Amine precursor uptake and decarboxylationMultiple endocrineTumors of the pancreasNeoplasmsPancreaticNeuroendocrine cellsApudomaPancreasSubsetIntestinalCarcinoidInsulinomaNeuralAmountsTypeRareAmine precursor uptakeTumors ariseIsletPearseStem cellsExocrineSyndromesNeural crestCarcinoid tumorsDiffuseAminesOrganTypicallyHormoneCharacteristicBodyLungMultipleProduceRefersMassNormalPatientsSmallFunctionTypesDirectly
Amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation4
- The cells in pancreatic endocrine neoplasms are termed amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation (APUD) cells because they have a high amine content, are capable of amine precursor uptake, and contain an amino acid decarboxylase. (medscape.com)
- however, tumors can originate from any cell of the amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation system and, therefore, produce several intestinal hormones. (medscape.com)
- 1,2,3] They originate in amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation (APUD) cells of the gastroenteropancreatic endocrine system and in adrenal or extra-adrenal neurogenic sites. (medscape.com)
- In 1980, the World Health Organization (WHO) applied the term carcinoid to all tumors of the diffuse endocrine system (synonymous with amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation [APUD] and neuroendocrine cell system). (medscape.com)
Multiple endocrine2
- Carcinoid tumors and related syndromes may be a part of multiple endocrine neoplasia . (medscape.com)
- 8] Approximately 5% of VIPomas are associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 1 syndrome. (medscape.com)
Tumors of the pancreas1
- [ 13 ] APUD cells were once believed to originate from the embryologic neural crest, but current evidence suggests that these cells-and thus endocrine tumors of the pancreas and other endocrine tumors of the upper gastrointestinal tract (eg, carcinoid tumors)-actually develop from the embryologic endoderm. (medscape.com)
Neoplasms7
- Neoplasms of the endocrine pancreas can be divided into functional and nonfunctional varieties. (medscape.com)
- Most pancreatic endocrine neoplasms discovered clinically are functional-that is, they secrete one or more hormonal products into the blood, which leads to a recognizable clinical syndrome. (medscape.com)
- Several other rare clinical syndromes have been proposed as possible functional endocrine syndromes associated with pancreatic neoplasms. (medscape.com)
- Patients with pancreatic neoplasms that have the histologic characteristics of a pancreatic endocrine tumor but no associated elevation in plasma hormone levels (excluding the pancreatic polypeptide level) and those without a recognizable clinical syndrome are considered to have nonfunctional pancreatic endocrine tumors. (medscape.com)
- Although the term islet cell tumor is often used to identify neoplasms of the endocrine pancreas, this is a misnomer because many pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors do not develop directly from islet cells. (medscape.com)
- Functional pancreatic endocrine neoplasms cause physiologic derangements related to the normal action of the hormonal product that the tumors overproduce. (medscape.com)
- Amyloid deposits are not uncommon in endocrine neoplasms and can also occur in pituitary tumors. (scirp.org)
Pancreatic7
- The first report of a hormone-producing pancreatic tumor syndrome was published in 1927, when Wilder et al described insulinoma syndrome in a patient with a metastatic islet cell tumor who had hyperinsulinism and hypoglycemia. (medscape.com)
- [ 2 ] Subsequently, four other classic pancreatic endocrine tumor syndromes have been described. (medscape.com)
- Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) is a product that appears to be a marker for pancreatic endocrine tumors, but it is not a mediator of any specific PP-related clinical syndrome. (medscape.com)
- [ 11 ] Other nonfunctional pancreatic endocrine tumors likely secrete unknown products that are of little or no clinical significance. (medscape.com)
- Pancreatic non-beta-cell hyperplasia is rare but has been reported in children. (medscape.com)
- In pancreatic islets, GLUT2 allows a rapid equilibration of glucose between the extracellular space and the interior of the cells and it may play a crucial role in the glucose signaling mechanism leading to insulin secretion (43). (justia.com)
- pancreatic cells to glucose remains debated. (justia.com)
Neuroendocrine cells3
- [ 12 ] Pearse first used the term APUD in 1968 to unify a group of functionally and structurally similar neuroendocrine cells that are present throughout the body. (medscape.com)
- [ 15 ] Instead, the tumors arise from APUD stem cells, which are pluripotential neuroendocrine cells located within the ductular epithelium of the exocrine pancreas and elsewhere in the distal foregut. (medscape.com)
- Carcinoid tumors arise from neuroendocrine cells, which are widespread in the human body, especially in the organs derived from the primitive intestine (see the image below). (medscape.com)
Apudoma2
- In pathology, an apudoma is an endocrine tumour that arises from an APUD cell from structures such as the ampulla of Vater. (wikipedia.org)
- Neural crest cells are precursors of APUDoma and neurogenic cells. (medscape.com)
Pancreas1
- VIPomas arise from the pancreas in 90% of cases, but they may also be found in periganglionic tissue or at other sites (eg, colon, bronchus, adrenal glands, and liver), especially in children. (medscape.com)
Subset1
- insulin-secreting cells, the basolateral membrane of intestinal and kidney absorptive cells, in hepatocytes and in a subset of neurons (21,31,44). (justia.com)
Intestinal1
- A section (on the right) of an intestinal carcinoid mass arising from the mucosa (150 X). Image courtesy of Professor Pantaleo Bufo, University of Foggia, Italy. (medscape.com)
Carcinoid1
- In 1914, Gosset and Masson demonstrated that carcinoid tumors might arise from enterochromaffin cells (Kulchitsky cell) within glands of Lieberkühn using silver impregnation techniques. (medscape.com)
Insulinoma1
- On the other hand, insulinoma cells that had lost their normal glucose responsiveness have low GLUT2 content, but some glucose sensitivity may be recovered after reintroducing GLUT2 expression through stable transfection of these cells (10,16). (justia.com)
Neural1
- They were historically thought to be derived from neural crest cells, but this has since been shown to be untrue (see neuroendocrine tumor).The term dates back to at least 1975. (wikipedia.org)
Amounts1
- Microscopy: Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed a monotonous population of round to polygonal tumor cells with round to oval nuclei and variable amounts of eosinophilic cytoplasm. (scirp.org)
Type1
- The second neoplasm may have the same or different histological type and can occur in the same or different organs as the previous neoplasm but in all cases arises from an independent oncogenic event. (lookformedical.com)
Rare1
- Rare catecholamine-secreting tumor derived from chromaffin cells. (preparingtobecome.com)
Amine precursor uptake5
- The cells in pancreatic endocrine neoplasms are termed amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation (APUD) cells because they have a high amine content, are capable of amine precursor uptake, and contain an amino acid decarboxylase. (medscape.com)
- An apudoma is any endocrine tumor that arises from an APUD cell (APUD, meaning amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation) properties. (illnessopedia.org)
- These cells share a characteristic feature of the ability to produce peptide hormones and the ability to synthesize amines from certain precursors, which gave rise to the concept known as Amine Precursor Uptake and Decarboxylation. (medscape.com)
- APUDomas or APUD tumors arise from APUD cells which have the ability of amine precursors uptake and intracellular decarboxylation, before converting them into active amines, hence the name, amine precursor uptake, and decarboxylation cells. (statpearls.com)
- however, tumors can originate from any cell of the amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation system and, therefore, produce several intestinal hormones. (medscape.com)
Tumors arise4
- 15] Instead, the tumors arise from APUD stem cells, which are pluripotential neuroendocrine cells located within the ductular epithelium of the exocrine pancreas and elsewhere in the distal foregut. (medscape.com)
- Neuroendocrine tumors arise from cells that originate in the neural crest. (medscape.com)
- Carcinoid tumors arise from neuroendocrine cells, which are widespread in the human body, especially in the organs derived from the primitive intestine (see the image below). (medscape.com)
- Neuroendocrine tumors arise from enterochromaffin cells . (wikidoc.org)
Islet1
- The first report of a hormone-producing pancreatic tumor syndrome was published in 1927, when Wilder et al described insulinoma syndrome in a patient with a metastatic islet cell tumor who had hyperinsulinism and hypoglycemia. (medscape.com)
Pearse3
- 12] Pearse first used the term APUD in 1968 to unify a group of functionally and structurally similar neuroendocrine cells that are present throughout the body. (medscape.com)
- Collectively, the tumors that arose from these cells were classified by Pearse as APUDomas, currently more commonly referred to as neuroendocrine tumors. (medscape.com)
- These cells were originally described by Pearse in the 1960s, to arise from the neural crest. (statpearls.com)
Stem cells1
- [2] This was then disproven by the concept of the origin of APUD cells from multipotent stem cells before being implanted in different body organs, hence the diffuse endocrine system. (statpearls.com)
Exocrine1
- This organ has both exocrine and endocrine tissue. (lecturio.com)
Syndromes1
- Carcinoid tumors and related syndromes may be a part of multiple endocrine neoplasia . (medscape.com)
Neural crest1
- They were historically thought to be derived from neural crest cells, but this has since been shown to be untrue (see neuroendocrine tumor).The term dates back to at least 1975. (wikipedia.org)
Carcinoid tumors1
- Carcinoid tumors are normally found throughout the gastrointestinal tract from mouth to anus , with the highest concentration of cells in the appendix and small intestine . (wikidoc.org)
Diffuse2
- APUDomas, currently known as neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), are a group of heterogeneous tumors that arise from the diffuse neuroendocrine system. (statpearls.com)
- The lung is a primary target of cell injury in patients receiving cytotoxic drugs, and in many cases the reaction is severe enough to produce diffuse pulmonary fibrosis. (nih.gov)
Amines2
- The APUD cells produce peptides and amines that act as hormones or as neurotransmitters throughout the body. (medscape.com)
- The discovery that characteristic amines and peptides associated with these APUD cells were present in the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system resulted in the formulation of the term neuroendocrine to highlight the association between the neural and endocrine systems. (medscape.com)
Organ1
- Although these cells have a common embryological origin, they are distributed to various sites and organ systems throughout the body, where they can give rise to a variety of tumor types that are related by their common embryological origin. (medscape.com)
Typically1
- Furthermore, neuroendocrine cells typically have neurosecretory granules. (statpearls.com)
Hormone1
- Common properties across most neuroendocrine tumors include ectopic hormone production (often via apud cells), the presence of tumor-associated antigens, and isozyme composition. (lecturio.com)
Characteristic1
- Conversely, morphological observations of characteristic types of cell-specific injury in the lung may suggest a likely biochemical mechanism of toxicity for the particular chemical involved. (nih.gov)
Body1
- disruptive ProstateProstate case is to instead all cells as the body. (reconcile-int.org)
Lung3
- Metabolic activation and lung toxicity: a basis for cell-selective pulmonary damage by foreign chemicals. (nih.gov)
- The specific types of lung cells damaged may depend upon factors such as preferential exposure or accumulation of parent compounds and/or metabolites, differences in cellular defense mechanisms, or the specific mechanism of activation of the toxicant. (nih.gov)
- Prior knowledge about the metabolism, disposition and mechanism of bioactivation of a particular compound may allow prediction of the type of lung cell damage it is likely to produce. (nih.gov)
Multiple1
- The second form affects kindreds with the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1) syndrome in a pattern of autosomal dominant inheritance. (medscape.com)
Produce1
- Aplastic anemia is a condition wherein the bone marrow does not produce enough new cells to replenish the blood cells. (illnessopedia.org)
Refers1
- The name " enterochromaffin " refers to the ability to stain the cell with potassium chromate (chromaffin), a feature of cells that contain serotonin . (wikidoc.org)
Mass1
- A section (on the right) of an intestinal carcinoid mass arising from the mucosa (150 X). Image courtesy of Professor Pantaleo Bufo, University of Foggia, Italy. (medscape.com)
Normal3
- Anemia is the disorder that results in having lesser red blood cells than normal, which are needed to function properly. (illnessopedia.org)
- In normal repair, rapid proliferation of Type II cells, followed by differentiation to Type I, restores the epithelial surface without fibrosis. (nih.gov)
- NADPH, reduced glutathione) necessary for normal cell function. (nih.gov)
Patients2
- Solitary tumors that develop in patients without a significant personal or family history of endocrine disorders are characterized as the sporadic form. (medscape.com)
- One download of NAAT arises within two hands the leukemia of M. therein, NAAT arthritis is long add AFB patients. (reconcile-int.org)
Small1
- Well-differentiated NETs are composed of small cells organized in islets, gyriform, and trabeculae, with finely granular cytoplasm, commonly referred to as "salt and pepper" chromatin pattern. (statpearls.com)
Function1
- Regulatory peptides that are released by neuroendocrine cells may function as hormones, neurotransmitters, or as paracrine hormones. (medscape.com)
Types1
- Administration of amphiphilic drugs to experimental animals causes formation of myelinoid bodies in many cell types, accumulation of foamy macrophages in pulmonary alveoli and pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. (nih.gov)
Directly1
- they would, by note-keeping, dynamically be XXY to prevent themselves, first directly one sind at a cell. (reconcile-int.org)