• Internal transcriber spacer (ITS) sequences and several chloroplast markers, rpoB , rpoC1 , and psbA-trnH were sequenced in order to infer a preliminary phylogeny of the genus. (bioone.org)
  • mitochondria, chloroplasts, and unassigned sequences were filtered out. (datadryad.org)
  • Species identification of an unknown sample is achieved by comparing its DNA barcode against reference sequences from authenticated specimens of that species. (nature.com)
  • The effectiveness of the core barcode across a wide range of user scenarios is determined by the properties of the core barcode itself and crucially, by the availability of reference DNA barcode sequences against which unknown samples can be compared. (nature.com)
  • This kit uses PCR and DNA electrophoresis to test for the presence of two different GMO-associated DNA sequences: the 35S promoter of CaMV and the terminator of the nos gene of A. tumefaciens. (flinnsci.com)
  • Students engage in a complete investigation in which they gather sample food items from the grocery store, extract DNA from the samples, amplify the DNA using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and use agarose gel electrophoresis to identify the presence or absence of amplified GMO sequences. (flinnsci.com)
  • This means that when the regulatory sequences are introduced from the bacterium into the plant, the regulatory DNA has to be replaced with those that can be recognized by the plant. (gmo-safety.eu)
  • With this GMO soy plant, standard molecular biotechnological methods were employed in demonstrating that a single complete copy of the bacterial EPSPS gene was present and flanked by two DNA sequences found in the genome of the roundup ready soy plant. (gmo-safety.eu)
  • Sampling included nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer sequences from 489 Robinieae accessions representing all varieties of C. caribaea and 38 of the 40 species of Coursetia, in addition to chloroplast trnD-trnT sequences from 186 accessions. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Phylogenetic relationships in Leymus (Poaceae: Triticeae) revealed by nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer and chloroplast trnL-F sequences. (degruyter.com)
  • Phylogenetic relationships between Hystrix and its closely related genera (Poaceae: Triticeae) based on nuclear Acc1, DMC1 and chloroplast trnL-F sequences. (degruyter.com)
  • In this paper we report the complete chloroplast genome sequences of the angiosperms Nuphar advena (Nymphaeaceae) and Ranunculus macranthus (Ranunculaceae). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Studies on the GM process have shown that the foreign gene inserts invariably damages the genome, scrambling and rearranging DNA sequences, resulting in inappropriate gene expression that can trigger cancer [3, 4]. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • Alignment of sequences was performed for the excised mitochondrial 12S ribosomal DNA sequences, and conserved regions were identified for all 64 mitochondrial genomes. (lookformedical.com)
  • I present evidence from reciprocal crosses, cytoplasmic substitution lines, and cell fusion lines that hybrid weakness and sterility often arise from interactions between the nuclear genome and the chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes. (bioone.org)
  • With the higher throughput of next-generation sequencing, we are able to sequence chloroplast genomes or even entire genomes. (nutraceuticalsworld.com)
  • Chloroplast genomes have been found to be helpful for the identification of Echinacea in a study conducted by the FDA which may indicate future developments in the sequencing space. (nutraceuticalsworld.com)
  • Although chloroplast (cp) genomes continue to be evolutionarily informative, there is very limited information available on orchid chloroplast genomes in public repositories. (plos.org)
  • Though most chloroplast genes are believed to have been transferred to the nucleus during evolution, their genomes have maintained fairly conserved structures and gene contents throughout their evolutionary lineage 1 . (plos.org)
  • While the complete plastid genomes of tobacco and liverworts were the first to be determined, as of April 2017, the complete chloroplast (cp) genomes of 1161 GenBank accessions from land plants have been reported in the National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Organelle Genome Resources (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/browse/?report=5) 2 . (plos.org)
  • The Nuphar [GenBank:NC_008788] and Ranunculus [GenBank:NC_008796] plastid genomes share characteristics of gene content and organization with many other chloroplast genomes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Long SDRs are rare in the genomes assessed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the majority of angiosperm chloroplast genomes two copies of a large inverted repeat (IR) of about 25 kb separate the remainder of the genome into two regions of unique DNA, the large (about 90 kb) and small (about 20 kb) single copy regions (LSC and SSC, respectively). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Comparative chloroplast genomics as well as detailed characterizations of individual chloroplast genomes serve as the basis for functional genomic studies [ 20 ] and can direct attempts at chloroplast transformation for genetic engineering [ 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study we designed a set of PCR primers for the mitochondrial 12S ribosomal DNA sequence based on 64 complete mitochondrial genomes and then tested their efficacy. (lookformedical.com)
  • Genetic isolation of Cape Verde Island P. atlantica was revealed by microsatellite markers and one chloroplast minisatellite marker to individuals of Phoenix from the Cape Verde Islands, P. dactylifera, P. canariensis and P. sylvestris, in order to assess the taxonomic position of P. atlantica within the genus. (wikipedia.org)
  • To investigate the Ns genome donor of Leymus and to elucidate the origin of Xm genome of Leymus , Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to analyze 13 Leymus accessions, together with 14 taxa from related Triticeae genera. (degruyter.com)
  • Relationships among Pseudoroegneria species assessed by RAPD markers. (degruyter.com)
  • The DNA is assessed using specific reliable markers to reveal areas in the DNA that differ among accessions. (uwi.edu)
  • Tagging traits with DNA markers helps produce better cocoa trees in accelerated breeding programs. (uwi.edu)
  • First molecular study to establish proof-of-concept of adulteration of fine or flavour cacao from DNA markers on single cacao beans. (uwi.edu)
  • First successful identification and application of cacao chloroplast DNA markers to trace maternal lineage. (uwi.edu)
  • Best practices have been established for the extraction of quality DNA for characterisation using DNA markers. (uwi.edu)
  • Cladistic analyses based on chloroplast protein coding genes rbcL and rps 4, and the chloroplast encoded trnL (UAA) intron were conducted (1) to investigate phylogenetic relationships among basal peristomate mosses, especially the nematodontous mosses (Tetraphidaceae and Polytrichaceae), and the arthrodontous mosses with pleated endostomes (Buxbaumiaceae and Diphysciaceae), and (2) to make inferences on evolution of the peristome. (bioone.org)
  • We estimate the global BOLD Systems database holds core DNA barcodes ( rbcL + matK ) for about 15% of land plant species and that comprehensive species coverage is still many decades away. (nature.com)
  • Species identification was first conducted under LM and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and is currently been done by eDNA metabarcoding of the V4 region of the 18S rRNA gene and a fragment of the chloroplast marker rbcL. (pensoft.net)
  • DNA barcoding begins with extracting the DNA from a material and then amplifying target regions of the genome (genes) that will allow differentiation. (nutraceuticalsworld.com)
  • The chloroplast genes mat K and rbc L have been proposed as a "core" DNA barcode for identifying plant species. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Specifically, the Plant Working Group of the Consortium for Barcodes of Life has proposed the combined use of short segments of the chloroplast genes mat K and rbc L as a "core" plant barcode [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Increasingly, the collections are also used to extract DNA and thus enable studies of species' relationships, distribution history and population genetics, or to investigate the expression, variation or change of different genes over time. (lu.se)
  • This study represents phylogenetic analyses of two woody polygonaceous genera Calligonum and Pteropyrum using both chloroplast fragment (trnL-F) and the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrDNA ITS) sequence data. (ijbiotech.com)
  • We extracted DNA using PowerSoil DNA Isolation Kits (Qiagen, Germany) following slight modification to manufacturer instructions, amplified the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene using modified primers 515F/806R with Illumina adaptors following the Earth Microbiome Protocol for PCR, and submitted final pooled PCR products to Cornell's Biotechnology Resource Center for quantification, normalization, library preparation, and sequencing. (datadryad.org)
  • As a control for the integrity of the plant DNA extracted from food, PCR is used to amplify a section of the photosystem II chloroplast gene that is common to most higher plants. (flinnsci.com)
  • bombardment of the plant cells with microscopic particles of gold coated with DNA that contains the gene of interest. (gmo-safety.eu)
  • Another regulatory sequence that is introduced into the soy plant is the chloroplast transit peptide gene that is derived from a petunia. (gmo-safety.eu)
  • The role of this gene is to direct the soy plant cell to transport the bacterial EPSPS gene into the chloroplast of the plant cell. (gmo-safety.eu)
  • Once the EPSPS enzyme is in the chloroplast, the chloroplast transit peptide is eliminated for the gene of interest to function. (gmo-safety.eu)
  • Additionally, the novel gene introduced into the roundup ready soy was assessed in the third and the sixth generation of soy plants using biotechnological approaches. (gmo-safety.eu)
  • There is also no evidence that points at the ability of the new gene in GM soy having a potential to integrate into the DNA genome of humans and thus poses no known health hazard. (gmo-safety.eu)
  • To assess both genetic diversity and the probability of gene flow between wild and cultivated types, collections of wild Sorghum bicolor were made from regions in Ethiopia where wild and cultivated sorghum coexist. (cambridge.org)
  • Unlike microbial studies, where analysis of the 16S ribosomal DNA sequence is standard, the best gene for metazoan metagenetics is less clear. (lookformedical.com)
  • Vol 63: Ribosomal DNA Sequence Heterogeneity Reflects Intraspecies Phylogenies and Predicts Genome Structure in Two Contrasting. (lookformedical.com)
  • The use of a short fragment of DNA sequence to distinguish between species -- DNA barcoding -- promises to streamline species identification, thereby enabling scientific research (e.g., studies of community ecology) and practical applications (e.g., monitoring the movement of biological materials across borders). (biomedcentral.com)
  • For 112 Viburnum species, we evaluated rbc L + mat K, as well as the chloroplast regions rpl 32- trn L, trn H- psb A, trn K, and the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (nrITS). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Dna ribosomal. (lookformedical.com)
  • This study compares the results of aerobic culturing and molecular testing (culture-free 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing), and it examines the relative abundance score that is generated by the molecular test and the usefulness of the relative abundance score in predicting the likelihood that the same organism would be detected by culture. (lookformedical.com)
  • Seed stands, seed orchards and plantations were screened against 11 RAPD primers and generated 152 polymorphic DNA l. (metu.edu.tr)
  • A total of 156 clear and reproducible DNA fragments were amplified by 24 RAPD primers, among which 154 fragments (98.72%) were found to be polymorphic. (degruyter.com)
  • For this purpose, 18 different populations were sampled throughout the species range and matK region of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) was sequenced to assess the genetic structure of the species. (metu.edu.tr)
  • Because of potentially undetected species, we assessed the phylogenetic relationships among the eight taxonomic varieties of C. caribaea. (elsevierpure.com)
  • To assess the ability of the proposed two-locus barcode to discriminate closely related species, we carried out a hierarchically structured set of comparisons within Viburnum , a clade of woody angiosperms containing ca. 170 species (some 70 of which are currently used in horticulture). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The ideal DNA barcode would be a single locus that could be universally amplified and sequenced for a broad range of taxa, be easily aligned over large phylogenetic distances, and provide sufficient variation to reliably distinguish closely related species. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Next to descriptive taxonomic work, he's intrigued by the effect of recent technological developments (e.g DNA-sequencing technology) on our understanding of algal species boundaries, global diversity estimates, biodiversity patterns and current taxonomic practices. (marinespecies.org)
  • Pdf background reactive oxygen species play important roles in cell signaling and homeostasis which can induce a chain of reactions such as dna. (web.app)
  • My work focuses on assessing the processes that shape diversity and the ecological implications of variation within microbial species. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • Fingerprinting Theobroma cacao germplasm trees (accessions) is done by extracting the genetic material (DNA) from the leaves of the cacao trees and assessing the DNA to obtain a genotype or genetic fingerprint. (uwi.edu)
  • DNA extraction, amplification, and sequencing: Total genomic DNA was isolated from dried leaf or branchlet (only for Calligonum) of samples using the modified cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) method of Doyle and Doyle (1987). (ijbiotech.com)
  • DNA sequencing using electrical conductance measurements of a DNA polymerase. (genomeweb.com)
  • Biswal D, Konhar R, Debnath M, Parameswaran S, Sundar D, Tandon P. Chloroplast Genome Sequence Annotation of Dendrobium nobile (Asparagales: Orchidaceae), an Endangered Medicinal Orchid from Northeast India. (plos.org)
  • We will thus assess their causal effect on development and nuclear dynamics, and dissect the molecular mechanisms of switch from one to the other. (lpcv.fr)
  • In addition, to optimise the use of wood/wood product identification (taxonomic identity or geographic origin) in support of law enforcement, the guide anticipates upcoming developments to combine different timber identification methods such as wood anatomy, DNA-based methods, stable isotopes, DART TOFMS and NIRS. (researchgate.net)
  • Also, two sectors of matK region were examined to assess which part of the region was more variable. (metu.edu.tr)
  • Agreement on standard barcoding loci has been central in the drive towards the harmonization of DNA barcoding approaches. (nature.com)
  • Phylogenetic information must be incorporated to properly evaluate relatedness in assessing the utility of barcoding loci. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Metabolites as Mediators of DNA Methylation Reprogramming in Bovine Preimplantation Embryos In a lot of cell varieties, epigenetic changes are partially regulated by the availability of metabolites involved inside the train of chromatin-modifying enzymes. (phylocommons.org)
  • The chloroplast regions showed no significant variation within the genus. (bioone.org)
  • Infrageneric relationships in Calligonum, due to the paucity of informative nucleotide sites in both DNA regions are not resolved. (ijbiotech.com)
  • both coding regions on the chloroplast genome. (nature.com)
  • Also, we are investigating the antimalarial properties of Domiphen bromide (DMB) a highly hydrophobic compound predicted to inhibit a key enzyme of the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) pathway, absent in humans and found on the apicoplast organelle, a relic chloroplast of Plasmodium parasites. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • Chloroplasts are specialized intracellular organelles in which photosynthesis occurs, and they originated via an endosymbiotic relationship with cyanobacteria. (plos.org)
  • Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Pre/Post-Test Score _____/100 Standards Assessed: SC.6.L.14.3 - Recognize and explore how cells of all organisms undergo similar processes to maintain homeostasis, including extracting energy from food, getting rid of waste and reproducing. (weihnachten-dresden.com)
  • The zoological community has adopted cytochrome oxidase I (COI) as a DNA barcode that appears to generally fulfill these criteria. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We use a novel in vitro culture approach, optimizing a method to assess bacterial viability in a wound biofilm model. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • As replication is a crucial step to initiate an infection, we have first focused on the study of the differential role of the different P. aeruginosa Ribonucleotide Reductase (RNR) enzymes in bacterial growth within the wound biofilm model, as RNR are essential enzymes in DNA replication. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • The Way forward for DNA Adductomic Evaluation Covalent modification of DNA, ensuing within the formation of DNA adducts, performs a central position in chemical carcinogenesis. (phylocommons.org)
  • It consists of 40 multiple choice questions on everything from the structure of DNA to the interactions within. (lessonplanet.com)
  • Transposition of native chromatin for fast and sensitive epigenomic profiling of open chromatin, DNA-binding proteins and nucleosome position. (genomeweb.com)
  • Groundbreaking work in biochemistry has led to our knowledge of the structure of DNA, RNA and proteins and it holds the promise of further breakthroughs in treatment in the future. (hud.ac.uk)
  • There are reasons to believe GM inserts are more likely to undergo horizontal transfer and recombination than natural DNA [1-4], chief among which is that the GM inserts (and the GM varieties resulting from them) are structurally unstable, and often contain recombination hotspots (such as the borders of the inserts). (i-sis.org.uk)
  • Diatoms, widely recognized as valuable indicators of environmental conditions, offer a unique opportunity to assess the ecological quality of the streams in and around this megacity, as they respond directly and sensitively to specific physical, chemical and biological changes. (pensoft.net)
  • To conduct ecological assessment, the composition of diatom communities has traditionally been characterized by morphological methods and most recently by environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding. (pensoft.net)
  • In this context, our aims are to 1) implement morphological and eDNA metabarcoding methods for the identification and quantification of epilithic diatoms and to assess their seasonal and spatial response in three peri-urban mountain streams from the Basin of Mexico, and 2) develop a metric to assess and monitor the ecological quality in these streams. (pensoft.net)
  • GMDNA contains bits copied from the DNA of a wide variety of organisms, or simply synthesized in the laboratory. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • With GM, however, there's no limit whatsoever: even DNA from organisms buried and extinct for hundreds of thousands of years could be dug up, copied and recombined with DNA from organisms that exist today. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • Nous suivons en parallèle la génétique des populations végétales: structure et diversité y compris à l'échelle du clone- individu, flux de gènes, tests de paternité. (uclouvain.be)
  • We report results of an experiment and computational models designed to assess the effects of light exposure and wavelengths on the structure of the dust microbiome. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Parallel samples from 51 chronic wounds were studied using aerobic culturing and 16S DNA sequencing for the identification of bacteria. (lookformedical.com)
  • We decontaminated samples with package decontam in R (52) using negative controls and DNA yield. (datadryad.org)
  • This examination is meant to assess high schoolers after an entire year course on the living. (lessonplanet.com)
  • The government's scientific advisory committees have repeatedly tried to reassure the public that there is nothing to fear from genetically modified (GM) DNA, but critics disagree. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • DNA is DNA is DNA," said a proponent in a public debate in trying to convince the audience that there is no difference between genetically modified (GM) DNA and natural DNA, "DNA is taken up by cells because it is very nutritious! (i-sis.org.uk)
  • The DNA analysis by S. A. Henderson, N. Billotte and J.-C. Pintaud, demonstrated Genetic isolation of Phoenix atlantica. (wikipedia.org)
  • Paternal DNA Methylation Might Be Related With Gestational Age at Start Background: How epigenetic modifications of DNA are related to gestational age at delivery is just not absolutely understood. (phylocommons.org)
  • Students conduct sophisticated scientific procedures employing multiple levels of controls that allow them to assess the validity of their results. (flinnsci.com)
  • We investigated potential results of differential paternal DNA methylation (DNAm) on offspring gestational age at delivery by conducting an epigenome-wide seek for cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) websites. (phylocommons.org)