Antisense rna untranslated. Medical search. Frequent questions

Here, we choose facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD) as a model to determine whether or not targeting key 3' end elements involved in mRNA processing using antisense oligonucleotide drugs can be used as a strategy for gene silencing within a potentially therapeutic context. (nih.gov)
87(5): 1663-1667] Specifically, the investigators started by priming whole cerebellar RNA with a synthetic oligonucleotide containing a T7 RNA polymerase promoter sequence. (genomicglossaries.com)
The secondary structures of RNAs (hairpins, stem-loops) may prevent or slow down the hybrid formation with the antisense oligonucleotide. (turkupetcentre.net)

Endogenous antisense RNAs function as regulators of gene expression by a variety of mechanisms. (genomicglossaries.com)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous single-stranded non-coding RNAs consisting of 16-23 nucleotides. (turkupetcentre.net)
MicroRNA (miRNA) are a subset of short (~22 bp) endogenous non-coding RNA that play a significant role in post-transcriptional regulation, via repression of translation. (biomedcentral.com)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) is a large family of endogenous, small noncoding RNAs with 20-25 nucleotides that have emerged as key posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression in mammals, bacteria, and plants [ 1 - 4 ]. (hindawi.com)

microRNAs (miRNAs) are short (20-24 nt) non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in multicellular organisms by affecting both the stability and translation of mRNAs. (cancerindex.org)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules (containing ~22 nucleotides) that function in RNA silencing and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. (spandidos-publications.com)
MicroRNAs regulate gene expression by inhibiting the post-transcriptional process: miRNA pairs with messenger RNA (mRNA) to its untranslated regions, which leads to formation of miRNA-induced silencing complex (miRISC) that includes ribonucleases. (turkupetcentre.net)
In recent years, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), especially microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs and circular RNAs, have been found to be associated with abnormalities of the ASMCs. (ersjournals.com)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are the most altered subset of ncRNAs, followed by long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs). (ersjournals.com)

After second- strand cDNA synthesis, T7 RNA polymerase was used to generate aRNA. (genomicglossaries.com)
Specific functional analogies are drawn between several components of CASS and proteins involved in eukaryotic RNAi, including the double-stranded RNA-specific helicase-nuclease (dicer), the endonuclease cleaving target mRNAs (slicer), and the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. (biomedcentral.com)
miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II as part of capped and polyadenylated primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) that can be either protein-coding or non-coding. (cancerindex.org)
Polyadenylation is essential for the stability of the transcript, preventing the mRNA from being the target of posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS) via RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 6 (RDR6) in plants ( Luo and Chen, 2007 ). (frontiersin.org)
The immediate product of RNA polymerase II is sometimes referred to as pre-mRNA or the primary transcript . (pressbooks.pub)

Mattick, J.S. (2023) A Kuhnian revolution in molecular biology: Most genes in complex organisms express regulatory RNAs. (blogspot.com)
These observations suggest that the original conception of genetic information was deficient and that most genes in complex organisms specify regulatory RNAs, some of which convey intergenerational information. (blogspot.com)
Moreover, our analysis reveals significant levels of antisense transcription from at least 24% of protein-coding genes and that while expression levels of NATs change during the intraerythrocytic developmental cycle (IDC), they do not correlate with the corresponding mRNA levels. (pasteur.fr)
We also mapped the PASs of 3443 coding genes, yielding an average 3′ untranslated region length of 523 bp. (pasteur.fr)
Synthetic antisense RNAs are used to effect the functioning of specific genes for investigative or therapeutic purposes. (genomicglossaries.com)
Using an integrative annotation pipeline, we assembled tissue-specific RNA-Seq libraries from 113 datasets and constructed 48 359 transcript models of protein-coding genes in eleven tissues. (jcvi.org)
Altogether, we identified 635 novel protein-coding genes, 508 novel transcribed regions, 5178 non-coding RNAs, and 35 846 small RNA loci that were formerly unannotated. (jcvi.org)
Remarkably, several non-coding RNAs absent in the non-pathogenic species Listeria innocua exhibit the same expression patterns as the virulence genes. (ox.ac.uk)
Advances in transcriptome sequencing allow for simultaneous interrogation of differentially expressed genes from multiple species originating from a single RNA sample, termed dual or multi-species transcriptomics. (biomedcentral.com)
Comparative-genomic analysis of CRISPR and cas genes leads to the hypothesis that the CRISPR-Cas system (CASS) is a mechanism of defense against invading phages and plasmids that functions analogously to the eukaryotic RNA interference (RNAi) systems. (biomedcentral.com)
Chromatin associated sense and antisense noncoding RNAs are transcribed from the var gene family of virulence genes of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. (cornell.edu)
RNA fluorescent in situ hybridization (RNA-FISH) analysis detects both the sense and antisense noncoding RNAs in distinct spots within the nucleus similar to the pattern described for the var genes themselves. (cornell.edu)
miRNAs normally cleave mRNA by base-pairing to the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of the target genes ( 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
As of the July 2013, the total number of genes (including pseudogenes and non-coding RNA genes) is around 58,000 with the total number of transcripts reaching almost 200,000 ( Gencode ). (tripod.com)
Los ARNs antisentido sintéticos se utilizan para afectar el funcionamiento de genes específicos en la investigación o con fines terapéuticos. (bvsalud.org)

and a plethora of 'intergenic', overlapping, antisense and intronic transcripts. (blogspot.com)
Advances in high-throughput sequencing have led to the discovery of widespread transcription of natural antisense transcripts (NATs) in a large number of organisms, where these transcripts have been shown to play important roles in the regulation of gene expression. (pasteur.fr)
A comprehensive annotation of its genome paves the way for understanding the functions and activities of all types of transcripts, including mRNA, the various classes of non-coding RNA, and small RNA. (jcvi.org)
In the nucleus, the RNA exosome complex is involved in proper maturation of stable RNA species such as rRNA, snRNA and snoRNA, in the elimination of RNA processing by-products and non-coding 'pervasive' transcripts, such as antisense RNA species and promoter-upstream transcripts (PROMPTs), and of mRNAs with processing defects, thereby limiting or excluding their export to the cytoplasm. (thermofisher.com)
The availability of multiple PAS in the same 3' regulatory region enables the inclusion or exclusion of 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) sequences, resulting in transcripts that may differ in particularities involving post-transcriptional processes such as stability, transport and translation ( Mayr, 2016 ), and even protein localization ( Berkovits and Mayr, 2015 ). (frontiersin.org)
These sterile transcripts therefore might act in a manner analogous to noncoding RNAs associated with silent, condensed chromatin found in other eukaryotic systems. (cornell.edu)
Antisense transcripts may also have a role in the formation of fruiting bodies. (nature.com)

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are characterized as untranslated RNAs greater than 200 nt in length[ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Early reports indicate that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are novel regulators of biological responses. (bath.ac.uk)
We identify 76 enhancer RNAs (eRNAs), 40 canonical lncRNAs, 65 antisense lncRNAs and 35 regions of bidirectional transcription (RBT) that are differentially expressed in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). (bath.ac.uk)

In addition, we annotated various classes of non-coding RNA including microRNA, long intergenic RNA, small nucleolar RNA, natural antisense transcript, small nuclear RNA, and small RNA using published datasets and in-house analytic results. (jcvi.org)

500 nucleotides), at least two of which are involved in virulence in mice, we have identified antisense RNAs covering several open-reading frames and long overlapping 5' and 3' untranslated regions. (ox.ac.uk)

Moreover, polyadenylation is a crucial step in the maturation of almost all eukaryotic mRNAs, and thus all mRNAs are virtually eligible for this antisense-mediated knockdown strategy. (nih.gov)
The mature miRNA is incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which recognizes target mRNAs through imperfect base pairing with the miRNA and most commonly results in translational inhibition or destabilization of the target mRNA. (cancerindex.org)
In the cytoplasm, the RNA exosome complex is involved in general mRNA turnover and specifically degrades inherently unstable mRNAs containing AU-rich elements (AREs) within their 3' untranslated regions, and in RNA surveillance pathways, preventing translation of aberrant mRNAs. (thermofisher.com)
In addition, after transcription, a wide array of RNA-binding proteins interacts with cis -acting elements located mainly in the 3' untranslated region, determining the fate of mRNAs in eukaryotic cells. (frontiersin.org)
Antisense imaging may therefore be most successful in detecting viral or bacterial mRNAs that are abundant in infected tissue. (turkupetcentre.net)
This antisense method introduces a new application for the targeted downregulation of maternal mRNAs in animal oocytes, eggs and early embryos. (echinobase.org)
Three of the ncRNAs are transcribed in opposite direction to overlapping open reading frames (ORFs), suggesting that they act as antisense on the corresponding mRNAs. (cnrs.fr)
The mature miRNA is incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which recognizes target mRNAs through imperfect base pairing with the miRNA. (hindawi.com)
miRNAs act as adaptors that employ a silencing complex to target mRNAs by selective base pairing, primarily in the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR). (hindawi.com)

Interestingly, antisense transcription is not evenly distributed across coding regions (CDSs) but strongly clustered towards the 3′-end of CDSs. (pasteur.fr)
Analysis of the splicing events and RNA-Seq based expression profiles revealed the landscapes of gene structures, untranslated regions, and splicing activities to be more intricate than previously appreciated. (jcvi.org)
To identify noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the pathogenic bacterium Listeria monocytogenes, we analyzed the intergenic regions (IGRs) of strain EGD-e by in silico-based approaches. (cnrs.fr)
Secretory carrier membrane protein 4 (SCAMP4) was predicted to be subject to posttranscriptional gene regulation mediated by small RNA, by annotating small RNA reads mapped to exonic regions in the pig genome. (appliedbioinfo.com)

Are Long Intergenic Non-ccoding RNAs Central Regulators of Inflammation and the Innate Immune Response? (bath.ac.uk)

Our strand-specific analysis of the P. falciparum transcriptome expands and strengthens the existing body of evidence that antisense transcription is a substantial phenomenon in P. falciparum. (pasteur.fr)
Here, using tiling arrays and RNAs from wild-type and mutant bacteria grown in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo, we have analysed the transcription of its entire genome. (ox.ac.uk)
Crucially, we demonstrate that knockdown of nuclear-localized, NF-κB-regulated, eRNAs (IL1β-eRNA) and RBT (IL1β-RBT46) surrounding the IL1β locus, attenuates LPS-induced messenger RNA transcription and release of the proinflammatory mediators, IL1β and CXCL8. (bath.ac.uk)

While there, they discovered that tiny amounts of glutathione inhibited protein synthesis in reticulocytes and that tiny amounts of RNA killed the synthesis altogether. (wikipedia.org)
Moreover, high throughput analyses have shown that the majority of the mammalian genome is differentially and dynamically transcribed during development to produce tens if not hundreds of thousands of short and long non-protein-coding RNAs that show highly specific expression patterns and subcellular locations. (blogspot.com)
Because alternative RNA splicing allows different types of mRNA molecules to be created from a single gene, it generates the diversity of protein function and structure that is essential to complex organisms. (genomicglossaries.com)
Highly specific and effective gene silencing of any disease can be achieved by an accurate knowledge of the target mRNA sequence and rational design of its complementary antisense agents for the downregulation of its protein message. (genomicglossaries.com)
RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) and RIP sequencing were carried out in rat microglia (RM). (biomedcentral.com)
Total RNA and protein were extracted 48 h post-treatment. (biomedcentral.com)

A complementary RNA sequence that binds to a naturally occurring (sense) mRNA molecule, thus blocking its translation. (genomicglossaries.com)
EXOSC4 binds to ARE-containing RNAs. (thermofisher.com)
MiRNA usually binds directly to the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) of target gene mRNA through the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) [ 15 , 16 ]. (ersjournals.com)

The primary transcript is cleaved by the Drosha ribonuclease III enzyme to produce an approximately 70-nt stem-loop precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA), which is further cleaved by the cytoplasmic Dicer ribonuclease to generate the mature miRNA and antisense miRNA star (miRNA*) products. (cancerindex.org)

There are two major, distinct forms of regulatory small RNAs involved in eukaryotic gene silencing: small interfering (si) RNAs and micro (mi) RNAs. (biomedcentral.com)
Chapters 8 and 9 introduced you to different components of eukaryotic gene structure and RNA molecules transcribed. (pressbooks.pub)

RNA molecules which hybridize to complementary sequences in either RNA or DNA altering the function of the latter. (genomicglossaries.com)
More specifically, antisense oligonucleotides that are useful as reagents for target validation , or as drugs, are engineered molecules that differ from natural RNA but that have a base sequence that is recognized as being complementary to a very specific mRNA sequence. (genomicglossaries.com)

The catalytic inactive RNA exosome core complex of 9 subunits (Exo-9) is proposed to play a pivotal role in the binding and presentation of RNA for ribonucleolysis, and to serve as a scaffold for the association with catalytic subunits and accessory proteins or complexes. (thermofisher.com)

The organisms studied in dual-species transcriptomics experiments are present in different relative abundances and while the read proportions between the two organisms differ by system, most infection models, particularly biologically relevant models, have the total RNA content of the host vastly outnumbering microbe [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Total RNA was extracted from untreated (WT), cdk9 MO-injected and cdk9m MO-injected embryos. (echinobase.org)
Total RNA was extracted from untreated (WT: lanes 1-3), cdk9 MO-injected ( cdk9 MO: lanes 4-6) and cdk9m MO-injected embryos (cdk9m MO: lanes 7-9). (echinobase.org)
The total RNA was extracted, and a PAT assay was performed with PAT primers for cdk9 and tbp . (echinobase.org)
B) Experiments were performed with the total RNA used in Figure 2B. (echinobase.org)

siRNAs are produced from double-stranded RNAs of viruses and transposable elements, which are processed by the dicer nuclease, one of the essential components of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complexes (RISCs) [ 7 - 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) function similarly, but are exogenous double-stranded RNAs. (turkupetcentre.net)

To gain insights into the genome-wide distribution of NATs in P. falciparum, we performed RNA-ligation based strand-specific RNA sequencing at unprecedented depth. (pasteur.fr)
To elucidate the molecular mechanisms that may underlie their unusual longevity, we have deep sequenced 246.5 million small RNA reads from whole blood of the long-lived greater mouse-eared bats, Myotis myotis , and conducted a series of genome-wide comparative analyses between bat and non-bat mammals (human, pig and cow) in both blood miRNomes and transcriptomes, for the first time. (biomedcentral.com)
Mapping small RNA to the pig genome indicates dynamic distribution of small RNA organization across the genome. (appliedbioinfo.com)
Many of the small RNA mapped to annotated repetitive elements in the pig genome, of which the SINE/tRNA-Glu and LINE/L1 elements represented a large proportion. (appliedbioinfo.com)

The discovery of the elaborate and versatile systems of RNA silencing in eukaryotes is one of the pivotal advances in biology of the last decade [ 1 - 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

In this article, we focus on predicting binding sites of target RNAs that are expected to interact with regulatory antisense RNAs in a general form of interaction. (elsevierpure.com)

Three ncRNAs, including one of the putative antisense ncRNAs, were predicted to have more than one mRNA targets. (cnrs.fr)

RNA which contains an intron sequence that has an enzyme- like catalytic activity. (genomicglossaries.com)
Non-catalytic component of the RNA exosome complex which has 3'->5' exoribonuclease activity and participates in a multitude of cellular RNA processing and degradation events. (thermofisher.com)

presents an opportunity to manipulate gene expression within the cells to treat various diseases, and acts as a powerful tool for studying gene function utilizing antisense agents to manage the diseases by regulating the expression of the specific factor that actually causes the particular disease. (genomicglossaries.com)

This review highlights findings concerning noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in asthmatic ASMCs so far and proposes a schematic diagram that helps us to better understand how ncRNAs are involved in pathophysiological behavioural changes in asthmatic ASMCs. (ersjournals.com)
Many noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been identified in asthmatic ASMCs in recent years [ 5 ]. (ersjournals.com)

We conclude that targeting key functional 3' end elements involved in pre-mRNA to mRNA maturation with antisense drugs can lead to efficient gene silencing and is thus a potentially effective therapeutic strategy for at least FSHD. (nih.gov)

A previous screen of small RNA in the porcine ovary identified the down regulation of miR-574 during oocyte maturation, although its role during this process was not established. (appliedbioinfo.com)
Similar to the expression analysis of other species, these data demonstrate dynamic expression regulation of multiple classes of non-coding RNA during oocyte maturation and development to the blastocyst stage. (appliedbioinfo.com)

Base-pair (bp) is used to quantitate the length of nucleic acids but it should really be used for DNA only since RNA is single-stranded. (tripod.com)

Moreover, we aim to find new targets given specific antisense RNAs, which provides interesting insights into antisense RNA regulation. (elsevierpure.com)
Luciferase reporter assays confirmed that miR‑223 directly targets PAX6 through binding to its 3'‑untranslated region. (spandidos-publications.com)

Small RNA Profile of the Cumulus Oocyte Complex and Early Embryos in the Pig. (appliedbioinfo.com)

Prediction of RNARNA interaction is a key to elucidating possible functions of small non-coding RNAs, and a number of computational methods have been proposed to analyze interacting RNA secondary structures. (elsevierpure.com)
Small RNA represent several unique non-coding RNA classes that have important function in the development of germ cells and early embryonic development. (appliedbioinfo.com)
Deep sequencing was performed on small RNA from cumulus cells, oocytes at GV and MII stages, as well as in vitro fertilized derived embryos at 60 h post fertilization (4- to 8-cell) and on Day 6 blastocysts. (appliedbioinfo.com)

Dual-species transcriptomics or dual-RNA-seq studies use transcriptomics to assess the transcriptional profiles of multiple organisms originating from the same sample [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Here, we demonstrate that this chromatin structure also includes the incorporation of long sense and antisense noncoding RNAs. (cornell.edu)
Further, analysis by RNA chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) indicates that the noncoding RNAs are physically associated with chromatin. (cornell.edu)

RNA-like oligonucleotides that are complementary to a portion of a target mRNA molecule. (genomicglossaries.com)
In contrast to phosphate groups, the phosphorodiamidate groups are uncharged in physiological pH, which leads to faster and tighter duplex formation with their complementary DNA or RNA sequence. (turkupetcentre.net)

The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) taurine up-regulated gene1 (Tug1) plays a well-defined role in inflammatory diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
To address this issue, here we characterize the long non-coding RNA transcriptome in primary human monocytes using RNA sequencing. (bath.ac.uk)

This requires that the RNA have a specific secondary and tertiary structure, bringing the two exons close together while looping out the intron. (pressbooks.pub)

5' exoribonuclease activity and participates in a multitude of cellular RNA processing and degradation events. (wuxibiortus.com)

Researchers at Stanford University used such a method to produce amplified heterogeneous populations of RNA from limited quantities of cDNA. (genomicglossaries.com)

Gene downregulation by antisense morpholino oligonucleotides ( MOs ) is achieved by either hybridization around the translation initiation codon or by targeting the splice donor site. (echinobase.org)

Strikingly, only one single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of mRNA strongly impaired translation in the USA300 strain, leading to a strong decrease in the level of HlgC but not in HlgB. (cnrs.fr)
The RNA exosome may be involved in Ig class switch recombination (CSR) and/or Ig variable region somatic hypermutation (SHM) by targeting AICDA deamination activity to transcribed dsDNA substrates. (thermofisher.com)
In the present study, an antisense MO method is introduced that uses a 25-mer MO against a region at least 40-nt upstream from a poly(A) tail junction in the 3''-untranslated region (UTR) of maternal mRNA. (echinobase.org)
To confirm the specific targeting of HAS2 by miR-574 we constructed several luciferase vectors harbouring the HAS2 3' untranslated region. (appliedbioinfo.com)

Pharmaceutical biology antisense, antisense DNA, antisense oligonucleotides. (genomicglossaries.com)

After returning to Cambridge, he again began work with Tony Hunter and Richard Jackson, who had discovered the RNA strand used to start haemoglobin synthesis. (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy7

Organisms5

Chemicals and Drugs52

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment14

Phenomena and Processes50

Information Science3

Oligonucleotide3

Endogenous4

MicroRNAs5

Polymerase5

Genes15

Transcripts7

LncRNAs3

MicroRNA1

Nucleotides1

MRNAs9

Regions4

Intergenic1

Transcription3

Protein6

Binds3

MiRNA1

Eukaryotic gene2

Molecules2

Proteins1

Total RNA5

SiRNAs2

Genome4

Silencing in eukaryotes1

Regulatory1

Putative1

Catalytic2

Gene expression1

NcRNAs2

Therapeutic1

Maturation2

Single-stranded1

Targets2

Complex1

Small3

Species1

Chromatin2

Complementary2

Long2

Secondary1

Degradation1

Populations1

Downregulation1

Region4

Biology1

Synthesis1