Appear sex chromatin. Medical search. Frequent questions

There is evidence of complex quantum electrodynamic operations in chromatin - the form of DNA operative when the cell isn't replicating (thus dividing its DNA into chromosomes). (wordnik.com)
The DNA-protein complex of cell nuclei, chromatin , is condensed to chromosomes during cell division. (wordnik.com)
Across species, different sexes are often characterized by different types and numbers of sex chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
In order to neutralize the large difference in gene dosage produced by differing numbers of sex chromosomes among the sexes, various evolutionary branches have acquired various methods to equalize gene expression among the sexes. (wikipedia.org)
Because sex chromosomes contain different numbers of genes, different species of organisms have developed different mechanisms to cope with this inequality. (wikipedia.org)
Different lineages have evolved different mechanisms to cope with the differences in gene copy numbers between the sexes that are observed on sex chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
One logical way to equalize gene expression amongst males and females that follow a XX/XY sex differentiation scheme would be to decrease or altogether eliminate the expression of one of the X chromosomes in an XX, or female, homogametic individual, such that both males and females then express only one X chromosome. (wikipedia.org)
H2AX is required for chromatin remodeling and inactivation of sex chromosomes in male mouse meiosis. (nature.com)
For example, sex chromosomes contribute independently to sex biases in gene expression, although the specific sex chromosome-linked genes and their downstream targets have not been elucidated. (springer.com)
Research has established the broad mammalian developmental plan that genes on the sex chromosomes influence gonad development which determines gonadal hormone production (or its absence) leading to modification of the genitalia and simultaneously biasing the nervous system to organize adult sexual behavior. (hawaii.edu)
A second milestone can be considered the findings, in 1956 by Tjio and Levan , that the typical human chromosomal complement contained 46 chromosomes: 44 autosomes and the sex chromosomes, XX for females and XY for males. (hawaii.edu)
These now-classic papers, along with many others, established the broad developmental plan that, at least for mammals, the following pathway occurs: genes on the sex chromosomes influence gonad development which determines gonadal hormone production (or its absence) leading to modification of the internal and external genitalia and simultaneously biasing the nervous system to organize adult sexual behavior (see e.g. (hawaii.edu)
Sex Chromosomes. (nehannn.com)
as applied in this study, the sex chromosomes (X,Y) and chromosome 8 were targeted. (cdc.gov)
The development of genetic sex determination and cytologically distinct sex chromosomes leads to the potential problem of gene dosage imbalances between autosomes and sex chromosomes and also between males and females. (ijmra.us)
During meiosis, gene expression is silenced in aberrantly unsynapsed chromatin and in heterogametic sex chromosomes. (huji.ac.il)
To determine whether this is due to aberrant synapsis or loss of continuity of sex chromosomes, we engineered Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes with non-translocated, bisected X chromosomes. (huji.ac.il)
Consistent with this, FISH analysis of the karyotype revealed n = 29 chromosomes and a WZ/ZZ (female/male) sex chromosome system. (bvsalud.org)
Molecular cytogenetics, sex chromosomes of Lepidoptera. (cas.cz)
Dalíková M. , Vítková M. , Neven L.G., Nguyen P. , Šíchová J. , Fuková I. , Marec F. (2009) BAC clones as a tool for the study of the codling moth sex chromosomes. (cas.cz)
Central questions we address are: Which chromosomes are the sex chromosomes and what genes do they contain among which is the master switch? (biomatix.org)

Thus, human females have the same number of expressed X-linked genes per cell as do human males (XY), both sexes having essentially one X chromosome per cell, from which to transcribe and express genes. (wikipedia.org)
Some lineages have evolved dosage compensation, an epigenetic mechanism which restores expression of X or Z specific genes in the heterogametic sex to the same levels observed in the ancestor prior to the evolution of the sex chromosome. (wikipedia.org)
Our study reveals sex-biased histone modifications, underscoring the potential for the sex chromosome complement to prime the genome differently in early development with consequences for later expression biases. (springer.com)
During meiosis, the X chromosome in both sexes exhibits a striking reduction of histone modifications that correlate with transcriptional activation when compared with the genome as a whole. (biologists.com)
The X chromosome in XO males is structurally analogous to the sex body in mammals, contains a histone modification associated with heterochromatin in other species and is inactivated throughout meiosis. (biologists.com)
Silencing of the sex chromosome during early meiosis is a conserved feature throughout the nematode phylum, and is not limited to hermaphroditic species. (biologists.com)
In the interphase nucleus, a condensed mass of chromatin representing an inactivated X chromosome. (nih.gov)
Each X CHROMOSOME , in excess of one, forms sex chromatin (Barr body) in the mammalian nucleus. (nih.gov)
Characteristics of X‑ and Y‑chromosome specific regions of the amelogenin gene and a PCR‑based method for sex identification in red deer (Cervus elaphus). (jfds.org)
Initiation of sex chromosome silencing is disrupted in meiocytes with sex chromosome-autosome translocations. (huji.ac.il)
Therefore, our results suggest that sex chromosome chromatin has a unique character that facilitates its meiotic expression when its continuity is lost, regardless of whether or not it is synapsed. (huji.ac.il)
Note that because (a) the male Y chromosome has few genes on it and (b) one X chromosome is largely inactivated in females, normal males (XY) and females (XX) are quite similar in terms of sex chromosome function: i.e., most of the genes that are expressed will come from a single active X chromosome. (blogspot.com)
You can go further and create genetically modified mice in which chromosome status and biological sex are dissociated. (blogspot.com)
Resolving Sex Chromosome Assembly -- Brief History And Current Advances. (biomatix.org)
Both phenotypic and genotypic sex influence sex chromosome dosage compensation in a sex reversing lizard. (biomatix.org)

6. The Chromatin State during Gonadal Sex Determination. (nih.gov)
15. Expression profiling of purified mouse gonadal somatic cells during the critical time window of sex determination reveals novel candidate genes for human sexual dysgenesis syndromes. (nih.gov)
Sivagami AV, Rao AR, Varshney U. A simple and cost‑effective method for preparing DNA from the hard tooth tissue, and its use in polymerase chain reaction amplification of amelogenin gene segment for sex determination in an Indian population. (jfds.org)
Forensic study of sex determination using PCR on teeth samples. (jfds.org)
Gonadal supporting cells acquire sex -specific chromatin landscapes during mammalian sex determination. (docslib.org)
The molecular mechanisms of sex determination in moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera) with female heterogamety (WZ/ZZ) are poorly understood, except in the silkworm Bombyx mori. (bvsalud.org)
In this work, we investigated the role of the Masc gene in sex determination of the codling moth Cydia pomonella (Tortricidae), a globally important pest of pome fruits and walnuts. (bvsalud.org)
These data suggest that the exact spatial arrangement of the nucleoprotein complex organized by SRY is essential for sex determination. (unisr.it)
Aim: The study aims to find the efficacy of methylene blue and Papanicolaou staining in sex determination with the help of Barr bodies. (jrmds.in)
We are using novel genetic, molecular and cytological approaches to build a picture of the mechanisms of sex determination in the central bearded dragon, Pogona vitticeps and other squamates. (biomatix.org)
Sex determination in reptiles - lessons from the dragon lizard and challenges for the future. (biomatix.org)
Long-read sequencing technologies and sex determination - on the cusp of a wave of new discovery? (biomatix.org)
Plenary: Evolution of sex determination mechanisms. (biomatix.org)
9th International Symposium on the Biology of Sex Determination. (biomatix.org)
Polygenic sex determination in vertebrates - is there any such thing? (biomatix.org)
Three dimensions of thermolabile sex determination. (biomatix.org)

Upon differentiation of ES cells to cardiac precursors, we found sex-biased expression of key transcription and epigenetic factors, some of which persisted from the undifferentiated state. (springer.com)
Expression pattern of new genes regulating female sex differentiation and in vitro maturational status of oocytes in pigs. (docslib.org)
Our long-term goal is to develop predictive models of gene function with a specific focus on sex differentiation in the germline. (nih.gov)
Gene expression of male pathway genes sox9 and amh during early sex differentiation in a reptile departs from the classical amniote model. (biomatix.org)

Figure 2: Optimization of MNase treatment for sperm chromatin isolation (Steps 29-34). (nature.com)
Third, damage of sperm chromatin integrity was considerably less frequent in Greenlandic Inuits compared with that in European groups, and only in the latter was impairment of sperm chromatin integrity related to POPs. (nih.gov)
With the goal of incorporating measures of sperm nuclear integrity in an epidemiology study, semen samples from young Czech men were analysed for sperm aneuploidy and sperm chromatin structure in addition to routine measures of sperm production and quality. (cdc.gov)
The sperm chromatin structure assay detects sperm nuclei with increased susceptibility to denaturation, a feature that is associated with DNA damage. (cdc.gov)
The sperm chromatin structure assay provided valuable baseline information about Czech semen donors and data suggestive of an adverse effect of smoking and air pollution on spermatozoa that merits further investigation. (cdc.gov)

In this system gene expression of sex-specific loci is reduced in the heterogametic sex i.e. the females in ZZ/ZW systems and males in XX/XY systems. (wikipedia.org)
In this work, we investigated the role of Prdm14 in establishing sex-specific gene expression networks. (springer.com)
We generated sex-specific co-expression networks from mouse ES cells, examined the presence of sex-specific chromatin domains, and analyzed previously published datasets from different developmental time points to characterize how sex-biased gene expression waxes and wanes to evaluate whether sex-biased networks are detectable throughout heart development. (springer.com)
Moreover, certain histone variants and modifications remain present in regulatory sequences of subsets of genes in spermatozoa, providing opportunities for paternal inheritance of chromatin states and epigenetic control of gene expression in the subsequent generation. (nature.com)
Trevor K. Archer, Ph.D., is Deputy Director of NIEHS and head of the Chromatin and Gene Expression Group. (nih.gov)
Studies of mice and other species have, however, demonstrated differences in gene expression between males and females, and these affect tissues other than the sex organs, including the brain. (blogspot.com)
When this is done, many of the sex differences in gene expression disappear, confirming the importance of hormones. (blogspot.com)

The group studies chromatin remodeling complexes, epigenetics, and embryonic stem cell pluripotency. (nih.gov)
While this research has developed along multiple avenues, efforts in the areas of chromatin & epigenetics, and stem cell biology have become particularly intense. (nih.gov)

Recent studies in non-mammalian model organisms have reported sex-biased expression at stages in which visible phenotypic differences between the sexes have not yet become apparent [ 17 ]. (springer.com)

Benayoun and Kim are optimistic that their data will provide a valuable resource for other scientists to explore the underlying mechanisms behind sex differences in immune responses and examine the possibility of tailoring treatments based on sex-related immune characteristics. (usc.edu)
Building upon their previous studies of how aging affects immunity, a team led by scientists at The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, Connecticut, looked deeper into the underlying molecular and genetic mechanisms behind sex differences in immunity at different stages of life. (nih.gov)

but with the exception of these cytoplasmic genetic factors, the nuclear DNA of the chromatin is believed to contain all the genetic information required to code for the development of an adult organism. (wordnik.com)
These imbalances have not been explained at either the genetic or developmental level and indicate that sex is an important biological variable during early embryogenesis. (springer.com)
Buccal smear (cells from oral mucosa) determines genetic sex (a male sex chromatin pattern). (doctorlib.info)
Subsequent screening for sex specificity and genetic variation using publicly available data and RT-PCR revealed three male-specific splice variants. (bvsalud.org)
Although phenotypic sex is genetically determined, genetic sex can be overridden by environmental factors, thus leading to a discordance between the two. (clinicalgate.com)
The structure of chromatin and its influence on genetic regulation can be heritable, and this heritability forms the basis of epigenetic forms of genome regulation. (biomedcentral.com)

In non-dividing cells, DNA is associated with proteins to form the so-called chromatin , with more condensed "heterochromatin" at the periphery and less condensed "euchromatin" in the interior. (wordnik.com)
At the end of mammalian spermatogenesis, chromatin in differentiating germ cells is extensively remodeled, with the majority of nucleosomes being removed and ultimately exchanged by highly basic proteins named protamines. (nature.com)
In human cells, DNA is organized with the aid of small basic proteins, histones, to form chromatin. (nih.gov)
Theorists can now attempt to explain (and continue to fail to explain) how mutations are linked to biodiversity via the Evolution of High Mobility Group Nucleosome-Binding Proteins and Its Implications for Vertebrate Chromatin Specialization . (scentoferos.com)

14. Female-to-male sex reversal in mice caused by transgenic overexpression of Dmrt1. (nih.gov)
When a nurse requires ability to man- paid less prestigious occupations, and ver- partner man or a general rise in perspective through which it views to be growing in importance, how- ever, using a v y advancement of the male sex role, rather than rich men than in the bladder it is tethered by the modalities listed above without the need to risk is greatest in the. (ben.edu)

This and the stoichiometry of the tetramer implied a unit of structure in chromatin based on two each of the four histones, or an (H2A) 2 (H2B) 2 (H3) 2 (H4) 2 octamer. (wordnik.com)
The nucleosome, comprising 147 base pairs of DNA and 2 copies each of histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4, is the fundamental organizing principle of chromatin. (nih.gov)
In cardiomyocytes, disturbances to metabolic fluxes can dynamically change the state of chromatin by modifying histones. (ox.ac.uk)

A buccal smear was positive for sex chromatin. (medscape.com)
Elevated pituitary gonadotropin levels should be further investigated by a buccal smear for sex chromatin to elevate the possibility of Klinefelter's syndrome. (med-life.net)

Fuková I. , Neven L. G., Bárcenas N. M., Gund N. A., Dalíková M. , Marec F. (2009) Rapid assessment of the sex of codling moth Cydia pomonella (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) eggs and larvae. (cas.cz)

Our approach relies on high-throughput techniques used to profile biological processes such as expression, promoter occupancy, and chromatin status, in conjunction with computational analysis and genetics. (nih.gov)
Symposium on Genetics & Epigenetcs of Sex XVIII International Congress of Genetics, Melbourne, Australia. (biomatix.org)

While studies of male and female differences have traditionally focused on the influence of sex hormones, these do not account for all the differences at the molecular and epigenetic levels. (springer.com)
We have used a simple and efficient method to identify condition-specific transcriptional regulatory sites in vivo to help elucidate the molecular basis of sex-differences in transcription, which are widespread in mammalian tissues and affect normal physiology, drug response, inflammation and disease. (nih.gov)
Discovery and application of molecular sex identification markers in wildlife and domesticated animals. (biomatix.org)

18. Cell adhesion molecules expression pattern indicates that somatic cells arbitrate gonadal sex of differentiating bipotential fetal mouse gonad. (nih.gov)
Although many, and perhaps most, important sex differences arise from gonadal and hormonal development, also important are sex differences which are neither gonadal nor hormonal. (hawaii.edu)

The placenta is a temporary and sex-specific endocrine organ that regulates maternal-fetal exchanges, with a central role in fetal growth and development. (encyclopedia.pub)

The genomic landscape of MBC shared similarities with female disease, with common somatic mutations in PIK3CA and GATA3 and 40% of the most frequently amplified genes overlapping between the sexes. (endocrinology.org)
Somatic mutations in genes regulating chromatin function and homologous recombination deficiency-related signatures were more prevalent in MBC. (endocrinology.org)

Barr body or sex chromatins are a condensation of chromatin present at the nucleus of cells in female individuals. (jrmds.in)
Both chambers centrally from the corpus cavernosum and is engaged growth chart, covering the period of six and twelve ethnicity, sexuality and its meta- an ssri is associated ized by chromatin condensation, membrane blabbing, and with normal semen was like having sex in general. (ben.edu)

Previous research has shown that in mammals, the immune system displays widespread sex dimorphism, or differences between males and females, including how males are generally more susceptible to and have worse outcomes for severe infections, while females are more prone to autoimmune diseases. (usc.edu)

Dosage compensation is the process by which organisms equalize the expression of genes between members of different biological sexes. (wikipedia.org)
Despite it being known that the biological differences between sexes become evident early in embryogenesis, the processes involved in these sex differences are not completely known [ 9 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

Both sexes experienced alterations in the frequency and activity of different immune cell types with age such as declines in various types of white blood cells, including T cells (named because they mature in the thymus gland), monocytes (formed in the bone marrow), and cytotoxic cells (which kill damaged, infected, or cancerous cells). (nih.gov)

10. High-throughput sequencing analyses of XX genital ridges lacking FOXL2 reveal DMRT1 up-regulation before SOX9 expression during the sex-reversal process in goats. (nih.gov)
To determine whether sex-biased expression is present throughout cardiogenesis, we re-analyzed data from two published studies that sampled the transcriptomes of mouse hearts from 8.5 days post-coitum embryos to neonates and adults. (springer.com)
We found sex-biased expression at every stage in heart development, and interestingly, identified a subset of genes that exhibit the same bias across multiple cardiogenic stages. (springer.com)
In fact, sex-specific expression differences in early embryogenesis are widespread across the animal kingdom. (springer.com)
One major issue is to comprehend, particularly in regard to behavior, factors which are important influences on sexual expression and the development of sex differences. (hawaii.edu)
Santangelo, C. Sex-specific ncRNAs Expression in Placenta. (encyclopedia.pub)
Sex-specific ncRNAs Expression in Placenta" Encyclopedia , https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/15752 (accessed December 01, 2023). (encyclopedia.pub)
Then qPCR analysis of these variants revealed sex-biased expression showing a peak only in early male embryos. (bvsalud.org)

Cunha E, Fily ML, Clisson I, Santos AL, Silva AM. Children at the convent: Comparing historical data, morphology and DNA extracted from ancient tissues for sex diagnosis at Santa Clara-A-Velha (Coimbra, Portugal). (jfds.org)

Metabolic consequences of sex-reversal in two lizard species: a test of the like genotype and like phenotype hypotheses. (biomatix.org)

For a start, it is possible to find genes that are differently expressed in males and females very early in development, before the sex organs are formed. (blogspot.com)

Contrary to previous models, which predicted that any unsynapsed chromatin is silenced during meiosis, our data indicate that unsynapsed X segments are transcribed. (huji.ac.il)

Yet many congenital heart defects exhibit sex biases in presentation, mortality, and morbidity [ 15 ] and are primarily due to disruptions occurring before gonad formation. (springer.com)

Generally, there has been no expectation in the developmental field that sex is relevant to early embryonic processes. (springer.com)

7. The conserved sex regulator DMRT1 recruits SOX9 in sexual cell fate reprogramming. (nih.gov)

Cutting-edge RNA study of neutrophils at the single-cell provides vital groundwork for further investigation of how immunity differs based on sex. (usc.edu)

We surveyed the sex-specific landscape in early embryogenesis with special reference to cardiac development. (springer.com)
Knockdown of CpMasc by RNAi during early embryogenesis resulted in a shift from male-to female-specific splicing of the C. pomonella doublesex (Cpdsx) gene, its downstream effector, in ZZ embryos, leading to a strongly female-biased sex ratio. (bvsalud.org)

Prevalence of Sex Chromatin in Bengalee Caste Hindu Females: Study on Interrelationship of Hormones. (ijmra.us)

In most mammalian cell lines, chromatin located at the nuclear periphery is represented by condensed heterochromatin, as evidenced by microscopy observations and DamID mapping of lamina-associated domains (LADs) enriched in dimethylated Lys9 of histone H3 (H3K9me2). (biomedcentral.com)

Context: The identification of sex is the first and the foremost step in forensic science. (jfds.org)
Aim and Objective: The aim is to determine sex from mesiodens on the basis of gene identification by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). (jfds.org)
Conclusion: Mesiodens are a good source of DNA and are a very useful tool in identification of sex using PCR analysis which was simple and effective. (jfds.org)
Hence, the procedure presented in the present study can be applied for extraction of DNA and identification of sex for forensic purpose. (jfds.org)
Sex identification of slave sacrifice victims from Qin state tombs in the spring and autumn period of china using ancient DNA. (jfds.org)

These samples are amendable to chromatin immunoprecipitation and high-throughput sequencing of nucleosome-associated genomic DNA, which require several additional days. (nature.com)
Nucleosome core particles are connected by a short stretch of linker DNA bound by histone H1, further stabilizing the nucleosome structure and higher-order chromatin architecture. (nih.gov)

There's a "biology teacher" who doesn't know what chromatin is (and never heard of a histone code), a "physics teacher" who never got past Newtonian mechanics, a "theologian" who has no idea how Jews and orthodox Christians view Genesis I and II, etc., etc. (wordnik.com)

Attention has accordingly been directed to the deeply-staining granules mentioned above, and the term chromatin -granules has been applied to them, and they have been considered to represent a rudimentary nucleus. (wordnik.com)

Germline maintenance in the nematode C. elegans requires global repressive mechanisms that involve chromatin organization. (biologists.com)

The team studied shifts in immune system patterns over different life stages and found two distinct periods of rapid genomic change: one occurring in the late 30s to early 40s was found in both sexes, and another that occurred later in life that was found to be different between the sexes. (nih.gov)

Chromatin structure is an important determinant of transcriptional activity, and is thought to influence accessibility of the transcriptional machinery to the DNA and/or modulate its productivity, as a component of regulation. (biomedcentral.com)

In addition, it highlights the need for the scientific community to more thoroughly include sex as a research variable and make sure study populations reflect the real world, Benayoun said. (usc.edu)

Anatomy3

Chemicals and Drugs1

Phenomena and Processes3

Chromosomes21

Chromosome15

Determination16

Differentiation4

Sperm chromatin5

Gene expression7

Epigenetics2

Reported sex-biased expression1

Mechanisms behind sex differences2

Genetic6

Proteins4

Male sex2

Histones3

Buccal smear2

Codling moth Cydia pomonella1

Genetics2

Molecular3

Gonadal2

Fetal1

Mutations2

Condensation2

Mammals1

Biological2

Alterations1

Expression8

Tissues1

Reversal1

Males1

Meiosis1

Congenital1

Developmental1

SOX91

Immunity1

Embryogenesis2

Females1

Nuclear1

Identification5

Nucleosome2

Biology1

Nucleus1

Organization1

Genomic1

Transcriptional1

Study1