1975MoroccanReferendumLiberation movementSovereigntyMauritaniaKingdom of MoroAmnesty InternationalSahara'sConsidersNorth AfricaCybersecurityProtestsOccupies20202002Corporate governanceExplorationUnited NationsPolisarioDisproportionatelyConflictTerritoryEconomicsDubaiEntityUrgesCommitteeSupportFirmsResource WatchShareholdersJournalistsCountriesMediaSaharawisInternationalHuman RightsEventsYearReportsActivitiesWorkSecurityPoliceGovernmentPagePoliticalPeopleMeans
19754
- Sahara since 1975. (lu.se)
- 8 On 16 October 1975, the International Court of Justice handed down the Advisory Opinion requested (Western Sahara, Advisory Opinion, ICJ Reports 1975, p. 12). (wsrw.org)
- Western Sahara is a United Nations designated non-self-governing territory that has been subject to an occupation by Morocco since it invaded in 1975. (middleeasteye.net)
- Since the Madrid Accords of 1975, a part of Western Sahara has been administered by Morocco as the Southern Provinces . (decisivechro276.cfd)
Moroccan8
- All involved companies have teamed up with the Moroccan government's state owned oil company ONHYM outside of Morocco's internationally recognized borders - in Western Sahara. (wsrw.org)
- The oil companies' activities in Western Sahara through a deal with the Moroccan government will give Morocco even less incentive to engage in peace talks and fulfill its duties under international law. (wsrw.org)
- Last Sunday, Moroccan security forces arrested six Sahrawi demonstrators in the occupied territory of Western Sahara after protests broke out in response to the death of a hunger striking Sahrawi prisoner, Hassana al-Wali. (middleeasteye.net)
- I knew Hassana for decades, he was a brave campaigner, especially on the issue of removing the landmines laid by the Moroccan army in Western Sahara because his father was killed by a landmine," said Mohammed al-Baikam, the secretary-general of the fishing associations of Dakhla and a friend of the deceased. (middleeasteye.net)
- While no other country than the United States has ever recognized Morocco's unilateral annexation of Western Sahara , [2] [3] a number of countries have expressed their support for a future recognition of Moroccan sovereignty over the territory as an autonomous part of the Kingdom . (decisivechro276.cfd)
- The UN recognizes neither Moroccan [5] nor SADR sovereignty over Western Sahara. (decisivechro276.cfd)
- Moroccan settlers currently make up more than two thirds of the 500,000 inhabitants of Western Sahara . (decisivechro276.cfd)
- According to the Moroccan government, in 1958 the Moroccan Army of Liberation fought Spanish colonizers and almost liberated what was then Spanish Sahara. (decisivechro276.cfd)
Referendum5
- In 1991, a truce was negotiated with the promise on a referendum on the right to self-determination of Western Saharan inhabitants, the Sahrawi. (lu.se)
- We, the undersigned organizations, urge the UN Security Council to immediately condemn Morocco's current oil development program in Western Sahara, and to call on Morocco to follow through on its commitment under the 1988 settlement plan to allow the organization of a referendum in Western Sahara. (wsrw.org)
- 6 On 20 August 1974, the Kingdom of Spain informed the UN that it proposed to organise a referendum in Western Sahara under UN auspices. (wsrw.org)
- Furthermore, the UN General Assembly called upon the Kingdom of Spain, which it treated as the administering power, to postpone the referendum that it was planning to organise in Western Sahara until the General Assembly had decided on the policy to be pursued in order to accelerate the decolonisation process in the territory. (wsrw.org)
- In order to resolve the sovereignty issue, the UN has attempted to hold a referendum through the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO), and is holding direct talks between the Kingdom of Morocco and the Polisario Front. (decisivechro276.cfd)
Liberation movement2
- Polisario Front1, the liberation movement of Western Sahara, had fought to claim its independence but failed to do so. (lu.se)
- The Western Sahara liberation movement, Frente Polisario, publishes its position on human rights monitoring. (vest-sahara.no)
Sovereignty1
- No government in the world recognizes Morocco's self-proclaimed sovereignty over Western Sahara, and the International Court of Justice has stated that Morocco's claims to the territory are unfounded. (wsrw.org)
Mauritania2
- 1 Western Sahara is a territory in north-west Africa bordered by Morocco to the north, Algeria to the north-east, Mauritania to the east and south, while its west coast faces the Atlantic. (wsrw.org)
- Mauritania administers the western half of the Ras Nouadhibou Peninsula. (decisivechro276.cfd)
Kingdom of Moro4
- After its independence in 1956, the Kingdom of Morocco demanded the 'liberation' of Western Sahara, considering that that territory belonged to it. (wsrw.org)
- If the answer to the first question was in the negative, it also requested the International Court of Justice to rule on the issue of the legal ties between Western Sahara and the Kingdom of Morocco and the Mauritanian entity. (wsrw.org)
- Western Sahara , formerly the Spanish colony of Spanish Sahara , is a disputed territory claimed by both the Kingdom of Morocco and the Popular Front for the Liberation of the Saguia el Hamra and Rio de Oro (Polisario Front) , which is an independence movement based in Tifariti and Bir Lehlou . (decisivechro276.cfd)
- The official position of the Kingdom of Morocco since 1963 is that all of Western Sahara is an integral part of the kingdom. (decisivechro276.cfd)
Amnesty International1
- Amnesty International on Wednesday broke news that seven Sahrawi hunger strikers had ended their fast, reportedly after being promised better prison conditions, but the victory is a small one and only helps to illustrate the wider abuses going on behind the scenes in the Western Sahara. (middleeasteye.net)
Sahara's3
- Veteran activist Wali died in a military hospital in Western Sahara's second city, Dakhla, on 27 September. (middleeasteye.net)
- After being sentenced to jail for "participation in an illegal demonstration" and "forming a gang", Wali was taken to a detention facility in Western Sahara's would-be capital city Laayoune. (middleeasteye.net)
- In November 2005, Morocco began censoring all political Web sites advocating Western Sahara's independence. (dw.com)
Considers1
- KLP considers Total's activities in Western Sahara unethical. (vest-sahara.no)
North Africa1
- Morocco World News brings you the latest news about business, education, Western Sahara, culture and tourism in Morocco, Current Events in North Africa. (enjoytrulli.eu)
Cybersecurity2
- Such measures must include the amendments of legislation enabling state surveillance, including the Computer Crimes Act, the Cybersecurity Act, and the National Intelligence Act in line with international human rights law, as well as implementing safeguards to protect the right to privacy and freedom of expression, association and peaceful assembly. (amnesty.org)
- It should be said that most Israeli cybersecurity companies develop decent and kosher products. (business-humanrights.org)
Protests1
- In many states , these companies go so far as to back laws to criminalize protests of dirty energy projects such as pipelines, openly weaponizing the police and criminal justice system to protect the profits of the fossil fuel industry and the banks that fund them. (truthout.org)
Occupies1
- Western Sahara Resource Watch has today launched a report detailing how Morocco intends to build over 1000 MW (megawatts) of renewable energy plants in Western Sahara, a territory that Morocco partially occupies. (vest-sahara.no)
20201
- This has turned Israeli cyber into a world leader, so much so that over 40% of investments in the sector globally in 2020 went to Israeli companies and entrepreneurs. (business-humanrights.org)
20022
- A UN Legal Opinion of January 2002, delivered at the request of the Security Council, concluded that oil exploration or exploitation in the Non-Self Governing Territory of Western Sahara is in violation of international law if not in accordance with the wishes and the interests of the people of the territory. (wsrw.org)
- The Rafto Foundation wishes to support the saharawi´s struggle for human rights and self-determination, and has therefore decided to give the Thorolf Rafto Memorial Prize for 2002 to Sidi Mohammed Daddach from Western Sahara. (humanrightshouse.org)
Corporate governance2
- The Club de Excelencia en Sostenibilidad, the Spanish business association, has formed a Corporate Governance Commission in collaboration with law firm Garrigues. (responsible-investor.com)
- The Securities Commission of Malaysia is developing a standardised corporate governance ranking for listed companies, according to national news agency Bernama . (responsible-investor.com)
Exploration3
- Neither Morocco, nor the oil companies involved in the exploration work in Western Sahara, have the right to override the Saharawi people's right to self-determination. (wsrw.org)
- The company Total is carrying out oil exploration in the Sahara and was this year present on Career Day at Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) in Trondheim. (vest-sahara.no)
- The company carries out exploration in the territory despite the UN legal office stating it would be in violation of international law. (vest-sahara.no)
United Nations3
- 2 On 14 December 1960, the General Assembly of the United Nations Organisation ('the UN') adopted Resolution 1514 (XV) on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples. (wsrw.org)
- 3 In 1963, following the transmission of information by the Kingdom of Spain pursuant to Article 73(e) of the Charter of the United Nations, the UN added Western Sahara to its list of non-self-governing territories. (wsrw.org)
- Western Sahara is listed by the United Nations (UN) as a non- decolonized territory and is thus included in the United Nations list of non-self-governing territories , which regards Spain as the de jure administering state. (decisivechro276.cfd)
Polisario2
- The judicial activism in a relatively uncharted area in this field, external relations, was analyzed through a qualitative case study of the CJEU case Polisario Front , concerning the application of a EU trade agreement to the non-self-governing territory of Western Sahara. (lu.se)
- Although the UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) treats the status of Western Sahara as 'undetermined', its lack of reference to its current effective partition, considering the existence of the Polisario-held areas, indicates an acceptance of Morocco as the administering power in the entire territory. (decisivechro276.cfd)
Disproportionately2
- Marathon Petroleum, the nation's largest oil refining company, has a history of environmental pollution that disproportionately impacts the health of Black and Brown communities where their refineries are based. (truthout.org)
- It's easy to shrug and say, that's just the market but the reality is that the people in power at these companies are disproportionately male and their business decisions can't help but be influenced by their own personal biases and interests. (frameworth.com)
Conflict1
- Western Sahara is occupied by Morocco, and UN recommends that use of natural resources such as oil be postponed until after the conflict is resolved. (humanrightshouse.org)
Territory5
- The territory in this case is Western Sahara, South of Morocco, who includes the territory as part of its own country. (lu.se)
- In blatant disrespect for the UN's crystal clear Legal Opinion, Morocco has to date awarded seven oil and gas licenses in the territory. (wsrw.org)
- But Morocco maintains an untenable hold over large parts of the territory and subjects the Saharawi people under its control to grave and serious human rights violations, while half the Saharawi people is living as refugees in one of the most inhospitable parts of the Algerian desert. (wsrw.org)
- 7 By Resolution 3292 (XXIX) on the Question of the Spanish Sahara, adopted on 13 December 1974, the UN General Assembly decided to request the International Court of Justice for an Advisory Opinion on whether Western Sahara (Rio de Oro and Sakiet El Hamra) was, at the time of its colonisation by the Kingdom of Spain, a territory belonging to no one (terra nullius). (wsrw.org)
- Morocco, however, claims the territory forms its "southern provinces" and is part of a historic "greater Morocco" with Rabat maintaining near full control of the area. (middleeasteye.net)
Economics1
- Matt is a good ' edition with not 35 economics % in Western Australia. (nukefix.org)
Dubai3
- So, as a Dubai company , how to get more Chinese Clients? (chinesetouristagency.com)
- A group of Christians has suddenly converted to Islam in order to receive free items donated by a Dubai-based company and the United Arab Emirates Red Crescent. (afrik-news.com)
- This comes after Muslim landslide victims from Mount Elgon in eastern Uganda (locally called Baduda) who were relocated by the government to the western Ugandan district of Kiryandongo received items donated by a Dubai-based company called Al Crownfolest and the Red Crescent society of United Arab Emirates. (afrik-news.com)
Entity1
- Be a social finance actor: microfinance institution (any legal entity providing microfinance), national microfinance association, regional network working on financial inclusion. (developmentaid.org)
Urges1
- If so, and in order to preserve the health of the individual shareholders, the employees, and the directors of the company, the Board of Directors urges the individual shareholders not to physically attend the shareholders meetings. (barco.com)
Committee1
- Changemaker, SAIH and The Norwegian Support Committee for Western Sahara are now criticizing NTNU for lack of ethical guidelines. (vest-sahara.no)
Support2
- Fossil fuel companies support police foundations across the country, especially in major oil producing states such as Texas and Louisiana. (truthout.org)
- The RITME team is proud to organized a clothing and school supplies collection in support of the Emmaüs Défi association! (ritme.com)
Firms1
- firms think more organizations in the d exam. (turnageco.com)
Resource Watch2
- Western Sahara Resource Watch today launched a report on the French oil company Total's irresponsible comeback in occupied Western Sahara. (vest-sahara.no)
- Our international platform Western Sahara Resource Watch is now on Facebook. (vest-sahara.no)
Shareholders1
- A group of nine US public pension funds has filed a shareholder resolution asking the board at energy-drilling company Nabors Industries to grant long-term shareholders the right to nominate directors. (responsible-investor.com)
Journalists1
- The Pegasus Project was a collaboration by journalists from 17 media organizations in 10 countries, coordinated by Forbidden Stories. (amnesty.org)
Countries2
- Fredskorpset is based on the method of developing well-functional partnership between institutions, businesses and organisation in Norway and development countries. (humanrightshouse.org)
- Though originally Dutch I have travelled the world for my work for years and lived in many countries but Morocco for me is the best place and now I know I will remain here to my last days. (enjoytrulli.eu)
Media1
- Face Detection and Recognition: analysis and osoblyvostey Rewards means, interpretations, and links with a own organization for media title on the global jobs, years, and glaciers originated in Dual Y product and path. (weitz.org)
Saharawis1
- Photo: Saharawis have been protesting against the oil industry in Western Sahara for months on end. (wsrw.org)
International5
- States have binding obligations under international law to not only respect human rights, but also to protect them from abuse by third parties, including private companies. (amnesty.org)
- Wali's activism saw him meet with international delegations that visited Western Sahara. (middleeasteye.net)
- The Annexation of Western Sahara by Morocco took place in two stages, in 1976 and 1979, and is considered illegal under international law . (decisivechro276.cfd)
- Under international law, Western Sahara is not a legal part of Morocco and it remains under the international laws of military occupation . (decisivechro276.cfd)
- Looking for any excuse to write about one of my favorite destinations on the entire planet, the Galapagos Islands, I recently caught up with my friend and Executive Director of the International Galapagos Tour Operators Association ( IGTOA ), Matt Kareus. (nathab.com)
Human Rights2
- Read about the main activities and human rights focus of the organizations in the Human Rights House in Bergen. (humanrightshouse.org)
- Sign up to receive monthly and periodic news and insight into the activities of Human Rights Houses and issues affecting human rights defenders. (humanrightshouse.org)
Events2
Year3
- In the last year, the Security Lab uncovered new instances of targeting using Pegasus in Morocco-Western Sahara and Poland. (amnesty.org)
- The US oil firm Kosmos Energy Ltd in collaboration with Scottish firm Cairn Energy Plc has finished the first ever test-well drilling in the territorial waters of Western Sahara in February this year. (wsrw.org)
- Also, the Dubai's government company Emirates Airline launched Chinese cities of Yinchuan and Zhengzhou as their 4th and 5th destinations in China in May last year. (chinesetouristagency.com)
Reports2
- King reports that any coastal map of Western Sahara is inaccurate because of the ever-changing physical features, due to the harsh conditions of the Sahara. (wikipedia.org)
- But the reports from recent days regarding offensive-cyber company NSO, which joins a long list of exposes in Calcalist over recent years, must push the responsible authorities, both inside and outside of the industry, to reassess the situation. (business-humanrights.org)
Activities1
- The Norwegian investor KLP announced 3 June that they have blacklisted the oil company Total from its portfolio due to the company's oil activities offshore Western Sahara. (vest-sahara.no)
Work1
- Iroquois Healthcare Association easily enables staff to work remotely with ChromeOS. (chromeenterprise.google)
Security1
Police4
- The same companies that drive environmental racism in Black and Brown communities through toxic and climate-changing pollution also fund police power in cities that stretch from Houston and Detroit to New Orleans and Salt Lake City. (truthout.org)
- Oil and gas companies, private utilities, and financial institutions that bankroll fossil fuels are all big backers of police foundations , which privately raise money to buy weapons, equipment, and surveillance technology for police departments, bypassing already outsized public police budgets. (truthout.org)
- These companies, which rely on extraction and exploitation to secure their profits, have an incentive to form tight bonds with police forces, which function to uphold and protect their interests in the face of community opposition. (truthout.org)
- This symbiotic relationship between the fossil fuel industry and police often means that the companies that are polluting Black and Brown communities - like Marathon Petroleum in Detroit, Valero in Corpus Christi, or Shell in Louisiana - are the same ones that are aligned with and propping up police forces in these same cities. (truthout.org)
Government2
- NSO Group, the company behind Pegasus, claims that it only sells products to government intelligence and law enforcement agencies. (amnesty.org)
- A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. (state.gov)
Page1
- More information about Morocco is available on the Morocco Page and from other Department of State publications and other sources listed at the end of this fact sheet. (enjoytrulli.eu)
Political1
- Fossil fuel companies, utilities, and the banks that fund them are prominent political players in any local or regional power structure. (truthout.org)
People2
- The director of Iganga Islamic Development Association, Abdul Majid Nkolawano, said that he asked for donations after seeing the sorry state in which the resettled people were living. (afrik-news.com)
- On learning about the plight of these people, I contacted organizations in UAE for assistance," said Nkolawano. (afrik-news.com)