antibodies
- In certain diseases or conditions, an individual's blood may contain IgG antibodies that can specifically bind to antigens on the RBC surface membrane, and their circulating RBCs can become coated with IgG alloantibodies and/or IgG autoantibodies. (wikipedia.org)
- Common clinical uses of the Coombs test include the preparation of blood for transfusion in cross-matching, atypical antibodies in the blood plasma of pregnant women as part of antenatal care, and detection of antibodies for the diagnosis of immune-mediated haemolytic anemias. (wikipedia.org)
- In antenatal care, the IAT is used to screen pregnant women for antibodies that may cause hemolytic disease of the newborn. (wikipedia.org)
- Antibodies with high activity at physiological temperature (approximately 37 °C) are termed warm autoantibodies. (wikipedia.org)
- The IgG antibodies attach to a red blood cell, leaving their FC portion exposed with maximal reactivity at 37 °C (versus cold antibody induced hemolytic anemia whose antibodies only bind red blood cells at low body temperatures, typically 28-31 °C). The FC region is recognized and grabbed onto by FC receptors found on monocytes and macrophages in the spleen. (wikipedia.org)
- The autoantibody model proposes that, through a mechanism not yet understood, certain drugs will cause antibodies to be made against red blood cells which again leads to the same destructive sequence. (wikipedia.org)
Coombs
- medical citation needed][clarification needed] The direct Coombs test is used clinically when immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (antibody-mediated destruction of RBCs) is suspected. (wikipedia.org)
- To determine the autoantibody or autoantibodies present in a patient, the Coombs test, also known as the antiglobulin test, is performed. (wikipedia.org)
AIHA
- AIHA is classified as either warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia or cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia, which includes cold agglutinin disease and paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria. (wikipedia.org)
- The most common causes of secondary warm-type AIHA include lymphoproliferative disorders (e.g., chronic lymphocytic leukemia, lymphoma) and other autoimmune disorders (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis). (wikipedia.org)
- AIHA cannot be attributed to any single autoantibody. (wikipedia.org)
- Cold autoantibodies act best at temperatures of 0-4 °C. Patients with cold-type AIHA, therefore, have higher disease activity when body temperature falls into a hypothermic state. (wikipedia.org)
antibody
- Warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia (WAIHA) is the most common form of autoimmune hemolytic anemia. (wikipedia.org)
- Case report of warm-antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia with typical laboratory findings. (wikipedia.org)
blood cells
- a disorder characterized by autoantibodies that agglutinate red blood cells at below normal body temperatures. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Some types of anemia are named for the factors causing them: poor diet ( nutritional anemia ), excessive blood loss ( hemorrhagic anemia ), congenital defects of hemoglobin ( hypochromic anemia ), exposure to industrial poisons, diseases of the bone marrow ( aplastic anemia and hypoplastic anemia ), or any other disorder that upsets the balance between blood loss through bleeding or destruction of blood cells and production of blood cells. (thefreedictionary.com)
severe anemia
- The combination of poor diet and chronic loss of blood makes for particular susceptibility to severe anemia. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Laboratory findings include severe anemia, increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV, due to the presence of a large number of reticulocytes), and hyperbilirubinemia (from increased red cell destruction) that can be of the conjugated or unconjugated type. (wikipedia.org)
immune
- The National Cancer Institute considers "immunohemolytic anemia", "autoimmune hemolytic anemia", and "immune complex hemolytic anemia" to all be synonyms. (wikipedia.org)
disorders
- Any of a group of disorders marked by hemolytic anemia, obstruction of the microcirculation, or both. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Less commonly, it can be caused by concomitant autoimmune disorders. (wikipedia.org)
erythrocyte
- an autoimmune disease in which erythrocyte autoantibodies, usually IgM, are most active at temperatures below 98.6°F (37°C). Agglutination occurs in capillaries of the extremities (tail, ears, nose and feet), particularly on exposure to cold, resulting in tissue necrosis in those areas. (thefreedictionary.com)
characteristics
- Anemias can also be classified according to the morphologic characteristics of the erythrocytes, such as size ( microcytic , macrocytic , and normocytic anemias ) and color or hemoglobin concentration ( hypochromic anemia ). (thefreedictionary.com)
- These classifications are based on the characteristics of the autoantibodies involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. (wikipedia.org)
cold
- Contrary to cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia (e.g., cold agglutinin disease and paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria) which happens in cold temperature (28-31 °C), WAIHA happens at body temperature. (wikipedia.org)
cause
- Mild degrees of anemia often cause only slight and vague symptoms, perhaps nothing more than easy fatigue or a lack of energy. (thefreedictionary.com)
- If there is massive bleeding from a wound or other lesion, the body may lose enough blood to cause severe and acute anemia, which is often accompanied by shock. (thefreedictionary.com)
- These anemias disappear when the cause has been found and corrected. (thefreedictionary.com)
common
- Anemias associated with folic acid deficiency are very common. (thefreedictionary.com)
patient
- Peripheral blood smears from a patient with megaloblastic anemia (left) and from a normal subject (right), both at the same magnification. (thefreedictionary.com)
below
- The World Health Organization has defined anemia as a hemoglobin concentration below 7.5 mmol/L (12 g/dL) in women and below 8.1 mmol/L (13 g/dL) in men. (thefreedictionary.com)
Hemolysis
- WAAs may rarely cause a warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia (WAIHA), but most WAAs do not result in hemolysis. (springer.com)
- Additionally, autoimmune hemolysis is frequently the presenting manifestation of a myriad of underlying autoimmune, infectious and/or neoplastic processes, and awareness of such association allows for earlier diagnosis and management of these disorders. (springer.com)
- Freedman J. Autoimmune hemolysis: a journey through time. (springer.com)
- Autoantibodies that bind to the erythrocyte membrane leading to premature erythrocyte destruction (hemolysis) characterize autoimmune hemolytic anemia. (wikipedia.org)
- In warm antibody hemolytic anemia, hemolysis occurs primarily in the spleen and is not due to direct lysis of RBCs. (merckmanuals.com)
rare autoimmune
- Cold agglutinin disease (CAD) is a rare autoimmune hemolytic anemia mediated by autoantibodies that preferentially react at 4°C. Laboratory testing for cold-reactive autoantibodies is laborious and may not be ordered judiciously, particularly in patients with a negative direct antiglobulin test (DAT). (ovid.com)
- Considered a rare to very rare autoimmune disorder it has had few studies with cohorts often less than 30. (wikipedia.org)
- PCH is a rare autoimmune haemolytic anaemia that can occur following an infection, when a microorganism triggers the formation of antibodies that cross-react with the P antigen on the red blood cell membrane (see article on the P antigen system). (wikipedia.org)
immune mediated hemolytic anemia
- Autoagglutination is seen to occur in a type of immune mediated hemolytic anemia known as cold agglutinin disease. (wikipedia.org)
- medical citation needed][clarification needed] The direct Coombs test is used clinically when immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (antibody-mediated destruction of RBCs) is suspected. (wikipedia.org)
microangiopathic hemoly
- The pentad includes: Fever Changes in mental status Thrombocytopenia Reduced kidney function Haemolytic anaemia (microangiopathic hemolytic anemia). (wikipedia.org)
coombs
- To determine the autoantibody or autoantibodies present in a patient, the Coombs test, also known as the antiglobulin test, is performed. (wikipedia.org)
- Common clinical uses of the Coombs test include the preparation of blood for transfusion in cross-matching, atypical antibodies in the blood plasma of pregnant women as part of antenatal care, and detection of antibodies for the diagnosis of immune-mediated haemolytic anemias. (wikipedia.org)
presence of an underlying autoimm
- Treatment for aPL-positive patients is based on the patient's clinical status, presence of an underlying autoimmune disease, and history of thrombotic events. (deepdyve.com)
antigens
- In other autoimmune diseases, the cellular immune system may also react against a body's auto-antigens. (primaryimmune.org)
- More recently it has become accepted that autoimmune responses are an integral part of vertebrate immune systems (sometimes termed "natural autoimmunity"), normally prevented from causing disease by the phenomenon of immunological tolerance to self-antigens. (wikipedia.org)
- 2002) demonstrated that self-MHC recognition (which, if too strong may contribute to autoimmune disease) maintains the responsiveness of CD4+ T cells when foreign antigens are absent. (wikipedia.org)
- In certain diseases or conditions, an individual's blood may contain IgG antibodies that can specifically bind to antigens on the RBC surface membrane, and their circulating RBCs can become coated with IgG alloantibodies and/or IgG autoantibodies. (wikipedia.org)
- People with PCH, a polyclonal IgG anti-P autoantibody binds to red blood cell surface antigens in the cold. (wikipedia.org)
- Dig Dis 10(2):85-101 Berg PA, Klein R (1986) Mitochondrial antigens and autoantibodies: from anti-M1 to anti-M9. (wikipedia.org)
- These are:[citation needed] Bacterial or fungal sepsis Necrotizing enterocolitis, circulating neutrophil population depleted due to migration into the intestines and peritoneum Alloimmune neonatal neutropenia, the mother produces antibodies against fetal neutrophils Inherited autoimmune neutropenia, mother has autoimmune neutropenia Autoimmune neutropenia of infancy, the sensitization to self-antigens The pathophysiology of neutropenia can be divided into congenital and acquired. (wikipedia.org)
recognized as an autoimmune disease
- it was the first condition recognized as an autoimmune disease. (wikipedia.org)
diseases
- Background Interleukin-17A is the signature cytokine of the Th17 subset and drives inflammatory pathology, but its relevance to autoantibody-mediated diseases is unclear. (haematologica.org)
- Conventional treatments for autoimmune diseases are unsatisfactory, and the design of more targeted, effective approaches will depend on a better understanding of the pathogenic immune responses. (haematologica.org)
- Identification of key effector cytokines and blockade of their activity using biological therapies has proven to be an attractive strategy in cell-mediated inflammatory conditions, 1 , 2 but the cytokine response in many diseases that are driven by autoantibody remains poorly characterized. (haematologica.org)
- The patients had no signs of other autoimmune diseases. (biomedsearch.com)
- Sometimes people with primary immunodeficiency diseases cannot make "good" antibodies to protect against infection but only make "bad" autoantibodies, which then cause autoimmune disease. (primaryimmune.org)
- Autoimmune complications have been reported in a wide range of primary immunodeficiency diseases. (primaryimmune.org)
- However, certain primary immunodeficiency diseases have autoimmune disease as their primary problem. (primaryimmune.org)
- The development of autoantibodies that bind to and destroy blood cells is the most common autoimmune disease seen in primary immunodeficiency diseases. (primaryimmune.org)
- 5% virtually pathognomonic for ALPS Mild elevations also found in other autoimmune diseases Thought to be cytotoxic T lymphocytes that have lost CD8 expression Unknown if driver of disease or epiphenomenon May be falsely elevated in setting of lymphopenia or falsely decreased with immunosuppressive treatment BiomarkersPolyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia Elevated serum FASL Elevated plasma IL-10 and/or IL-18 Elevated plasma or serum vitamin B12 Autoantibodies: Non-specific. (wikipedia.org)
- By the 1950s the modern understanding of autoantibodies and autoimmune diseases started to spread. (wikipedia.org)
- PBC is seen primarily in middle-aged women, and in those afflicted with other autoimmune diseases. (wikipedia.org)
- The reason why the antibodies form is generally unknown for most patients, though it can be associated with some medications and autoimmune diseases such as HIV and Lupus, as well as pregnancy. (wikipedia.org)
- Acute episodes can display significant clinical overlap with acute viral illnesses, autoimmune diseases, hematologic malignancies, and even sepsis. (wikipedia.org)
thrombocytopenia
- IgM anti-mouse platelet autoantibodies cause thrombocytopenia by mediating uptake of opsonized thrombocytes, whereas IgM anti-erythrocyte autoantibodies induce anemia through a phagocytosis-independent cell destruction. (jimmunol.org)
- To define the role of Fcα/μ receptor (Fcα/μR) in IgM-mediated thrombocytopenia and anemia, we generated mice deficient for this receptor. (jimmunol.org)
- These animals were resistant to IgM autoantibody-mediated thrombocytopenia, but not anemia. (jimmunol.org)
- These IgM autoantibodies induced in vivo thrombocytopenia through uptake of opsonized platelets ( 10 ). (jimmunol.org)
- In vivo, mouse infection with lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV) strongly enhances the pathogenicity of both anti-erythrocyte and anti-platelet IgG autoantibodies, leading to severe anemia and thrombocytopenia, respectively ( 18 - 20 ). (jimmunol.org)
- When autoantibodies are formed against the platelets and cause thrombocytopenia, it is known as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). (primaryimmune.org)
- It has been variously reported that between 10% and 23% of patients who have autoimmune hemolytic anemia, will also have thrombocytopenia and thus Evans syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
- Autoantibodies targeted at different antigenic determinants on red cells and platelets are assumed to cause isolated episodes of hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia, respectively. (wikipedia.org)
- These include: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia, Autoimmune neutropenia, Autoimmune thrombocytopenia. (wikipedia.org)
RBCs
- Warm autoantibodies (WAAs) are typically immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies directed against red blood cells (RBCs) that react maximally at 37 °C. They are detected in 1:1000 to 1:50,000 of pregnancies. (springer.com)
- Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is caused by autoantibodies that react with RBCs at temperatures ≥ 37 ° C (warm antibody hemolytic anemia) or 37 ° C (cold agglutinin disease). (merckmanuals.com)
- Discuss adsorption techniques using autologous and allogeneic RBCs for the detection of alloantibodies underlying warm autoantibodies. (aabb.org)
- Anemia is the term used to describe a low number of RBCs. (primaryimmune.org)
idiopathic thrombo
- These cases are now classed as an autoimmune disease and are known as autoimmune TTP (not to be confused with immune/idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura). (wikipedia.org)
clinical
- Wheeler C, Calhoun L, Blackall D. Warm reactive autoantibodies: clinical and serologic correlations. (springer.com)
- Packman C. The clinical pictures of autoimmune hemolytic anemias. (springer.com)
- Autoimmune disease is the second most common clinical manifestation and one that most often requires treatment. (wikipedia.org)
neutropenia
- The autoimmune phenotype can present in childhood or adulthood and primarily includes autoimmune hemolytic anemia, ITP, and neutropenia. (wikipedia.org)
- Causes can be divided into these groups: Chronic neutropenia: Aplastic anemia Glycogen storage disease Cohen syndrome Congenital immunological disorder Barth syndrome Vitamin B12 deficiency Pearson syndrome Pudlak syndrome Transient neutropenia: Typhoid Tuberculosis Cytomegalovirus Propylthiouracil Levamisole Penicillamine Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole Clozapine Valproate Gram-positive bacteria are present in 60-70% of bacterial infections. (wikipedia.org)
- Congenital neutropenia is related to alloimmunization, sepsis, maternal hypertension, twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome, and Rh hemolytic disease. (wikipedia.org)
- Meanwhile, several subtypes of neutropenia exist which are rarer and chronic, including: acquired (idiopathic) neutropenia, cyclic neutropenia, autoimmune neutropenia, and congenital neutropenia. (wikipedia.org)
cold-antibody
- The IgG antibodies attach to a red blood cell, leaving their FC portion exposed with maximal reactivity at 37 °C (versus cold antibody induced hemolytic anemia whose antibodies only bind red blood cells at low body temperatures, typically 28-31 °C). The FC region is recognized and grabbed onto by FC receptors found on monocytes and macrophages in the spleen. (wikipedia.org)
Transfusion
- If anemia is severe, blood transfusion may be needed. (wikipedia.org)
systemic
- Systemic sclerosis: Cold agglutinin disease has been described in patients with sclerodermic features, with the degree of anemia being associated with increasing disease activity of the patient's systemic sclerosis. (wikipedia.org)
- This may suggest a close association between systemic rheumatic disease and autoimmune hematologic abnormalities. (wikipedia.org)
- APS can be primary, if it occurs in the absence of any underlying disease, or secondary, if it is associated with another autoimmune disorder, most commonly systemic lupus erythematosus. (deepdyve.com)
- M5 - systemic lupus erythematosus and undifferentiated collagenosis, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia. (wikipedia.org)
- Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), also known simply as lupus, is an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue in many parts of the body. (wikipedia.org)
- Multicentric Castleman disease (MCD) involves "Castleman-like" lymph node changes at multiple sites and patients often demonstrate intense episodes of systemic inflammatory symptoms, polyclonal/reactive lymphocyte and plasma cell proliferation, autoimmune manifestations, and multiple organ system impairment. (wikipedia.org)
- Systemic scleroderma, also called diffuse scleroderma or systemic sclerosis, is an autoimmune disease of the connective tissue. (wikipedia.org)
platelets
- In the mouse, pathogenic IgM anti-platelet autoantibodies have been reported in male (NZW × BXSB) F1 mice ( 8 ), and IgM Abs bound to platelets were found after immunization of mice with rat platelets ( 9 ). (jimmunol.org)
- Phagocytosis of autoantibody-opsonized platelets may be enhanced by components of infectious agents such as bacterial LPS ( 17 ). (jimmunol.org)
- Evans syndrome is an autoimmune disease in which an individual's antibodies attack their own red blood cells and platelets. (wikipedia.org)
- Immune thrombocytopenic purpura is a condition in which platelets are destroyed by an autoimmune process. (wikipedia.org)
- TTP, as with other microangiopathic hemolytic anemias (MAHAs), is caused by spontaneous aggregation of platelets and activation of coagulation in the small blood vessels. (wikipedia.org)
- Laboratory tests may also reveal low levels of platelets (cells in the blood that aid in clotting), elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, a chemical released from damaged cells, and which is therefore a marker of cellular damage), decreased haptoglobin (indicative of the breakdown of red blood cells), anemia (low red blood cell count)/schistocytes (damaged red blood cells), elevated creatinine (indicative of kidney dysfunction), and proteinuria (indicative of kidney injury). (wikipedia.org)
lymphoproliferative
- citation needed] It has been observed that there is a risk of developing other autoimmune problems and hypogammaglobulinemia, with recent research finding that 58% of children with Evans syndrome have CD4-/CD8- T cells which is a strong predictor for having autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
- Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS), also known as Canale-Smith syndrome, is a form of lymphoproliferative disorder (LPDs). (wikipedia.org)
- It shares many features with autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome and is caused by somatic mutations in NRAS or KRAS. (wikipedia.org)
laboratory
- Warm-reactive (immunoglobulin G) autoantibodies and laboratory testing best practices: review of the literature and survey of current practice. (springer.com)
- Laboratory findings include severe anemia, increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV, due to the presence of a large number of reticulocytes), and hyperbilirubinemia (from increased red cell destruction) that can be of the conjugated or unconjugated type. (wikipedia.org)
WAIHA
- Contrary to cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia (e.g., cold agglutinin disease and paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria) which happens in cold temperature (28-31 °C), WAIHA happens at body temperature. (wikipedia.org)
anti-platelet
- In this article, we show that infection with lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus, a benign mouse arterivirus, exacerbates the pathogenicity of IgM anti-platelet, but not anti-erythrocyte autoantibodies. (jimmunol.org)
- These results indicate that Fcα/μR is required for the pathogenicity of IgM anti-platelet autoantibodies but is not sufficient to explain the full extent of the disease in virally infected animals. (jimmunol.org)
disease
- Th1 cells secreting interferon-γ have been implicated in autoimmune hemolytic anemia, so the aim was to determine which cytokine is more closely associated with disease severity. (haematologica.org)
- Conclusions Interleukin-17A makes a previously unrecognized contribution to the autoimmune response in autoimmune hemolytic anemia, challenging the model that the disease is driven primarily by Th1 cells. (haematologica.org)
- It is postulated that such calcineurin inhibitors, which selectively affect T-cell function and spare B-lymphocytes, may interfere with the deletion of autoreactive T-cell clones, resulting in autoimmune disease. (wikipedia.org)
- Autoantibodies in cold agglutinin disease are usually IgM. (merckmanuals.com)
- Sometimes these antibodies themselves are harmless but suggest the presence of an autoimmune disease. (primaryimmune.org)
- Haemolytic disease of the newborn (HDFN) due to alloanti-LW is described as mild and very rare, even the very potent anti-LWab of one known patient caused minimal evidence of HDFN in her three pregnancies. (wikipedia.org)
- These classifications are based on the characteristics of the autoantibodies involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. (wikipedia.org)
- Patients with ALPS have a defect in this apoptotic pathway, leading to chronic non-malignant lymphoproliferation, autoimmune disease, and secondary cancers. (wikipedia.org)
- No longer considered a subtype of ALPS but distinct disesase Treatment is most commonly directed at autoimmune disease and may be needed to treat bulky lymphoproliferation. (wikipedia.org)
- In antenatal care, the IAT is used to screen pregnant women for antibodies that may cause hemolytic disease of the newborn. (wikipedia.org)
- Hemolytic anemia Cold agglutinin disease List of hematologic conditions Moticka, Edward J. (2013). (wikipedia.org)
- Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is an extremely rare, life-threatening, progressive disease that frequently has a genetic component. (wikipedia.org)
- The requisite lymphocytosis of this disease is typically 2-20x109/L. Immunoglobulin derangements including hypergammaglobulinemia, autoantibodies, and circulating immune complexes are commonly seen. (wikipedia.org)
- Castleman disease must be distinguished from other disorders that can demonstrate "Castleman-like" lymph node features, including reactive lymph node hyperplasia, autoimmune disorders, and malignancies. (wikipedia.org)
infectious
- Cold agglutinins develop in more than 60% of patients with infectious mononucleosis, but hemolytic anemia is rare. (wikipedia.org)
warm reactive
- Blackall D. How do I approach patients with warm reactive autoantibodies? (springer.com)
- 3 , 4 The autoantibody in most patients is 'warm reactive' with optimal affinity for red blood cells (RBC) at 37°C, predominantly of the IgG class, and mediates clearance by macrophages. (haematologica.org)
polyclonal
- Another sign is autoimmune cytopenias and polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia and a family history of ALPS or non-malignant lymphoproliferation. (wikipedia.org)
Cytopenias
- Autoimmune cytopenias: Most common. (wikipedia.org)
patients
- Although IgM autoantibodies are nearly as frequently found as IgG autoantibodies in patients with autoimmune anemias ( 1 ) and thrombocytopenias ( 2 , 3 ), they have attracted much less attention than their IgG counterparts. (jimmunol.org)
- Interestingly, both IgM-mediated anemias ( 1 ) and thrombocytopenias ( 6 , 7 ) have been reported in patients after viral infections. (jimmunol.org)
- Efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of autoimmune hemolytic anemia: results in 73 patients. (springer.com)
- Design and Methods Interferon-γ and interleukin-17A were measured in the sera of patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia and healthy donors, and in peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures stimulated with autologous red blood cells, or a panel of peptides spanning red blood cell autoantigen. (haematologica.org)
- Transplantation: Cold agglutinin-mediated hemolytic anemia has been described in patients after living-donor liver transplantation treated with tacrolimus and after bone marrow transplantation with cyclosporine treatments. (wikipedia.org)
- List five serological characteristics seen in patients with IgM warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia. (aabb.org)
- patients with hemolytic anemia are at an increased risk of infection with? (brainscape.com)
destruction
- Anti-LW can be present as a clinically insignificant autoantibody and not be associated with increased red cell destruction. (wikipedia.org)
Erythrocyte
- In contrast, the presence of agglutinating IgM anti-erythrocyte autoantibodies was associated with a lethal form of anemia due to a massive hemagglutination ( 5 ). (jimmunol.org)
- In contrast, IgM anti-erythrocyte autoantibodies generated from NZB mice ( 11 ) cause anemia through spleen accumulation of agglutinated erythrocytes rather than through erythrophagocytosis ( 12 , 13 ). (jimmunol.org)
- Erythrocyte autoantibodies, autoimmune haemolysis and pregnancy. (springer.com)
2018
- Gavva C. (2018) Warm Autoantibodies During Pregnancy. (springer.com)
Immunoglobulins
- Anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMA) are autoantibodies, consisting of immunoglobulins formed against mitochondria, primarily the mitochondria in cells of the liver. (wikipedia.org)
commonly
- Signs and symptoms of anemia are commonly found, due to the association between T-LGLL and erythroid hypoplasia. (wikipedia.org)
- IL-6 is the most commonly elevated cytokine, but some affected people may have normal IL-6 levels and present with non-iron-deficient microcytic anemia. (wikipedia.org)
Diagnosis
- The diagnosis is made upon blood tests to confirm not only hemolytic anemia and immune thrombocytopenic purpura, but also a positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT) and an absence of any known underlying cause. (wikipedia.org)
occur
- Cold agglutinins, or cold autoantibodies, occur naturally in nearly all individuals. (wikipedia.org)
- These natural cold autoantibodies occur at low titers, less than 1:64 measured at 4 °C, and have no activity at higher temperatures. (wikipedia.org)
- Hemoglobinuria and anemia can then occur. (wikipedia.org)
newborn
- Iafusco F, Buffa V. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia in a newborn infant. (springer.com)
blood
- Harmless pregnancy-induced warm autoantibodies to red blood cells. (springer.com)
- The autoantibody model proposes that, through a mechanism not yet understood, certain drugs will cause antibodies to be made against red blood cells which again leads to the same destructive sequence. (wikipedia.org)
- Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is a condition in which the red blood cells that normally carry oxygen and carbon dioxide are destroyed by an autoimmune process. (wikipedia.org)
- Careful compatibility testing by the blood bank is necessary because autoantibodies may interfere with blood typing. (wikipedia.org)
- Red blood cells passing the microscopic clots are subjected to shear stress, which damages their membranes, leading to rupture of red blood cells within blood vessels, which in turn leads to anaemia and schistocyte formation. (wikipedia.org)
synonyms
- The National Cancer Institute considers "immunohemolytic anemia", "autoimmune hemolytic anemia", and "immune complex hemolytic anemia" to all be synonyms. (wikipedia.org)
mild
- The anemia may be mild or severe. (wikipedia.org)
person's
- The mechanism involves an immune response by autoantibodies against a person's own tissues. (wikipedia.org)
abnormalities
- Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is caused by abnormalities extrinsic to the RBC . (merckmanuals.com)
thrombosis
- The exact pathogenetic mechanism of APS is unknown, but different, not mutually exclusive, models have been proposed to explain how anti-PL autoantibodies might lead to thrombosis and pregnancy morbidity. (deepdyve.com)
Complement
- After addition of active complement to patient sera in vitro, six sera showed increased haemolytic activity. (biomedsearch.com)
- The complement system activation may be due to mutations in the complement regulatory proteins (factor H, factor I, or membrane cofactor protein), or is occasionally due to acquired neutralizing autoantibody inhibitors of these complement system components, for example anti-factor H antibodies. (wikipedia.org)
acute
- The presence of hemolysins in acute hemolytic anemia. (springer.com)
lymphoproliferative syndrome
- citation needed] It has been observed that there is a risk of developing other autoimmune problems and hypogammaglobulinemia, with recent research finding that 58% of children with Evans syndrome have CD4-/CD8- T cells which is a strong predictor for having autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
- It shares many features with autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome and is caused by somatic mutations in NRAS or KRAS. (wikipedia.org)
- Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS), also known as Canale-Smith syndrome, is a form of lymphoproliferative disorder (LPDs). (wikipedia.org)
microangiopathic anemia
- aHUS often presents with malaise and fatigue, as well as microangiopathic anemia. (wikipedia.org)
development of autoimmune
- DPT vaccination: Diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) vaccination has been implicated in the development of autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by IgM autoantibody with a high thermal range. (wikipedia.org)
hemolysis
- Richmond GW, Ray I, Korenblit A. Initial stabilization preceding enhanced hemolysis in autoimmune hemolytic anemia treated with intravenous gammaglobulin. (stopsneezesandwheezes.com)
- Autoantibodies that bind to the erythrocyte membrane leading to premature erythrocyte destruction (hemolysis) characterize autoimmune hemolytic anemia. (wikipedia.org)
chronic
- When anemia iis a slow ongoing/chronic process- our body can compensate. (healthtap.com)
- Very rare chronic idiopathic/primary autoimmune disease form (usually seen in adults). (patient.info)
- Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic disease of unknown etiology, which usually progresses to cirrhosis if not diagnosed and treated promptly. (healthdrugpdf.com)
- Previously, human autoantibodies to the α domain of the high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRIα) have been isolated from Ab libraries derived from normal donors and patients with chronic urticaria. (jimmunol.org)
- Using phage display technology, we have recently isolated autoantibodies to the high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRIα) from tonsils of healthy children and from blood of chronic urticaria (CU) 3 patients ( 11 ). (jimmunol.org)
- Patients with ALPS have a defect in this apoptotic pathway, leading to chronic non-malignant lymphoproliferation, autoimmune disease, and secondary cancers. (wikipedia.org)
- Chronic fatigue, Due to anemia. (wikipedia.org)
giant cell hepatitis
- Autoimmune hemolytic anemia and giant cell hepatitis: report of three infants / Otoimmun hemolitik anemi ve dev hucreli hepatit birlikteligi olan uc olgunun sunumu. (biomedsearch.com)
clinically
- Anti-LW can be present as a clinically insignificant autoantibody and not be associated with increased red cell destruction. (wikipedia.org)
immunoglobulins
- Paroxysmal cold haemoglobinuria (PCH) is an autoimmune haemolytic anaemia , caused by cold-reacting immunoglobulins. (patient.info)
Pathology
- An autoimmune activation and loss of self-tolerance in these patients may be the underlying pathology related to the response of some of the patients to immunosuppressive treatment. (biomedsearch.com)
- Its overall pathology resembles a combination of autoimmune hemolytic anemia and immune thrombocytopenic purpura. (wikipedia.org)
cytopenias
- Autoimmune cytopenias: Most common. (wikipedia.org)
autoreactive
- Nevertheless, extensive studies using affinity-purified autoreactive Ig fractions have illustrated the increasing importance of natural autoantibodies. (jimmunol.org)
pathological
- Ehrlich later adjusted his theory to recognize the possibility of autoimmune tissue attacks, but believed certain innate protection mechanisms would prevent the autoimmune response from becoming pathological. (wikipedia.org)
fetal
- During fetal development, the immune system generates many B cells that can make autoantibodies, but B cells that could harm the body's own tissues are screened out and destroyed before birth. (thefreedictionary.com)
uncommon
- Auto anti-LW is not uncommon as an autoantibody but usually presents with transient suppression of the LW antigen in genetically LW+ individuals, and so appears to be an alloantibody. (wikipedia.org)
Kidney
- Kidney failre and death can happen in severe hemolytic anemia. (healthtap.com)
diagnosis
- How does the doctor know if the diagnosis is anemia? (healthtap.com)
- The diagnosis is made upon blood tests to confirm not only hemolytic anemia and immune thrombocytopenic purpura, but also a positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT) and an absence of any known underlying cause. (wikipedia.org)
organ
- One can die from severe anemia from massive acute bleeding due to hypoxia - decrease oxygenation to vitals organ that resulting in organ failure. (healthtap.com)
genetic
- RAS-associated autoimmune leukoproliferative disorder (RALD) is a rare genetic disorder of the immune system. (wikipedia.org)
rare
- Considered a rare to very rare autoimmune disorder it has had few studies with cohorts often less than 30. (wikipedia.org)
bind
- We suggested that autoimmune CU may be caused by an imbalance of natural Abs, which bind to an epitope exposed after removal of IgE from FcεRIα. (jimmunol.org)
children
- there are no reliable population-incidence figures, but it is believed to be responsible for about 40% of all autoimmune haemolytic anaemias that affect children (lower percentage for adults). (patient.info)
complications
- What life threathening complications can severe anemia gives a person? (healthtap.com)
symptoms of anemia
- What are the symptoms of anemia and what are some usual treatments? (healthtap.com)
- What are the symptoms of anemia? (healthtap.com)