Antigens helminth. Medical search. Frequent questions

Type 2 immune responses are mounted in the context of barrier disruption and entry of infectious agents, including parasites, or tissue-damaging or innocuous protein antigens, collectively termed allergens or toxins. (nature.com)
In most cases, the activation of ADCC involves the binding of IgG antibodies to antigens, although infestation by invasive helminths and some other parasites, IgE antibodies may be bound to the antigen on the pathogen surface. (news-medical.net)
The geohelminth (also known as intestinal or soil-transmitted helminth infections) parasites, Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura , hookworm, and Stronglyoides stercoralis , are common infectious diseases of childhood in tropical regions and are estimated to infect over 2 billion humans worldwide [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Studies on the inhibition of inflammation by infection with helminth parasites have, until recently, overlooked a key determinant of health: the gut microbiota. (biomedcentral.com)
PURPOSE The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), invites applications for program project (P01) grants to conduct multidisciplinary research leading to the development and evaluation of new strategies to prevent and control diseases caused by protozoan and helminth parasites. (nih.gov)
Th1 cells producing Interferon gamma induce cytotoxic, inflammatory responses that are most effective against intracellular parasites, whereas Th2 cells producing IL4 and IL5 induce successful responses against helminth parasites. (rochester.edu)
Helminth parasites co-evolve with their human host and have developed immune regulatory mechanisms whereby they harbor regulatory molecules that induce a wide range of mechanisms, such as Treg and Breg development, to blunt the attack of the host's immune system. (tum.de)
Helminth parasites co-evolved with human hosts and developed immune regulatory mechanisms whereby parasites harbor regulatory molecules inducing a wide range of mechanisms, such as Treg development, to evade the attack of the host's immune system, which remains silent. (tum.de)

She has established the importance of dendritic cell dysfunction in mediating the profound T cell hyporesponsiveness seen in parasitic helminth infection and has helped define many of the underlying mechanisms involved in this alteration of APC dysfunction. (nih.gov)
Dr. Gazzinelli-Guimaraes' research program has been focused on the regulation of the immune response to helminth parasitic infections and to the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. (nih.gov)
The presence of a helminth or other parasitic organism is indexed with the term where the helminth or other parasite is found with the subheading /parasitol not /microbiol. (nih.gov)
Vaccine development against parasitic helminths. (jefferson.edu)
Some authors consider certain species of LEECHES that can become temporarily parasitic as helminths. (bvsalud.org)
The inverse correlation between the geographical distribution of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), diabetes, and multiple sclerosis with endemic parasitic helminth-infections has led to the hypothesis that infection with helminths could confer protection against auto-inflammatory disease [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Parasitic helminths typically establish chronic infection, yet are generally tolerated with limited immunopathology, presumably due to their potent immunomodulatory effects [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

These studies aim to identify potential targets for the development of selective immunotherapy that could prevent chronic helminth infection or that could diminish allergic inflammation. (nih.gov)
Helminths suppress cell-mediated immunity, so we studied the effect of helminth infection and deworming on the TST in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in an indigenous Amazon community (N = 195). (nih.gov)
Stool microscopy diagnosed helminths in 98% and co-infection with multiple species in 24% of study subjects. (nih.gov)
Thus, TST reactions were unaffected by albendazole therapy that partially cured intestinal helminth infections, and TST interpretation was unaffected by high-burden helminth infections and co-infection with multiple helminth species. (nih.gov)
Before hepatitis B vaccination, refugees and V93s of all ages are tested for hepatitis B virus infection by using hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), where available. (cdc.gov)
Infection with helminths evokes changes in the composition of their host's microbiota: one outcome of which is an altered metabolome (e.g., levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)) in the gut lumen. (biomedcentral.com)
Having defined a feed-forward signaling loop between il-10 and butyrate following infection with H. diminuta , this study identifies the gut microbiome as a critical component of the anti-colitic effect of this helminth therapy. (biomedcentral.com)
The juxtaposition of helminth and bacteria in the gut allows for the possibility that the anti-inflammatory effect that follows infection with the parasite could, at least in part, be via the microbiota. (biomedcentral.com)
Infection sera were immunoprecipitated with excretory/secretory (ES) antigens, somatic antigen (ABF) or a purified 14kDa molecule, one of the main conponents of both ES and ABF. (gla.ac.uk)
This system, therefore, provides a means of studying the genetic control of antibody production in response to infection, which may identify protective antigens or resistant host haplotypes. (gla.ac.uk)
A feature of filarial nematode infection is a defective, T helper 2 (Th2)-polarized antigen-specific T-cell response and in relation to this we have recently shown that ES-62 inhibits clonal expansion and modulates effector function towards a Th2 phenotype, of antigen-specific T cells in vivo. (gla.ac.uk)
IFN-γ, TNF-α, T H 1 cells), whereas infection by helminths typically elicits a type II host resistance and tolerizing immune response (e.g. (biomedcentral.com)
Indeed, recent studies indicate that infection by helminths differentially shapes the response and outcome of subsequent infection by viruses and bacteria. (biomedcentral.com)
Rather than an exhaustive summary of the literature, our goal in this review is to provide some key concepts and emphasize existing issues in relation to helminth as a friend or foe in bacterial or viral infection. (biomedcentral.com)
While T H 2 responses limit helminth infection and can result in the physical expulsion from the mucosal membranes in which they reside, helminths are rarely killed. (biomedcentral.com)
Chronic helminth infection induces a type-2 cellular immune response. (ox.ac.uk)
Moreover, this demonstration that helminth infection in humans can modulate the immune response to a concurrent infection or immunological challenge is of critical importance to future vaccination strategies. (ox.ac.uk)
The Geshiyaro project is a 5-year intervention to assess the impact of community- and school-based water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) interventions on reducing infection with soil-transmitted helminths (STH. (biomedcentral.com)
How can a chronic helminth infection have an impact on a vaccine? (tum.de)
The evidence from our working group's animal models demonstrates that co-infection with helminths profoundly affects immune responses to bystander antigens including vaccines. (tum.de)
Study data highlight the important differences between the immune responses to natural helminth infection and to vaccination with a recombinant helminth antigen. (johnshopkins.edu)

Therefore, in the absence of TFH cells, similar to B cell activation by T-cell independent antigens, a quick burst of low affinity plasma cell production is formed but this does not lead to germinal center induction nor permit antibody affinity maturation or the differentiation of effective memory B cells which are essential in fortifying the body against subsequent infections. (wikipedia.org)
The regulation of host immunity by chronic geohelminth infections may not just affect responses to parasite antigens but also other exogenous antigens such as the antigenic constituents of vaccines and aeroallergens. (biomedcentral.com)
Helminth infections characteristically, induce high titres of IgE and special attention was, therefore, focused on the production and control of IgE, in this model, Parasite-specific IgE was examined using passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) and IgE-specific Western blotting. (gla.ac.uk)
These responses include the serum IgG1 and IgE responses, the secretory IgA response, and eosinophil-mediated inflammatory responses, such as occur during gut helminth infections and allergic responses, including asthma. (nih.gov)
In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on how helminth infections influence concurrent or subsequent microbial infections and also discuss the implications for helminth-mediated immunity on the outcome of SARS-CoV-2 disease. (biomedcentral.com)
The importance of the T H 2 response in helminth immunity is supported by population genetic associations between loci that control T H 2 responses or their effector cytokines and susceptibility to worm infections [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Gastrointestinal (GI) infections can be caused by many types of microbes, including bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and helminths. (nih.gov)
The present study examines the immune responses of children exposed to both the helminth parasite Onchocerca volvulus and the mycobacterial infections, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. leprae. (ox.ac.uk)
Gastrointestinal (GI) helminth infections cause significant morbidity in both humans and animals worldwide. (biomedcentral.com)

Collectively, the stage for antigen avoidance is set when adaptive immunity equips mast cells with IgE as a telltale of past immune responses. (nature.com)
Prevention of immunopathology-causing, continuous and futile responses against per se innocuous antigens or of repeated ingestion of toxins through mast-cell-mediated antigen-avoidance behaviour may be an important arm of immunity. (nature.com)
Type 2 immune responses, notably involving interleukin (IL)-4, drive immunoglobulin class switch recombination to antigen-specific IgE, which is bound to the mast-cell-expressed high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI). (nature.com)
Immunoglobulin (Ig) G responses to several antigens/pathogens were assessed by a multiplex bead assay (MBA), and the recombinant Taenia solium T24H antigen was included. (nih.gov)
3. IFNG-mediated immune responses enhance autophagy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens in patients with active tuberculosis. (nih.gov)
16. Characterization of human cellular immune responses to novel Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens encoded by genomic regions absent in Mycobacterium bovis BCG. (nih.gov)
The basis of the vaccines will the combination of recombinant antigens with adjuvants capable of inducing specific types of immune responses. (jefferson.edu)
The epithelial cell barrier is often the first line of defense against helminths, but also provides signals that instruct dendritic cells (DCs), group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), and T H 2 cells to produce type 2 immune responses [ 19 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In response to helminths or ensuing mast cells responses, intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) release IL-33, which binds to its receptor, ST2 (suppression of tumorigenicity 2), to activate a wide range of immune cells and elicit the production of type 2 cytokines by ILC2s, T H 2 cells, basophils, and mast cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Some of these molecules have been identified as regulators for each phase of the host immune response: initiation, antigen recognition and processing, adaptive and effector cell responses and tissue remodeling and repair. (tum.de)
Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen-presenting cells that regulate T cell responses for many infectious diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen presenting cells that play a pivotal role in the control and modulation of immune responses by initiating T cell responses and producing cytokines and other molecules that regulate adaptive immunity [ 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Acquired immunity against helminths is characterised by a complex interplay between the effector Th1 and Th2 immune responses and it slowly manifests with age as a result of cumulative exposure to parasite antigens. (lshtm.ac.uk)
These data advance knowledge of vaccine development for helminths given their propensity to induce strong T H 2 responses. (johnshopkins.edu)

Ability of an organism to recognize and defend itself against specific pathogens or antigens. (powershow.com)
Genes encoding protective antigens from different pathogens can be cloned and expressed in salmonella vaccine strains, which are then used to piggy back these antigens to the mucosal and systemic immune systems via oral immunisation. (bmj.com)

Within germinal centers, TFH cells play a critical role in mediating the selection and survival of B cells that go on to differentiate either into long-lived plasma cells capable of producing high affinity antibodies against foreign antigen, or germinal center-dependent memory B cells capable of quick immune re-activation in the future if ever the same antigen is re-encountered. (wikipedia.org)
The switched antibodies acquire better effector functions, and hypermutated antibody shows greater affinity for antigen. (wikipedia.org)
Detection of Immunoglobulin G Antibodies to Taenia solium Cysticercosis Antigen Glutathione-S-Transferase-rT24H in Malian Children Using Multiplex Bead Assay. (nih.gov)
Allergic reactions in affected individuals following meat consumption are mediated predominantly by IgE antibodies specific for galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-gal), a blood group antigen of non-primate mammals and therefore present in dietary meat. (frontiersin.org)
First, the B-cell produces antibodies directed against specific antigens present on a pathogen or a foreign body. (news-medical.net)
These antibodies bind to the target antigen and the constant region of the antibody (Fc) is recognized by the effector cells of the immune system via Fc receptors on their surfaces. (news-medical.net)
ADCC is invoked when antibodies bind with both the antigen present on the target cell and Fc receptors on the effectors cells of the host. (news-medical.net)
On the other hand, the ELISA technique was used to study the response of IgG antibodies against E/S antigens of D. dendriticum in the sera of 40 sheep. (tubitak.gov.tr)

Mucosal mast cells lining the stomach and small intestine rapidly sensed antigen ingestion. (nature.com)
On subsequent antigen ingestion, mast cells signal termination of antigen intake. (nature.com)
Mucosal mast cells lining the stomach and small intestine rapidly respond to ingested antigens. (nature.com)
Mice harbouring mast cells but not mast-cell-deficient mice subsequently avoid antigen uptake when given a free choice of water with or without antigen under unperturbed behavioural conditions. (nature.com)
Follicular helper T cells (also known as follicular B helper T cells and abbreviated as TFH), are antigen-experienced CD4+ T cells found in the periphery within B cell follicles of secondary lymphoid organs such as lymph nodes, spleen and Peyer's patches, and are identified by their constitutive expression of the B cell follicle homing receptor CXCR5. (wikipedia.org)
In germinal centers, antigen-experienced TFH cells rapidly upregulate the expression of CD40L, which binds and stimulates the B cell surface receptor CD40. (wikipedia.org)
We have a specific interest in understanding the plasticity and specificity of circulating peripheral and tissue-resident effector Th2 cells driven by helminth antigens and/or allergens, as well as to understand the role of the effector Th2 subsets in the establishment of tissue Type-2-mediated inflammation using both mouse models and human studies. (nih.gov)
5. [Th2 differentiation features of Mycobacterium tuberculosis heat resistant antigen-activated human γδT cells and the regulation of transcription factor T-bet/GATA-3 on differentiation]. (nih.gov)
Some target cells express the Fas antigen, which is then engaged by a host cell molecule called Fas ligand. (news-medical.net)
A lower percentage of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) was detected with respect to the UC. (biomedcentral.com)
Marshall, F. A. , Watson, K. A. , Garside, P. , Harnett, M. M. and Harnett, W. (2008) Effect of activated antigen-specific B cells on ES-62-mediated modulation of effector function of heterologous antigen-specific T cells in vivo. (gla.ac.uk)
We have recently found that stimulation of the retinoid X receptor (RXR) pathway in antigen-naive Th0 cells promotes development of Th2 memory cells (as indicated by the production of IL-4), while stimulation of the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) pathway does not. (nih.gov)
These primed, precursor cells (Thpp) produce IL-2 and proliferate rapidly, allowing expansion of antigen-specific cells during an immune response before commitment to a particular effector phenotype. (rochester.edu)
Proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and production of IL-4 in response to both helminth and mycobacterial antigen (PPD) decreased dramatically with increasing microfilarial (MF) density. (ox.ac.uk)
B Cells Enhance Antigen-Specific CD4 T Cell Pr. (prolekarniky.cz)
Description: The DX5 monoclonal antibody reacts with CD49b, an antigen expressed on a majority of mouse natural killer cells and a subset of T cells. (thermofisher.com)
Activation of invariant NKT cells by the helminth parasite schistosoma mansoni. (ox.ac.uk)
Taken together, our data show for the first time that helminths can activate iNKT cells to produce immunoregulatory cytokines in vivo, enabling them to influence the adaptive immune response. (ox.ac.uk)

The diag nostic value o f W. bancrofti microflarial antigen in chronic cases has been discussed. (jpgmonline.com)

Helminth antigens were investigated in the search for accessible heterologous antigens capable to discriminate different helminthiases, by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the immunoblot assay (IB). (nih.gov)
Furthermore, the use of precisely attenuated bacterial vectors as carriers for recombinant heterologous antigens can lead to the generation of multivalent vaccines. (bmj.com)

Wuchereria bancrofti microfilarial antigen was investigated in skin test on: (1) Microfilaria carriers, (2) Amicrofilaraemic cases from endemic villages with and without intestinal helminths, (3) Cases having apparent symptoms and signs of filariasis. (jpgmonline.com)

Live attenuated salmonella vaccines are useful vectors for the delivery of recombinant antigens to the immune system. (bmj.com)

1 The most effective way to induce local immunity against infectious agents has so far proved to be direct application of vaccine antigens to mucosal surfaces (oral or intranasal delivery). (bmj.com)

However, clinical studies in humans have so far not yielded a clear picture due to many overlapping helminth, vaccine, and study design factors, and the diverse characteristics of the populations that are studied. (tum.de)

In contrast, helminths stimulate potent type 2 immune response, which results in clearance and/or tolerance to helminths, and includes anti-inflammatory and wound healing programs. (biomedcentral.com)
Onchocerciasis modulates the immune response to mycobacterial antigens. (ox.ac.uk)

The rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), point of care circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA) and Hemastix, were used to estimate Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium prevalence, respectively. (infontd.org)

2 The fact that we have so few effective oral vaccines shows that the induction of protective immunity through oral immunisation is not an easy goal to achieve as many antigens are poor oral immunogens. (bmj.com)
Oral vaccines can be based on either live or non-living antigens. (bmj.com)

hence, we identify the immunological sensor cell linking antigen recognition to avoidance behaviour. (nature.com)
This restricted recognition could however, be overcome if a purified antigen was presented with adjuvant. (gla.ac.uk)

The tuberculin skin test (TST) quantifies cell-mediated immunity to tuberculosis antigens. (nih.gov)

8. In vitro levels of cytokines in response to purified protein derivative (PPD) antigen in a population with high prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis. (nih.gov)

Avoidance prevented antigen-driven adaptive, innate and mucosal immune activation and inflammation in the stomach and small intestine. (nature.com)

1. Lactic acid bacteria enhance autophagic ability of mononuclear phagocytes by increasing Th1 autophagy-promoting cytokine (IFN-gamma) and nitric oxide (NO) levels and reducing Th2 autophagy-restraining cytokines (IL-4 and IL-13) in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen. (nih.gov)
12. Helminth Antigen Exposure Enhances Early Immune Control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Monocytes and Macrophages. (nih.gov)
17. Cytokine profiles for peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis and healthy household contacts in response to the 30-kilodalton antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (nih.gov)

Any part or derivative of a helminth that elicits an immune reaction. (nih.gov)

1987). Assessment of a condition of amicrofilaremic or occult dirofilariasis was determined by necropsies, knott's and antibody-ELISA and antigen-ELISA. (vin.com)
Suspected cases were further tested by modified knott's concentration and/or antigen-ELISA kits (Snap R , Idexx, U.S.A. and Witness R , Agen, Australia). (vin.com)
It is proved that the antigen-ELISA detection is superior over conventional methods and gave 30.9% better result than those conventional ones. (vin.com)

The EG95 antigen of Echinococcus spp. (ac.ir)
A gene family expressing a host-protective antigen of Echinococcus granulosus. (ac.ir)

Helminths including nematodes, cestodes and trematodes, are handled differently by the host immune system compared to bacteria or viruses. (biomedcentral.com)

Invertebrates include insects and helminths. (nih.gov)

We suggest that any intention-to-treat with helminth therapy should be based on the characterization of the patient's immunological and microbiological response to the helminth. (biomedcentral.com)

Moreover, the cross-reactivity among helminthiases was found with the use of antigens belonging to phylogenetically related parasite species, Eg, Tso and Tcra-VF, by sharing same antigenic components. (nih.gov)

The functional implications of helminth-evoked changes in the enteric microbiome (composition and metabolites) are poorly understood and are explored with respect to controlling enteric inflammation. (biomedcentral.com)

Protein bands of excretory/secretory (E/S) antigens of Dicrocoelium dendriticum were determined using SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. (tubitak.gov.tr)
In the SDS-PAGE analysis of D. dendriticum E/S antigen, 9 protein bands with molecular weights varying between 6 and 66 kDa with Coomassie staining and 14 bands between 6 and 205 kDa with silver staining were detected. (tubitak.gov.tr)

Identification and characterization of membrane antigen may constitute an alternative source of antigen and then assist the development of serological techniques. (usp.br)

Thus, it is thought that exposure to tick bites promotes cutaneous sensitization to tick antigens such as α-gal, leading to the development of IgE-mediated meat allergy. (frontiersin.org)

Anatomy21

Organisms47

Diseases33

Chemicals and Drugs107

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment22

Phenomena and Processes19

Disciplines and Occupations4

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

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Health Care6

Geographicals2

Parasites8

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Infection21

Infections9

Responses14

Pathogens2

Antibodies8

Cells18

Chronic1

Heterologous antigens2

Intestinal1

Recombinant antigens1

Induce1

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Schistosoma1

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Recognition2

Immunity1

Purified protein de1

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Elicits1

ELISA3

Echinococcus2

Bacteria1

Invertebrates1

Immunological1

Species1

Inflammation1

Protein2

Characterization1

Exposure1