• Interferon lambda genes encode cytokines classified as type III interferons, which are distantly related to type I interferons and the IL-10 family. (wikipedia.org)
  • The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) pathway is a critical defender to sense various pathogens and trigger innate immunity of mammalian cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Inhibiting progression through mitosis or loss of pattern recognition by stimulator of interferon genes (STING)-cGAS impaired interferon signalling. (nature.com)
  • Pharmacological activation of the STING (stimulator of interferon genes)-controlled innate immune pathway is a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer. (rcsb.org)
  • In this study, we show that inactivation of the HUSH complex in human primary fibroblasts - connective tissue cells that are involved in wound healing and launching immune responses - results in the activation of interferons and inflammatory genes. (qmul.ac.uk)
  • These nucleic acids are recognised as foreign by the innate immune system leading to their cytoplasmic detection and signalling of type I interferons leading to induction of interferon response genes. (qmul.ac.uk)
  • His contributions include discovery of the cellular protein STING (stimulator of interferon genes) and elucidating how nucleic acids trigger cytokine production. (royalsociety.org)
  • Using a murine model of bone metastatic mammary carcinoma, we demonstrate that systemic delivery of polymer nanoparticle s loaded with cyclic dinucleotide (CDN) agonists of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) inhibited tumor growth and bone destruction after 7 days of treatment. (cdc.gov)
  • As the second messenger, cGAMP activates STING and induces the following cascade to produce type I interferon (IFN-I) to protect against infections. (frontiersin.org)
  • When intravenously injected into mice with metastatic melanoma , it was able to deliver signaling molecules, called cyclic dinucleotides, across the cell membranes of their liver macrophages, where they stimulated the production of immune-related proteins called type 1 interferons via a stimulator of an interferon gene (STING) pathway. (news-medical.net)
  • the molecules activate the STING protein to induce production of the immune mediator type I interferon (IFN). (cancer.gov)
  • Nanoparticle STING agonist reprograms the bone marrow to an antitumor phenotype and protects against bone destruction. (cdc.gov)
  • Each dose of STING-activating nanoparticle s trafficked to the bone marrow compartment and was retained within the tumor microenvironment for over 24 hours, enhancing antitumor immunity through proinflammatory cytokine production and early T-cell activation. (cdc.gov)
  • Overall, these studies demonstrate that STING pathway activation, here enabled using a nanomedicine approach to enhance CDN delivery to bone metastatic sites, can reprogram the immune contexture of the bone marrow to an antitumor phenotype that inhibits bone colonization of metastatic breast cancer cells and protects from tumor-mediated bone destruction. (cdc.gov)
  • Imiquimod is an imidazoquinolinamine derivative that has no in vitro antiviral activity but does induce macrophages to secrete cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon alfa and gamma. (medscape.com)
  • It has no direct viral activity, however, it is effective against viral infection and acts as antitumour agent by induction of interferon-α (IFN-α) and other cytokines. (mims.com)
  • While acquired resistance mechanisms, including increased levels of immunosuppressive cytokines and the infiltration of regulatory T cells, ultimately limited antitumor efficacy after 2 weeks of treatment, bone protective effects remained. (cdc.gov)
  • This review briefly introduces the role of type I interferon in cancer and the available evidence on the overall effects of RT on tumor immunity mediated via type I IFN. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Interferons are proteins that boost the immune system through their ability to inhibit viral replication within infected cells, protect uninfected cells from infection and stimulate adaptive antiviral immunity. (qmul.ac.uk)
  • Interfering with expression of the HUSH complex may make cancers more immunogenic through the release of LINE-1 double-stranded RNAs to induce interferons and potentially increase anti-tumour immunity. (qmul.ac.uk)
  • These were released into the blood, activating another type of immune cell called natural killer cells in the spleen and lung, which produced interferon-gamma inside the lung metastases. (news-medical.net)
  • The mechanisms by which interferon alfa exerts antiviral activity are not understood clearly. (medscape.com)
  • The mechanism by which Interferon alfa-2a, recombinant, or any other interferon, exerts antitumor or antiviral activity is not clearly understood. (drugs.com)
  • However, it is believed that direct antiproliferative action against tumor cells, inhibition of virus replication and modulation of the host immune response play important roles in antitumor and antiviral activity. (drugs.com)
  • Intron A (Interferon alfa-2b, recombinant) is a recombinant version of a naturally occurring alpha interferon, with both antiviral and immunomodulatory effects. (centerwatch.com)
  • Interferon alfa is a protein product either manufactured from a single-species recombinant DNA process or obtained from pooled units of donated human leukocytes that have been induced by incomplete infection with a murine virus. (medscape.com)
  • Roferon-A (Interferon alfa-2a, recombinant) is a sterile protein product for use by injection. (drugs.com)
  • Interferon alfa-2a, recombinant is a highly purified protein containing 165 amino acids, and it has an approximate molecular weight of 19,000 daltons. (drugs.com)
  • 3 million IU (11.1 mcg/0.5 mL) Roferon-A per syringe - The solution is colorless and each 0.5 mL contains 3 MIU of Interferon alfa-2a, recombinant, 3.605 mg sodium chloride, 0.1 mg polysorbate 80, 5 mg benzyl alcohol as a preservative and 0.385 mg ammonium acetate. (drugs.com)
  • The biological activities of Interferon alfa-2a, recombinant are species-restricted, i.e., they are expressed in a very limited number of species other than humans. (drugs.com)
  • As a consequence, preclinical evaluation of Interferon alfa-2a, recombinant has involved in vitro experiments with human cells and some in vivo experiments. (drugs.com)
  • 1 Using human cells in culture, Interferon alfa-2a, recombinant has been shown to have antiproliferative and immunomodulatory activities that are very similar to those of the mixture of interferon alfa subtypes produced by human leukocytes. (drugs.com)
  • In vivo, Interferon alfa-2a, recombinant has been shown to inhibit the growth of several human tumors growing in immunocompromised (nude) mice. (drugs.com)
  • The metabolism of Interferon alfa-2a, recombinant is consistent with that of alpha-interferons in general. (drugs.com)
  • Small amounts of radiolabeled Interferon alfa-2a, recombinant appear in the urine of isolated rat kidneys, suggesting near complete reabsorption of Interferon alfa-2a, recombinant catabolites. (drugs.com)
  • The serum concentrations of Interferon alfa-2a, recombinant reflected a large intersubject variation in both healthy volunteers and patients with disseminated cancer. (drugs.com)
  • Type III interferons are induced by viral infection and interact with a heterodimeric class II cytokine receptor that consists of interleukin 10 receptor, beta (IL10RB) and interferon lambda receptor 1 (IFNLR1) to signal via the JAK-STAT anti-viral pathway. (wikipedia.org)
  • In tumors able to evade immune clearance, the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway constitutes an important target to restore a functional antitumor immune response. (ssrn.com)
  • This pathway is dependent on expression of LINE-1 elements, which can generate double-stranded RNAs that are sensed by cytoplasmic RIG-I like receptors leading to cells producing type I interferons. (qmul.ac.uk)
  • Finally, we link this new pathway to diverse cancers that are characterised by a common dominant interferon signature, and in which the HUSH complex is notably downregulated. (qmul.ac.uk)
  • The interferon combination of IL-29 and IFN-α displayed a more effective antiproliferative effect and a more intense p21 expression than each reagent alone in vitro. (elsevierpure.com)
  • It has antiproliferative and antitumor activities, as well as induction of apoptosis and the inflammatory response. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is a pleiotropic molecule with associated antiproliferative, pro-apoptotic and antitumor mechanisms. (nih.gov)
  • It is a potent activator of macrophages, it has antiproliferative effects on transformed cells and it can potentiate the antiviral and antitumor effects of the type I interferons. (joplink.net)
  • Interferon α 2A (IFN-α 2A) belongs to the type I interferon protein family and is produced by many cell types in response to viral infection. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • This is associated with the formation of the HCC immunosuppressive microenvironment which seriously hinders the antitumor effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors, attenuating the efficacy of immunotherapy [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • These findings demonstrate that type III IFN can mediate direct antitumor activities via increased p21 expression and induction of apoptosis and cooperate with type I IFN to elicit more efficient direct antitumor activities, and suggest the possibility that type III IFN might improve the efficacy and reduce the side-effects of type I IFN cancer therapy. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The antitumor activities of type III interferon (IFN) (interleukin [IL]-28 and IL-29) and the combination of type III IFN and type I IFN (IFN-α) were evaluated using human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (elsevierpure.com)
  • Antitumor activity of type III IFN is associated with cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase and apoptosis. (elsevierpure.com)
  • IFNA2 is a type 1 interferon which acts as the first line of defense, and offers protection against pathogenic invasion. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • This is because the type 1 interferons and interferon-gamma triggered the expression of a protein called PD-L1 on the cancer cells. (news-medical.net)
  • type II interferon. (nih.gov)
  • Ablation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress kinase PERK induces paraptosis and type I interferon to promote anti-tumor T cell responses. (nih.gov)
  • Our research team has uncovered several important poxvirus-sensing mechanisms leading to type I interferon (IFN) induction in various cell types including epithelial cells, macrophages and dendritic cell (DC) subtypes. (mskcc.org)
  • 2. Interferon γ cytokine secretion was determined by ELISPOT to assess PBMC response against known antigens in a preliminary experiment to approximate usable range for the following antigen specific PBMC assays. (helsinki.fi)
  • Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that METTL3 suppressed antitumor immune response by reducing granzyme B (GZMB+) and interferon gamma-positive (IFN-γ+) CD8+ T cell infiltration, thereby facilitating immune escape. (bvsalud.org)
  • The enzyme gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) plays an important role in promoting the processing and presentation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted antigens. (bvsalud.org)
  • This combination regimen also increased the infiltration of CD8+ T-cells that expressed both PD1 and CD137, and these T-cells were shown to express high levels of interferon-gamma, a marker of cytotoxic effector CD8+ T-cells. (amegroups.org)
  • The chemo-immunotherapy regimens also increased the number of tumor-infiltrating PD1+CD137+CD8+ T-cells and interferon-gamma-expressing PD1+CD137+CD8+ T-cells, but these increases were not statistically significant. (amegroups.org)
  • Likewise, persons with genetic mutations in the interferon-gamma or interleukin-12 cytokine pathways can present with widely disseminated TB disease [ 11 , 12 ]. (cdc.gov)
  • The immunologic mechanism and related dysfunction that predispose persons to NTM disease are largely unknown, although defects in interleukin-12 or interferon-γ production are known to increase the risk for disseminated NTM disease in humans ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • CD137 agonists attain immunotherapeutic antitumor effects in cancer mouse models, and multiple agents of this kind are undergoing clinical trials. (unav.edu)
  • In 2009 (i.e., before the discovery of IFNL4), results from genome wide association studies (GWAS) indicated that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) lying near IFNL3 (rs12979860, rs8099917 and others) were strongly associated with response to pegylated interferon-α and ribavirin treatment for chronic hepatitis C, as well as spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C (HCV) infection. (wikipedia.org)
  • When interferon is released, it sets off a series of reactions in nearby cells to help them defend against the infection. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • In contrast, wogonin treatment following influenza A virus infection led to up-regulation of interferon (IFN)-induced antiviral signaling. (elis.sk)
  • Antitumor effects of agonist anti-CD137 mAbs are critically dependent on the integrity of cIAPs in cancer mouse models, and cIAPs are also required for signaling from CARs encompassing CD137's cytoplasmic tail. (unav.edu)
  • Concomitant use of interferon enhances the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens and TAAs on tumor cells, thereby augmenting the killing of tumor cells by the infused effector cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Primary end points of the GT-30 trial included AEs based on CTCAE v5.0 and the immunogenicity of PTCV as measured by interferon-γ secreting T lymphocytes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMBCs) and by T-cell activation and cytolytic cell phenotype in PMBCs. (cancernetwork.com)
  • LINE-1 elements were recently linked to interferons and inflammation but it was primarily thought that of the 500,000 elements present in the human genome, only a handful that were still mobile could induce interferon production through DNA sensing. (qmul.ac.uk)
  • The connection between interferon and heart damage is not clearly understood, but it is worth being mindful of when someone is considering treatment. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Liver metabolism and subsequent biliary excretion are considered minor pathways of elimination for alfa interferons. (drugs.com)
  • The anti-tumor activity of interferons (IFNs) was first appreciated about half a century ago, and IFN-α2 was the first cancer immunotherapy approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Because of its species-restricted activity, it has not been possible to demonstrate antitumor activity in immunologically intact syngeneic tumor model systems, where effects on the host immune system would be observable. (drugs.com)
  • However, such antitumor activity has been repeatedly demonstrated with, for example, mouse interferon-alfa in transplantable mouse tumor systems. (drugs.com)
  • Determine the antitumor activity of IL-12 in these patients. (knowcancer.com)
  • Background:We reported recently the clinical efficiency of interferon (IFN)-α/5-fluorouracil (5-FU) combination therapy in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). (elsevierpure.com)
  • Furthermore, interferon combination therapy suppressed in vivo NSCLC growth more effectively than interferon monotherapy. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The authors suggested that interferon therapy might be used safely on people who did not have pre-existing heart disease . (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Since it was recognized as a causative factor of chronic hepatitis, there have been multiple efforts towards viral eradication, leading to the first-generation HCV treatment that was based on interferon (IFN)-αand its analogs, mainly PEGylated interferon-α (PEG IFNα). (wjgnet.com)
  • Determine the effect of IL-12 on angiogenic factors, including basic fibroblast growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and interferon-inducible protein 10 in these patients. (knowcancer.com)
  • As well as occurring naturally in the body, interferon is also used as a treatment for various health disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS), some types of cancer , and hepatitis C . (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • BET protein targeting reduces T cell-derived interferon-γ production and signaling, thereby suppressing PD-L1 induction in breast cancer cells. (ssrn.com)
  • What side effects can result from interferon? (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Each form of interferon has different effects on the body. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The side effects of interferon can be grouped into three categories, according to Cancer Research UK . (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • One of the common and potentially most serious side effects of treatment with interferon is depression. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Another study , which was done in 2012, looked at the effects of interferon on increasing risk of heart disease in people with lupus . (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • At the same time, a 2004 study looked at the effects of interferon on the heart health of people with chronic hepatitis . (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Anyone hoping to become a parent who is due to have interferon treatment should speak to their doctor about freezing their sperm or eggs before the procedure. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • One 2004 study looked at the case of a 56-year-old man with normal heart function, who began to experience heart problems, following interferon treatment. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Anyone who is concerned, especially those with a history of heart disease, should discuss this with their doctor before starting interferon treatment. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • A 2010 review published in Digestive Diseases and Sciences , looked at four cases where people had received long-term interferon treatment. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The IFNA2 (interferon alpha 2) gene is mapped to human chromosome 9p21.3. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Interferon α 2A human has been used to check its antiviral action against chikungunya virus. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Infertility is an occasional side effect of interferon use and can affect either men or women. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Interferon is a protein released by the cells of the body when they are under attack from a virus or other invader. (medicalnewstoday.com)