Cheyne-Stokes RespUpper airwayDisordersSnoring and obstructive sleepSymptomsComplex sleep apneaPatientsObstructive apneasPeriods of apneaDiagnose sleep apneaAirwayPathophysiologyEpisodesHypoxiaHypopneaHypoventilationSyndromeEither obstructiveAirflowCentralArtificialHypertensionDisorderVentilatory driveTransientVentilatorDiagnosisCPAPHypopneasPolysomnographyBreathingPrematurityOccurCausalOccurs2023SevereFrequencyExcessiveOxygenCardiacHyperventilationMechanical
Cheyne-Stokes Resp7
- In turn, these conditions of hypoxia and hypercapnia will trigger additional effects on the body (such as Cheyne-Stokes Respiration). (wikipedia.org)
- Cheyne-Stokes Respiration (CSR): CSR is a breathing pattern characterized by cycles of crescendo-decrescendo changes in tidal volume followed by central sleep apneas. (pulmonologyadvisor.com)
- The authors conclude that continuous positive airway pressure and bilevel ventilation equally and effectively improve Cheyne-Stokes respiration in patients with congestive cardiac failure. (ersjournals.com)
- Central sleep apnoea syndrome (CSAS) with Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR) is common in patients with severe cardiac failure. (ersjournals.com)
- The AirSense 10 AutoSet is a premium auto-adjusting pressure therapy device with an integrated humidifier, wireless communications and advanced event detection (which includes central sleep apnea and Cheyne-Stokes respiration detection). (cpap-supply.com)
- There is an inability of some of the monitors to differentiate obstructive versus central apnea with Cheyne-Stokes respiration. (sleepreviewmag.com)
- The ResMed AirCurve 10 ASV Bilevel is a unique therapy device that offers personalized therapy for uncommon breathing disorders such as Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR), central sleep apnea (CSA) and associated obstructive events. (1800cpap.com)
Upper airway7
- Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) occurs when the upper airway becomes blocked, leading to brief pauses in breathing during sleep. (sleepfoundation.org)
- This is in contrast with Obstructive Sleep Apnea, where the ventilatory drive persists but airflow ceases because of the obstruction of the upper airway. (pulmonologyadvisor.com)
- Obstructive sleep apnea primarily results from collapse of the upper airway, resulting in cessation or decrease in airflow despite continuous and even increased respiratory muscle effort. (pulmonologyadvisor.com)
- Although some respiratory disorders, such as sleep apnea, occur only during sleep, virtually all respiratory disorders-including upper airway obstruction, central hypoventilation, and chronic lung disease-are worse during sleep than wakefulness. (atsjournals.org)
- Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) is characterized by the upper airway instability during sleep, reduction or elimination of airflow (hence oxygen desaturation), periodic arousals (hence sleep disruption), and daytime hypersomnolence. (hindawi.com)
- In ASV Auto mode, this Bi-level machine not only responds within the breath, adjusting Pressure Support to stabilize respiration, it also automatically adjusts the expiratory pressure in order to provide the minimum pressure required to maintain upper airway patency. (1800cpap.com)
- Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) consists of multiple episodes of partial or complete closure of the upper airway that occur during sleep and lead to breathing cessation (defined as a period of. (msdmanuals.com)
Disorders5
- There are three other types of sleep-related breathing disorders in addition to obstructive sleep apnea, which differ from OSA in their causes and features. (sleepfoundation.org)
- The primary disorders that may warrant surgical intervention include snoring and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). (medscape.com)
- After reviewing texts and articles on Medline, the centre for research disorders in Cincinnati, Ohio concluded that obstructive sleep apnoea, sleep fragmentation, and disturbed sleep often result from nasal obstruction. (positivehealth.com)
- They are not able to diagnose sleep disorders other than sleep apnea. (sleepreviewmag.com)
- Due to space limitations, disorders limited to infancy, such as apnea of prematurity, apparent life-threatening events, and sudden infant death syndrome, will not be discussed. (atsjournals.org)
Snoring and obstructive sleep1
- Light and calm breathing reduces both snoring and obstructive sleep apnea as well as activating the body's relaxation mode, leading to deeper and better quality sleep. (buteykoclinic.com)
Symptoms5
- At times, apnea may be mixed, occurring with obstructive and central apnea symptoms. (medscape.com)
- Though the reasoning behind hyperbaric oxygen therapy on sleep apnea might look so smooth and sound, it however, doesn't help improve other symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea like fragment sloop, and carbon dioxide retention. (zshare.net)
- Nasal congestion, which is one of the most bothersome and prevalent symptoms of AR (allergic rhinitis), is thought to be the leading symptom responsible for rhinitis-related sleep problems," including snoring, sleep apnoea and insomnia. (positivehealth.com)
- Given our interest in opioid safety, it came to our attention that sleep apnea has a lot of the same symptoms as opioid-induced respiratory depression," says Pless. (technologynetworks.com)
- The diagnosis of sleep apnea is based on a complete medical history and symptoms of the individual. (nativeremedies.com)
Complex sleep apnea3
- Complex sleep apnea syndrome and central sleep apnea. (1800cpap.com)
- If you have a severe respiratory condition like Complex Sleep Apnea, you may not realize you need a special type of device to treat it. (cpap.com)
- Complex Sleep Apnea is typically treated with an Adaptive Servo Ventilation machine-ASV for short. (cpap.com)
Patients22
- Studies have demonstrated that an apnea index of 20 or more, even in asymptomatic patients, is associated with an increased mortality rate. (medscape.com)
- The mechanisms of hypercapnia in eight patients with the "Pickwickian" syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea (OSAS) were evaluated pretherapy and posttherapy (tracheostomy in seven patients and chronic nocturnal use of nasal CPAP in one). (nih.gov)
- Patients with chronic congestive cardiac failure (CCF) frequently suffer from central sleep apnoea syndrome (CSAS). (ersjournals.com)
- The sensor was also able to detect sleep apnea in one of the patients during the trial. (yahoo.com)
- In another study, 385 patients with obstructive sleep apnoea were examined through a questionnaire. (positivehealth.com)
- performed a study to determine the relationship between mouth breathing and nasal obstruction in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea. (positivehealth.com)
- The study involved 30 normal subjects and 20 patients with snoring or sleep apnoea. (positivehealth.com)
- Despite the limitations of portable monitor testing, critical factors are driving its greater and greater role in the management of patients with sleep apnea. (sleepreviewmag.com)
- The prevalence and clinical importance of sleep apnea make it impossible for the diagnosis and management of these patients to remain confined to a particular subspecialty. (sleepreviewmag.com)
- Like diabetes and asthma, care of patients with sleep apnea is likely to move eventually into primary care practice. (sleepreviewmag.com)
- Apnea, the absence of breathing, is the most frequently reported disorder of breathing control in premature infants, and neonatal care units habitually use methylxanthine derivatives such as caffeine to treat these patients who are less than a month old. (sciencedaily.com)
- Researchers gave the VM Pill to 10 patients with sleep apnea at West Virginia University. (technologynetworks.com)
- The proposed system is designed to develop a portable mobile oxygen monitoring system for oxygen delivery at home and on the go activities for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Obstructive Sleep Apnea, and hypoxia related disease patients. (researchgate.net)
- ASV algorithm constantly learns, responds, predicts and synchronizes with the patients respiratory pattern to help rapidly stabilize respiration. (1800cpap.com)
- The desire to smoke disappears when voluntary respiration stops, even in patients who have been accustomed to smoke two packages of cigarettes daily. (ariwatch.com)
- 1 There are no reported cases of adult patients who were declared brain dead and later initiated respirations. (neurology.org)
- From January 2002 to February 2005, we performed apnea tests in 83 patients in our neurologic-neurosurgical intensive care unit for brain-death determination. (neurology.org)
- All patients fulfilled the clinical criteria of brain death and apnea tests were performed using the American Academy of Neurology Practice Parameter guidelines. (neurology.org)
- In patients with CSA, compensatory mechanisms do not respond quickly enough, and the hypocapnia causes periods of hypoventilation and/or apnea resulting in hypercapnia. (msdmanuals.com)
- Patients may cycle periodically between hyper- and hypoventilation, as in Cheyne-Stokes breathing, in which patients have brief periods of apnea followed by progressively faster and deeper breathing, which then becomes slower and shallower until they become apneic again and repeat the cycle. (msdmanuals.com)
- Study SR-001 is a multi-center, two-arm, cross-over study comparing the diagnostic impact and accuracy of two different diagnostic pathways on the outcome of diagnosis and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment in patients with suspected obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). (who.int)
- Revisiting vitamin D and home-based exercises for patients with sleep apnea facing the COVID-19 quarantine. (cdc.gov)
Obstructive apneas3
- The RDI is defined as the average number of respiratory disturbances (obstructive apneas, hypopneas, and respiratory event-related arousals [RERAs]) per hour. (medscape.com)
- During transient obstructive apneas, the frequency of all inspiratory efforts decreased abruptly by ~30%, suggesting a resetting of the central respiratory rhythm generator. (cureepilepsy.org)
- Most rats dying of central apnea had experienced several transient obstructive apneas. (cureepilepsy.org)
Periods of apnea1
- It is generally, family members, particularly spouses who witness the periods of apnea. (nativeremedies.com)
Diagnose sleep apnea1
- Depending on which criteria are used leads to a significant difference in the apnea/hypopnea index (AHI), the PSG outcome measure used to diagnose sleep apnea. (sleepreviewmag.com)
Airway6
- Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep disorder characterized by repeated obstruction to the airway during sleep. (sleepfoundation.org)
- Most procedures for improving obstructive sleep apnea involve attempting to open the airways - either by bringing the lower jaw forward with surgery or using a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machine to splint open the airway at night. (buteykoclinic.com)
- Obstructive sleep apnea: is the most common type of sleep apnea and is caused by the relaxation of soft tissue in the back of the throat that obstructs the airway passage. (nativeremedies.com)
- Central sleep apnea (CSA) is a heterogeneous group of conditions characterized by changes in ventilatory drive without airway obstruction. (msdmanuals.com)
- in which airway obstruction restricts airflow, central sleep apnea (CSA) is caused by alterations in respiratory drive, which during sleep is highly dependent on carbon dioxide levels. (msdmanuals.com)
- The history of sleep apnea and a rating of a Mallampati class III airway in this ASA III patient indicated a high risk for a difficult intubation. (medscape.com)
Pathophysiology2
- The pathophysiology of altitude induced CSA, CSA/CSR in heart failure, and possibly idiopathic CSA is thought to be due to hyperventilation during wakefulness with resultant hypocapnia (caused by different known or unknown factors in each disorder) that leads to central apneas during sleep. (pulmonologyadvisor.com)
- Diagnosis, management and pathophysiology of central sleep apnea in children. (msdmanuals.com)
Episodes7
- The AHI is defined as the average number of episodes of apnea and hypopnea per hour. (medscape.com)
- Has the person had repeated, brief episodes of apnea? (medlineplus.gov)
- For a diagnosis of sleep apnea, more than five episodes per hour must occur. (wikipedia.org)
- The resumption of respiration from apnoea is associated with arousals and episodes of sympathetic activation. (ersjournals.com)
- I had enough of being overweight (I weighed 130 kg on Dec 2016) which caused me snoring and episodes of sleep apnea. (who.int)
- Sleep apnea is a condition characterized by episodes in which breathing stops during sleep. (nativeremedies.com)
- The person who has obstructive sleep apnea does not remember the episodes of apnea during the night. (nativeremedies.com)
Hypoxia1
- OSA is characterized by the quintessential triad of intermittent apnea, hypoxia, and hypoxemia due to pharyngeal collapse. (hindawi.com)
Hypopnea5
- The indices commonly used to assess sleep disordered breathing (SDB) are the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and the respiratory disturbance index (RDI). (medscape.com)
- A complete cycle of apnea, hypopnea, hyperpnea, and hypopnea leading to the next apnea usually takes about 45 seconds but may be longer. (pulmonologyadvisor.com)
- High Altitude Periodic Breathing: Characterized by periods of central apnea or hypopnea cycling with periods of hyperpnea during sleep on ascent to high altitudes, high altitude periodic breathing occurs in virtually everyone at altitudes higher than 7600 meters. (pulmonologyadvisor.com)
- Though the oxygen level of the body will improve, the treatments effects on the apnea hypopnea index (AHI) and the levels of interruptions in breathing is negligible. (zshare.net)
- Apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) is the number of apneic and hypopneic events per hour of sleep. (hindawi.com)
Hypoventilation2
- and sustained hypoventilation independent of the apnea phenomenon and therefore not correctible. (nih.gov)
- CSR is characterised by periodic changes of tidal volume, resulting in 30-60-s cycles of hyperventilation, alternating with hypoventilation or apnoea in a crescendo decrescendo pattern. (ersjournals.com)
Syndrome7
- Hypercapnia in the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. (nih.gov)
- Central Sleep Apnea Syndrome (CSAS) is most commonly defined as the presence of five or more central apneas per hour of sleep. (pulmonologyadvisor.com)
- Are you sure your patient has central sleep apnea syndrome? (pulmonologyadvisor.com)
- The main differential diagnosis of CSA syndrome is the much more prevalent obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. (pulmonologyadvisor.com)
- How and/or why did the patient develop central sleep apnea syndrome? (pulmonologyadvisor.com)
- Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a highly prevalent syndrome with multiple clinical implications [ 1 ]. (ersjournals.com)
- Originally described as the Pickwickian syndrome, his breathing was later labelled as obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. (positivehealth.com)
Either obstructive2
- Sleep apnea may be either obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), in which breathing is interrupted by a blockage of air flow, central sleep apnea (CSA), in which regular unconscious breath simply stops, or a combination of the two. (wikipedia.org)
- Significance: Seizure activity in forebrain induces pronounced autonomic activation and disrupts activity in medullary respiratory centers, resulting in death from either obstructive or central apnea. (cureepilepsy.org)
Airflow4
- [ 1 ] In central apnea, absence of airflow accompanies a lack of inspiratory effort, and this condition is not amenable to surgical correction. (medscape.com)
- Most transient apneas were obstructive: nasal airflow ceased, while, in 83%, efforts to breathe persisted as continued rhythmic activity of respiratory pre-Bötzinger neurons, inspiratory electromyography (EMG), and excursions of the chest wall and abdomen. (cureepilepsy.org)
- Central apnea is defined as complete cessation of respiration, which can be differentiated from obstructive apnea through a pneumogram, with cessation of airflow and respiratory effort (see the image below). (medscape.com)
- Central apnea is defined as the cessation of both airflow and respiratory effort. (medscape.com)
Central16
- Central sleep apnea (CSA) is a disorder in which a person repeatedly stops breathing at night. (sleepfoundation.org)
- A Central Sleep Apnea (CSA) is defined as a cessation of breathing of at least ten seconds duration in the absence of a ventilatory drive. (pulmonologyadvisor.com)
- Central Sleep Apneas can be a normal occurrence or can have a pathologic etiology. (pulmonologyadvisor.com)
- It is a diagnosis of exclusion, as other causes of central sleep apnea noted below are excluded. (pulmonologyadvisor.com)
- The drop in pH is detected by central chemical receptors in the medulla oblongata and pons of the brainstem, resulting in faster and deeper respiration in an attempt to increase pO 2 and decrease pCO 2 ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
- There are three types of sleep apnoea: central, obstructive and mixed. (positivehealth.com)
- During REM sleep, breathing is erratic, with variable respiratory rate and tidal volume and frequent central apneas. (atsjournals.org)
- This pattern also occurred in a minority of cases (16%) of incomplete apnea, but not in rare cases (1%) of transient central apneas. (cureepilepsy.org)
- Twenty-two of thirty-one rats died, due either to obstructive apnea (12) or central apnea following progressive slowing of respiration (10). (cureepilepsy.org)
- There are two main types of sleep apnea - obstructive sleep apnea and central sleep apnea. (nativeremedies.com)
- Central sleep apnea: is a rare type of sleep apnea that is associated with the function of the central nervous system. (nativeremedies.com)
- With central apnea, snoring does not usually occur. (nativeremedies.com)
- Usually people suffering from sleep apnea will have a combination of obstructive sleep apnea and central sleep apnea. (nativeremedies.com)
- Prevalence and characteristics of central compared to obstructive sleep apnea: analyses from the sleep heart health study cohort. (msdmanuals.com)
- Increased ventilatory drive during sleep leads to hypocapnia which causes a compensatory fall in ventilation that, if abnormally prolonged, leads to recurrent central apnea with arousals. (msdmanuals.com)
- Apnea is classified as central, obstructive, or mixed. (medscape.com)
Artificial2
- In the event of apnoea provide artificial respiration. (europa.eu)
- An artificial respiration system will replace the respiratory muscles that provide the energy required during the inspiration process to ensure the flow of gas into the alveoli ducts [5] . (researchgate.net)
Hypertension3
- In men, heavy snoring and sleep apnea may increase their risk of hypertension, neuropsychological dysfunction, angina, and stroke. (zshare.net)
- Results: Seizures caused hypertension, tachycardia, and tachypnea punctuated by recurrent transient apneas. (cureepilepsy.org)
- A 56-year-old morbidly obese man with a history of hypertension , diabetes, sleep apnea, and elevated cholesterol presented to an ambulatory surgery center for knee arthroscopy. (medscape.com)
Disorder3
- Sleep apnea, also spelled sleep apnoea, is a sleep disorder in which pauses in breathing or periods of shallow breathing during sleep occur more often than normal. (wikipedia.org)
- Sleep apnea is a disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep. (technologynetworks.com)
- Another sleep disorder, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), also occurs frequently in PTSD, and emerging research indicates OSA fuels chronic insomnia. (biomedcentral.com)
Ventilatory drive1
- Decreased ventilatory drive causes transient decreases and/or pauses in respiration. (msdmanuals.com)
Transient1
- A transient absence of spontaneous respiration. (bvsalud.org)
Ventilator4
- Brain death is suspected when a patient with a destructive neurologic brain injury on a ventilator fails to generate respirations and other brainstem reflexes are absent. (neurology.org)
- The apnea test proved positive and remained positive after repeating the test (no breathing of patient after disconnection of the ventilator at PaCO 2 of 60 mm Hg or more). (neurology.org)
- Apnea simulation was conducted by switching the ventilator to a spontaneous mode of respiration with a pressure support of 0 cm H 2 O and a PEEP of 5 cm H 2 O (CPAP 5 cm H 2 O). Upon completion of this change, the ventilator began to self-cycle with a frequency of 28 breaths/min with a tidal volumes of 90 mL (see video clip). (neurology.org)
- This simulation and patient examples demonstrate that ventilator settings below a certain trigger sensitivity threshold may cause the ventilator to self-cycle, simulating spontaneous respirations. (neurology.org)
Diagnosis4
- A diagnosis of narcolepsy may be delayed if obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is considered the only condition. (medscape.com)
- If your health care provider noticed you've got sleep apnea, they'll instruct you to go for a sleep study in a sleep laboratory for proper tests and diagnosis. (zshare.net)
- As a result of the growing acceptance of portable monitor testing, a wide spectrum of testing options is now available for the diagnosis of sleep apnea. (sleepreviewmag.com)
- No consensus has been reached regarding the definition, diagnosis, or treatment of apnea of prematurity. (medscape.com)
CPAP1
- The pretreatment apnoea/hypopnoea index of 26.7±10.7 was significantly reduced by CPAP and bilevel ventilation to 7.7±5.6 and 6.5±6.6, respectively. (ersjournals.com)
Hypopneas2
- Apneas/hypopneas were associated with an average oxygen desaturation of less than 5% and an average change in heart rate of less than 10 beats per minute. (nih.gov)
- Polysomnography (PSG) shows more than 5 scoreable respiratory events (eg, apneas, hypopneas, RERAs) per hour of sleep and/or evidence of respiratory effort during all or a portion of each respiratory event. (medscape.com)
Polysomnography3
- Apnea is obstructive only when polysomnography reveals a continued inspiratory effort, evidenced by abdominal and thoracic muscle contraction. (medscape.com)
- Polysomnography can also evaluate respiration for sleep apnea. (medscape.com)
- Polysomnography test that records a variety of body functions during sleep such as the electrical activity of the brain, eye movement, muscle activity, heart rate, respiration effort, air flow, and blood oxygen levels. (nativeremedies.com)
Breathing17
- Snoring, excessive daytime somnolence, restless sleep, and apnea are manifestations of sleep-disordered breathing. (medscape.com)
- Breathing that stops from any cause is called apnea. (medlineplus.gov)
- Prolonged apnea means a person has stopped breathing. (medlineplus.gov)
- Oxygen therapy is at times ideal for treating obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) which is primary caused by a condition called hypoxemia that results from overnight interruption in breathing. (zshare.net)
- 1 The relationship between nasal obstruction, mouth breathing, snoring and sleep apnea is well documented 2-4 , and for decades the Buteyko Method has been successfully implemented to help control these conditions. (buteykoclinic.com)
- Simply by unblocking the nose, switching to nasal breathing and reducing breathing volume, snoring and sleep apnea can be significantly reduced. (buteykoclinic.com)
- Sleep apnea is a severe form of sleep-disordered breathing which involves the sleeper involuntary stopping their breath during sleep. (buteykoclinic.com)
- Breathing quietly and gently through the nose reduces the risk of obstructive sleep apnea, a condition which involves stopping of the breath during sleep caused by collapse of the upper airways. (buteykoclinic.com)
- People with narrow airways, often caused by mouth breathing during childhood are more prone to obstructive sleep apnea. (buteykoclinic.com)
- During an episode of apnea, the sleeper may not even be conscious of holding their breath, or the racket created as they resume breathing. (buteykoclinic.com)
- While these interventions are successful in their own right, to further reduce sleep apnea, it is also necessary to consider breathing volume. (buteykoclinic.com)
- 10] The authors of the paper observed that "since breathing through the nose appears to be the preferred route during sleep, nasal obstruction frequently leads to nocturnal mouth breathing, snoring, and ultimately to obstructive sleep apnoea. (positivehealth.com)
- Researchers found that chronic nasal obstruction and resultant mouth breathing may induce obstructive sleep apnoea. (positivehealth.com)
- Peripheral chemoreceptors, found in the carotid and aortic bodies and stimulated by chemical changes in blood composition, provide feed-forward control of respiration, which can thus terminate apnea and initiate normal breathing. (sciencedaily.com)
- Apnea is concluded when no breathing effort is observed at PaCO 2 of 60 mm Hg or with a 20 mm Hg increase from normal baseline. (neurology.org)
- Causes of sleep apnea and information on snoring related to apneic breathing problems. (nativeremedies.com)
- Apnea is defined as the cessation of breathing for more than 20 seconds or apnea or the cessation of breathing for less than 20 seconds if it is accompanied by bradycardia or oxygen (O 2 ) desaturation. (medscape.com)
Prematurity12
- After birth, apnea of prematurity (AOP) is a major concern for caregivers in intensive care nurseries. (medscape.com)
- The magnitude of this problem resulted in the National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) convening a workshop on apnea of prematurity. (medscape.com)
- Summary Proceedings from the Apnea-of-Prematurity Group have been published. (medscape.com)
- Systematic research has not been conducted to investigate the value of different interventions for apnea of prematurity. (medscape.com)
- The time required to demonstrate an improvement in apnea of prematurity with a specific treatment has not been established. (medscape.com)
- The observational period needed after therapy for apnea of prematurity is unknown, and an appropriate duration of surveillance off therapy is needed to reasonably prevent acute life-threatening events. (medscape.com)
- Important confounding conditions that influence the occurrence of apnea of prematurity are poorly recognized and/or integrated into care. (medscape.com)
- The relationship between gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and apnea of prematurity requires additional investigation because current knowledge suggests an infrequent association. (medscape.com)
- Improved characterization of the effects of apnea of prematurity on neurodevelopment during infancy and childhood is needed. (medscape.com)
- Other confounders associated with brain injury in preterm infants are difficult to separate from apnea of prematurity as meaningful causes of abnormal child development. (medscape.com)
- The NICHD review group also made recommendations about what issues associated with apnea of prematurity that need urgent attention, what research methods might be best for future studies, what outcomes are essential to our understanding of apnea of prematurity, and what ethical principles should govern future investigations of apnea of prematurity. (medscape.com)
- Given this discussion from the NICHD review group, the present article provides state-of-the-art information regarding what is and what is not known about apnea of prematurity. (medscape.com)
Occur2
- This can occur with obstructive sleep apnea, for example. (medlineplus.gov)
- These definitions represent clinically significant changes in apnea, bradycardia, and O 2 saturation changes and rarely occur in healthy preterm neonates older than 36 weeks after conception. (medscape.com)
Causal2
Occurs1
- Disturbed ventilation occurs primarily during sleep because during wakefulness there are additional external stimuli for respiration. (msdmanuals.com)
20231
- Respiration (2023) 102 (9): 833-842. (karger.com)
Severe2
- The exact effects of the condition depend on how severe the apnea is and on the individual characteristics of the person having the apnea. (wikipedia.org)
- Alzheimer's disease and severe obstructive sleep apnea are connected because there is an increase in the protein beta-amyloid as well as white-matter damage. (wikipedia.org)
Frequency1
- The apnea frequency and the different sleep stages were not, however, scored. (sciencedaily.com)
Excessive1
- People with sleep apnea have problems with excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and impaired alertness. (wikipedia.org)
Oxygen1
- Since the lungs is major oxygen of respiration, if the oxygen doesn't reach, then the whole treatment will be infective. (zshare.net)
Cardiac2
- Prolonged apnea with no heart activity in a person who is not responsive is called cardiac (or cardiopulmonary) arrest. (medlineplus.gov)
- Cardiac arrhythmias were reported almost as frequently as problems related to respiration. (vin.com)
Hyperventilation1
- Recent hyperventilation: CO 2 is a driving gas for respiration. (vin.com)
Mechanical1
- After birth, however, the compliant chest wall places the infant at a mechanical disadvantage during respiration. (atsjournals.org)