• In contrast a number of other functionally characterized genes associated with benzylisoquinoline alkaloid synthesis, including Berberine Bridge Enzyme ( BBE ), Tetrahydroprotoberberine cis-N-MethylTransferase ( TNMT ), Salutaridine Reductase ( SalR ), Salutaridinol 7-O-AcetylTransferase ( SalAT ) and Thebaine 6-O-demethylase ( T6ODM ) were expressed in all three varieties ( Fig. 1B ). (ampliconexpress.com)
  • Noscapine (also known as Narcotine , Nectodon , Nospen , Anarcotine and (archaic) Opiane ) is a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid , of the phthalideisoquinoline structural subgroup, which has been isolated from numerous species of the family Papaveraceae (poppy family). (cloudfront.net)
  • Elucidation of the biosynthetic pathway will enable improvement in commercial production of noscapine and related bioactive molecules. (ampliconexpress.com)
  • Virus-induced gene silencing resulted in accumulation of pathway intermediates allowing gene function to be linked to noscapine synthesis and a novel biosynthetic pathway to be proposed. (ampliconexpress.com)
  • We found noscapine to be unique to HN1 relative to HM1 and HT1 as were 53 other low abundance compounds, some of which are candidate intermediates in the noscapine biosynthetic pathway (table S1). (ampliconexpress.com)
  • The remainder of the noscapine biosynthetic pathway is largely governed by a single biosynthetic 10-gene cluster. (cloudfront.net)
  • Reddish-brown in color and extremely bitter, laudanum contains several opium alkaloids, including morphine and codeine. (wikipedia.org)
  • Noscapine was first characterized from opium poppy ( Papaver somniferum ) by the distinguished French chemist Pierre Jean Robiquet in 1817 ( 1 ) but unlike codeine, which he also discovered, and several other opiates, noscapine is non-painkilling and non-addictive. (ampliconexpress.com)
  • Noscapine belongs to the phthalideisoquinoline subclass of the structurally diverse isoquinoline alkaloids whereas codeine, morphine, thebaine and oripavine belong to the morphinan subclass ( 10 ). (ampliconexpress.com)
  • While the biosynthesis of morphinans has been elucidated at the molecular level ( 11 - 16 ) our knowledge of noscapine biosynthesis has not advanced significantly since the demonstration using isotope labeling in the 1960s, that it is derived from scoulerine ( 17 ). (ampliconexpress.com)
  • Understanding the biochemical genetics underpinning noscapine biosynthesis should enable improved production of this important pharmaceutical and related molecules both in poppy and other systems. (ampliconexpress.com)
  • The biosynthesis of noscapine in P. somniferum begins with chorismic acid , which is synthesized via the shikimate pathway from erythrose 4-phosphate and phosphoenolpyruvate . (cloudfront.net)
  • These reactions produce ( S )- reticuline , a key branchpoint intermediate in the biosynthesis of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids. (cloudfront.net)
  • A naturally occurring opium alkaloid that is a centrally acting antitussive agent. (harvard.edu)
  • Noscapine can increase the effects of centrally sedating substances such as alcohol and hypnotics . (cloudfront.net)
  • Laudanum is known as a "whole opium" preparation since it historically contained all the alkaloids found in the opium poppy, which are extracted from the dried latex of ripe seed pods (Papaver somniferum L., succus siccus). (wikipedia.org)
  • Noscapine is an antitumor alkaloid from opium poppy that binds tubulin, arrests metaphase, and induces apoptosis in dividing human cells. (ampliconexpress.com)
  • We metabolite profiled capsule extract from three opium poppy varieties developed in Tasmania for alkaloid production that we designate as High Morphine 1 (HM1), High Thebaine 1 (HT1) and High Noscapine 1 (HN1) on the basis of the most abundant alkaloid in each case ( Fig. 1A ). (ampliconexpress.com)
  • The demonstration in 1998 that noscapine acts as a potent antitumor agent that binds to tubulin, affecting its polymerisation, arresting cell division and inducing apoptosis ( 4 ) was followed by its antitumor activity being demonstrated in various forms of cancer ( 5 - 8 ). (ampliconexpress.com)
  • Morphine is the most important opium alkaloid used as a narcotic analgesic. (biologyease.com)
  • The history of safe use as an anti-tussive, rapid absorption after oral administration and apoptosis-inducing effect on a number of cancer cell lines, may place noscapine at an advantage over other tubulin binding anticancer natural products such as the well established taxanes ( 9 ). (ampliconexpress.com)
  • Noscapine has been used as a human cough suppressant for decades with its effect on the cough reflex and bronchial muscles being reported as early as 1954 ( 2 ), and the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of the orally administered form being more recently established ( 3 ). (ampliconexpress.com)
  • [1] This agent is primarily used for its antitussive (cough-suppressing) effects. (cloudfront.net)
  • It also depresses a centre regulating cough reflex in medulla and thus, acts as antitussive. (biologyease.com)
  • Cloperastine ( INN ) or cloperastin , in the forms of cloperastine hydrochloride ( JAN ) (brand names Hustazol , Nitossil , Seki ) and cloperastine fendizoate , is an antitussive and antihistamine that is marketed as a cough suppressant in Japan , Hong Kong , and in some European countries. (cloudfront.net)
  • Antifibrotic effects of noscapine through activation of prostaglandin E2 receptors and protein kinase A. J Biol Chem. (harvard.edu)
  • Transcriptomic analysis revealed the exclusive expression of 10 genes encoding five distinct enzyme classes in a high noscapine-producing poppy variety, HN1. (ampliconexpress.com)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Noscapine" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Noscapine" was a major or minor topic of these publication. (harvard.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Noscapine" by people in Profiles. (harvard.edu)
  • Analysis of an F2 mapping population indicated the genes are tightly linked in HN1, and bacterial artificial chromosome sequencing confirmed they exist as a complex gene cluster for plant alkaloids. (ampliconexpress.com)
  • It was in the year 1803 that a 20 year old German pharmacist named Friedrich Wilhelm Adam Serturner was able to successfully isolate one of opium poppy's main ingredients, morphine, and this made it the first ever alkaloid plant thus isolated. (herbs2000.com)
  • In 1804, morphine from poppy became one of the first alkaloids in the history of chemistry to be isolated successfully. (herbs2000.com)
  • Opium contains up to 12% morphine, an alkaloid, which is frequently processed chemically to produce heroin for the illegal drug trade. (absoluteastronomy.com)