• Estimating spatio-temporal receptive fields of auditory and visual neurons from their responses to natural stimuli. (berkeley.edu)
  • Adams, G.J., Johnson, K.G., 1994: Behavioural responses to barking and other auditory stimuli during night-time sleeping and waking in the domestic dog (Canis familiaris), Appl. (cuni.cz)
  • Julio Hechavarria: "For over 50 years, bats have served as an animal model for studying how the brain processes auditory stimuli and how human language develops. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • Moreover, physiological similarity in inner ear construction, brain auditory responses and unexpected richness in vocal signaling attested to the tremendous interest to mice bioacoustics and emotion perception. (acoustics.org)
  • Current lines of investigation in the mouse lab include simple measures of auditory processing such as time and intensity perception, the perception of ultrasonic vocalizations, the role of noise in masking of simple and complex signals, and the preference for certain vocalizations over others. (buffalo.edu)
  • The perception of acoustic signals and hormonal control over acoustic communication in rodents, Neuroendocrine Regulation of Animal Vocalization, C.S. Rosenfeld and F. Hoffman (Eds. (buffalo.edu)
  • Perception of ultrasonic vocalizations by socially housed and isolated mice. (buffalo.edu)
  • Pitch perception is not a skill unique to humans, say scientists from Johns Hopkins University (JHU), where a recent research study reveals that marmosets, considered to be "ancient" monkeys, appear to use auditory cues to distinguish between low and high notes. (hearingreview.com)
  • The study findings, as outlined in an article in the December 28, 2015 edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) , indicate that aspects of pitch perception evolved more than 40 million years ago to enable vocal communication and songlike vocalizations. (hearingreview.com)
  • Pitch perception is essential to our ability to communicate and make music," said Xiaoqin Wang, PhD , a professor of biomedical engineering at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, "but until now, we didn't think any animal species, including monkeys, perceived it the way we do. (hearingreview.com)
  • Wang notes that other animal species have been reported to show pitch perception, but none have shown the three specialized features of human pitch perception. (hearingreview.com)
  • Common descent has been important in the evolution of the brain, such that avian and mammalian brains may be largely homologous, particularly in the case of brain regions involved in auditory perception, vocalization and auditory memory. (igi-global.com)
  • Our working hypothesis is that the dimensions that define the auditory perceptual space (such as pitch, timbre and loudness) exist because they correspond to acoustical features that provide robust cues about the information present in the communication signal. (berkeley.edu)
  • Finally, we are interested in the role of experience in shaping our auditory perceptual abilities and on the development of our auditory system. (berkeley.edu)
  • These investigations have led us to study the nature of the speech signal, to examine the perceptual space of timbre, to study the vocal communication system in non-human animals, to record the activity of auditory neurons in songbirds and to examine auditory responses in the human brain using imaging techniques. (berkeley.edu)
  • Connecting Deep Neural Networks to Physical, Perceptual, and Electrophysiological Auditory Signals. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • They serve as the principal animal model for understanding how the brain uses experience to develop vocal behaviors and auditory perceptual skills for social communication. (columbia.edu)
  • Seven methods of communication exist that can be used by animals to portray less abstract concepts such as mate finding, dominance establishment, territory defence, hunting and care: visual, auditory, olfactory, electric, touch, seismic and thermal. (spiegeloog.amsterdam)
  • The only prolonged periods of time multiple animals spend time together is the 15 month period (on average) cubs spend with their mother.Though undoubtedly there are instances where cougars run into each other (like at a kill, for example when these two females with cubs met ) but those encounters seem to be avoided by communication through various olfactory, visual, and auditory signs. (pumapix.com)
  • The vocalizations of female elephants are also used in order to incite mate guarding behavior in the male, which manifests itself in the form of fighting off any newly arriving mates. (wikipedia.org)
  • Animal behavior specialists continue to debate whether expression should be considered signs of emotion, related to internal physiological changes. (paulekman.com)
  • Understanding the complicated vocalizations of mice -- and how they relate to their social behavior -- will be crucial to advancing vocal and social communication research, including understanding how genes that affect vocal communication relate to children with developmental disorders including autism,' said Levitt, who is also WM Keck Provost Professor in Neurogenetics at the Keck School of Medicine at USC. (news-medical.net)
  • Many animals alter their anti-predator behavior in accordance to the threat level of a predator. (springer.com)
  • When any sparrowhawk model was present, blue tits decreased foraging and increased anti-predator behavior and vocalizations. (springer.com)
  • Additionally, each manipulation of the model predator's state (moving, vocalizing, or the presence of a dead conspecific) impacted different types of blue tit anti-predator behavior and vocalizations. (springer.com)
  • By experimentally manipulating robotic predators, we show that blue tits not only respond to the presence of a sparrowhawk, by decreasing feeding and increasing anti-predator behavior and vocalizations, but that they vary specific anti-predator behaviors when encountering differently behaving predators (moving, vocalizing, or those with captured prey), suggesting that prey pay attention to their predators' state and behavior. (springer.com)
  • She directs the Communication Neuroscience Laboratory in the Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, co-directs the Center for Integrative Animal Behavior, and is a member of the Kavli Institute for Brain Science. (columbia.edu)
  • Trips now offered each October, with a field course in Animal Behavior tentatively planned for 2016. (dolphincommunicationproject.org)
  • In the case of wild animals, we push the boundaries of their comfort zone and display threatening or unpredictable behavior that causes them to feel scared. (nature-mentor.com)
  • Does the animal change it's behavior & overall mood? (nature-mentor.com)
  • Behavior: Gophers are solitary animals and are active year-round. (wiki--travel.com)
  • We study the auditory system of humans and songbirds using neurophysiological techniques. (berkeley.edu)
  • Dr. Woolley's research on the neuroscience of social communication focuses on songbirds to decipher the neural and behavioral mechanisms of auditory-vocal learning. (columbia.edu)
  • Songbirds share with humans the extremely rare capacity to learn communication vocalizations from adult tutors during development. (columbia.edu)
  • Other songbirds, however, have the ability to sing while adjusting their song to other vocalizations. (mpg.de)
  • There has been convergent evolution of the capacity for auditory-vocal learning, and possibly for structuring of external vocalizations, such that apes lack the abilities that are shared between songbirds and humans. (igi-global.com)
  • For those who posit animal emotions do exist, they are believed to be communicated to one another through a variety of cues. (paulekman.com)
  • In parallel we are studying the computations performed by the auditory system that can extract the acoustical cues that correspond to these auditory percepts. (berkeley.edu)
  • Some maintain that it is more useful to consider the expressions as simply communicative signals, and many studies have done that, describing only what animals do. (paulekman.com)
  • We study the nature of the communication signals used by humans (speech and music) and animals using behavioral and statistical approaches. (berkeley.edu)
  • The image shows that different vocalization-related neural signals occurring across frontal cortex laminae (left) precede the two types of sounds (right) uttered by bats (species: Carollia perspicillata). (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • When this neural circuit fires off rhythmic signals, the bat emits a vocalisation about half a second later. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • In many cases, you probably aren't even aware of the messages you're already communicating, causing you to unintentionally send mixed signals or even threats to the very animals you want to be friends with. (nature-mentor.com)
  • The diversity of animal acoustic signals has evolved due to multiple ecological processes, both biotic and abiotic. (frontiersin.org)
  • At the level of communities of signaling animals, these processes may lead to diverse outcomes, including partitioning of acoustic signals along multiple axes (divergent signal parameters, signaling locations, and timing). (frontiersin.org)
  • In the wild, they form flocks and engage in a variety of social behaviors, including vocalization. (zikawa.com)
  • Because of the time and date stamp attached to the vocalizations, the investigators expect that this tool will be useful in correlating vocalizations with video recorded behavioral interactions, allowing additional information to be mined from mouse models relevant to the social deficits experienced by persons with autism. (news-medical.net)
  • We are attempting to prove this hypothesis by analyzing the statistics of natural sounds and by performing various behavioral studies in humans and animals. (berkeley.edu)
  • Linking anatomical and physiological markers of auditory system degeneration with behavioral hearing assessments in a mouse (Mus musculus) model of age-related hearing loss. (buffalo.edu)
  • Behavioral measurements of auditory streaming and build-up by budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus). (buffalo.edu)
  • Tactile, auditory and chemical senses appear to function as flags for the recognition of conspecifics and to promote the development of an interaction between the sexes. (bioone.org)
  • In the ventral occipito-temporal cortex auditory and visual category information are combined additively to sharpen visual category-selective responses. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • Recent neuroimaging and neurophysiology experiments have identified regions of non-primary auditory cortex in humans and non-human primates that exhibit selective responses to harmonic pitches. (primate-cognition.eu)
  • Accumulating evidence has also shown that neurons in many regions of the mammalian auditory cortex exhibit characteristic responses to harmonically related frequencies beyond the range of pitch. (primate-cognition.eu)
  • This fMRI study investigated the influence of prior task-irrelevant auditory information on visually-evoked category-selective activations in the ventral occipito-temporal cortex. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • Given the widespread existence of the harmonicity in many aspects of our hearing environment, it is natural to expect that it be reflected in the evolution and development of the auditory systems of both humans and animals, in particular the auditory cortex. (primate-cognition.eu)
  • Taken together, these findings suggest that a fundamental organizational principle of the primate auditory cortex is based on harmonicity. (primate-cognition.eu)
  • About half of the whole auditory cortex lit up in dogs when listening to these noises, compared with 3% of the same area in humans. (bellenews.com)
  • My Comparative Bioacoustics Laboratory investigates acoustic communication in animals. (buffalo.edu)
  • Rodent Bioacoustics (Springer Handbook of Auditory Research), Eds. (buffalo.edu)
  • In addition to emitting copulatory vocalizations during and after copulation (as it is mostly seen in primates), non-primate species also vocalize before engaging in mating. (wikipedia.org)
  • The percentage of vocalizations after copulation varies dependent on the non-human primate species studied. (wikipedia.org)
  • His groundbreaking anatomical system for identifying facial movement in humans has been adapted for an array of animal species, including various primates, dogs, cats, and horses. (paulekman.com)
  • Vocalization plays a significant role in social communication across species such as speech by humans and song by birds. (news-medical.net)
  • Here we identified neural systems associated with perceiving species-specific vocalizations in rhesus macaques using H(2)(15)O positron emission tomography (PET). (nih.gov)
  • Harmonics are produced by a variety of acoustic generators and reflectors in natural environments, including vocal apparatuses of humans and animal species as well as music instruments of many types. (primate-cognition.eu)
  • Insects: Some species of gophers may also eat insects or other small animals, although this is less common than feeding on vegetation. (wiki--travel.com)
  • Research into the underlying neurobiological basis and heritable nature of vocalizations in humans and animals has identified promising genes and neural networks involved in vocal production, auditory processing and social communication. (news-medical.net)
  • Together with his team, neuroscientist Julio C. Hechavarria from the Institute for Cell Biology and Neuroscience at Goethe University investigated brain activity preceding vocalisation in Seba's short-tailed bats. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • Mice gave up color vision, developed exceptional stereoscopic smell, and learned to be deceptively quiet in human auditory range, discretely shifting their social acoustic interaction to higher frequencies. (acoustics.org)
  • Rather than resulting from differences in elementary acoustic properties, this activity seems to reflect higher order auditory processing. (nih.gov)
  • These studies are designed to better understand acoustic communication in animals across the lifespan, and also serve as valuable tools to validate the mouse as a model for studies on aging and the environmental and genetic factors involved in hearing loss. (buffalo.edu)
  • Schrader, L., Hammerschmidt, K., 1997: Computer-aided analysis of acoustic parameters in animal vocalizations: A multi-parametric approach. (cuni.cz)
  • Developmental experience alters information coding in auditory midbrain and forebrain neurons. (berkeley.edu)
  • Female copulatory vocalizations, also called female copulation calls or coital vocalizations, are produced by female primates, including human females, and female non-primates. (wikipedia.org)
  • Copulatory vocalizations usually occur during copulation and are hence related to sexual activity. (wikipedia.org)
  • In humans, coital vocalizations are linked to sexual pleasure or sexual gratification and orgasm, hence occurring during copulation and serving as an expression of sexual pleasure. (wikipedia.org)
  • Vocalizations that are made prior to copulation are named mating calls. (wikipedia.org)
  • In non-human primates, copulatory vocalizations begin towards the end of the copulatory act or even after copulation. (wikipedia.org)
  • These vocalizations evoke distinct patterns of brain activity in homologs of the human perisylvian language areas. (nih.gov)
  • Decoding Auditory Saliency from Brain Activity Patterns during Free Listening to Naturalistic Audio Excerpts. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • Similarly, terrestrial animals may experience altered foraging patterns, increased stress levels, and reduced breeding success due to noise pollution. (lkrlt.org)
  • Our knowledge of how other (nonhuman) animals communicate with the face is currently expanding. (paulekman.com)
  • The principles of auditory object formation by nonhuman animals, Effects of Anthropogenic Noise on Animals, H. Slabbekorn, R.J. Dooling, A.N. Popper, and R.R. Fay (Eds. (buffalo.edu)
  • Male mice produce ultrasonic vocalizations in the presence of females and both sexes sing during friendly social encounters. (news-medical.net)
  • Mice have been genetically well characterized and used extensively for research on autism as well as in other areas, but until now there have been limitations to studying their ultrasonic vocalizations. (news-medical.net)
  • The team of investigators developed and demonstrated a signal-processing tool that provides rapid, automated, unsupervised and time/date stamped analysis of the ultrasonic vocalizations of mice. (news-medical.net)
  • Because there is such a wide variation in the types of ultrasonic vocalizations made by mice, in order to analyze the information researchers have had to develop ways of categorizing and combining sounds they perceived to be similar using manual or semi-automated techniques. (news-medical.net)
  • We conduct psychoacoustic studies of hearing using operant conditioning techniques, we perform preference tests in naïve animals, and we record sonic and ultrasonic vocalizations from our subjects in various contexts. (buffalo.edu)
  • CBA/CaJ mouse ultrasonic vocalizations depend on prior social experience. (buffalo.edu)
  • The effects of aging and sex on detection of ultrasonic vocalizations by adult CBA/CaJ mice (Mus musculus). (buffalo.edu)
  • This is the period in which they are most receptive to learning new vocalizations. (zikawa.com)
  • Tuning for spectro-temporal modulations: a mechanism for auditory discrimination of natural sounds. (berkeley.edu)
  • Attention capture in birds performing an auditory streaming task. (buffalo.edu)
  • Birds have long enchanted us with their melodic songs and captivating vocalizations. (bbcnewsworld.in)
  • In this study, mice sounds were recorded in a laboratory environment at an animal facility at Stony Brook University Hospital. (acoustics.org)
  • The overarching goal of our laboratory is to understand how complex natural sounds, such as human speech, music and animal vocalizations, are detected and recognized by the brain. (berkeley.edu)
  • The shrew was domesticated as a laboratory animal in the United States by Dryden (1968) and in Japan by Kondo and Oda (1977) . (bioone.org)
  • Mechanisms for allocating auditory attention: an auditory saliency map", Curr Biol , vol. 15, 2005, pp. 1943-7. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • 20,000 Hz and hence not discernible by the human ear) to attract females, with the quantity of calls being related to the male's mating success, making these vocalizations a sexually selected trait. (wikipedia.org)
  • While created to study human expression, Dr. Ekman's Facial Action Coding System (FACS) has served an important role in the study of animal emotions and facial expressions. (paulekman.com)
  • Although their coat is one of their most recognizable features, it feels more like human hair than animal fur. (teachingexpertise.com)
  • This tool removes bias by fully automating the processing of vocalizations using signal-processing methods employed in human speech and language analysis,' said Knoll. (news-medical.net)
  • In addition, we possess a tool to communicate ideas that no other animal has developed this much - human language. (spiegeloog.amsterdam)
  • Noam Chomsky once said that 'human language appears to be a unique phenomenon, without significant analogue in the animal world' (Chomsky, 2006, p. 59). (spiegeloog.amsterdam)
  • It is also a unique feature of vocal communication sounds such as human speech and animal vocalizations. (primate-cognition.eu)
  • The scientists played the people and pooches 200 different sounds, ranging from environmental noises, such as car sounds and whistles, to human sounds (but not words) and dog vocalizations. (bellenews.com)
  • The researchers found that a similar region - the temporal pole, which is the most anterior part of the temporal lobe - was activated when both the animals and people heard human voices. (bellenews.com)
  • Though other mythical human/animal chimeras are known - the centaur and minotaur, for example - none are as widespread as those involving dogs. (thewildest.com)
  • This communication is critical to the gentle, marine animals, and biologists are concerned the rising level of human-caused noise pollution in the ocean is becoming harmful. (msstate.edu)
  • Human nonverbal vocalizations [Doctoral Thesis]. (lu.se)
  • In regard to the calling properties, frequency analysis is typically used in research to look at the complexity of the vocalization and to distinguish between calls, which is important in determining their function. (wikipedia.org)
  • In contrast, the parahippocampal gyri combined visual and auditory information additively: activation was greater for visual landmarks than animal faces and landmark-related sounds than animal vocalizations resulting in increased parahippocampal selectivity for congruent audiovisual landmarks. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • Thus, task-irrelevant auditory information influences visual object categorization at two stages. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • In the left inferior frontal sulcus, as indexed by a significant incongruency effect, visual and auditory category information are integrated interactively for response selection. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • Visual communication is another common method of communication for people as well as animals. (msstate.edu)
  • In this case, animals generate seismic waves through drumming or striking a surface, creating a vibration that travels through a substance such as soil, spider webs or plant material. (msstate.edu)
  • The real time detection of mice vocalization required detection of the fast, noise insensitive and automated algorithm. (acoustics.org)
  • A number of generic speech processing measures such temporal signal to noise ratio, cepstral distance, and likelihood ratio were tested for the detection of mice vocalization events in the presence of background noise. (acoustics.org)
  • Effects of non-traumatic noise and conductive hearing loss on auditory system function. (buffalo.edu)
  • Editor's Note: The study of non-auditory effects of everyday environmental noise such as sleep disruptions and annoyance are not traditionally part of audiology. (canadianaudiologist.ca)
  • This paper is an overview of the findings in the literature for the subject area of the non-auditory effects due to lower-level environmental noise. (canadianaudiologist.ca)
  • These animals are found throughout North and Central America, and are known for their burrowing and tunneling abilities. (wiki--travel.com)
  • Overall, gophers are highly adaptable animals that can thrive in a wide range of environments, thanks to their specialized burrowing abilities and herbivorous diet. (wiki--travel.com)
  • According to Allison Knoll, PhD, of CHLA, first co-author on the study, researchers in the field have been aware of and working to interpret the meaning of mouse vocalization by categorizing the sounds using a syllable classification system - with discrete sounds defined as syllables. (news-medical.net)
  • and sounds produced by animals for communication during the mating time and other instances (Bradbury and Vehrencamp 2011). (researchgate.net)
  • Modulation spectra of natural sounds and ethological theories of auditory processing. (berkeley.edu)
  • Rapid Context-based Identification of Target Sounds in an Auditory Scene. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • As they get older and are exposed to more sounds, they begin to incorporate these into their own vocalizations. (zikawa.com)
  • Animal communication tactics are most frequently noted during situations revolving around basic survival needs (e.g., hunting, protecting from predators, mating, etc. (paulekman.com)
  • Recognizing that no animal communication comes close to become a language, the richness and diversity of mice ultrasonic vocalization prompted us to apply speech processing measures for their real time detection. (acoustics.org)
  • Animal communication is a fascinating and complex subject that explores the various ways in which animals convey messages, interact with each other, and express their needs. (bbcnewsworld.in)
  • From the mesmerizing songs of whales to the intricate dance moves of bees, the animal kingdom is filled with remarkable examples of communication that go beyond verbal language. (bbcnewsworld.in)
  • Understanding these diverse forms of communication allows us to gain insights into the intricate lives of animals and appreciate the richness of their interactions. (bbcnewsworld.in)
  • Gorillas, our closest relatives in the animal kingdom, possess a rich and nuanced system of communication, primarily through body language. (bbcnewsworld.in)
  • So today I'd like to share 10 easy animal communication techniques that anyone can do. (nature-mentor.com)
  • While other techniques are designed to help you adjust your own communication so you can send the messages you want to send, and overall be more trustworthy to animals. (nature-mentor.com)
  • The zebra finch, who serves as model organism for vocal learning and communication, cannot process auditory input while singing actively. (mpg.de)
  • Feddersen-Petersen, D., 2000: Vocalization of European wolves (Canis lupus lupus L.) and various dog breeds (Canis lupus f. familiaris) Archiv für Tierzucht/Arch. (cuni.cz)
  • Mice vocalization was detectable at 5 m and retained recognizable vocalization pattern. (acoustics.org)
  • Functional groups in the avian auditory system. (berkeley.edu)
  • Pure-tone (PT) audiometry measures throughout the outer ear, middle ear, cochlea, cranial nerve (CN) VIII, and central auditory system. (medscape.com)
  • Hierarchical temporal structure in music, speech and animal vocalizations: jazz is like a conversation, humpbacks sing like hermit thrushes. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • Keep reading and see how many new animals that start with "Y" you can add to your repertoire! (teachingexpertise.com)
  • Prairie dogs, highly social rodents living in extensive burrow systems, communicate using a diverse repertoire of vocalizations. (bbcnewsworld.in)
  • The study reported that patients with DS had a higher prevalence of mood changes, overactivity, auditory hallucinations, disturbed sleep, and less aggression due to other etiologies. (medscape.com)
  • are generally solitary animals, and adults are territorial, marking their territories with scent markings. (doyletatum.com)
  • More inquisitive guests can join trained naturalists across the lagoon on Bailey's Key to interact with playful dolphins and observe some of the island's indigenous plants and animals along the key's nature trail. (dolphincommunicationproject.org)
  • Some of these techniques are focused on helping you become more sensitive to better observe and interpret what animals are saying. (nature-mentor.com)
  • The mice were allowed to move freely, a major condition for their vocalization in ultrasonic range. (acoustics.org)
  • The spectrograms of mice vocalization at distances of 1 m and 5 m are shown in Figure 2. (acoustics.org)
  • Long term changes to auditory sensitivity following blast trauma in mice. (buffalo.edu)
  • This can only be the case if complex cognition developed independently several times in animals with different brain organizations. (primate-cognition.eu)
  • For the first time, we were able to show how distant brain regions in bats communicate with each other during vocalization. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • Animals communicate with specific body language & vocalizations that convey meaningful information to other nearby animals. (nature-mentor.com)
  • Do animals communicate emotion? (paulekman.com)
  • How do animals use facial expressions to communicate? (paulekman.com)
  • Deer communicate with bleats and grunts, but also make liberal use of non-auditory means, such as scents. (differencebetween.net)
  • Finally, we will discuss how animals are also able to communicate behaviour, resulting in the development of distinct animal cultures. (spiegeloog.amsterdam)
  • In the wild, parrots use vocalization to communicate with each other. (zikawa.com)
  • Would you like to communicate with animals? (nature-mentor.com)
  • By studying how animals communicate, we can interpret when animals are frightened or defensive in order to be more sensitive to their needs. (nature-mentor.com)
  • The first thing you always need to communicate when it comes to animals is that you are respectful and attentive . (nature-mentor.com)
  • In order to communicate respect towards an animal, you have to first become aware of how they act when not under pressure. (nature-mentor.com)
  • Initially, all animals were housed in groups of up to five in solid floor polypropylene cages with stainless steel mesh lids and softwood flake bedding (Datesand Ltd., Cheshire, UK). (europa.eu)
  • During the pairing phase, animals were transferred to polypropylene grid floor cages suspended over trays lined with absorbent paper on a one male: one female basis within each dose group. (europa.eu)
  • Initially, all animals were housed in groups of three in solid floor polypropylene cages with stainless steel mesh lids and softwood flake bedding (Datesand Ltd., Cheshire, UK). (europa.eu)
  • For the past 20 years, Wang has been studying the hearing and vocalizations of marmosets, which are small monkeys native to South America that are known to be highly vocal and social. (hearingreview.com)
  • Animals are extremely sensitive to social blunders that most humans just don't even notice. (nature-mentor.com)
  • Concha-Miranda M, Tang W, Hartmann K, Brecht M (2022) Large-scale mapping of vocalization-related activity in the functionally diverse nuclei in rat posterior brainstem. (activetouch.de)
  • Animal Behaviour, 39,897-904. (cuni.cz)
  • Classification of dog barks, by pre-adolescents and adults, Applied Animal Behaviour Science 135, 95- 102. (cuni.cz)
  • Vocalizations can be used intentionally by women in order to boost the self-esteem of their partner and to cause quicker ejaculation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Not only females make use of this, as male Columbian ground squirrels have been observed to use copulatory vocalizations in order to announce their post-copulatory mate guarding to others. (wikipedia.org)
  • A total of eighty animals (forty males and forty females) were accepted into the study. (europa.eu)
  • The animals were acclimatised for seven days during which time their health status was assessed. (europa.eu)
  • Animals will see your respect, and over time they will feel a lot more comfortable with you. (nature-mentor.com)
  • This study was carried out as an extended OECD 422 study in which 12 animals per sex per group were exposed 10 weeks (instead of 2 weeks) prior to mating so that male fertility could be examined. (europa.eu)
  • On the first 2 days of the study, animals of the low- and mid-dose groups were treated with test formulations without the addition of sodium carbonate. (europa.eu)