Our original antiporter cycle is a perfect 1:1 transporter - each time one A molecule moves in one direction (e.g., out-to-in) a B molecule moves in the opposite direction (e.g., in-to-out). (physicallensonthecell.org)
Using the same set of states shown, we can wire together a 'symporter' (co-transporter) which transports one A and one B molecule together. (physicallensonthecell.org)
Solute2
A symporter is where ions and solute move in the same direction. (coredifferences.com)
On the other hand, antiporter is where both solute and ions move in the opposite direction. (coredifferences.com)
Putrescine-ornithine antiporter1
The structure and function of the cadaverine-lysine antiporter, CadB (2.A.3.2.2), and the putrescine-ornithine antiporter, PotE (2.A.3.2.1), in E. coli have been evaluated using model structures based on the crystal structure of AdiC (2.A.3.2.5), an agmatine-arginine antiporter. (tcdb.org)
Exchanger1
Here, we want to build on the example of the antiporter/exchanger to understand the 'space' of states in which machine cycles tend to exist and also how those states are 'wired' together. (physicallensonthecell.org)
Uniporter1
Since carriers are much more closely related, at least mechanistically, to symporters and antiporters than to channels, they are the type of uniporter emphasized in this volume. (biologists.com)
Glucose2
Once in periplasmic space, glucose is transported into the cytoplasm by several systems, including the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system (PTS), the ATP-dependent cassette (ABC) transporters, and the major facilitator (MFS) superfamily proton symporters. (encyclopedia.pub)
Transport of Na+ and K+ coupled to active reabsorption of glucose, amino acids, other organic anions and PO3 4 ¯ through specific symporters. (pharmacy180.com)
Proton2
The SMF is generated by primary sodium pumps (e.g. sodium/potassium ATPases, sodium translocating respiratory chain complexes) or via the action of sodium/proton antiporters. (embl.de)
Numerous symporters and antiporters affect the transport of solutes across the apical membrane of proximal tubule cells. (medscape.com)
Examples of function annotation using dissectHMMER, including the function discovery of an uncharacterized membrane protein Q9K8K1_BACHD (WP_010899149.1) as a lactose/H+ symporter, are presented. (beds.ac.uk)
All Na+ that enters tubular cells through the luminal membrane is pumped out of it into the renal interstitium at the basolateral membrane by Na+K+ATPase energised Na+K+ antiporter ( see Figs 41.1 and 41.2). (pharmacy180.com)
The dissociated HCO 3 ¯ in the cell is transported to cortical e.c.f. by basolateral membrane Na+HCO¯ symporter resulting in net reabsorption of NaHCO 3 . (pharmacy180.com)
ATPase1
Previous studies have implicated glucocorticoids as an important factor in the postnatal maturational increase in proximal tubule volume absorption, Na + /H + antiporter, Na(HCO 3 ) 3 symporter, and Na + -K + -ATPase activity. (elsevierpure.com)
Substrate1
Nelson and Lill, 1994 ) the decision as to whether they are symporters or antiporters depends upon the direction of translocation, relative to that of the primary driving ion, of the substrate of greatest physiological importance. (biologists.com)
Transport1
Active transport through an antiporter. (pearson.com)
Channels1
Because there is a large intracellular to extracellular gradient for K+, it diffuses out through K+ channels to be recirculated by the Na+K+ antiporter. (pharmacy180.com)
Determine1
The relative magnitudes of the rate constants will determine the effectiveness of this molecule as an antiporter. (physicallensonthecell.org)