocytes in vivo will be destroyed by the autoimmune processes that kill pancreatic β cells has not been fully addressed. (deepdyve.com)
Together with previous reports that proinsulin is a possible autoantigen in the development of Type 1 diabetes, the autoimmune destruction of insulin producing liver cells is a distinct possibility. (deepdyve.com)
This fundamental question has not been addressed by previous studies with (pro)insulin producing hepatocytes Transient transfection of HEPG2 cells The transfection of the HEP G2 cells with the PEPCK-Ins as diabetes in these models was induced chemically rather than by autoimmune means [6-9]. (deepdyve.com)
The 3M-1 antigen can be found on the MCT cell surface by radioimmunoassay, or deposited in a linear array in the extracellular matrix surrounding the MCT cells in culture by immunofluorescence. (rupress.org)
In the 1994-1995, this problem was solved by the development of a revolutionized technique called "MHC Tetramer", which bind strongly to antigen-specific T cells due to an increased avidity effect. (bcm.edu)

Varying degrees of fibrosis (except in the mildest form of autoimmune hepatitis). (wikipedia.org)
Pemphigus Vulgaris (PV) is a potentially life-threatening form of autoimmune blistering skin disorder due to loss of integrity of normal intercellular attachments within the epidermis and mucosal epithelium. (biomedcentral.com)

Often, the symptoms of autoimmune hepatitis are minor. (hepatitisprohelp.com)

The prevailing theory for the development of autoimmune hepatitis is thought to be the interplay of genetic predisposition, an environmental trigger (virus, drugs, herbs, immunizations), and failure of the native immune system resulting in chronic inflammation of hepatocytes and subsequent fibrosis of the liver. (wikipedia.org)

This case is of interest as it shows that despite the absence of HLA class II antigens and combined immunodeficiency autoimmune reactions with production of specific autoantibodies directed to protein antigens are possible. (bmj.com)
Autoimmune reactions have been observed towards self-components in periodontitis 72 , 73 . (pocketdentistry.com)

8] The placenta is known to be the main source of disparate (paternal) antigens and can thus present an immunologic target during gestation. (medscape.com)

Autoimmune hepatitis can be characterized histologically by the following nonspecific findings: Portal mononuclear cell infiltrate that invades the boundary surrounding the portal triad and infiltrates the surrounding lobule. (wikipedia.org)

The specificity of autoimmune injury to cartilaginous tissues has led investigators to test the hypothesis that a cartilage-specific autoantibody is central to the pathogenesis of relapsing polychondritis. (medscape.com)

Pemphigoid gestationis (PG) is a rare autoimmune bullous dermatosis of pregnancy. (medscape.com)

The HLA complex is the human version of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), a gene family that occurs in many species. (medlineplus.gov)
Overall primary concerns are: extrapolating human clinical studies, seeding durable effective T cell resident memory (Trm), population human leucocyte antigen (HLA) coverage, and the potential for T cell-mediated immune escape. (mdpi.com)
After recalculating the response to CII taking this hyporesponsiveness into account the CII response was higher in RA patients, and was associated with human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1*0401 and HLA-DQA1*0301-DQB1*0302 (HLA-DQ8). (biomedcentral.com)

A genetic predisposition has been identified and, in White populations, localized to a shared epitope in the HLA-DRB1 locus of class II histocompatibility antigens. (merckmanuals.com)
These findings demonstrate for the first time that type 1 diabetes-associated genetic variants that restore immune tolerance to islet antigens also result in functional changes in the gut immune system and resultant changes in the microbiota. (biomedcentral.com)
MHC2TA single nucleotide polymorphism and genetic risk for autoimmune adrenal insufficiency. (umbrella-scientific.us)

Interferon secreted by leukocytes , fibroblasts , or lymphoblasts in response to viruses or interferon inducers other than mitogens, antigens , or allo-antigens. (lookformedical.com)

This study aimed to determine the relationship between one of the histocompatibility antigens (HLA DRB1) and its sub-groups with the incidence of recurrent aphthous ulcers in an Iranian population (North East of Iran). (ac.ir)

Hotspot autoimmune T cell receptor binding underlies pathogen and insulin peptide cross-reactivity. (expasy.org)

Characterization of a renal tubular epithelial cell line which secretes the autologous target antigen of autoimmune experimental interstitial nephritis. (rupress.org)

The strategy of the present work has accordingly been to reinvestigate T-cell reactivity to CII in RA patients, to relate it to the response to commonly used recall antigens and to analyze IFN-γ responses as an alternative to proliferative responses. (biomedcentral.com)

The HLA-DRB1 gene provides instructions for making a protein that plays a critical role in the immune system. (medlineplus.gov)
Each MHC class II gene has many possible variations, allowing the immune system to react to a wide range of foreign invaders. (medlineplus.gov)

Class of pro-inflammatory cytokines that have the ability to attract and activate leukocytes. (lookformedical.com)

Together, they form a functional protein complex called the HLA-DR antigen-binding heterodimer. (medlineplus.gov)
Efti is Immutep's proprietary soluble LAG-3 protein and MHC Class II agonist that stimulates both innate and adaptive immunity for the treatment of cancer. (kdvr.com)
The clinical course was complicated by a Coombs test positive haemolytic anaemia due to the production of autoantibodies against the rhesus "e' antigen, a non-glycosylated protein antigen. (bmj.com)

However, the relationship between HLA-class I (HLA-A, -B and -C) and HLA-class II (DR, -DQ - DP) with oral disorder has not yet been investigated extensively (16). (ac.ir)

Finally, we observed that the A2-MelanA tetramer+ CTLs isolated from vitiligo patients expressed high levels of the skin homing receptor, cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen, which was absent from the CTLs seen in the single A*0201-positive normal control. (ox.ac.uk)

Genotypes from all three loci were combined to reveal three-locus DLA class II haplotypes, which were evaluated for statistical associations with DM. (biomedcentral.com)

Anatomy33

Organisms14

Diseases10

Chemicals and Drugs113

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment32

Phenomena and Processes54

Disciplines and Occupations2

Information Science3

Named Groups1

Health Care2

Diseases37

Identify antigen-specific T cells2

Rheumatoid arthritis4

Antibodies8

Molecules18

Self antigens3

Autoimmunity2

Peptides3

Leukocyte antigen6

Disease40

Mice9

Alleles2

Cross-reactive1

Genes5

Major histocompatib3

Immunology1

Etiology1

Implicated in the pathogenesis1

Disorders3

Susceptibility1

Cells17

Form of autoimmune2

Symptoms of autoimmune1

Development of autoimmune1

Reactions2

Immunologic1

Mononuclear1

Specificity1

Rare autoimmune1

Human3

Genetic3

Mitogens1

Incidence1

Peptide1

Experimental1

Responses1

Immune system2

Inflammatory1

Protein3

Disorder1

Cutaneous1

Locus1