• Legionella was first identified after an outbreak of pneumonia involving delegates of the 1976 American Legion Convention at a Philadelphia hotel. (serpins.com)
  • Legionellosis can appear in two distinct clinical presentations: Legionella pneumonia (Legionnaires’ disease) with an incubation period of approx. (serpins.com)
  • Legionella pneumophila is a gram-negative bacillus that most often causes pneumonia with extrapulmonary features. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In 1976, an outbreak of pneumonia affected 221 and killed 34 members of the American Legion who had attended a convention in a Philadelphia hotel. (enetmd.com)
  • Immunological techniques are then commonly used to determine the species and/or serogroups of bacteria present in the sample. (wikipedia.org)
  • The genus Legionella currently has at least 50 species comprising 70 distinct serogroups. (serpins.com)
  • Of the 16 or more serogroups (SG), L. pneumophila SG1 is the most pathogenic and responsible for most cases. (enetmd.com)
  • only a culture will detect infection by non-LP1 strains or other Legionella species and that isolates of Legionella are not obtained, which impairs public health investigations of outbreaks. (wikipedia.org)
  • Molecular Typing of Legionella pneumophila Isolates in the Province of Quebec from 2005 to 2015. (cdc.gov)
  • During the 2006 in- Of the 10,624 samples studied, 4,690 (44.1%) were fl uenza season, this method was used at Vancouver Chil- negative for all pathogens detectable with the assay. (cdc.gov)
  • Legionellae are intracellular pathogens that are found within protozoa in the environment and in alveolar macrophages in humans. (enetmd.com)
  • 2) 'Pontiac fever'-an acute nonpneumonic form of legionella infection that presents as a self-limiting, influenza-like illness. (enetmd.com)
  • The chemical composition of these side chains both with respect to components and arrangement of the different sugars determines the nature of the somatic or O antigen determinants, which are essential means of serologically classifying many gram-negative bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
  • Description: Description of target: Legionellae are aerobic gram-negative facultative intracellular parasites of certain protozoa. (serpins.com)
  • Legionellaceae are Gram-negative bacilli, of which Legionella pneumophila is the principal cause of human infections. (enetmd.com)
  • L. pneumophila multiplies itself at temperatures between 25 and 42 C, with an optimal growth temperature of 35 C. Legionella thrives in warm, stagnant water in the environment and in artificial systems such as cooling towers, evaporative condensers, hot and cold water systems and spa pools that mimic the natural environment in which the organism thrives. (serpins.com)
  • A newly identified organism, Legionella pneumophila , was discovered and named after the outbreak. (enetmd.com)
  • Legionella acquired its name after an outbreak in 1976 of a then-unknown "mystery disease" made 221 people sick and caused 34 deaths. (wikipedia.org)
  • a building's water supply is often the source of a Legionella outbreak. (msdmanuals.com)
  • L. pneumophila SG1 can be further subdivided by monoclonal antibody and molecular typing, which is useful for outbreak investigations. (enetmd.com)
  • To study the role of PGdx in virulence and to assess the requirement of H 2 O 2 -scavenging during the course of infection, both a pgdx single mutant and a pgdx / hktE double mutant of Hib were assayed for virulence in an infant rat model. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Analyses of genome sequences from Legionellales have identified 24 conserved signature indels (CSIs) in diverse proteins including 30S ribosomal protein S8, periplasmic serine endoprotease DegP precursor, DNA polymerase I, and ABC transporter permease, etc. that are specifically present in different species from the genus Legionella. (wikipedia.org)
  • These molecular signatures provide novel and reliable means for distinguishing members of the genus Legionella from all other bacteria and for their diagnostics. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] Although the plating method is quite specific for most species of Legionella, one study has shown that a coculture method that accounts for the close relationship with amoebae may be more sensitive, since it can detect the presence of the bacteria even when masked by their presence inside the amoebae. (wikipedia.org)
  • Of the 50 formally recognized legionella species, L. pneumophila is the principal cause of human infections. (enetmd.com)
  • Following inhalation of contaminated aerosol droplets, legionellae reach the alveoli where they are internalized in macrophage endosomes. (enetmd.com)
  • they are maintained in ecosystems and play a fundamental role in the biological control of bacteria, other protozoa, and mushrooms. (hindawi.com)
  • Consequently, the clinical and environmental prevalences of the bacteria are likely to be underestimated due to the current laboratory methodology. (wikipedia.org)
  • Discovered almost 80 years ago, antibiotics are man-made, synthetic chemicals that kill certain bacteria by interfering with various processes in the synthesis of the cell wall or proteins. (positivehealth.com)
  • Expression of glycosaminoglycan-binding proteins depends on growth and culture conditions in bacteria, and differs in various phases of parasite development. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The convention occurred in Philadelphia during the U.S. Bicentennial year on July 21-24, 1976. (wikipedia.org)
  • Common laboratory procedures for the detection of Legionella in water concentrate the bacteria (by centrifugation and/or filtration through 0.2-μm filters) before inoculation onto a charcoal yeast extract agar containing selective agents (e.g. glycine, vancomycin, polymixin, cyclohexamide, GVPC) to suppress other flora in the sample. (wikipedia.org)
  • New techniques for the rapid detection of Legionella in water samples have been developed, including the use of polymerase chain reaction and rapid immunological assays. (wikipedia.org)
  • The assay was demonstrated to be specific for H. pylori with a lower limit of detection of 100 fg of bacterial genomic DNA. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • [7] While "typhoid" means "typhus-like", typhus and typhoid fever are distinct diseases caused by different types of bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the natural environment, Legionella lives within amoebae such as Acanthamoeba spp. (wikipedia.org)
  • Amebas present in fresh water are a natural reservoir for these bacteria. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The natural worldwide habitats of legionellae are freshwater streams, lakes, thermal springs, moist soil, and mud, where they are found in small numbers. (enetmd.com)
  • With all current information, it is possible to speculate that the differences in amoebas could be associated with the presence or absence of flagella, developed with the expansion of these organisms to different substrates to seek favorable conditions promoting their survival, searching for nutrients from bacteria. (hindawi.com)
  • On January 18, 1977, the causative agent was identified as a previously unknown bacterium subsequently named Legionella. (wikipedia.org)
  • Legionella is traditionally detected by culture on buffered charcoal yeast extract agar. (wikipedia.org)
  • Legionella may be visualized with a silver stain or cultured in cysteine-containing media such as buffered charcoal yeast extract agar. (wikipedia.org)
  • By the late 1800s, it was common medical knowledge that Silver was deadly to bacteria. (positivehealth.com)
  • citation needed] After incubation for up to 10 days, suspect colonies are confirmed as Legionella if they grow on buffered charcoal yeast extract agar containing cysteine, but not on agar without cysteine added. (wikipedia.org)