• 15-HETE, as the initial 15-LOX metabolite of AA, was first identified in human atherosclerotic plaque using high-performance liquid chromatography [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase, also known as ALOX5, 5-lipoxygenase, 5-LOX, or 5-LO, is a non-heme iron-containing enzyme (EC 1.13.11.34) that in humans is encoded by the ALOX5 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase is a member of the lipoxygenase family of enzymes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Changes in dietary fatty acids, specifically the polyunsaturated fatty acids of the ω-3 and ω-6 families and some derived eicosanoids from lipoxygenases, cyclooxygenases, and cytochrome P-450, seem to control the activity of transcription factor families involved in cancer cell proliferation or cell death. (springer.com)
  • Atherosclerosis is a chronic vascular inflammatory disease associated to oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. (hindawi.com)
  • Therefore, with the aim to summarize the current knowledge on the initiation of the atherosclerotic process, in this paper, we review the early markers of atherosclerosis and we address the main therapeutic targets for preventing atheroma formation at its very initial stages focusing on inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and the interaction between platelets and endothelium. (hindawi.com)
  • This polyphenolic compound is known to be a strong anti-oxidant which scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) directly or effectively inhibits ROS-generating enzymes ( e.g. xanthine oxidase, lipoxygenase). (rsc.org)
  • 14,15 Conversely, its pro-oxidant activity may enhance cellular defence against oxidants by stimulating the redox-regulated signal transduction pathway which leads to the gene expression of anti-oxidative enzymes such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). (rsc.org)
  • Atherosclerosis starts with dysfunctional changes in the endothelium induced by disturbed shear stress which can lead to endothelial and platelet activation, adhesion of monocytes on the activated endothelium, and differentiation into proinflammatory macrophages, which increase the uptake of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and turn into foam cells, exacerbating the inflammatory signalling. (hindawi.com)
  • In macrophages, 15-LOX-1 converts AA to 15-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acids (15-HpETEs), which is soon reduced by peroxidase to 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (15-HETEs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • In ex vivo study, exposure of arteries from C57 mice and ApoE−/−mice to 15-oxo-ETE led to significantly increased E-selectin expression and monocyte adhesion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is also the primary monohydroxy acid synthesized by the lipoxygenase activity of Cyclooxygenase-1 upon linoleic acid. (enzolifesciences.com)
  • 15-oxo-5,8,11,13-(Z,Z,Z,E)-eicosatetraenoic acid (15-oxo-ETE) was formed from 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH)-mediated oxidation of 15(S)-HETE. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 2-Hydroxytetracosanoic acid ( cerebronic acid ) and 2-hydroxy-15-tetracosenoic acid ( hydroxynervonic acid ) are constituents of the ceramide part of cerebrosides (glycosphingolipides found mainly in nervous tissue and in little amount in plants). (gerli.com)
  • A review of fatty acid 2-hydroxylation in sphingolipid biology in connection with the nervous system and various cell types may be consulted ( Hama H , Biochim Biophys Acta 2010, 1801, 405 ). (gerli.com)
  • Inflammation and immunity are key factors for the development and complications of atherosclerosis, and therefore, the whole atherosclerotic process is a target for diagnosis and treatment. (hindawi.com)
  • Monocyte recruitment is the initial incident in atherosclerotic plaque formation, the present study was designed to explore the likely effect of 15-oxo-ETE on monocyte recruitment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is one of the key factors for the development of atherosclerosis. (hindawi.com)
  • Oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is crucial in the development of atherosclerosis, and low LDL levels reduce the risk of major events in patients with CVD [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • 12,13 However, its catechol structure ( o -dihydroxyl structure in the B-ring) leads to pro-oxidant properties by generating ROS during its oxidation process, which may result in quinone toxicity. (rsc.org)
  • After 15-oxo-ETE treatment, Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) showed more attractive to monocytes, whereas monocyte adhesion is suppressed when treated with PKC inhibitor. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Endothelial dysfunction, as a comprehensive index of the overall CVD risk factor burden includes three main consequences, exposure of adhesion molecules, the activation and aggregation of platelets, cholesterol accumulation [ 20 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, relatively little is known about the biological effects of 15-oxo-ETE in cardiovascular disease. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The ALOX5 gene, which occupies 71.9 kilobase pairs (kb) on chromosome 10 (all other human lipoxygenases are clustered together on chromosome 17), is composed of 14 exons divided by 13 introns encoding the mature 78 kilodalton (kD) ALOX5 protein consisting of 673 amino acids. (wikipedia.org)
  • Two types of 15-LOX have been identified in human, including 15-LOX-1 (encoded by ALOX15 gene) and 15-LOX-2(encoded by ALOX15B gene) [ 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This is the first report that 15-oxo-ETE promotes early pathological process of atherosclerosis by accelerating E-selectin expression and monocyte adhesion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 15-oxo-ETE -induced monocyte adhesion is partly attributable to activation of PKC. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For the quantitative determination of 15(S)-HETE in culture supernatants, plasma, serum, and urine from any species. (enzolifesciences.com)
  • The 15(S)-HETE EIA kit is a colorimetric competitive enzyme immunoassay kit with results overnight + 1 hour. (enzolifesciences.com)
  • 15(S)-HETE acts as a paracrine regulator of smooth muscle and lung neutrophil recruitment, and elevated levels of 15(S)-HETE are associated with asthma, rhinitis, chronic paranasal sinusitis and rheumatoid arthritis. (enzolifesciences.com)
  • Platelets, T cells, and erythrocytes are ALOX5-negative. (wikipedia.org)
  • Increased 15-oxo-ETE level is found in in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). (biomedcentral.com)
  • a -Hydroxy acids or 2-hydroxy acids are found in plants (chain from 12 up to 24 carbon atoms) and in animal wool waxes, skin lipids and specialized tissues, mainly in brain. (gerli.com)
  • Inflammation, a biological response of body tissues to harmful stimuli, is also known to be involved in a host of diseases, such as obesity, atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and even cancer. (mdpi.com)