• AIH usually develops in individuals with a genetic background mainly consisting of some risk alleles of the major histocompatibility complex (HLA). (wjgnet.com)
  • Researchers have identified hundreds of different versions (alleles) of the HLA-DRB1 gene, each of which is given a particular number (such as HLA-DRB1 *04:01). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Association of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ and HLA-DQA1/DQB1 alleles with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. (cdc.gov)
  • In the case of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and related illnesses, many of the HLA class II alleles are associated with the presence of specific autoantibodies or clinical phenotypes. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
  • Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a severe autoimmune blistering disorder characterized by the presence of pathogenic autoantibodies directed against desmoglein-3 (Dsg3), involving specific DR4 and DR6 alleles in Caucasians and DQ5 allele in Asians. (biomedcentral.com)
  • While specific DP, DQ or DR alleles at the HLA class II locus have been shown to correlate with particular autoimmune diseases, a variety of confounding factors including strong linkage disequilibrium between the different HLA alleles, especially DR and DQ, complicates the exact identification of MHC susceptibility alleles. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A few studies have been conducted regarding the relationship between HLA alleles and the incidence of recurrent aphthous stomatitis in different human populations especially in the Iranian population (15). (ac.ir)
  • Furthermore, the human leukocyte antigen involved in this condition are HLA-DQ2(DR3 (DQB*0201)) and HLA-DQ8(DR4 (DQB1*0302)), genetically speaking, which indicates this is a multifactorial disorder, as well. (wikipedia.org)
  • After recalculating the response to CII taking this hyporesponsiveness into account the CII response was higher in RA patients, and was associated with human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1*0401 and HLA-DQA1*0301-DQB1*0302 (HLA-DQ8). (biomedcentral.com)
  • We characterized HPV-16 variants by PCR in 107 ICC cases, which were typed for HLA-DQA1 , DRB1 and DQB1 genes and compared to 257 controls. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 90-95% of CeD patients carry the HLA-DQ2.5 variant (DQA1*05:01, DQB1*02:01) that confers the highest risk of developing CeD while the remaining patients carry HLA-DQ2.2 (DQA1*02:01, DQB1*02:02) or HLA-DQ8 (DQA1*03, DQB1*03:02) ( 5 , 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • OBJECTIVE- HLA-DRB1* 03 -DQB1* 0201 /DRB1* 04 -DQB1* 0302 ( DR3/4-DQ8 ) siblings who share both major histocompatibility complex (MHC) haplotypes identical-by-descent with their proband siblings have a higher risk for type 1A diabetes than DR3/4-DQ8 siblings who do not share both MHC haplotypes identical-by-descent. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Some studies show that the leukocyte DQ3 (DQB1*03) was present in over 80% of people affected by the disorder. (primehealthchannel.com)
  • These studies also proved that individuals with AT and Alopecia Universalis (AU) often have increased levels of WBC antigen DR4 (DRB1*0401) and HLA DQ7 (DQB1*0301). (primehealthchannel.com)
  • The HLA-DRB1 gene provides instructions for making a protein that plays a critical role in the immune system. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The HLA-DRB1 gene is part of a family of genes called the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The HLA-DRB1 gene belongs to a group of MHC genes called MHC class II. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The protein produced from the HLA-DRB1 gene, called the beta chain, attaches (binds) to another protein called the alpha chain, which is produced from the HLA-DRA gene. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Certain variations in the HLA-DRB1 gene have been linked to an increased risk of developing an autoimmune disorder called autoimmune Addison disease. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A particular HLA-DRB1 gene variant called HLA-DRB1*04:04 is the most well-known risk factor for autoimmune Addison disease. (medlineplus.gov)
  • It is not clear how HLA-DRB1*04:04 and other HLA-DRB1 variations are involved in the inappropriate immune response that causes autoimmune Addison disease. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Variations in the HLA-DRB1 gene have been associated with an increased risk of developing multiple sclerosis. (medlineplus.gov)
  • HLA-DRB1 among patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease in Saudi Arabia. (cdc.gov)
  • Association of HLA-DR4/HLA-DRB1*04 with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (cdc.gov)
  • The polymorphisms associated with the "shared epitope" are located on the α-helical rim (DRB1 chain) of the peptide-binding cleft, where they may interact with either the bound peptide antigen or the T cell receptor. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
  • Our findings ascertain that DRB1*0402 plays a crucial role in the selection of specific self-peptides in DR4 PV. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We observed similar proportions of HLA DRB1*1302 carriers in E-P positive cases and controls, but interestingly, this allele was not found in AA cases (p = 0.03, Fisher exact test). (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study aimed to determine the relationship between one of the histocompatibility antigens (HLA DRB1) and its sub-groups with the incidence of recurrent aphthous ulcers in an Iranian population (North East of Iran). (ac.ir)
  • The frequency of HLA -DRB1 *16 was 0.7% in the healthy subjects, however frequency of HLA -DRB1 *16 in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) was 42.36%, and this difference was statistically significant (P=0.03). (ac.ir)
  • In Aim 2, we will generate HLA-DR15 recombinant molecules covalently linked to the dominant Sm T cell epitopes. (lupusresearch.org)
  • Using these molecules, we will solve the crystal structure to elucidate the molecular conformation that drives the anti-Sm T cell response, and generate HLA-DR15 tetramers to determine the frequency, phenotype of anti-Sm specific T cells as well as obtain clonally expanded paired Valpha and Vbeta T cell receptor (TCR) sequences from SLE patients with active disease. (lupusresearch.org)
  • The HLA molecules and their counterparts in rodents were subsequently shown to be directly responsible for immune response differences between individuals and for determining the likelihood of graft rejection. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
  • In each individual, T cells are generally restricted to recognize antigens presented by the person's own HLA molecules. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
  • The allelic variations among different HLA molecules are a major factor accounting for differences in the types of antigenic peptides to which an individual responds or in the types of T cells that are used in an immune response. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
  • HLA class I molecules consist of a 45-kD α chain encoded within the MHC that is noncovalently associated with the 12-kD β 2 -microglobulin chain (encoded on chromosome 15). (musculoskeletalkey.com)
  • HLA class II molecules consist of noncovalently associated α (32 kD) and β (28 kD) chains, both of which are encoded within the MHC. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
  • HLA class I and class II molecules are cell surface glycoproteins, anchored to the membrane by hydrophobic transmembrane segments. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
  • MHC class II molecules are specialized peptide receptors that play a critical role in initiating and regulating immune responses by binding peptide fragments that are 10-30 amino acids long [ 1 ] and present them on the surface of antigen-presenting cells for recognition by CD4 + T cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II molecules which are called human leukocyte antigens (HLA), play an important role in the immune response (16). (ac.ir)
  • These molecules of cell surface play a critical role in antigen processing and T cell activity. (ac.ir)
  • Several environmental, genetic, and immune factors create a "perfect storm" for the development of coeliac disease: the antigen gluten, the strong association of coeliac disease with HLA, the deamidation of gluten peptides by the enzyme transglutaminase 2 (TG2) generating peptides that bind strongly to the predisposing HLA-DQ2 or HLA-DQ8 molecules, and the ensuing unrestrained T cell response. (frontiersin.org)
  • In this review, we will discuss how tissue destruction in the context of coeliac disease results from the complex interactions between gluten, HLA molecules, TG2, and multiple innate and adaptive immune components. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, while up to 40% of the general population in Western countries express one of the predisposing HLA molecules, the global prevalence of CeD is just 1% ( 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • These molecules can be characterized using human lymphocyte antigen (HLA) typing. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • HLA-DR, like other MHC class II molecules, is a transmembrane glycoprotein composed of a 36 kDa alpha chain (DRA) and 27 kDa beta chain (DRB). (thermofisher.com)
  • The human MHC class II molecules bind intracellularly processed peptides, present them to T-helper cells, and have a critical role in the initiation of the immune response. (thermofisher.com)
  • One strong indicator for antigenic involvement in RA is the fact that certain major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II genotypes [human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DR4 and HLA-DR1] predispose for the development of the disease [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The HLA complex is the human version of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), a gene family that occurs in many species. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Post-translational modification of proteins has the potential to alter the ability of T cells to recognize major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class -I and class-II restricted antigens, thereby resulting in altered immune responses. (scancell.co.uk)
  • CeD is triggered by gluten consumption in genetically susceptible individuals carrying certain major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II human leukocyte antigen (HLA) variants ( 5 , 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • A majority of patients with RA have HLA-DR4, HLA-DR1, or both antigens in the major histocompatibility complex region. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • 1 Although the major histocompatibility complex region is important, it is not the sole determinant as patients can have the disease without these HLA types. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • The human leukocyte antigen ( HLA ) is a gene complex that encodes the major histocompatibility complex ( MHC ) proteins . (amboss.com)
  • Polymorphisms have been identified to affect the risk for T1DM, together with main histocompatibility complicated and human leukocyte antigen Identify the importance of enhancing collaboration and care coordination amongst the interprofessional team to boost the delivery of take care of sufferers affected by diabetes mellitus The symptoms of sort 2 diabetes are much like these of kind 1 diabetes. (esaunggul.ac.id)
  • Description: The LN3 mAb reacts with the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, HLA-DR. HLA-DR is expressed on the surface of human antigen presenting cells (APC) including B cells, monocytes, macrophages, DCs, and activated T cells. (thermofisher.com)
  • Moreover, autoantibodies reacting to specific antigens is common, in the immune system of an affected individual. (wikipedia.org)
  • These theories hold that in SLE, the immune system generates autoantibodies to foreign antigens, and these autoantibodies, in turn, attack the patient's own tissues. (medscape.com)
  • Autoantibodies specific for the Sm antigen are strongly associated with disease severity in SLE. (lupusresearch.org)
  • Sm specific T cells play an important role in class switching anti-Sm autoantibodies and participate as disease effectors, and anti-Sm autoreactivity is strongly associated with the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR15. (lupusresearch.org)
  • Moreover, we showed that antigen specific Tregs are of much greater potency than polyclonal expanded Tregs, suppress autoimmune disease in an antigen specific manner, and, importantly, block the expansion of antigen specific T follicular helper cells, the key T cell subset for the development of autoantibodies. (lupusresearch.org)
  • Such patients probably have the same disease process as patients with type 1 diabetes in that they have similar HLA genetic susceptibility as well as autoantibodies to islet antigens, low insulin secretion, and a higher rate of progression to insulin dependency. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Type 1 diabetes is characterized by the destruction of the insulin-secreting β-cells of the islets of Langerhans, by the production of little or no insulin, and, in most cases, by immune-mediated pathogenetic mechanisms highlighted by the presence of islet cell autoantibodies and by an altered frequency of immune-regulating genes in the HLA region. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • A particularly big impact seems to have a group of genes that are almost exclusively present on chromosome no. 6: The so-called human leukocyte antigen system (HLA), has a significant impact on the control of the immune system. (drsymptoms.com)
  • A study of KIR genes and HLA-C in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease in Saudi Arabia. (cdc.gov)
  • The MHC, one of the most gene-rich regions in the human genome, has identified more than 200 genes. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
  • The possibility that VKH disease has an autoimmune pathogenesis is supported by the statistically significant frequency of HLA-DR4, an antigen commonly associated with other autoimmune diseases. (medscape.com)
  • These data are publicly-available to enable genotype-specific sample requests and the study of novel genotype:phenotype associations, aiding in the mission of nPOD to enhance understanding of diabetes pathogenesis to promote the development of novel therapies. (nature.com)
  • This finding suggests that these HLA variants contribute to, but are not sufficient for, the development of the disease and that additional genetic and environmental factors are needed to mount a pathogenic immune response against gluten ( 9 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • HLA class II polymorphisms are also associated with genetic susceptibility to ICC. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In fact, the HLA locus which is the main inherited genetic susceptibility factor for CeD, only accounts for ~ 40% of the genetic variance of the disease. (frontiersin.org)
  • In Aim 1, we will define the dominant pathogenic Sm T cell epitopes by immunizing HLA-DR15 transgenic mice with overlapping peptides encompassing all nine Sm proteins, and determine if these epitopes are naturally presented by peptide elution MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry experiments. (lupusresearch.org)
  • Homocitrullinated peptides were identified and assessed in vitro for HLA-A2 binding and in vivo in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) transgenic mouse models for immunogenicity. (scancell.co.uk)
  • Human tumor samples were analyzed by targeted mass spectrometry for presence of homocitrullinated peptides. (scancell.co.uk)
  • Modified peptides showed enhanced binding to HLA-A2 compared with the native sequences and immunization of HLA-A2 transgenic mice generated high avidity modification specific CD8 responses that killed peptide expressing target cells. (scancell.co.uk)
  • HLA-DR is a heterodimeric transmembrane protein composed of alpha and beta subunits and plays an important role in the presentation of peptides to CD4+ T lymphocytes. (thermofisher.com)
  • T cell immunity is at the center of the disease contributing to the inflammatory process through the loss of tolerance to gluten and the differentiation of HLA-DQ2 or HLA-DQ8-restricted anti-gluten inflammatory CD4 + T cells secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines and to the killing of intestinal epithelial cells by cytotoxic intraepithelial CD8 + lymphocytes. (frontiersin.org)
  • Another improvement is the derivation of highly immunodeficient mice, transgenic with human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) and cytokines that supported development of HLA-restricted human T cells and heightened human myeloid cell engraftment. (bvsalud.org)
  • Regulatory T cells that recognize the Smith antigen might be able to shut down these harmful immune cells. (lupusresearch.org)
  • however, the challenge for T cells is to recognize tumour antigens whilst minimizing cross-reactivity with antigens associated with healthy tissue. (scancell.co.uk)
  • Activated B cells and memory T cells can recognize specific antigens on pathogens. (amboss.com)
  • Our results suggest that the association between HLA polymorphism and risk of ICC might be influenced by the distribution of HPV-16 variants. (biomedcentral.com)
  • HLA polymorphism can directly affect the bonding capacity of antigens and thus affect antigen-specific T-cell response (17). (ac.ir)
  • Here is a map showing the allele frequency of HLA-DR14. (eupedia.com)
  • Here is a map showing the allele frequency of HLA-DR10. (eupedia.com)
  • Here is a map showing the allele frequency of HLA-A3, which is divided in two subtypes : A3:01 and A3:02. (eupedia.com)
  • The RAS etiology is less described, despite the overall agreement about the role of autoimmune reaction to oral mucosa or cross-reactive antigens. (ac.ir)
  • The Network for Pancreatic Organ donors with Diabetes (nPOD) is the largest biorepository of human pancreata and associated immune organs from donors with type 1 diabetes (T1D), maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY), cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD), type 2 diabetes (T2D), gestational diabetes, islet autoantibody positivity (AAb+), and without diabetes. (nature.com)
  • The relative increase in CII-reactivity in RA patients as compared with healthy control individuals, and the association of a higher response with RA-associated HLA haplotypes, suggest the existence of a potentially pathogenic cellular reactivity against CII in RA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Once they know that, they will be able to genetically engineer regulatory T cells to protect cells carrying the Smith antigen in mice. (lupusresearch.org)
  • Data were technically validated using published algorithms to evaluate donor relatedness, ancestry, imputed HLA, and T1D genetic risk score. (nature.com)
  • Type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ), which is much more common, has a strong genetic component as well as a significant association with obesity and a sedentary lifestyle. (amboss.com)
  • To study cellular immune reactivity to CII in patients with RA and in healthy control individuals and to correlate this reactivity to HLA class II genotypes and to the presence of antibodies to CII in serum. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, the relationship between HLA-class I (HLA-A, -B and -C) and HLA-class II (DR, -DQ - DP) with oral disorder has not yet been investigated extensively (16). (ac.ir)
  • In this study, we utilized humanized Rag1KO.IL2RγcKO.NOD mice expressing HLA class II (DR4) molecule (DRAG mice) infused with HLA-matched hematopoietic stem cells from umbilical cord blood to study early events after HIV-1 infection, since the mucosal tissues of these mice are highly enriched for human lymphocytes and express the receptors and coreceptors needed for HIV-1 entry. (bvsalud.org)
  • Three loci, DR, DQ and DP, encode the major expressed products of the human class II region. (thermofisher.com)
  • The strategy of the present work has accordingly been to reinvestigate T-cell reactivity to CII in RA patients, to relate it to the response to commonly used recall antigens and to analyze IFN-γ responses as an alternative to proliferative responses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Anti-soluble liver antigen (anti-SLA): This test should be considered if tests for ASMA and AMA are negative. (medscape.com)
  • Tests for antibodies to liver-kidney microsome type 1 (anti-LKM-1), soluble liver antigen (anti-SLA), and liver cytosol type 1 (anti-LC1) may be helpful if antinuclear antibody (ANA) and anti-smooth muscle antibody (ASMA) test results are negative. (medscape.com)
  • This work will define the Sm T cell epitopes in the most clinically relevant HLA II in SLE, provide information including HLA II-epitope molecular structure and phenotype of Sm specific T cells, and push towards an antigen-specific therapeutic option for SLE. (lupusresearch.org)
  • The limited availability of human mucosal biopsy tissue and the low number of cells that can be isolated from these tissues hampers the characterization of the phenotype and function of human mucosal immune cell subsets. (bvsalud.org)
  • Certain HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR4 have major contribution in development of Type 1 diabetes. (drsymptoms.com)
  • Interestingly, the recent data in RA indicate that the major HLA-DR associations are with anti-CCP antibody positive disease, suggesting that control of autoantibody responses may be a primary mechanism underlying these associations in RA as well. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
  • Persistent infection with oncogenic types of human papillomavirus (HPV) is the major risk factor for invasive cervical cancer (ICC), and non-European variants of HPV-16 are associated with an increased risk of persistence and ICC. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The major risk factor is persistent infection with oncogenic types of human papillomavirus (HPV) with the contribution of additional co-factors such as smoking and oral contraceptive use. (biomedcentral.com)
  • One of the immune cells' main targets is a portion of the cell nucleus referred to as the Smith antigen. (lupusresearch.org)
  • Their work will identify which parts of the Smith antigen that immune cells respond to. (lupusresearch.org)
  • Here, we propose to determine the molecular mechanism for anti-Sm autoimmunity, potentially leading to a novel way to develop Sm antigen specific regulatory T cells (Tregs) to treat patients with SLE. (lupusresearch.org)
  • Some tumour cells, including those associated with viral infections, have clear, tumour-specific antigens that can be targeted by T cells. (scancell.co.uk)
  • Several different types of humanized mice have been developed with varying levels of reconstitution of human CD45+ cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Applications Tested: This LN3 antibody has been pre-titrated and tested by flow cytometric analysis of normal human peripheral blood cells. (thermofisher.com)
  • HLA-DR is expressed primarily on antigen presenting cells such as B lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, thymic epithelial cells and activated T lymphocytes. (thermofisher.com)
  • Several human leukocyte antigen (HLA) associations have been found in patients with VKH disease, including HLA-DR4, HLA-DR53, and HLA-DQ4. (medscape.com)
  • Though only present in 30-40% of SLE patients, compared to less specific autoantibody targets, Sm represents the best opportunity for antigen-specific immune regulation in SLE. (lupusresearch.org)
  • Our docking simulations are entirely consistent with functional data obtained from in vitro competitive binding assays and T cell proliferation studies in DR4 and DR6 PV patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Patients with HLA-DR4 antigen are 3.5 times more likely to develop RA than those patients who have other HLA-DR antigens. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • The following product was used in this experiment: HLA-DR Monoclonal Antibody (LN3), Super Bright™ 436, eBioscience™ from Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog # 62-9956-42, RRID AB_2744822. (thermofisher.com)
  • Humanized mice are emerging as an alternative model system to well-established non-human primate (NHP) models for studying human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 biology and pathogenesis. (bvsalud.org)
  • The influence of treatment duration, vehicle, and time of day of application on topical 0.05% betamethasone dipropionate uptake into human stratum corneum and the resulting skin-blanching response was investigated in human subjects. (researchgate.net)
  • Molecular mimicry between antibodies directed against infectious agents (eg, bacteria, Epstein-Barr virus [EBV]) and self-antigens has been implicated in SLE. (medscape.com)
  • The HLA complex helps the immune system distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins made by foreign invaders such as viruses and bacteria. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In Aim 3, we will retrovirally transduce Sm-specific TCR sequences onto polyclonally expanded Tregs ex vivo and investigate the efficacy of these Sm antigen specific Tregs compared to polyclonal Tregs in suppressing pro-inflammatory Sm specific autoreactivity. (lupusresearch.org)
  • Despite much work over past decades, whether antigen-specific immune reactions occur in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to what extent such reactions are directed towards joint-specific autoantigens is still questionable. (biomedcentral.com)
  • HLA-DR and HLA-DQ genotyping was performed utilizing a polymerase chain reaction-based technique with sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe hybridization. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Now, we propose a novel method, using the latest technologies, to determine the structure/function relationship between HLA-DR15 and anti-Sm autoimmunity in SLE, and generate Sm antigen specific Tregs. (lupusresearch.org)
  • Unlikely most other HLA types, DR13 does not show any specific geographic pattern or associated with ethnic groups or Y-DNA haplogroup. (eupedia.com)
  • The innate immune system develops in utero and, unlike the adaptive (acquired) immune system , does not require imprinting or adaptation to specific antigens nor does it provide permanent pathogen -specific immunity . (amboss.com)
  • Experts are also trying to find out the reason behind the specific behavior of the WBC or the leukocyte antigen which triggers the hair loss. (primehealthchannel.com)
  • Rather, individuals are at a higher risk when they carry a particular human leukocyte antigen (HLA-DQ2, HLA-DQ8 and HLA-DR4). (wikipedia.org)
  • KIR and HLA Genotypes Implicated in Reduced Killer Lymphocytes Immunity Are Associated with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease. (cdc.gov)
  • We have established a novel protocol, which results in a high yield of human lymphocytes with high viability to overcome this issue. (bvsalud.org)
  • However, an association between vitamin D deficiency in infancy and recurrent respiratory infections in childhood and type 1 diabetes are associated with each other. (drsymptoms.com)
  • National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National In- body, for example. (lu.se)
  • Long non-coding RNA CASP5 promotes the malignant phenotypes of human glioblastoma multiforme. (cancerindex.org)
  • Therefore, human-immune-system humanized mice are surrogate models to investigate the human mucosal immune cell responses during the course of the disease. (bvsalud.org)
  • Although both NHP and humanized mice have their own strengths and could never truly reflect the complex human immune system and biology, there are several advantages of using the humanized mice in terms of using primary HIV-1 for infection instead of simian immunodeficiency virus or chimera simian/HIV. (bvsalud.org)
  • PAS II is defined as the association between autoimmune Addison's disease and either autoimmune thyroid disease, type 1 diabetes, or both. (wikipedia.org)
  • VKH disease is considered to be a T-cell-mediated autoimmune response directed against melanocytes, although the exact antigens involved are incompletely understood. (medscape.com)
  • KIR and HLA gene combinations in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease. (cdc.gov)
  • Association analysis of TGFBR3 gene with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease and Behcet's disease in the Chinese Han population. (cdc.gov)
  • Investigation of the association between IL10 gene polymorphisms and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease in a Japanese population. (cdc.gov)
  • Association of Long Noncoding RNAs Polymorphisms With Ankylosing Spondylitis, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease, and Behcet's Disease. (cdc.gov)
  • The MMWR series of publications is published by the Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30333. (cdc.gov)
  • Highly immunodeficient mouse strains, such as NOD/SCID/gamma chain(null) (NSG, NOG), support better human hematopoietic cell engraftment. (bvsalud.org)
  • It is overall an North Asian HLA type, although it is also found in Lebanon and the Maghreb (but Lebanese do have 1-2% of North Asian DNA associated with Y-DNA haplogroup Q1b). (eupedia.com)
  • The number of humanized mouse models for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and other infectious diseases has expanded rapidly over the past 8 years. (bvsalud.org)
  • this follows earlier work demonstrating the structure-function association of HLA-DR4 and anti-CCP in RA (J Exp Med, 2013). (lupusresearch.org)