• The researchers found a way to get individual molecules and atoms to change their phase. (newstarget.com)
  • Lead researcher Thomas Jung explained how they took advantage of the ability of certain materials to self-organize their atoms and molecules. (newstarget.com)
  • However, the experiment with xenon proved it is possible to create a data storage device using molecules or even atoms . (newstarget.com)
  • In the atom-phonon coupling model the molecules are considered as two-level systems, or two-level atoms, and it is assumed that the elastic force constant value of the spring which links two atoms first neighbours is depending on the electronic states of both atoms. (epj.org)
  • Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. (jove.com)
  • Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. (jove.com)
  • Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. (jove.com)
  • Scientists at Atomic Physics are pursuing research on the properties of atoms and molecules, mainly using advanced laser techniques. (lu.se)
  • By comparison, 2D monolayer materials are composed of a single layer of atoms or molecules whose thickness is 100,000 times smaller than a human hair. (materialstoday.com)
  • Condensed matter physics delves into the microscopic world, exploring how atoms and molecules come together to form matter. (freescience.info)
  • This concept is akin to observing a flock of birds flying in perfect synchronization or seeing water molecules form intricate ice crystals during different phases. (freescience.info)
  • Glassy materials are those in which the diffusive motion of atoms and molecules becomes very slow, when the temperature is reduced. (cam.ac.uk)
  • McClean and Drevniok have mounted the tip used for STM onto a sharp tuning fork to create what they call a qPlus sensor that allows for the chance to "feel" the presence of molecules on the surface and to differentiate molecules from the similar-looking missing silicon atoms . (phys.org)
  • It deals with the fundamental constituents of matter and their interactions as well as the nature of atoms and the build-up of molecules and condensed matter. (nobelprize.org)
  • The addition of still more energy leads to a regime, where the thermal energy of the atoms or molecules forming the gas is so large, that the electrostatic forces which ordinarily bind the electrons to the atomic nucleus are overcome. (gsi.de)
  • A crystal is a solid material whose constituent atoms, molecules, or ions are arranged in an orderly repeating pattern extending in all three spatial dimensions. (absoluteastronomy.com)
  • Quantum optics describes how individual quanta of light, the photons, interact with atoms, molecules and larger pieces of matter. (lu.se)
  • Research in this area sets focus on the theory of quantum-optically confined systems of ultra-cold atoms and molecules and related nanostructures. (lu.se)
  • This flexibility opens for intriguing applications of ultra-cold atomic quantum gases, ranging from quantum metrology to "ultra-cold chemistry" with dipolar atoms or molecules or quantum information processing. (lu.se)
  • Nevertheless, and despite the diluteness of the gas, the interactions between the atoms (or molecules) may play an important role. (lu.se)
  • Atoms and molecules excited with short intense laser pulses are ionized by single or multiphoton processes. (lu.se)
  • Through spectroscopic analysis, the researchers determined that the injection of electrons changed the arrangement of atoms in molybdenum ditelluride from a hexagonal shape to one that is monoclinic, meaning more of a slanted cuboid shape. (materialstoday.com)
  • Crystallography is the experimental science of the arrangement of atoms in solids. (absoluteastronomy.com)
  • This has prompted researchers in recent years to model such systems, using artificial crystals of light filled with gases of ultracold atoms, in order to mimic the electrons and investigate the collective behaviour in an exceptionally clean environment. (mpg.de)
  • A relatively recent approach to understand complex materials is to simulate those systems by mimicking the crystalline structure and the electrons by means of laser fields and ultracold gases of atoms, and to then replicate the electrons' interactions by similar interactions between the atoms. (mpg.de)
  • For the first time, scientists in the group of Professor Immanuel Bloch (Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich and Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching) in collaboration with theoretical physicist Dr. Belén Paredes from the Institute for Theoretical Physics (IFT) in Madrid have succeeded in measuring an analogue of the Meissner effect in an optical crystal with ultracold atoms. (mpg.de)
  • However, this kind of phenomenon had never been observed with ultracold atoms in optical crystals", explains Marcos Atala, a scientist in the team of Professor Bloch. (mpg.de)
  • Our research is focused on ultracold gases in optical lattices, hybrid quantum simulators such as ion-atom systems, and strongly correlated electrons, e.g. in nanostructures. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • The high degree of control offered by ultracold atom experiments sets them as an ideal platform for the investigation of phase transitions and critical phenomena. (europa.eu)
  • The atoms can be induced to change their physical state from solid to liquid and back via two means: Adjusting the temperature and applying brief jolts of electricity. (newstarget.com)
  • By changing the temperature, all of the holes in the network would simultaneously undergo phase changes. (newstarget.com)
  • The stability of the clusters of xenon atoms determined the temperature at which they would transition between phases. (newstarget.com)
  • In physics, topological order is a kind of order in the zero-temperature phase of matter (also known as quantum matter). (wikipedia.org)
  • When a superconductor is cooled down below its critical temperature, which is typically on the order of a few tens of Kelvin, it undergoes a phase transition to a superconducting state. (mpg.de)
  • As helium is reduced in temperature toward almost absolute zero, a strange phase transition occurs, and the helium takes on the form of a superfluid. (todayinsci.com)
  • As the temperature of the system increases, more number of hydrogen atoms may fuse with more number of Nickel atoms liberating more heat energy. (journal-of-nuclear-physics.com)
  • Low temperature matter exhibits a spectacular variety of highly ordered states that occur through phase transitions. (europa.eu)
  • CRITISUP2 aims at exploring criticality in superfluid spin ½ Fermi gases where the interplay between temperature spin polarization and interactions is at the origin of a rich phase diagram and a variety of phase transitions. (europa.eu)
  • We explain how the occurrence of a lattice deformation could place the Fermi level in an optimum situation of high DOS, leading to a high critical temperature for the superconducting phase. (hindawi.com)
  • We postulate that atoms percolate in the liquid phase and that the percolating cluster becomes rigid at the glass transition temperature. (caltech.edu)
  • Fermionic atoms confined in a potential created by standing wave light can undergo a phase transition to a superfluid state at a dramatically increased transition temperature. (harvard.edu)
  • The structure of RbTiOAsO 4 (RTA) obtained from X-ray diffraction data at 9.6 K shows that there is no phase transition down to this temperature. (iucr.org)
  • The significant shifts of the Rb atoms from their room-temperature positions, and dipole-like electron density deformations near the Ti atoms along the polar c axis, indicate that these atoms contribute to the spontaneous polarization of RTA. (iucr.org)
  • Phase transitions are something we often encounter in everyday life when we watch the change of the state of matter, for example the freezing of water at the critical temperature of 0 degrees Celsius. (ist.ac.at)
  • During a phase transition, the continuous tuning of an external parameter, for example temperature, leads to a transition between two robust steady states with different attributes. (ist.ac.at)
  • The heat capacity and phase transitions of 2-methyltetrahydrofuran in the temperature range from 7 to 350 K were measured using adiabatic calorimetry. (researchgate.net)
  • From the data, accurate water/surfactant compositions vs. temperature phase diagrams are obtained. (lu.se)
  • This year's Nobel Prize in Physics has been awarded to three physicists, "for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter. (ieee.org)
  • These fields are realized in defect-free arrays of bosonic atoms in an optical superlattice of 71 sites. (harvard.edu)
  • When brought to sufficiently low temperatures, a dilute gas of bosonic atoms may undergo a phase transition to a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), bringing microscopic quantum effects onto a macroscopic scale. (lu.se)
  • In that case one considers that the (SC) takes place through a first-order phase transition due to intermolecular interactions. (epj.org)
  • In the particular case where interactions between co-existing classes of mobile and localized atoms involve the spin, many questions remain despite initial theoretical breakthroughs by Anderson and Kondo in the early 1960's. (mpg.de)
  • We demonstrate full tunability of the model parameters and benchmark the matter-gauge interactions by sweeping across a quantum phase transition. (harvard.edu)
  • However, if the atoms dominantly couple to a single cavity light mode, as is usually the case, the photon-mediated interatomic interactions are long-ranged, limiting the phenomena that can be explored. (aps.org)
  • Such tunable-range interactions could be used to study collective quantum phenomena and phase transitions that are currently beyond the reach of other atomic systems and other cavity QED systems. (aps.org)
  • This self-organization transition takes place when the increased kinetic energy of the gas due to a nonuniform density can be compensated by a reduction in the strength of the interatomic interactions mediated by the cavity, which is proportional to the pump power. (aps.org)
  • In such "single-mode" cavities, the dominant photon-mediated interactions encompass all of the atoms confined in the volume of the cavity mode, and their strength is modulated with the spatial profile of the quasiresonant mode. (aps.org)
  • There is a high degree of experimental control - down to single-atom precision - and one can change basic system parameters, such as the trap geometry, the coupling strength, and even the form of the interactions between the particles. (lu.se)
  • Adopting the hypothesis about the exact cancellation of vacuum condensates contributions to the ground state energy in particle physics to the leading order in graviton-mediated interactions, we argue that the observable cosmological constant can be dynamically induced by an uncompen- sated quantum gravity correction to them after the QCD phase transition epoch. (lu.se)
  • We mostly used molecular mechanics (MM) in order to model the protein-ligand interactions, which is more approximate than quantum-mechanical (QM) methods, but necessary to reduce the computational cost when doing calculations on protein-ligand systems, which often contain tens of thousand of atoms. (lu.se)
  • According to condensed matter physics and the principle of emergence, the different properties of materials generally arise from the different ways in which the atoms are organized in the materials. (wikipedia.org)
  • The resulting periodic structure of light resembles the geometry of simple solid state crystals where the atoms play the role of the electrons, making it an ideal model system to simulate condensed matter physics. (mpg.de)
  • Landau theory is a cornerstone in condensed matter physics, providing insights into phase transitions. (freescience.info)
  • From investigating cold atoms to Einstein condensates, condensed matter physicists explore the fascinating realm of quantum field theory and superconducting solids. (freescience.info)
  • Research at Mathematical Physics in this area concerns novel types of few- and many-body quantum systems with cold atoms at the crossover between microscopic and "thermodynamic" behavior, studying precursors of phase transitions and hitherto unknown states of quantum matter in finite quantum systems. (lu.se)
  • It points out that different orders really correspond to different symmetries in the organizations of the constituent atoms. (wikipedia.org)
  • We are interested in various classes of materials: thin film materials that have tunable electronic and photonic states, solids that show strong electron phonon coupling, and materials showing metal insulator phase transitions. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. (jove.com)
  • Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. (jove.com)
  • This is the time scale on which molecular dynamics, chemical reactions and phase transitions in solids occur. (lu.se)
  • This is combined with the well know Rydberg atom tagging (RAT) method, which can read the final translational energy of the H-atom after collision with the surface with a similar energy precision and accuracy. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • The detector used in the Rydberg atom tagging is rotatable around two rotation axes, allowing us to readily investigate in-plane and out-of-plane scattering. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • The Rydberg dressing technique is essential in realizing a supersolid phase, and the fellow successfully demonstrates this experimental scheme in many-body systems. (europa.eu)
  • Still, the experimental works provide a stepping stone to realize long-range interacting many-body system with Rydberg atoms. (europa.eu)
  • June 2015: Search for Rydberg 33P state and investigate atom loss. (europa.eu)
  • July 2015: Search for Rydberg 31P state and investigate atom loss. (europa.eu)
  • September 2016: Change the beam size of dressing laser and search for Rydberg 31P state transition line. (europa.eu)
  • We describe a method for controlling many-body states in extended ensembles of Rydberg atoms, forming crystalline structures during laser excitation of a frozen atomic gas. (harvard.edu)
  • One particular strong research area is concerned with the ultrafast dynamics of spins, electrons, orbitals and their carriers, the atoms. (psi.ch)
  • We show, for the first time, that it is possible to inject electrons to drive structural phase changes in materials,' said study principal investigator Xiang Zhang, senior faculty scientist at Berkeley Lab's Materials Sciences Division and a professor at the University of California, Berkeley. (materialstoday.com)
  • Once the electrons were removed, the crystal structure returned to its original hexagonal pattern, showing that the phase transition is reversible. (materialstoday.com)
  • The atom is a basic unit of matter that consists of a dense central nucleus surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons. (absoluteastronomy.com)
  • An ion is an atom or molecule in which the total number of electrons is not equal to the total number of protons, giving it a net positive or negative electrical charge. (absoluteastronomy.com)
  • Each state of the catalyst exhibits distinct selectivity for the dehydrogenation of ethanol reaction with the single-atom alloy phase exhibiting high selectivity to acetaldehyde and hydrogen versus a range of products from Pd clusters. (nature.com)
  • During Ni-H collisions, proton (of the hydrogen atom) combines with the Nickel nucleus and electron (of the hydrogen atom) combines with the Nickel electronic shell and forms Copper with no emission of alpha or beta or gamma rays. (journal-of-nuclear-physics.com)
  • or mole number of such Ni-H atomic fusions, as hydrogen atom is losing its identity, binding energy of electron is converted into heat energy of ~1.3×106 joules. (journal-of-nuclear-physics.com)
  • Of all the atoms of the periodic table, of course Hydrogen atom is the simplest. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • H-atom scattering from graphene is an ideal model system in this context. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • These atom-thin sheets-including the famed super material graphene-feature exceptional and untapped mechanical and electronic properties. (bnl.gov)
  • In graphene, boron nitride, and graphane the backbone distorts towards isolated six-atom rings, while molybdenum disulfide undergoes a distinct distortion towards trigonal pyramidal coordination. (bnl.gov)
  • The team virtually examined this exotic phase transition in graphene, boron nitride, molybdenum disulfide, and graphane-all promising monolayer materials. (bnl.gov)
  • The most well-known 2D-material is the single layer of carbon-atoms called graphene. (lu.se)
  • Matter, however, can and does undergo chemical changes, which (as with the various states or phases of matter) are an outcome of activity at the atomic and molecular level. (encyclopedia.com)
  • upon heating, they undergo one or several phase transitions into less ordered. (absoluteastronomy.com)
  • His particular interest is the study of mechanisms of switching domains and its fundamental speed limits, understanding novel emergent states in equilibrium and in the time domain (excited state) and how ultrafast structural electronic and magnetic phase transitions can occur. (psi.ch)
  • Phase transitions occur when a material undergoes a change in its physical state, such as from solid to liquid or from magnetic to non-magnetic. (freescience.info)
  • However, phase transitions also occur at the quantum mechanical level, where they are - in spite of their importance for various fields of physics - relatively unexplored. (ist.ac.at)
  • But if the photon flux increases to a critical level, a quantum phase transition has been predicted to occur: The photon blockade breaks down, and the state of the system changes from opaque to transparent. (ist.ac.at)
  • Matter composed of atoms can have different properties and appear in different forms, such as solid, liquid, superfluid, etc. (wikipedia.org)
  • But as a superfluid, the atoms then move in a co-ordinated manner! (todayinsci.com)
  • Around the critical point of the phase transition between superfluid-to-Mott insulator, the correlation length gets divergent. (ustc.edu.cn)
  • In close collaboration between theory and experiment, we found a few-body precursor of a quantum phase transition from a normal to a superfluid phase, signaled by the softening of a mode analogous to the Higgs mechanism in particle physics. (lu.se)
  • In these systems, when the pump frequency is far detuned from atomic transitions in the gas and the pump power reaches a certain threshold, the atoms self-organize spontaneously into one of two possible checkerboard patterns while simultaneously "superradiating" light into the cavity. (aps.org)
  • As a material changes from one order to another order (i.e., as the material undergoes a phase transition), what happens is that the symmetry of the organization of the atoms changes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Therefore plasma is viewed as the fourth state of matter, following the idea that as heat is added to a solid, it undergoes a phase transition to a liquid. (gsi.de)
  • Symmetry functions were used to describe atomic configurations, including radial and angular distributions of atoms. (nature.com)
  • Selection of the target cold fusion atom seems to follow the condition: selected stable atom's Z+1 is a new stable element with odd atomic number. (journal-of-nuclear-physics.com)
  • This simplicity reveals itself in the fact that - as long as the atom does not change its electronic state - the collision with the surface only exchanges atomic translational energy with phononic and electronic degrees of freedom of the surface. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • When two or more atoms come together to form a molecule, their atomic orbitals combine and molecular orbitals of distinct energies result. (jove.com)
  • Together they represent a potential energy surface from which the mechanical forces on the atoms and the precession dynamics of the atomic spins are computed. (sandia.gov)
  • In contrast with existing, femtosecond laser probes, X-rays have a wavelength approximately equal to the distances between atoms, and hence enable atomic movements to be visualised directly. (lu.se)
  • Tunable few-fermion systems in atomic traps have been realized experimentally with single-atom control (see eg. (lu.se)
  • The essence of the difference between liquids and crystals is therefore that the organizations of atoms have different symmetries in the two phases. (wikipedia.org)
  • X-ray diffraction measurements of excited colloidal crystals may then lead towards a better understanding of matter phase transitions under extreme irradiation conditions. (lu.se)
  • The phase transition between a liquid and a crystal is a transition that reduces the continuous translation symmetry of the liquid to the discrete symmetry of the crystal. (wikipedia.org)
  • Previous achievements implemented density-dependent Peierls phases without defining a local symmetry 7,8 , realized mappings onto effective models to integrate out either matter or electric fields 9-12 , or were limited to very small systems 13-16 . (harvard.edu)
  • Landau theory describes these transitions by considering the order parameter, which characterizes the change in symmetry at different phases. (freescience.info)
  • The two atoms exiting the collision have swapped their spins after interacting. (mpg.de)
  • Two of the scientists uncovered why the spins of atoms inside particular kinds of magnets form messy patterns at low temperatures. (ieee.org)
  • They used the concept of vortices - pockets of atoms inside magnets whose spins are oriented in a way that makes the pocket resemble the eye of a hurricane-to explain the effect. (ieee.org)
  • These vortices change the spins of nearby atoms. (ieee.org)
  • When atoms interact things can get interesting. (tum.de)
  • Researchers at the Ludwig-Maximilians-University in Munich and at the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics led by Simon Fölling and Immanuel Bloch have now succeeded in showing that certain atoms can interact by exchanging their spin even between two different "electron orbital" states, and that they do so in a highly unusual, maximally symmetric fashion (Nature Physics, Advance Online Publication, 31 August 2014 ). (mpg.de)
  • For this, the scientists allowed atoms in several possible combinations of spin orientations to interact in a pair-wise fashion, and then analyzed the result of the interaction and the amount of energy associated with it. (mpg.de)
  • Those different organizations of the atoms (or other particles) are formally called the orders in the materials. (wikipedia.org)
  • Matter is physical substance that occupies space, has mass, is composed of atoms - or, in the case of subatomic particles, is part of an atom - and is convertible to energy. (encyclopedia.com)
  • They discovered that straining the materials induced a novel phase transition-a restructuring in their near-perfect crystalline structures that leads to instability and failure. (bnl.gov)
  • It has two different structures that depend on how many oxygen atoms per unit cell it contains, and these two structures have quite different properties," Lu explains. (mit.edu)
  • The potential energy surface scans were performed to trace the energy changes and the presence of transition state structures during ring conversion and rotation of the CH2Cl group. (researchgate.net)
  • Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Protein coordinates and the point charges on all the atoms in the MM region (in PDB format) and the equilibrium geometries of the quantum region for all of the studied structures. (lu.se)
  • For a long time, physicists believed that Landau Theory described all possible orders in materials, and all possible (continuous) phase transitions. (wikipedia.org)
  • In their experiment, Francesco Scazza and co-workers prepared an extremely cold ensemble of fermionic ytterbium ordered in an array of isolated atom pairs, trapped in a crystal of light created by the interference of counter-propagating laser beams. (mpg.de)
  • In the experiment the strength of the current was measured, which indicated a transition from the vortex to the Meissner phase. (mpg.de)
  • In the experiment, a beam of neutral silver atoms was directed through a set of aligned slits, then through a nonuniform (nonhomogeneous) magnetic field. (todayinsci.com)
  • As a consequence the investigated sample undergoes a number of phase transitions during the experiment. (gsi.de)
  • For instance, the van der Waals interaction between atoms in free space-variants of which play a fundamental role in many physical, chemical, and biological processes-is mediated by photons of the electromagnetic vacuum between the atoms. (aps.org)
  • Herein we describe theoretical calculations which predict that carbon monoxide can be used to stabilize different active site geometries in bimetallic alloys and then demonstrate experimentally that the same PdAu bimetallic catalyst can be transitioned between a single-atom alloy and a Pd cluster phase. (nature.com)
  • We work in close collaboration with colleagues from theoretical chemistry who in parallel develope a theoretical model to describe H-atom interaction with metal surfaces. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • Citation: For insightful contributions to the theoretical understanding of the equilibrium and non-equilibrium phases of many-atom and many-electron systems, including many-body localization and phase transitions in non-equilibrium systems. (aps.org)
  • A broad area of the phase diagram below the the shock adiabates including the critical point region, states of expanded hot liquid and strongly coupled plasma as well as warm dense matter region is still unexplored experimentally. (gsi.de)
  • This specific phase transition has now been experimentally observed by researchers who, for the first time, managed to meet the very specific conditions that are necessary to fully study this effect. (ist.ac.at)
  • This schematic shows the configuration for structural phase transition on a monolayer of molybdenum ditelluride (shown as yellow and blue spheres), which is anchored by metal electrodes (top gate and ground). (materialstoday.com)
  • One example of a phase transition at the quantum level is the photon-blockade breakdown, which was only discovered two years ago. (ist.ac.at)
  • We have designed a ground breaking new experimental apparatus where H-atoms are produced by photodissociation (HI + hν → H + I) of a diatomic molecule pre-cooled in a molecular beam expansion. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • After finding suitable parameter window that shows enough lifetime, experimental efforts towards the supersolid phase will be continued. (europa.eu)
  • January 2015 - April 2015: Preparing experimental setup to demonstrate many-body localized phase. (europa.eu)
  • A group of scientists led by Johannes Fink from the Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria) reported the first experimental observation of a first-order phase transition in a dissipative quantum system. (ist.ac.at)
  • In this study we calculate the partition function of a linear chain of N atoms ( N ≤ 16) and we describe the role of phonons and that of the parameter Δ which corresponds to the distance in energy between both levels. (epj.org)
  • We introduce for the chain a free-energy function defined by the set ( F HS , F LS , F barr ) and we show that F atph tends towards the previous set when N → ∞. The previous set allows to describe a first order phase transition between a (LS) phase and a (HS) one. (epj.org)
  • In the absence of disorder, we determine the phase diagram and identify a new phase characterized by edge states with alternating chirality in adjacent gaps. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • We will also study the phase diagram and critical counterflow of dual Bose-Fermi superfluids which have emerged as a new paradigm of quantum matter. (europa.eu)
  • This diagram shows how an electrical voltage can be used to modify the oxygen concentration, and therefore the phase and structure, of strontium cobaltites. (mit.edu)
  • Phase diagram and Thermodynamics of Surfactants at low Water Contents. (lu.se)
  • This field of study seeks to unravel the secrets behind fascinating phenomena like magnetism, superconductivity , phase transitions, and Einstein condensate. (freescience.info)
  • in each case (middle panel) is determined through a simple relationship between the interaction strength and the threshold pump power at which the condensate undergoes a self-organization phase transition. (aps.org)
  • In quantum systems, phase transitions and associated critical phenomena constitute a central issue of modern physics. (europa.eu)
  • We work on novel quantum systems at the crossover between the few- and many-body limit, studying precursors of phase transitions and hitherto unknown states of quantum matter, such as self-bound bosonic quantum droplets or dipolar supersolidity. (lu.se)
  • Strontium cobaltites are just one example of a class of materials known as transition metal oxides, which is considered promising for a variety of applications including electrodes in fuel cells, membranes that allow oxygen to pass through for gas separation, and electronic devices such as memristors - a form of nonvolatile, ultrafast, and energy-efficient memory device. (mit.edu)
  • In that setup, applying a voltage drives oxygen atoms into the material. (mit.edu)
  • Oxygen atoms in the crystal appear to be key to its behaviour. (materialstoday.com)
  • The many-body localization (MBL) is a new quantum phase in non-equilibrium state, where initial state memory persists for infinitely long time. (europa.eu)
  • Summary: We successfully show the possible existence of many-body localization and its phase transition in two dimensions. (europa.eu)
  • However, there are many other both single atom and compound varieties. (lu.se)
  • They have fascinating and unexpected properties, such as dimension-dependent liquefaction, the formation of filament-like states, and collective excitations above the threshold for single-atom emission. (lu.se)
  • However, the atoms in the optical crystal are electrically neutral and they do not feel that force. (mpg.de)
  • A molecule is an electrically neutral group of at least two atoms held together by covalent chemical bonds. (absoluteastronomy.com)
  • These various forms of matter are often called states of matter or phases. (wikipedia.org)
  • A journey of discovery to understanding our world at the subatomic scale, from the nuclei inside atoms down to the most elementary building blocks of matter. (tum.de)
  • The changes between different states or phases of matter, as they are discussed below, are physical changes. (encyclopedia.com)
  • Quantum phase transitions (QPTs) involve transformations between different states of matter that are driven by quantum fluctuations. (harvard.edu)
  • In the environment that we are used to, matter occurs predominantly in the solid, liquid or gaseous phase. (gsi.de)
  • Many properties of various physical systems, their energies and forces acting on atoms may be studied using parametrized explicit functions, called force fields or interatomic potentials. (nature.com)
  • Examples : structural properties, phase transitions, electronic band structure and electronic charge density plots in real systems, comparison to experiments. (ens.fr)
  • When such cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) systems contain many atoms, they can be used to explore collective quantum phenomena. (aps.org)
  • Yuan, Z. -S. Geometrical characterization of reduced density matrices reveals quantum phase transitions in many-body systems. (ustc.edu.cn)
  • In their experiments, an extremely cold gas of Rubidium atoms was loaded into an optical lattice: a periodic structure of bright and dark areas, created by the interference of counter-propagating laser beams. (mpg.de)
  • Realistic/accurate calculations with DFT in atoms. (ens.fr)
  • The combined potential energy surface yields excellent agreement with first-principles magneto-elastic calculations and quantitative predictions of diverse materials properties including bulk modulus, magnetization, and specific heat across the ferromagnetic-paramagnetic phase transition. (sandia.gov)
  • Interestingly, while this interaction is weak and decays with interatomic separation when the atoms are in free space, its strength and range can be modified when the atoms are placed between the mirrors of an optical cavity. (aps.org)
  • Their setup consisted of a microchip with a superconducting microwave resonator acting as the cavity and a few superconducting qubits acting as the atoms. (ist.ac.at)
  • This allows us to control the translational energy of H-atoms between, E i = 0.5 and 7 eV, and to produce H-atoms with extremely narrow initial translational energy distributions, ⏝ i (uni-goettingen.de)
  • Electronic components capable of this phase transition have been shrunk down to paper-thin sizes, but they are still considered to be bulk, three-dimensional (3D) layers by scientists. (materialstoday.com)
  • This depended on the number of atoms present in each cluster. (newstarget.com)
  • Also, Pd nanoparticles (NPs) are needed for the methane oxidation reaction, and the decomposition of the NPs into single Pd atoms at high temperatures leads to a drop in reactivity 18 . (nature.com)
  • For some other reactions, clusters of the catalytically active metal atom are needed to activate chemical bonds and obtain the desired products. (nature.com)
  • We demonstrate the efficacy of our data-driven framework across magneto-structural phase transitions by generating a magneto-elastic ML-IAP for α-iron. (sandia.gov)
  • Atom beams scattering from surfaces is, in principle, one of the simplest phenomenon one can study in the field of Dynamics at Surfaces. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • The experimentalists overcome this difficulty by implementing a special laser configuration that simulates the effect of a magnetic field: they used a pair of lasers that give a momentum kick to the atoms when they move from the left to the right leg of the ladder, and give a kick in the opposite direction when they move from the right to the left leg. (mpg.de)
  • German physicist noted especially for his work with Otto Stern on the deflections of atoms in a nonhomogeneous magnetic field. (todayinsci.com)
  • Especially, we have studied the localized phase in two dimensions, where it is impossible to study with the current state-of-art numerical techniques. (europa.eu)
  • First-order phase transitions are characterized by a coexistence of the two stable phases when the control parameter is within a certain range close to the critical value. (ist.ac.at)
  • When the open-shell H-atom, the simplest example of a free-radical, collides with an unsaturated molecule it is possible that electronic re-hybridization occurs and a transient chemical bond will form. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • It is for this reason that H-atom surface scattering - the simplest of the simplest - is particularly attractive to make detailed comparisons between high level experiments and first principles theories. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • This reveals several dynamical phase transitions. (cam.ac.uk)
  • This PtCu/SiO 2 SAA is also highly selective for the hydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene to butene 15 and acetylene to ethylene 14 via a mechanism in which H 2 dissociates at isolated Pt atom sites and the H atoms spill over to Cu, where the selective hydrogenation occurs. (nature.com)
  • If more heat is added the phase transition to a gas occurs. (gsi.de)