Arise genes insect. Medical search. Frequent questions

Mutations copied an ancestral bitter-sensing gene, giving us multiple versions of this gene in our genomes . (berkeley.edu)
Recently, a group from France has shown that the proteins that make up the coat of braconid polydnavirus particles are highly similar to those of 'nudiviruses' 1 , a group of conventional insect viruses that are capable of integrating their genomes into those of their hosts. (esc-sec.ca)
With the help of the CRISPR/Cas technology, it has been now possible to edit the genes or even whole genomes of many organisms, as there is no requirement for sophisticated knowledge or expensive equipment. (inkwoodresearch.com)
We show evolutionary signatures of termite eusociality by comparing the genomes and transcriptomes of three termites and the cockroach against the background of 16 other eusocial and non-eusocial insects. (nature.com)
In a new study appearing today in Cell , scientists show that a complex three-way symbiosis between an insect cell and two species of bacteria - one an endosymbiont of the other - deeply intertwines the organisms' genomes and physiologies. (quantamagazine.org)
Each of the genomes had lost genes, but together they had the full complement of genes coding for enzymes in biosynthetic pathways for essential amino acids. (quantamagazine.org)
But the two bacterial genomes were missing other genes as well, and although they complemented one another for amino acid synthesis, they seemed unable to make enzymes crucial to other metabolic pathways. (quantamagazine.org)
We investigated twenty insect genomes in order to better understand the evolutionary dynamics of U12-type introns. (ijbs.com)
The emphasis is on how studies of genomes and development help to understand how complex phenotypes arise and evolve. (lu.se)

Part of the reason is that the genes in bacteria and viruses are always changing. (searchamelia.com)
Bacteria and viruses often get from animals to people by way of insects and parasites. (searchamelia.com)
The funding will further long-term investigations by the team of Professor Saskia Hogenhout at the John Innes Centre, on how the virulence proteins, named SAPs, modulate plant processes to promote colonization by the bacteria and their insect vectors. (jic.ac.uk)
Bt corn contains a gene that codes for Bt toxin - an insect repellent protein found naturally in Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) bacteria. (patentlyo.com)
These protective substances are produced by symbiotic bacteria of the genus Streptomyces , which live in these insects. (mpg.de)
The genome of these bacteria is of great interest for understanding the process of genome erosion and elucidating how the cooperation and the mutual benefit between bacteria and their host insects have evolved over long periods of time (PNAS, doi: 10.1073/pnas.2023047118, April 2021). (mpg.de)
The genome of the bacteria Streptomyces philanthi that are associated with the European beewolf Philanthus triangulum has now been studied in detail by a team led by Martin Kaltenpoth, director of the new Department of Insect Symbiosis at the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology. (mpg.de)
Sociobiology looks at how human behaviour is related to the social behaviours of all known social organisms, from bacteria and coelenterates through insects and vertebrates. (melpomeneswork.com)
Those genes had to have been horizontally transferred into the mealybug nuclear genome from bacteria. (quantamagazine.org)
If so, however, it meant that the products of the insect's genes had to move from the host nucleus through five cell membranes (three in Tremblaya and two in Moranella ) to reach the inside of the most deeply nested bacteria, where the peptidoglycans are made. (quantamagazine.org)
Various parasites, bacteria and other disease-causing pathogens are transmitted by insects. (elifesciences.org)
Bacteria sense these microenvironments and adapt by up or down regulating the expression of certain genes to influence different cell processes. (the-scientist.com)
It is easy to forget that bacteria, insects and plants all exceed us in biomass and many species have more genes. (brianwhitworth.com)

For example, if a bird that can call more loudly attracts more mates, then a loud call is an adaptive trait for that species because a louder bird mates more frequently than less loud birds-thus sending more loud-calling genes into future generations. (wikipedia.org)
And when the time is right, the structure may grow out again and take different forms in different species - a wing in an insect, say, or a carapace in a crustacean. (eurekalert.org)
The authors drew their conclusions by analyzing gene expression patterns in several arthropod species, and by eliminating other hypotheses of how the carapace may have evolved. (eurekalert.org)
3. Low in fat -- Many insect species have less than 5 grams of fat per serving. (sciencedaily.com)
6. Abundant -- Some parts of the world have over 300 species of insects. (sciencedaily.com)
Many species possess genes that permit them to live in environments that are 1 to 2 degrees Celsius (about 2 to 4 Fahrenheit) warmer than today, but new genetic mutations must arise to enable survival if climates reach 4 to 5 C (about 7 to 9 F) warmer, as is possible in some regions, particularly if greenhouse gas emissions continue at a high rate. (menafn.com)
The smallest of these insects are no larger than a pencil stub, while the largest species are meatier than a man's thumb. (orionmagazine.org)
If you go outside of 00:03:29.12 fruit flies and extend your observations to other kinds of embryos 00:03:35.26 from even other embryos of other insect species, even other fly species. (ibiology.org)
The species is known to undergo annual long-range migrations in the U.S. Fall armyworm migration is being developed as a model for monitoring the effects of climate change on the mobility of pest insects and is also important for predicting the spread of pesticide-resistance traits that frequently arise in this species. (usda.gov)
Understanding the migration patterns of fall armyworm will facilitate efforts to predict the spread of pesticide resistance traits that repeatedly arise in this species and assess the consequences of changing climatic trends on the infestation range. (usda.gov)
Orfelia fultoni are the only bioluminescent fly species in North America, and the larvae produce the bluest light in the insect world. (atlasobscura.com)
Over 1.5 million living animal species have been described-of which around 1 million are insects-but it has been estimated there are over 7 million animal species in total. (dbpedia.org)
Seeing the variation in the detoxification mechanisms among species and their gene copies gave us important evolutionary insights," said Hanna Heidel-Fischer, a lead author on the study based at the Max Plank Institute for Chemical Ecology in Germany. (missouri.edu)
They left an equally major project open for later biologists: to explain in the language of genes , what species are and how they originate. (berkeley.edu)
At the time, most biologists assumed that all of the members of any given species had practically identical genes. (berkeley.edu)
Dobzhansky began analyzing the genes of wild fruit flies, traveling from Canada to Mexico to catch members of the species Drosophila pseudoobscura . (berkeley.edu)
If there was no standard set of genes that distinguished a species, what kept species distinct from each other? (berkeley.edu)
Dobzhansky ran experiments on fruit flies that demonstrated that this incompatibility is caused by specific genes carried by one species that clash with the genes from another species. (berkeley.edu)
Some gene drives, such as global gene drives, have the potential to reach the entire world population of a target species. (genengnews.com)
In a new study, an international research team found that this genetic colour variation that is shared between several species arose through changes in a specific genomic region at least five million years ago. (lu.se)
Broadly, my research strives to identify how variation arises and the processes by which it sorts into new species, as well as which ecological settings and factors that promote these processes. (lu.se)
Therefore, our study systems often include multiple plant- and insect species that form small interaction networks. (lu.se)

What does this gene/protein do? (cancerindex.org)
What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
Eating bugs may not seem appetizing, but according to experts, insects are a sustainable alternative protein source with nutritional benefits that can't be ignored. (sciencedaily.com)
Eating bugs may not seem appetizing, but according to John Coupland, PhD, CFS, Professor of Food Science at Penn State University and spokesperson for the Institute of Food Technologists (IFT), insects are a sustainable alternative protein source with nutritional benefits that can't be ignored. (sciencedaily.com)
2. High in other nutrients -- Insect protein contains a good range of amino acids and they also contain vitamins, minerals, unsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. (sciencedaily.com)
Mar. 2, 2022 Researchers already knew that insects are an excellent source of protein for humans, but they didn't expect to learn that they have such a positive impact on plants. (sciencedaily.com)
Jan. 11, 2022 Traditional animal farming has fulfilled human nutritional requirements for protein, but insects may serve as an alternative for direct human consumption in the future. (sciencedaily.com)
The project offers the opportunity for a unique protein knock-down technology with many applications in biotechnology and biomedicine that complement existing gene knock-down tools. (jic.ac.uk)
The authors wrote that cardenolides do their damage by inserting themselves into a specific binding pocket on a protein pump that animal cells-including insects-constantly use. (icr.org)
The genes encoding CaaX protein prenyltransferases are considerably longer than those encoding non-CaaX subunits, as a result of longer introns. (biomedcentral.com)
The genomic organization of the human genes that encode protein prenyltransferases is shown in Figure 1 . (biomedcentral.com)
Gene structures and chromosomal locations of human protein prenyltransferase subunit genes. (biomedcentral.com)
(b) genes encoding non-CaaX protein prenyltransferases are much shorter. (biomedcentral.com)
Automatic comparisons of data from expressed sequence tags (ESTs) with genes (for example using the program Acembly, for which the results are available from the NCBI AceView server [ 2 ]) shows that all the human protein prenyltransferase genes have multiple alternative splice variants. (biomedcentral.com)
The chromosomal locations and number of exons from protein prenyltransferase genes in the major eukaryotic model organisms are shown in Table 2 . (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore, gene therapy could be considered as a form of protein therapy. (inkwoodresearch.com)
The protein encoded by the NF1 gene, neurofibromin, normally works, among other things, to regulate the activity of a multifunctional, growth-related protein called Ras. (scripps.edu)
Most eukaryotic protein coding genes are intervened by non-coding sequences called introns ( Int ervening r egi ons ) [ 1 ], which are being removed from the primary transcript in the process of splicing [ 2 - 3 ]. (ijbs.com)

Evidence from over four decades of research in the United States shows the benefits to include a decrease in food-borne pathogens , an increase in the shelf life of some fruits and vegetables, and less fumigant use for controlling insect pests. (faqs.org)
One such Russian-doll merger occurred about 100 million years ago, when the small insect pests called mealybugs acquired a bacterial endosymbiont, Tremblaya . (quantamagazine.org)
The realisation of robust gene drive strategies in vertebrate pests has the potential to revolutionise biocontrol. (mdpi.com)

Similarly, many social insects such as bees and ants rush from their nests when carbon dioxide pours in, but theirs is a charge rather than a retreat: the soldiers deploy to attack whatever creature has its face close enough to generate the chemical alarm. (orionmagazine.org)
In the 1950s, Wilson discovered how the social insects communicate with one another with (through pheromones or smell). (melpomeneswork.com)
The point of this book is to demonstrate, writes Wilson, that the same principles that govern social insects can govern vertebrate animals. (melpomeneswork.com)
Division of labor among social insects maximizes efficiency to ensure that the royal genes make it to the next generation. (the-scientist.com)

There are also potential risks to biodiversity arising from gene flow and toxicity to nontarget organisms from herbicide-resistant (HT) and insect-resistant (Bt) crops. (biosafety-info.net)
Most phylogenetic trees aim to show the relationships among lineages of organisms, but gene trees like this one show the relationships among genes. (berkeley.edu)
This has further given rise to an ethical debate regarding this modification in living organisms' genes. (inkwoodresearch.com)
Moreover, more immediate concerns arise when this technology of CRISPR is being used to modify insects, animals, plants, and micro-organisms. (inkwoodresearch.com)
Dr. Lunshof calls for an urgent review of biosafety and biosecurity protocols for experiments using CRISPR and gene-drive techniques in wild organisms. (genengnews.com)

Territorial behavior arises when benefits are greater than the costs. (wikipedia.org)
Dr. Jeff LaFage taught my graduate course in insect behavior at Louisiana State University with passion and intensity. (orionmagazine.org)

Over time, the number of instructions that arose from a single Pax-6 gene increased, with today's more complex version directing the formation of compound eyes in insects as well as the "camera-type eye" found in all vertebrates. (iflscience.com)
Vertebrates have many different genes that help us sense bitter tastes. (berkeley.edu)
Most vertebrates have three genes for sensing sweet and savory flavors - T1R1, T1R2, and T1R3. (berkeley.edu)
The tree shows that two gene duplication events happened before the ray-finned fish and other vertebrates diverged and that the three gene versions were then inherited by most vertebrates. (berkeley.edu)
In spite of the phylogenetic remoteness of vertebrates and insects and the basic distinction between their respective personal and impersonal systems of communication, these two groups of animals have evolved social behaviors that are similar in degree of complexity and convergent in many important details. (melpomeneswork.com)
This review charts the twists and turns on the road to developing gene drives in vertebrates. (mdpi.com)

Mutations that change the DNA sequence of those genes can also change which foods our different taste receptors respond to. (berkeley.edu)
Then additional mutations in later generations changed the sequences of those copies in different ways, leading to multiple genes sensitive to different bitter molecules. (berkeley.edu)
These gene changes, called mutations, help microbes survive and spread. (searchamelia.com)
These frameshift mutations in probably inactivated genes are indicators of an incipient genome erosion in Streptomyces philanthi . (mpg.de)
We found that the origin of brand-new chemicals in the plant arose through gene duplications that encode novel functions rather than single mutations," said Pat Edger, a former MU post doc and lead author on the study. (missouri.edu)
JUPITER, FL- Neurofibromatosis type 1, a disease that features nerve tumors, an elevated risk of autism, and many other symptoms, has long been tied to mutations in a gene called NF1 . (scripps.edu)
Similarly, mice with mutations in the mouse NF1 gene, compared to normal mice, are leaner, and are more resistant to obesity and have high blood sugar levels when given high-calorie diets. (scripps.edu)
New mutations would arise in the isolated population, and natural selection might help them to spread until all the flies carried them. (berkeley.edu)
By sequencing the DNA of the three colour forms of the bluetail damselfly and comparing it to the two colour forms in its closely related tropical relative Ischnura senegalensis , the researchers were able to demonstrate that this genetic colour variation in females arose at least five million years ago - through several different mutations in a specific genetic region on the damselfly's thirteenth chromosome. (lu.se)

Adaptive traits are those that produce more copies of the individual's genes in future generations. (wikipedia.org)
Such specialization requires changes in several insect traits, which may lead to host race formation if they reduce gene flow among populations that feed on different plants. (lu.se)
These plants duplicated their genome and those multiple copies of genes evolved new traits like these chemical defenses and then cabbage butterflies responded by evolving new ways to fight against them. (missouri.edu)
Synthetic gene drives harness CRISPR/Cas9, a disruptive technology for genome editing, and for the first time provide scientists with a tool that can influence traits of entire populations. (genengnews.com)
We investigate the direct effects of polyploidization on phenotypic traits of importance for plant-insect interactions (e.g. floral scent and morphology), using different ploidy-types of the plant Lithophragma bolanderi as model. (lu.se)

If not, in phenomena such as Haploinsufficiency, aneuploidy or other forms of chromosome abnormality, these gene dosage alterations can cause severe defects ultimately resulting in developmental failures and disease. (mpg.de)
While females have two X chromosomes in their somatic cells, males possess only one X and one copy of the Y chromosome, which contains only very few genes. (mpg.de)
Flies do the opposite: if they are male, the genes on their X chromosome are read twice as much as in females. (mpg.de)
They studied how exactly a group of proteins and non-coding RNAs, namely the MSL complex increases the gene expression of the single X chromosome in male flies to achieve the same dosage as XX females. (mpg.de)
But instead of up-regulating the transcription of one entire X chromosome with several hundred genes, here it only targets individual genes. (mpg.de)
We always wondered how dosage compensation as a process to equalize gene expression of one entire chromosome could arise in the evolution of these insects," explains Asifa Akhtar the main motivation of the study. (mpg.de)
Genes are often organized by function on the chromosome. (sdbonline.org)
The phenomenon of a group of genes with the same function and location on the chromosome signifies a so-called gene complex. (sdbonline.org)
The Enhancer of split complex (E[spl]-C) includes eight genes spread over 50 kilo bases on the Drosophila third chromosome. (sdbonline.org)
The chromosome diagrams and the locations of the genes on the cytogenetic map are according to the NCBI MapViewer [ 67 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The human tryptase gene is encoded on chromosome 16 and codes for four isoenzymes: alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon (Table 1). (medscape.com)

Those results may illuminate how mitochondria and other organelles arose from ancient endosymbionts in the earliest eukaryotic cells. (quantamagazine.org)
Most of eukaryotic genes are interrupted by introns that need to be removed from pre-mRNAs before they can perform their function. (ijbs.com)

Many pathogens rely on their insect vectors for transmission. (elifesciences.org)
This valuable work explores how pathogens can cause hypoxia in insect vectors and how responses to hypoxia can be exploited to promote vector competence. (elifesciences.org)
and prevention of contact with insects, rodents, and other mechanical vectors. (who.int)

These newly found MSL-linked sites in the genome were practically exclusively genes that control fly development and have a direct impact on cellular processes involved in organ formation," For example, we observed malformed wings or diminished eyes indicating that the MSL complex is directly regulating genes such as Wingless, which is a master controller of development," says Claudia Keller Valsecchi, first author of the study. (mpg.de)
Nonfunctional versions of ancient genes that remain in the genome are known as pseudogenes. (berkeley.edu)
We wondered whether the long-term association with the host has resulted in changes in the symbiont's genome or shaped gene regulation and metabolic interactions between the beewolf and its bacterial partners," explains Mario Sandoval-Calderón, one of the first authors of the study, the motivation for this study. (mpg.de)
Using state-of-the-art gene sequencing techniques, the researchers were able to read out the complete genome of the symbiont. (mpg.de)
That led McCutcheon to wonder whether the host insect's genome contained the genes that filled those holes. (quantamagazine.org)
The genomic evidence therefore suggested, but did not prove, that the Moranella endosymbiont might rely on gene products from the mealybug's nuclear genome to make its cell walls. (quantamagazine.org)

Owls eat insects and/or small animals such as rodents. (creation.com)

The diversity of herbivorous insects may arise from colonization and subsequent specialization on different host plants. (lu.se)
Aug. 25, 2021 For home gardeners and farmers, herbivorous insects present a major threat. (sciencedaily.com)

They noticed the accumulation of 'pseudogenes' that arise as a result of a reading frame shift of the coding base pairs. (mpg.de)

The PNAS study authors attributed it to 'convergent evolution,' a term suggesting that the identical genetic substitutions occurred separately 'at least four times' in insect groups over the course of 300 million years. (icr.org)
In Australia & New Zealand, the government agreed to not regulate gene-editing techniques used in plants, animals, and human cell lines that guarantee to not introduce new genetic material. (inkwoodresearch.com)
We found the genetic evidence for an arms race between plants like mustards, cabbage and broccoli and insects like cabbage butterflies," said Chris Pires , an MU Bond Life Sciences Center researcher and associate professor of biological sciences in the College of Arts and Sciences . (missouri.edu)
This process IS NOT THE SAME AS NATURAL BREEDING because artificial genes are not the product of the division and combination of haploid and diploid genetic packets in the male and female cells that mate in the natural reproductive process. (jmanimas.com)
That will present new challenges and call for the use of more advanced genetic tools that could include foreign DNA or gene drives. (genengnews.com)
The question of how and why genetic variation arises and is maintained over long periods of time is of key importance to evolutionary biology, population genetics and conservation biology. (lu.se)
Overall, 15 infants were found to be at risk of genetic conditions that might arise in childhood, 5/32 (16%) ill infants and 10/127 (8%) healthy infants. (cdc.gov)

Other examples of Drosophila gene complexes include the Antennapedia complex (ANTP-C), the bithorax complex (BX-C) and the achaete-scute complex (AS-C). The hallmark of all these gene complexes, including the E(spl)-C is that within any complex the genes are evolutionarily related and jointly regulated. (sdbonline.org)
In Drosophila, the majority of Notch target genes known so far is located in the Enhancer of split complex , encoding small basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins that presumably act as transcriptional repressors. (sdbonline.org)
The problem though 00:03:24.02 with that model arises if you go outside of Drosophila. (ibiology.org)
The EGFP gene, under the control of the actin5C promoter of Drosophila melanogaster was inserted into the Hermes transposable element. (unicamp.br)

the α subunit of FT and GGT1 is encoded by the same gene, FNTA (see Table 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
Haplotype network analyses of sequences from 2 P. knowlesi genes, type A small subunit ribosomal 18S RNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, showed 2 genetically distinct divergent clusters, 1 from each of the 2 regions of Malaysia. (cdc.gov)

The team lead by Asifa Akhtar suggests that the origin of the MSL complex lay in the regulation of these developmental genes and was later reused also to regulate dosage compensation. (mpg.de)
Animal steroid hormones initiate signaling by passive diffusion into cells and binding to their nuclear receptors to regulate gene expression. (biologists.com)
Genes of the E(spl)-C and AS-C regulate neurogenesis and related differentiation pathways. (sdbonline.org)
It seems that the expansion of numbers of genes evolving by duplication to handle the ever increasing complexities of neurogenesis, has been matched by a similar expansion of genes, also by duplication, to suppress or regulate neurogenesis. (sdbonline.org)

Scientists aren't sure why natural selection kept so many of these genes around and functioning, but some think that having many of these genes may allow us to sense and avoid a variety of different toxic compounds in our environments. (berkeley.edu)
To find some answers, scientists dug deep into the genetics and biochemistry of 18 different kinds of insects that all live on cardenolide-producing plants. (icr.org)
The scientists discovered through rigorous experimentation that all 18 insects had certain amino acids substituted with alterations to numbered positions 111 and 122 of the gene that codes for the cellular pump. (icr.org)
Scientists refer to another group of fruit flies as "sitters" - insects that need more sleep. (snexplores.org)
Scientists at Scripps Research have discovered important clues about how that gene disruption may lead to disease. (scripps.edu)

The insects' primary defense is a set of characteristics that evolved to help them avoid such a fate by escaping detection. (orionmagazine.org)

Genes: reduced to the defensive symbiosis? (mpg.de)

This gene encodes a member of the aldo/keto reductase superfamily, which consists of more than 40 known enzymes and proteins. (cancerindex.org)
Each of these individual proteins is produced by a different gene. (berkeley.edu)
Humans, for example, produce 25 separate proteins (encoded by 25 separate genes) that are sensitive to bitter flavors, while rats produce 37 and dogs 16. (berkeley.edu)
These diverse bitter-sensing proteins arose through the process of duplication and divergence. (berkeley.edu)
All genes in the ANTP-C and BX-C code for homeodomain proteins. (sdbonline.org)
The five genes described in this paper are arrayed between mbeta and m7 , both coding for bHLH proteins. (sdbonline.org)
Once injected, the virus gains access to various host tissues where some of its genes are expressed, leading to the synthesis of viral proteins that do the dirty work, i.e., depress the host immune response and perturb host development. (esc-sec.ca)
Insect genes that harbor U12-type introns belong to several functional categories among which proteins binding ions and nucleic acids are enriched and these few categories are also overrepresented among these genes that preserved minor type introns in Diptera . (ijbs.com)

In vertebrate eyes, developmental processes are controlled by four Pax-6 splicing variants, with each influencing different genes downstream. (iflscience.com)

Pine wood nematodes, as well as other pathogens, can exploit the biological processes of the insects carrying them to make the insects transmit them more effectively. (elifesciences.org)

Cells in symbiotic partnership, nested one within the other and functioning like organelles, can borrow from their host's genes to complete their own metabolic pathways. (quantamagazine.org)
Horizontal transfers can move a few genes between cells, but the chances of horizontally acquiring the complete suite of genes for a complex metabolic pathway are vanishingly small. (quantamagazine.org)
This in turn leads to widespread metabolic disruptions, including a markedly higher metabolic rate-essentially a faster consumption of energy-in these insects. (scripps.edu)

These creatures lack standard insect defenses - they have no stench, toxin, or sting. (orionmagazine.org)
But at the same time, clever insects like cabbage butterflies worked to counter these defenses, which then started an arms race between the plants and insects. (missouri.edu)
Pires and his colleagues identified three significant evolutionary waves over 80 million years, where plants developed defenses and insects evolved counter tactics. (missouri.edu)
Given sufficient amounts of time the insects repeatedly developed counter defenses and adaptations to these new plant defenses. (missouri.edu)

And even though 00:05:14.01 bicoid as an RNA or a gene product was a newly evolved solution 00:05:19.25 to the problem of patterning in the embryo and arose during the evolution 00:05:23.17 of the Diptera, all of these insects here share the common feature 00:05:29.13 that their anterior/posterior patterning depends on bicoid. (ibiology.org)

Four independent fall armyworm colonies derived from widely separated populations in Mexico were examined for their mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene haplotypes and compared to other locations. (usda.gov)
He found that different populations of D. pseudoobscura did not have identical sets of genes. (berkeley.edu)
The widespread use of these products has led to the development of pesticide resistance in many insect populations ( Roush and Tabashnik 1990 ). (ucanr.edu)

The Commission will investigate herbicides for crops such as cereals, beets and oilseed rape, as well as insecticides, particularly those used to fight "chewing insects. (politico.eu)

Professor Hogenhout said: "Throughout my career I have worked on insect-vectored pathogens like phytoplasmas. (jic.ac.uk)

During this process, the vertebrate lineage was diversifying with mammals, birds, turtles, etc. splitting off at different points and winding up with different numbers of bitter-sensing genes. (berkeley.edu)
These three genes are the result of an ancient case of duplication and divergence that occurred more than 400 million years ago, before any vertebrate set foot on dry land. (berkeley.edu)
In the 1970s, Wilson took what he had learned from insect behaviour, and applied it to vertebrate animals, including humans. (melpomeneswork.com)

How novel structures arise is a central question in evolution," Bruce says. (eurekalert.org)
Utah State University biologist Zach Gompert, with colleagues from the University of Sheffield, the University of Connecticut, the University of Notre Dame and Simon Frazier University, publish findings about natural selection and the predictability of evolution, based on studies of these insects, in the Feb. 16, 2018, issue of the journal Science . (phys.org)
We used a rare and unique data set of 25 years of field data documenting the evolution of cryptic body coloration in terms of frequencies of three 'morphs' - flavors, if you will - of stick insects," says Gompert, assistant professor in USU's Department of Biology and the USU Ecology Center. (phys.org)
Our findings support previous discoveries and suggest evolution of morph frequencies in these stick insects is indeed a result of selection," Gompert says. (phys.org)
Instead, I'd like to introduce you to what I consider the coolest product of insect evolution: the use of symbiotic viruses by parasitic wasps to manipulate the physiology of their caterpillar hosts. (esc-sec.ca)
Since then, evolution has led to the replacement of the original nudiviral virulence genes by other genes that are usefull to the wasp during parasitism. (esc-sec.ca)
No scientific experiment has verified the second possibility, but no experiment showed that these systems arose by convergent evolution either. (icr.org)
2012. Community-wide convergent evolution in insect adaptation to toxic cardenolides by substitutions in the Na,K-ATPase. (icr.org)
These are accompanied by major changes in gene regulation and the molecular evolution of caste determination. (nature.com)
U12-type introns, minor spliceosome, insect evolution. (ijbs.com)
In these networks, we study plant and insect trait evolution, and the role of trait diversification for gene flow and local adaptation. (lu.se)
Evolution affects biology at all levels - from genes to ecosystems. (lu.se)

Downregulated transcripts were found for the ATM interactome component Usp2, many non-coding RNAs, ataxia genes Itpr1, Grid2, immediate early genes and immunity factors. (bvsalud.org)

The males lack visible colour forms, but the researchers plan to investigate whether the colour gene affects other characteristics of the larvae and males, including survival and behaviors. (lu.se)

Conversely, loud calling birds may attract the attention of predators more often, decreasing their presence in the gene pool. (wikipedia.org)
And finally, gryllacridids are strictly nocturnal, avoiding the visually oriented birds that constitute the primary predators of many insects. (orionmagazine.org)
These insects are cryptic, meaning they visually blend into their surroundings to hide from hungry predators," Gompert says. (phys.org)

Insects rely heavily on instinct, which serves them well. (orionmagazine.org)

Deforestation increases the chances that humans come in contact with forest-dwelling creatures and insects," she explains. (searchamelia.com)
Few, if any, of these virulence genes are expressed in the wasp, which probably explains why the wasp is asymptomatic. (esc-sec.ca)

However, in a new study from the Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL), Research Associate Heather Bruce and Director Nipam Patel provide evidence for an alternate view: The carapace, along with other plate-like structures in arthropods (crustaceans, insects, arachnids, and myriapods) all evolved from a lateral leg lobe in a common ancestor. (eurekalert.org)
According to a new study , humans and cephalopods evolved the same eyes through tweaks to the same gene -- even though their eyes arose independently of ours. (iflscience.com)
In other words, the study authors ignored all non-evolutionary explanations for how these remarkably specific DNA differences arose. (icr.org)
Paul Shaw, a neuroscientist from Washington University in St. Louis who worked on the study, described the insects to Science N ews as "über-duper super flies. (snexplores.org)
Our study clarifies when, how and why this variation arose, and shows that this variation has been maintained over long evolutionary time periods through so-called balanced natural selection", says Erik Svensson, biology professor at Lund University. (lu.se)

The great colour variation in insects fascinates the general public, and raises questions about the function of colour signals and its evolutionary consequences for partner choice and conflicts between the sexes", says Erik Svensson. (lu.se)

For the first time, they were able to show that the MSL complex also controls essential developmental genes on other chromosomes. (mpg.de)
It has to be ensured that genes on these chromosomes are read equally to generate the same amount of output. (mpg.de)
In the early embryonic development of a female mammal, one of the two X chromosomes is inactivated so that its genes are not read twice as often as in males. (mpg.de)
Genes, chemical features present on chromosomes inside cells, determine many properties of an organism. (snexplores.org)

In flies, the MSL complex has emerged as a molecular balancing mechanism to ensure the same amount of gene output in both sexes. (mpg.de)
Rovers" are fruit flies that can tolerate sleep deprivation, thanks to a change in one of their genes. (snexplores.org)
Among fruit flies, a gene called foraging determines how well the animal can function with little sleep. (snexplores.org)
Some of their new genes would turn out to be incompatible with the genes of flies from outside their own population. (berkeley.edu)
If the flies were now to come out of their isolation, they could live alongside the other insects but still continue mating only among themselves. (berkeley.edu)

However, it is becoming increasingly clear that polydnaviruses arose from 'conventional' viruses. (esc-sec.ca)

Unlike the other E(spl)-C genes, the gene is expressed within neuronal cells in the embryo. (sdbonline.org)

Genes encoding antibodies from the most resistant mice would be identified, sequenced and combined in Dr. Esvelt's lab. (genengnews.com)
False-positive results may arise from the presence of heterophilic antibodies in the patient's serum. (medscape.com)

Included in that is the powerful and precise RNA-guided CRISPR gene drive. (genengnews.com)
Using CRISPR technology, they would incorporate these beneficial genes creating a population of highly resistant mice. (genengnews.com)

This gene may be useful for insect resistance, like the Bt genes , or useful for other agricultural purposes. (biofortified.org)
Gene drives have enormous potential to address challenges in public health and important agricultural and conservation issues says The National Academy of Science (NAS) in a recently released report, "Gene Drives On the Horizon. (genengnews.com)

EGFP was transmitted in a Mendelian fashion to the G2 and G3 generations and molecular analysis confirmed the presence of the Hermes[actin5C:EGFP] gene in these insects. (unicamp.br)

One possibility is that they reduce the amount of oxygen being supplied to the trachea - a phenomenon known as hypoxia - which occurs naturally at specific stages in the life of an insect, and during infections. (elifesciences.org)

Humans appreciate a wide variety of tastes because of our omnivorous evolutionary history and the genes we carry that allow us to sense sweet, salty, sour, bitter, and umami (i.e., savory) flavors. (berkeley.edu)
En el llenguatge col·loquial, se sol utilitzar el terme «animal» per referir-se a tots els animals excepte els humans, però s'ha de tenir en compte que des d'un punt de vista científic l'ésser humà és una espècie més del regne Animàlia. (dbpedia.org)
Even so, it was believed that humans were created apart from animals, so no-one asked " How did mankind arise? (brianwhitworth.com)

A green morph of the Timema genus of stick insects. (phys.org)
A melanistic or dark brown morph of the Timema genus of stick insects. (phys.org)

Usually, there is a motive that arises from the commercial desire to reduce the cost of production, such as making a plant food product easier to harvest, or more resistant to a disease or insect predator. (jmanimas.com)

For example, in felines, a mutation turned the T1R2 gene off - and with it, cats' appetite for sweets. (berkeley.edu)
The mutation that caused the wholesale deletion of this gene occurred in an ancestor of birds that likely lived while massive dinosaurs still walked the earth and was then passed down to all living birds. (berkeley.edu)
Etiology in many cases of mastocytosis involves an activating mutation (D816V) in the gene coding for the stem cell factor receptor c-kit, which is present on mast cells. (msdmanuals.com)

Birds lack any remnant of T1R2 - even a non-functioning one - and so, as a general rule, don't favor sweet foods, preferring seeds, plants, insects, worms, and other small animals. (berkeley.edu)
But many insects eat poisonous plants and survive. (icr.org)
the genes added to the GMO plants did not change the properties of corn starch or sugar. (biofortified.org)

4. Good for the environment -- Insect farming can be a more sustainable practice because insects don't need much space, can live under all sorts of conditions and easy to feed. (sciencedaily.com)
Most microbes-and the insects that carry them-can only live within a narrow range of conditions. (searchamelia.com)
Both types of the green stick insects live on green foliage, while the brown insects live on brown stems. (phys.org)

This is because, over the course of its evolutionary history, the feline lineage lost a functional gene to detect sweet flavors. (berkeley.edu)

malpha and m4 embyonic expression patterns are nearly indistinguishable, and appear very similar to those of E(spl)-C bHLH genes, particularly m5, m7 and m8 . (sdbonline.org)
The expression patterns suggest that both genes are under the same regulatory control as are the E(spl) bHLH genes and thus, might play a part in Notch mediated cell differentiation. (sdbonline.org)

Dramatic adaptive changes in genes underlying the production and perception of pheromones confirm the importance of chemical communication in the termites. (nature.com)

They also noticed that although those genes sat inside the nuclei of the insect host cells, many of them had clearly not started out as mealybug genes because they coded for synthesizing peptidoglycans, the main components of bacterial cell walls. (quantamagazine.org)

Anatomy14

Organisms61

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs24

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment4

Psychiatry and Psychology8

Phenomena and Processes30

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Information Science4

Health Care7

Genomes9

Bacteria13

Species22

Protein18

Pests3

Social insects4

Organisms5

Behavior2

Vertebrates6

Mutations9

Traits5

Chromosome11

Eukaryotic2

Vectors3

Genome6

Rodents1

Herbivorous insects2

Pseudogenes1

Genetic7

Drosophila4

Subunit2

Regulate4

Scientists5

Defense1

Symbiosis1

Proteins8

Splicing variants1

Nematodes1

Metabolic3

Defenses4

Diptera1

Populations3

Crops1

Pathogens1

Vertebrate3

Evolution12

RNAs1

Researchers1

Predators3

Rely1

Explains2

Study5

Variation1

Chromosomes4

Flies5

Viruses1

Embryo1

Antibodies2

CRISPR2

Agricultural2

Molecular1

Naturally1

Humans3

Genus2

Predator1

Mutation3

Plants3

Live3

Flavors1

Expression patterns2

Pheromones1

Bacterial1