Assess hypothalamic pituitary hypothalamic diseases. Medical search. Frequent questions

Grant Winder Liddle (June 27, 1921 - June 29, 1989) was an American endocrinologist whose research focused largely on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. (wikipedia.org)
Much of his research focused on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and diseases that can affect it. (wikipedia.org)
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis plays a major role responding to stressor exposure by releasing cortisol. (cdc.gov)
Prenatal interaction produced anxiety, depression-like responses, and altered social behavior that were accompanied by decreased reactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, attenuated serotonin neurotransmission in the hippocampus, reduced enlargement of lateral ventricles, decreased volumes of amygdala and periaqueductal gray matter and density of spines on dendrites of granule cells of the hippocampus. (researchgate.net)
Guided by the main tenets of contemporary models of the developmental origins of health and disease, this study evaluated whether individual differences in reactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) moderate the effect of prenatal exposure to trauma on internalizing and externalizing behaviors during infancy. (salimetrics.com)
The goal of this project is to thoroughly investigate the dysregulation of hormonal systems in patients with ACLD, including cardiovascular hormones like classical and non-classical pathways of the reninangiotensin-aldosterone-system (RAAS), brain-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and arginine-vasopressin (AVP), as well as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. (meduniwien.ac.at)
The three independent aims of this project include the characterization of (i) vasoactive hormones in distinct stages of portal hypertension (PH), (ii) activation patterns of the classical and non-classical RAAS in different stages of ACLD and (iii) the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis across ACLD stages. (meduniwien.ac.at)
Ongoing projects investigate the role of renin-angiotensin system, sympathetic nervous system, and hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis in cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. (uiowa.edu)
To assess dynamic HPA axis function, serum cortisol and plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels were evaluated in another 8 patients with recent onset PMR not treated with glucocorticoid in comparison to controls after challenge with ovine corticotropin releasing hormone (oCRH) test. (jrheum.org)
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression observed at baseline improved when patients were weaned off oral prednisone to fluticasone propionate. (nih.gov)
Her research has a particular emphasis on the diet-gut-brain-axis in Parkinson's disease. (ucc.ie)
Other abnormalities seen in patients who are critically ill include decreased TBG levels and abnormalities in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. (medscape.com)
In addition, suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis at each dose was assessed. (everycat.org)
In terms of molecular and physiologic factors, central nervous system dysfunction (inflammation, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis) leads to perceived reduced physical and mental capacity with no clear motor or cognitive deficiencies. (medscape.com)
These somatic consequences could partly be due to metabolic, immuno-inflammatory, autonomic and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis dysregulations which have been suggested to be more often present among depressed patients. (biomedcentral.com)
Endogenous Cushing's syndrome can be defined as a condition resulting from prolonged and inappropriate exposure to excessive amounts of cortisol, partial loss of the normal counter-regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and loss of circadian rhythm in cortisol secretion ( 1 1. (scielo.br)
Cortisol is the major circulating hormone of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis, exerting its effects through the glucocorticoid receptor expressed in almost all human cells. (salimetrics.com)
The surge in levels of between 50-150% of free cortisol observed at the 30 minute time point is routinely used in the scientific field to assess adrenocortical activity and the correlation of the surge in cortisol levels post awakening to chronic stress, HPA axis dysfunction, and burnout are well established (Fries et al. (salimetrics.com)
CPP in girls is commonly defined as the development of secondary sexual characteristics caused by premature activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis before 8 years of age [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Older women experience dramatic changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and female reproductive hormones, producing vasomotor symptoms (VMS), sleep problems, cognitive changes, and cardiometabolic risks, which increase susceptibility to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and dementia. (nih.gov)
Introduction Functional hypothalamic amenorrhoea (FHA) is a condition characterised by the absence of menses due to suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. (bmj.com)
Thus, for pure gains in solid muscle mass, gradually increasing induces negative feedback on the hypothalamic-pituitary axis and therefore inhibiting the secretion of both FSH and. (xamuel.com)
I combine behavioural observation data (~ 3500 hours) with analyses of molecular markers of immune regulation (urinary neopterin, uNEO), physical condition (urinary C-peptide, uCP) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation and parasite status assessment. (uni-goettingen.de)
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is responsible for many body functions in mammals. (bvsalud.org)

It can affect individuals at any age, but it is most prevalent in the second and third decades of life and is mostly (~80-90%) caused by pituitary tumors with a diameter less than 10 mm (microadenomas) ( 5 5. (scielo.br)
ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas are sporadic tumors in the vast majority of cases, but they can rarely be part of genetic conditions such as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (NEM1), multiple endocrine neoplasia type 4 (NEM4) and familial isolated pituitary adenoma (FIPA) ( 8 8. (scielo.br)
Hormone (GH) replacement in women with GH deficiency on the basis of pituitary/hypothalamic region tumors, radiation, or surgery on cardiovascular risk markers and arterial distensibility. (knowcancer.com)
And while both TRT and steroid use have their side vascular injury, hepatic tumors, and toxicant-associated fatty liver disease, as well as significant changes in lipoproteins. (xamuel.com)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pituitary, the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) test and the high-dose dexamethasone suppression test are the main tests for the differential diagnosis of ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome. (scielo.br)
Under physiological conditions, neurons in the hypothalamus synthesize and secrete corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), which subsequently acts on the pituitary gland causing the release of ACTH, or adrenocorticotropic hormone. (salimetrics.com)

Liddle developed the dexamethasone suppression test for assessing adrenal function and the metyrapone test for pituitary reserve. (wikipedia.org)

This tendency is for central nervous system and peripheral nervous system hyperactivation, overactivation, sympathetic hyperactivity, hypothalamic-pituitary system hyperactivity. (consultantlive.com)
Negative health behaviors and hypothalamic dysregulation and sympathetic hyperactivation are the most commonly mentioned plausible underlying pathways (see Figure 1). (medscape.com)

We therefore investigated the effects of PM2.5 exposure on insulin resistance and the disorders of hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism via hypothalamic inflammation. (deepdyve.com)
Our ultimate goal is to identify novel therapies that can be translated to yield better clinical outcomes in dilated cardiomyopathy, heart failure, hypertension, mood disorders, Alzheimer's disease and ALS. (uiowa.edu)
The MD Anderson Symptom Inventory (13 items) assesses fatigue, sleep disorders, and drowsiness. (medscape.com)
Respiratory diseases are common health disorders in veal calves, which have a severe impact on both animal welfare and the income of producers, because they are the most important causes of morbidity and mortality ( 13 , 14 ). (frontiersin.org)
Psychiatric and substance use disorders may be clinical interview which enables researchers to associated with unsafe sexual practices and needle make diagnosis of psychiatric disorders, and sharing which increases the likelihood of HIV consists of 16 modules, each representing a transmission thereby worsening disease diagnostic category. (who.int)
disorders, psychoactive substance use disorders and schizophrenia, and may compromise the effectiveness of Smoking is a chronic disease, a public health the therapeutic intervention(8-9). (bvsalud.org)
The life expectancy in reference to disorders as a disease that affects the of individuals who smoke is 25% lower than that population. (bvsalud.org)
In the following systematic review, we address the literature on headache and pituitary disorders with regard to prevalence, aetiology, pathophysiological mechanisms and treatment. (medscape.com)

Therefore, our current finding indicates an important role of hypothalamic inflammation in PM2.5 exposure-mediated hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism disorder. (deepdyve.com)
2012). Our previous study demonstrated that PM2.5 exposure led to hyperglycemia and IR, which were accompanied by hypothalamic inflammation evidenced by increased mRNA levels of Interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), Inhibitor kappa B kinase 2 (IKK2), and enhanced microglial/astrocyte reactivity (Song et al. (deepdyve.com)
2017). The inhibition of hypothalamic inflammation by intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of IKK2 inhibitor (IMD-0354) rectified PM2.5-induced glucose intolerance, IR, energy metabolism dysfunction, and attenuated peripheral inflammation in response to PM2.5 exposure (Song et al. (deepdyve.com)
017). Discussion: Abnormal cortisol rhythms assessed prior to treatment are associated with decreased survival in ovarian cancer and increased inflammation in the vicinity of the tumor. (elsevierpure.com)

Thyroid hormone is secreted in response to stimulation of the thyroid gland by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from the anterior pituitary gland. (emjournal.net)
Therefore, thyroid failure may be primary, due to intrinsic failure of the thyroid gland, or secondary, due to disease or destruction of the hypothalamus or pituitary gland. (emjournal.net)
The TSH level is also elevated in subclinical hypothyroidism and is usually the initial laboratory abnormality detected as the pituitary gland attempts to increase thyroid hormone production from the failing thyroid gland. (medscape.com)
Dentists are involved with aspects of salivary gland function in several ways, such as diagnosing problems involving the major and minor salivary glands, in the management of oral dryness associated with salivary problems, in the treatment of caries and periodontal disease resulting from decreased salivary flow, and in controlling salivation during restorative procedures. (medscape.com)
Significant abnormality or disease of the salivary glands, such as that associated with Sjögren syndrome or neoplasm, necessitates additional evaluation by an otolaryngologist or an otolaryngologist/head and neck surgeon for comprehensive treatment of the gland pathology itself. (medscape.com)

In patients with nonthyroidal disease, TSH secretion is normal or decreased, total T4 levels are normal or decreased, and total T3 levels are decreased to markedly decreased. (medscape.com)
Other less common etiologies of endogenous Cushing's syndrome include ectopic ACTH secretion (EAS ~10%), adrenal adenomas and carcinomas and, more rarely, adrenal primary macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (PMAH) or primary pigmented nodular adrenal disease (PPNAD) ( Table 1 ). (scielo.br)
[ 7 ] The test best suited to distinguish between ectopic corticotropin secretion and Cushing disease is the inferior petrosal sinus sampling test, which helps localize the site within the pituitary for partial surgical resection, if desired. (medscape.com)

Cushing's disease (CD) is a rare clinical condition that is due to ACTH-producing pituitary adenoma, and it is the most common etiology of endogenous Cushing's syndrome after 6 yrs of age (~70%) ( 2 2. (scielo.br)
Finally, we screened for published case reports on pituitary adenoma, pituitary apoplexy, Rathke's cleft cyst, craniopharyngioma and hypophysitis. (medscape.com)

We utilize multidisciplinary and state-of-the art approaches such as radiotelemetry, echocardiography, optogenetics, electrophysiology, in vivo viral gene transfer, molecular biology, Cre-loxP, neuroanatomy etc. to assess cardiovascular and autonomic functions, diurnal rhythms, behavioral neuroscience and neural circuitry in mice. (uiowa.edu)

He was the first to show that Cushing's disease was caused primarily by an abnormality in the anterior pituitary rather than the adrenal glands. (wikipedia.org)

neurodegenerative diseases. (lu.se)

Addison disease (or Addison's disease ) is adrenocortical insufficiency due to the destruction or dysfunction of the entire adrenal cortex. (medscape.com)

COCOA objectives are to investigate the individual and interactive effects of genetics, perinatal environment, maternal lifestyle, and psychosocial stress of mother and child on pediatric susceptibility to allergic diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
Cord blood and blood samples from the child are used to assess whether the child's genes and epigenetic changes influence allergic-disease susceptibility. (biomedcentral.com)
Thus, COCOA aims to investigate the contributions of genetics, epigenetics, and various environmental factors in early life to allergic-disease susceptibility in later life. (biomedcentral.com)
How these variables interact to shape allergic-disease susceptibility is also a key aim. (biomedcentral.com)
The COCOA study will improve our understanding of how individual genetic or environmental risk factors influence susceptibility to allergic disease and how these variables interact to shape the phenotype of allergic diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
Indeed, there are multiple lines of evidence that suggest that exposure to various environmental variables in utero and during early childhood may play a major role in susceptibility to allergic diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
Such challenges, including mixing procedures and transportation of calves to the veal farm, may have a negative influence on growth rate, feed intake, metabolism, immunity and disease susceptibility of calves. (frontiersin.org)
13 Socioeconomic factors have been associated with poorer outcomes and higher disease activity, 14 although it remains unclear whether it plays a role in disease susceptibility or subsequent progression. (lww.com)
Sociality is thus hypothesized to offer fitness benefits by improving health, including reduced susceptibility to infectious diseases. (uni-goettingen.de)

Results In assessing the associations between cortisol and cognition, higher awakening cortisol levels were associated with greater processing speed at baseline. (bmj.com)
Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were used to examine associations between cortisol and survival in models adjusting for disease stage, tumor grade, cytoreduction and age. (elsevierpure.com)

2009). One of the most important measures when assessing the diurnal rhythm for cortisol is the concentration of salivary cortisol levels at awakening compared to levels 30 to 45 minutes post awakening. (salimetrics.com)
Researchers have shown that abnormal diurnal patterns of free salivary cortisol expression through the course of the day correlate with various pre-clinical or symptomatic and disease conditions including Type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, clinical depression, chronic fatigue syndrome, persistent pain, and cardiovascular disease (Chrousos, 2009). (salimetrics.com)
Objective This study aims to investigate the relationship between diurnal cortisol patterns, cognition and Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers in memory clinic patients. (bmj.com)
Diurnal cortisol patterns were assessed using five measures: awakening levels, cortisol awakening response, bedtime levels, the ratio of awakening to bedtime levels (AM/PM ratio) and total daily output. (bmj.com)

Meta-analyses also indicate that depression increases the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (RR = 1.66) and to a lesser extent even cancer (RR = 1.29). (biomedcentral.com)

Moreover, findings advance our understanding of individual differences in the developmental origins of health and disease and provide additional evidence that assessing multiple stress biomarkers contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of individual vulnerability to adversity. (salimetrics.com)
Some of these response variables might be useful as biomarkers of performance of calves at the veal farm as they might provide information about an ongoing disease process, or may predict future diseases. (frontiersin.org)
AD biomarkers Aβ 42 , total tau and phosphorylated tau were assessed from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). (bmj.com)
Thus, it would be both scientifically and clinically useful and informative to sub-categorize patients according to disease-relevant variables including clinical criteria, co-morbidities, biomarkers etc. (cdc.gov)

The prevalence of Addison disease is 40-60 cases per 1 million population. (medscape.com)
White and Arlt examined the prevalence of and risk factors for adrenal crisis in patients with Addison disease, utilizing a survey of Addison patients in the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. (medscape.com)
In the past few decades, the global prevalence of these diseases rose abruptly and there is few signs that this trend is reversing itself. (biomedcentral.com)
The underlying etiology and subsequent prevalence of disease states emphasize the need to assess CAR regulation with the highest levels of precision and reproducibility. (salimetrics.com)
A cross-sectional study problem, both nationally and internationally, due to conducted in the Federal District related the anxiety and the high prevalence and high mortality due to tobacco- depression level with the motivation to quit smoking, related diseases. (bvsalud.org)

This way, a comprehensive fingerprint of the hormonal status in different stages of ACLD and PH will be generated, in order to assess the critical role of humoral and endocrine dysregulations in liver cirrhosis. (meduniwien.ac.at)

Hormones secreted by the hypothalamus cannot be transported to the anterior and posterior pituitary through the pituitary portal system due to the interrupted pituitary stalk. (biomedcentral.com)

Screening for Addison's disease in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and recurrent hypoglycaemia. (medscape.com)

Other causes of primary thyroid failure are rare and include iodine deficiency, antithyroid drugs such as lithium and phenylbutazone, spontaneous hypothyroidism from Graves disease, and congenital causes. (emjournal.net)
The most common age at presentation in adults is 30-50 years, but the disease could present earlier in patients with any of the polyglandular autoimmune syndromes , congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), or if onset is due to a disorder of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. (medscape.com)
Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS) is a rare disease caused by congenital pituitary anatomical defects. (biomedcentral.com)

Nocturnal cortisol may have utility as a non-invasive measure of HPA function and/or disease severity. (elsevierpure.com)

Morbidity and mortality associated with Addison disease usually are due to failure or delay in making the diagnosis or a failure to institute adequate glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid replacement. (medscape.com)
Kyriazopoulou V. Glucocorticoid replacement therapy in patients with Addison's disease. (medscape.com)
Patients were monitored for serum cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), androstenedione (ASD), and clinical and laboratory measures of disease activity such as C-reactive protein and IL-6 concentrations at baseline and after 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of glucocorticoid treatment. (jrheum.org)

Cardiovascular, malignant, and infectious diseases are responsible for the higher mortality rate. (medscape.com)
She completed a pediatric residency at Cincinnati's Children's Hospital Medical Center and a pediatric infectious disease fellowship at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. (cdc.gov)
Exogenous or endogenous stimuli may affect the HPA response, changing an animal's mood, body temperature, appetite, hematopoietic organs, and leucocyte activity, among others, and facilitating the onset of infectious diseases, such as periodontitis 3-4 . (bvsalud.org)

Thomas Addison first described the clinical presentation of primary adrenocortical insufficiency in 1855 in his classic paper, On the Constitutional and Local Effects of Disease of the Supra-Renal Capsules . (medscape.com)
Corticosteroid drugs are used for replacement therapy in Addison disease and secondary adrenocortical insufficiency. (medscape.com)

In 2016 she was awarded a fellowship by the ESRC under the Future Leader's scheme to investigate the biosocial mechanisms linking depression with long term conditions such as coronary heart disease, diabetes, cancer and arthritis. (surrey.ac.uk)
In particular, depression is independently associated with cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality, and is often comorbid with chronic diseases that can worsen their associated health outcomes. (surrey.ac.uk)
The burden of disease for depression goes beyond functioning and quality of life and extends to somatic health. (biomedcentral.com)
Depression is one of the most prevalent diseases globally: 6% of the population meets the MDD criteria at a specific time point. (biomedcentral.com)
Currently, depression is the third leading contributor to the global disease burden, but will rise to a first-place ranking by 2030 [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
This is largely due to the facts that depression is common, has a major impact on functioning and quality of life, and affects persons often in early life and for sustained periods, thereby causing many disease years. (biomedcentral.com)
Over the last 20 years, many studies illustrated the impact of depression on incident somatic disease development. (biomedcentral.com)
These meta-analyses consistently show that depression increases the risk of overall mortality (RR = 1.81) and the development of cardiovascular-related outcomes, such as heart disease (RR = 1.81), diabetes (RR = 1.60), hypertension (RR = 1.42), stroke (RR = 1.34) and obesity (RR = 1.58). (biomedcentral.com)
Epidemiological and clinical studies have found associations between depression and cardiovascular disease risk factors, and coronary artery disease patients with depression have worse prognosis. (plos.org)
We here investigated overlap at the genome-wide level and in individual loci between depression, coronary artery disease and cardiovascular risk factors. (plos.org)
We used the bivariate causal mixture model (MiXeR) to quantify genome-wide polygenic overlap and the conditional/conjunctional false discovery rate (pleioFDR) method to identify shared loci, based on genome-wide association study summary statistics on depression (n = 450,619), coronary artery disease (n = 502,713) and nine cardiovascular risk factors (n = 204,402-776,078). (plos.org)
ConjFDR identified 79 unique loci associated with depression and coronary artery disease or cardiovascular risk factors. (plos.org)
Loci associated with increased risk for depression were also associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease and higher total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein and c-reactive protein levels, while there was a mixed pattern of effect direction for the other risk factors. (plos.org)
Our results showed polygenic overlap between depression, coronary artery disease and several cardiovascular risk factors and suggest molecular mechanisms underlying the association between depression and increased cardiovascular disease risk. (plos.org)
Studies have found associations between depression and both cardiovascular disease risk factors and worse cardiovascular disease prognosis. (plos.org)
We applied novel statistical tools for polygenic architectures to investigate if there are common genes for depression, coronary artery disease and cardiovascular risk factors (body mass index, blood pressure, lipids, type 2 diabetes and c-reactive protein). (plos.org)
We also identified 79 unique genomic variants associated with depression and coronary artery disease or the risk factors. (plos.org)
This combined test helps to distinguish true Cushing syndrome from pseudo-Cushing syndrome (increased cortisol level related to a non-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) disorder, such as depression). (medscape.com)

Objective: Police officers have higher rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality than the U.S. general population. (cdc.gov)
Premature mortality in patients with Addison's disease: a population-based study. (medscape.com)
Although it is a rare condition, the accurate diagnosis and treatment of Cushing's disease is important due to its higher morbidity and mortality compared to the general population, which is attributed to cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus and infections. (scielo.br)
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in women. (knowcancer.com)
Even with treatment, Addison disease may cause a slight increase in mortality. (msdmanuals.com)
The advent of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) has significantly reduced the mortality of the disease, thereby transforming it to a chronic disorder, with significant co-morbid psychiatric sequalae. (who.int)

3, 4 We have continued to use the ITT as our first line test, reserving the arginine test for children with epilepsy or cardiac disease and those under 5 years. (bmj.com)

The mainstay of therapy for inflammatory airway disease is the administration of glucocorticoids (GCs). (everycat.org)
Outcomes of therapy for Cushing's disease due to adrenocorticotropin-secreting pituitary macroadenomas. (scielo.br)

Even after diagnosis and treatment, the risk of death is more than 2-fold higher in patients with Addison disease. (medscape.com)
The aim of this article is to provide information on the early detection and establishment of a proper diagnosis of Cushing's disease, recommending follow-up of these patients at experienced referral centers. (scielo.br)
In the presence of suggestive symptoms and physical findings, a serum TSH test is needed for the diagnosis of primary hypothyroidism, and it serves to assess the functional status of the thyroid. (medscape.com)
[ 1 ] This article reviews basic salivary anatomy and physiology, several important diseases affecting the glands, salivary constituents as measures of health, trends in diagnosis, and the management of xerostomia and drooling. (medscape.com)

Each mother completed questionnaires that assessed IPV experienced during pregnancy and also reported on her infant's behavior problems. (salimetrics.com)
The mothers will complete multiple questionnaires to assess the baseline characteristics, the child's exposure to environmental factors, maternal pre- and post-natal psychological stress, and the child's neurodevelopment, nutritional status, and development of allergic and respiratory illnesses. (biomedcentral.com)

More prospective studies conducted with diverse samples are needed to delineate the direction of this relationship and to assess the roles of the proposed behavioral mechanisms. (medscape.com)

Since then many paediatric centres have abandoned the ITT as a means of assessing growth hormone (GH) reserve although it remains the standard diagnostic test for GH deficiency in adults, in view of its sensitivity and reproducibility. (bmj.com)
The diagnostic criteria included (a) growth hormone deficiency and (b) a triad of an absent or thin pituitary stalk, pituitary hypoplasia, and/or ectopic neurohypophysis visible on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). (biomedcentral.com)
The present review attempts to systematically review the literature for any combination of headache and pituitary or hormone overproduction or deficiency. (medscape.com)

White K, Arlt W. Adrenal crisis in treated Addison's disease: a predictable but under-managed event. (medscape.com)

The onset of disease usually occurs when 90% or more of both adrenal cortices are dysfunctional or destroyed. (medscape.com)
METHODS: Forty-one PMR patients of both sexes with recent onset disease and healthy sex and age matched controls were enrolled into a longitudinal study. (jrheum.org)
3 Males and patients with later age of onset tend to have more severe disease and poorer prognosis. (lww.com)

Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS) is a clinical syndrome characterized by the lack or thinning of the pituitary stalk, pituitary hypoplasia, and/or ectopic neurohypophysis. (biomedcentral.com)

A few hypothyroid patients have been identified who have presumed hypothalamic disease and respond to TRH administration by increasing TSH above baseline levels. (emjournal.net)
In female PMR patients a significant correlation was found at baseline between cortisol levels and duration of disease. (jrheum.org)

In the outpatient setting, when there is no cause to suspect hypothalamic or pituitary disease and in the absence of nonthyroidal illness and of medications that suppress TSH production in the inpatient setting, a normal TSH level excludes primary hypothyroidism from any cause. (medscape.com)

While many studies have investigated the levels of different hormones in patients with advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD), there have not yet been more comprehensive studies, investigating patterns of hormonal dysregulation in different stages of PH and ACLD. (meduniwien.ac.at)
It has been extensively integrated within the scientific field to assess the levels of 'free' steroid and sex hormones, and correlation of these hormones with circulating levels in serum has been well established in the literature. (salimetrics.com)

The occurrence of Addison disease is rare. (medscape.com)
The authors' results indicated that approximately 8% of patients diagnosed with Addison disease require annual hospital treatment for adrenal crisis. (medscape.com)
[ 2 ] concomitant with Addison disease also increase the risk, according to White and Arlt. (medscape.com)
Addison disease is not associated with a racial predilection. (medscape.com)
Idiopathic autoimmune Addison disease tends to be more common in females and children. (medscape.com)
Addison disease is an insidious, usually progressive hypofunctioning of the adrenal cortex. (msdmanuals.com)

There are clinical and historical differences that distinguish primary thyroid insufficiency from pituitary failure. (emjournal.net)
In terms of the clinical factors responsible for patients' fatigue, comorbidities such as anemia, diabetes, heart disease, and even psychological conditions are significant elements. (medscape.com)
Introduction: Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) deregulation is commonly observed in cancer patients, but its clinical significance is not well understood. (elsevierpure.com)
I had the great fortune to study with world renowned neuroscientist, Dr. Dale Bredesen, M.D., at the Buck Institute for Research on Aging in Novato, California and at the Advanced Clinical Training in Treating Mild Cognitive Impairment and Early Alzheimer's Disease with the Institute for Functional Medicine. (caringforthebody.org)

Primary hypothyroidism is virtually the only disease that is characterized by sustained rises in TSH levels. (medscape.com)

Biochemical assessment of Cushing's disease in patients with corticotroph macroadenomas. (scielo.br)

Ten days after starting the injections, periodontal disease was induced in the animals from groups B and S by tying a sterile silk suture thread around the upper right second molar. (bvsalud.org)

Feline inflammatory bronchial diseases (e.g., asthma and chronic bronchitis) are common lower respiratory diseases in cats. (everycat.org)
Padrid P. Use of inhaled medications to treat respiratory diseases in dogs and cats. (everycat.org)
Calves may develop diseases, among which respiratory diseases (e.g., bovine respiratory diseases, BRD) and enteric diseases are most frequently observed ( 10 - 12 ). (frontiersin.org)

expression of mhDISC1, endogenous DISC1, lissencephaly type 1, nuclear distribution protein nudE-like 1, glycoprotein 130, growth factor receptor-bound protein 2, and glycogen synthase kinase-3beta were assessed in cortical samples of newborn mice. (researchgate.net)

Extensive epidemiological and laboratory studies have been performed to identify the environmental causes of allergic disease. (biomedcentral.com)

Main outcome measures We assessed ultrasound measurements of internal reproductive organs, levels of luteinising hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, prolactin, oestradiol and calculated body mass index (BMI). (bmj.com)

Recent methodological and theoretical advances in the fields of disease ecology and eco-immunology make studying the links between host sociality and parasites more feasible. (uni-goettingen.de)

Child pugh scores were compared with serum prolactin levels and the predictive value of serum prolactin was assessed. (jmchemsci.com)

The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) mandates that the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) shall assess whether adequate information on health effects is available for the priority hazardous substances. (cdc.gov)
The developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) hypothesis [ 9 ] postulates that all organ systems undergo developmental programming in utero that shapes the physiology and metabolism of the adult. (biomedcentral.com)
Our research is directed towards understanding neurohumoral control of circulation in health, disease, and aging. (uiowa.edu)
His research is in the area of mucosal immunology, inflammatory bowel diseases, the microbiome in health and disease and the medical humanities, including the language of illness. (ucc.ie)
By adopting treatment decisions and protocols on a risk-group or individual basis, it would be possible to improve animal health and reduce both disease incidence and antibiotic use. (frontiersin.org)
With thousands of scientific publications in peer reviewed literature supporting and validating its use, saliva has held up to scientific rigor and provided both credible and useful information on disease states and overall health. (salimetrics.com)
Always consult Your Own Physician directly concerning any health problem, medical condition, or disease, and before taking any new medication or changing the dosage of medications you are currently taking. (androgel.com)
Gastrointestinal (GI) helminths are a powerful tool to study the links between sociality and health, as they can be assessed noninvasively. (uni-goettingen.de)
Human immunodeficiency virus/ Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), a communicable disease has remained a disease of public health concern. (who.int)

Subsequent autoimmune or related disease in asthma patients: clustering of diseases or medical care? (medscape.com)
This paper describes the background, aim, and design of a prospective birth-cohort study in Korea called the COhort for Childhood Origin of Asthma and allergic diseases (COCOA). (biomedcentral.com)
Many patients with severe asthma are dependent on oral corticosteroids for maintenance control of their disease. (nih.gov)

The current literature on the metabolic mediation of this relationship provides evidence for an association between psychological characteristics and the development of MS, which could eventually increase cardiovascular disease risk. (medscape.com)

CRH is useful in differentiating corticotropin-dependent and independent Cushing syndrome, and it also helps in the investigation of pediatric Cushing disease. (medscape.com)

Anatomy7

Diseases11

Chemicals and Drugs20

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes2

Axis24

Tumors4

Corticotropin-releasi2

Suppression1

Sympathetic2

Disorders8

Inflammation4

Gland5

Secretion3

Adenoma2

Autonomic1

Abnormality1

Neurodegenerative diseases1

Dysfunction1

Susceptibility9

Associations between cortisol2

Diurnal4

Developing Alzheimer's disease1

Biomarkers4

Prevalence5

Dysregulations1

Anterior1

Type 1 diabet1

Congenital3

Severity1

Glucocorticoid3

Infectious3

Adrenocortical2

Depression18

Mortality6

Cardiac1

Therapy2

Diagnosis4

Questionnaires2

Mechanisms1

Deficiency3

Treated Addison's disease1

Onset3

Ectopic1

Baseline2

Nonthyroidal1

Hormones2

Addison Disease6

Clinical4

Primary hypothyroidism1

Cushing's1

Periodontal disease1

Respiratory diseases3

Protein1

Laboratory1

Reproductive1

Methodological1

Serum1

Health9

Asthma3

Cardiovascular disease risk1

Pediatric1